UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarter ended April 16, 2018
or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-36411
ZOE'S KITCHEN, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
 
 
Delaware
 
51-0653504
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
5760 State Highway 121, Suite 250
Plano, Texas
 
75024
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (214) 436-8765
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ   No   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes     þ    No   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  
Large accelerated filer o
 
 
 
Accelerated filer    þ
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer   o
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company   o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company   o
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes   o     No   þ
On May 24, 2018 there were 19,603,222 shares of common stock outstanding.


Table of Contents
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


1

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Zoe's Kitchen, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
December 25,
2017
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
3,703

 
$
2,276

Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
 
2,152

 
3,148

Other accounts receivable
 
1,317

 
2,231

Inventories
 
2,623

 
2,374

Prepaid expenses and other
 
3,666

 
1,949

Total current assets
 
13,461

 
11,978

Property and equipment, net
 
193,276

 
191,686

Goodwill
 
29,528

 
29,528

Intangibles, net
 
6,124

 
6,482

Other long-term assets, net
 
830

 
848

Total long-term assets
 
229,758

 
228,544

Total assets
 
$
243,219

 
$
240,522

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
9,639

 
$
8,629

Accrued expenses and other
 
14,742

 
14,644

Total current liabilities
 
24,381

 
23,273

Long-term liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
 
16,500

 
12,500

Deemed landlord financing
 
31,134

 
33,240

Deferred rent
 
38,432

 
36,390

Deferred income taxes
 
4,162

 
4,022

Other long-term liabilities, net
 
—

 
18

Total long-term liabilities
 
90,228

 
86,170

Total liabilities
 
114,609

 
109,443

Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
 

 

Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
Common stock: $0.01 par value, 135,000,000 shares authorized as of April 16, 2018 and December 25, 2017; 19,597,482 and 19,556,044 issued and outstanding as of April 16, 2018 and December 25, 2017, respectively.
 
$
196

 
$
196

Additional paid-in capital
 
153,018

 
151,868

Accumulated deficit
 
(24,604
)
 
(20,985
)
Total stockholders' equity
 
128,610

 
131,079

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 
$
243,219

 
$
240,522


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Zoe's Kitchen, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
Restaurant sales
 
$
102,029

 
$
90,504

Royalty fees
 
45

 
57

Total revenue
 
102,074

 
90,561

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization):
Cost of sales
 
29,736

 
26,496

Labor
 
32,512

 
26,952

Store operating expenses
 
23,257

 
19,049

General and administrative expenses
 
10,992

 
9,985

Depreciation
 
6,340

 
5,052

Amortization
 
358

 
489

Pre-opening costs
 
523

 
567

Loss from disposal of equipment
 
158

 
259

Total operating expenses
 
103,876

 
88,849

Income (loss) from operations
 
(1,802
)
 
1,712

Other income and expenses:
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
 
1,623

 
1,368

Other income
 
(27
)
 
(29
)
Total other income and expenses
 
1,596

 
1,339

Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
 
(3,398
)
 
373

Provision for income taxes
 
221

 
354

Net income (loss)
 
$
(3,619
)
 
$
19

Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
0.00

Diluted
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
0.00

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
19,507,441

 
19,472,124

Diluted
 
19,507,441

 
19,528,915


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


3

Zoe's Kitchen, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(3,619
)
 
$
19

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
6,340

 
5,052

Amortization of intangible assets
 
358

 
489

Equity-based compensation
 
1,140

 
888

Deferred income taxes
 
141

 
264

Amortization of loan costs
 
21

 
7

Bad debt expense
 
2

 
3

Loss from disposal of equipment
 
158

 
259

Accretion of deemed landlord financing
 
84

 
92

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Trade accounts receivable
 
994

 
510

Other accounts receivable
 
925

 
907

Inventories
 
(249
)
 
(224
)
Prepaid expenses and other
 
(1,718
)
 
(1,783
)
Accounts payable
 
912

 
2,095

Accrued expenses and other
 
427

 
350

Deferred rent
 
2,071

 
1,705

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
7,987

 
10,633

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment
 
(10,598
)
 
(13,217
)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
 
18

 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(10,580
)
 
(13,217
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from line of credit
 
4,000

 
—

Proceeds from deemed landlord financing
 
10

 
121

Proceeds from exercise of stock options
 
11

 
—

Payments of loan acquisition fees
 
(1
)
 
—

Net cash provided by financing activities
 
4,020

 
121

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 
1,427

 
(2,463
)
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
Beginning of period
 
2,276

 
5,493

End of period
 
$
3,703

 
$
3,030

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest related to long-term debt
 
$
144

 
$
—

Cash paid for interest related to deemed landlord financing
 
1,462

 
1,455

Non-cash deemed landlord financing
 
(2,200
)
 
2,450

Change in accrued purchases of property and equipment
 
(260
)
 
2,400


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Zoe's Kitchen, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1.    Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation
Nature of Operations
Zoe’s Kitchen, Inc. (the "Company", "Zoës", "we" or "us") primarily develops and operates fast-casual restaurants serving a distinct menu of freshly prepared Mediterranean-inspired dishes. As of April 16, 2018 , we operated 251 Company-owned restaurants and three franchise restaurants in 20 states across the United States. We have determined that we have one operating and reportable segment. All of our revenues are derived in the United States. All of our assets are located in the United States.
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and practices of the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods have been included.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in audited consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Due to the seasonality of our business, results for any interim financial period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year. In addition, quarterly results of operations may be impacted by the timing and amount of sales and costs associated with the opening of new restaurants. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not represent complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our annual financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2017 (the "2017 Form 10-K"). While the condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 25, 2017 was derived from audited financial statements, it does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income (loss) is the same as net income (loss) for all periods presented. Therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive income (loss) is not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Zoe’s Kitchen, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Zoe’s Kitchen USA, LLC and Soho Franchising, LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.
Fiscal Year
We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the last Monday of the calendar year. Fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 consists of 53 weeks and fiscal year ended December 25, 2017 consisted of 52 weeks. Our first fiscal quarter consists of 16 weeks, and each of our second, third and fourth fiscal quarters consists of 12 weeks, except for a 53-week year when the fourth quarter has 13 weeks.

5

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, such as valuation of long-lived, definite and indefinite-lived assets, estimated useful lives of assets, the reasonably assured lease terms of operating leases, the construction costs of leases where the Company is considered the owner during and after the construction period, allowance for doubtful accounts, the fair value related to equity-based compensation, the calculation of self-insurance reserves, and deferred tax valuation allowances, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 118," which incorporates paragraphs from SAB 118 in to the accounting codification. SAB 118 addressed the application of GAAP in the reporting period in which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "2017 Tax Act"), which the Company has adopted. See Note 8 for more information regarding effects of the 2017 Tax Act.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification Accounting,” which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity will account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value of the modified award is the same as the original award, the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the original award, and the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or liability instrument is the same as the original award. We adopted this amendment effective December 26, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which provides specific guidance regarding presentation and classification on a variety of cash payments and receipts. Among the issues addressed is the classification of proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. We adopted this amendment effective December 26, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-04, "Liabilities - Extinguishments of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20)", which amends subtopic 405-20 to provide a scope exception that requires breakage for prepaid stored-value product liabilities to be accounted for consistent with the breakage guidance in Topic 606. We adopted this amendment effective December 26, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." This update was issued to replace the current revenue recognition guidance, creating a more comprehensive revenue model. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 to defer the effective date for adoption. The update is now effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, April 2016, May 2016, and December 2016 the FASB also issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, respectively, to further clarify performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance and other general topics. We adopted this amendment using the modified retrospective approach for the fiscal year and quarter beginning December 26, 2017. See Note 2 for additional information regarding our revenue policies, sources of revenue, and contract balances.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new standard, annual and interim goodwill impairment tests will compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill. The pronouncement is effective for goodwill impairments tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and

6

should be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which requires entities to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Previous lease accounting did not require certain lease types to be recognized on the balance sheet. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01 which provides an optional transition practical expedient under Topic 842 to not evaluate land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under current lease guidance. This update is an amendment to the codification and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 including interim periods within those fiscal years applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our financial position and results of operations, but expect that it will result in a significant increase in our long-term assets and liabilities given we have a significant number of leases which are not reflected on the balance sheet under current GAAP. In addition, rental payments under most of our leases for which we are the accounting owner will no longer be considered debt service applied to deemed landlord financing and interest expense. Instead, these rental payments will be classified as rent expense.

2.    Revenue
On December 26, 2017 we adopted Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our financial position or results from operations. The new standard did not impact our recognition of restaurant sales or royalty fees. Revenue recognized related to gift card breakage was also not impacted as we have historically recognized breakage in proportion to the pattern of customer redemption. Refer to Note 1 of our 2017 Form 10-K for our policies on revenue recognition from restaurant sales, gift cards and royalty fee accounting. Comparative period information presented in this report has not been restated and it continues to be reported under the accounting standard in effect during those periods.
Contract Balances

Contract liabilities and receivables from customers consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
 
April 16,
2018
 
December 25,
2017
Sales receivable  (1)
 
1,000

 
1,170

Gift card liability (2)
 
1,197

 
1,732

Deferred revenue, current (2)
 
128

 
23

(1) Included in balance of Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(2) Included in balance of Accrued expenses and other on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Revenue recognized during the period that was included in liability balances at the beginning of the period consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
 
Sixteen weeks ended
 
 
April 16, 2018
Gift card liability
 
$
1,009

Deferred revenue, current
 
$
23




7

3.    Supplemental Information
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
December 25,
2017
Buildings under deemed landlord financing
 
24,380

 
26,580

Leasehold improvements
 
161,032

 
153,425

Machinery and equipment
 
41,344

 
39,510

Furniture and fixtures
 
8,427

 
7,988

Automobiles
 
3,825

 
3,946

Computer equipment
 
17,808

 
17,013

Construction in progress
 
5,322

 
6,073

Property and equipment, gross
 
262,138

 
254,535

Less: Accumulated depreciation
 
(68,862
)
 
(62,849
)
Total Property and equipment, net
 
$
193,276

 
$
191,686

Accrued expenses and other consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
December 25,
2017
Accrued payroll and payroll taxes
 
$
5,136

 
$
5,168

Accrued capital purchases
 
1,747

 
2,031

Sales tax payable
 
2,184

 
945

Gift card liability
 
1,197

 
1,732

Other accrued expenses
 
4,478

 
4,768

Total Accrued expenses and other
 
$
14,742

 
$
14,644


4.    Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and all other current liabilities approximate fair values due to the short maturities of these instruments.

5.    Bank Line of Credit and Term Loan
On November 7, 2017, we entered into a credit facility with JPMorganChase Bank, National Association (the "2017 Credit Facility"). The 2017 Credit Facility consists of a revolving loan commitment in the aggregate amount of  $50.0 million , together with an incremental revolving credit commitment up to an aggregate amount of  $25.0 million . The 2017 Credit Facility has a  five year term and matures on November 7, 2022. As of April 16, 2018 , we had  $16.5 million  of indebtedness under the 2017 Credit Facility.
On November 7, 2017, we repaid in full our outstanding  $12.5 million  indebtedness under our previous credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the "2015 Credit Facility") using funds drawn on our 2017 Credit Facility. Upon repayment, the 2015 Credit Facility and all related agreements were terminated. In addition, we wrote-off all unamortized loan costs, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of  $0.1 million .
Revolving credit loans under the 2017 Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either the LIBOR plus an applicable margin or the base rate plus an applicable margin. The base rate consists of the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus  0.5%  and LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus  1.0% . The applicable margin and associated loan commitment fee consists of four pricing levels based on the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio. The weighted-average interest rate was 3.1% for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 .

8

Applicable margin and commitment fee rates shall be the rates per annum set for in the table below:
 
 
Applicable Margin
 
 
Total Debt Ratio
 
Base Rate
 
LIBOR
 
Commitment Fee Rate
>2.0 to 1.0
 
0.875%
 
1.875%
 
0.35%
≤ 2.0 to 1.0 but > 1.5 to 1.0
 
0.750%
 
1.750%
 
0.30%
≤ 1.5 to 1.0 but > 1.0
 
0.625%
 
1.625%
 
0.25%
≤1.0 to 1.0
 
0.500%
 
1.500%
 
0.20%
The 2017 Credit Facility includes specific financial covenants such as a leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. We are also subject to other customary covenants, including limitations on additional borrowings, dividend payments and acquisitions. As of April 16, 2018 , we were in compliance with these financial and other covenants.

6.    Equity-based Compensation
In connection with our initial public offering in April 2014 (the "IPO"), we adopted the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2014 Incentive Plan”), which provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, other stock-based awards and other cash-based awards available to directors, officers and other employees of us and our subsidiaries, as well as others performing consulting or advisory services to us. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2014 Incentive Plan may not exceed 1,905,799 .
The following table summarizes our stock option plan activity during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 :
 
 
Stock Options
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of December 25, 2017
 
1,092,123

 
$
23.27

Granted
 
144,565

 
14.05

Exercised
 
(717
)
 
15.00

Forfeited
 
(6,485
)
 
22.82

Expired
 
(4,652
)
 
25.75

Outstanding as of April 16, 2018
 
1,224,834

 
$
22.18

Included in the stock option plan activity above are 250,000 stock options that vested immediately upon completion of the IPO and 185,679 stock options that vest in five equal annual installments following the date of the grant. All other options vest in four equal annual installments following the date of the grant. All options have a contractual term of 10 years.
The following table reflects the weighted-average assumptions utilized in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the stock options granted.
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16, 2018
Expected volatility (1)
 
31.0%
Risk-free rate of return
 
2.7%
Expected life (in years) (2)
 
6.3
Dividend yield
 
0%
Weighted-average fair value per share at date of grant
 
$5.09
(1) Expected volatility was based on competitors within the industry.
(2) Expected life was calculated using the simplified method, which is an average of the contractual term of the option and its ordinary vesting period, as we do not have sufficient historical data for determining the expected term of our stock option awards.


9

The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit plan activity during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 :
 
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 25, 2017
 
106,620

 
$
24.32

Granted
 
191,914

 
14.07

Vested
 
(40,721
)
 
25.76

Forfeited
 
(2,605
)
 
21.45

Non-vested at April 16, 2018
 
255,208

 
$
16.41


The fair value of the non-vested restricted stock units is based on the closing price on the date of grant. All of our non-vested restricted stock units vest in three or four equal annual installments following the date of the grant.
As of April 16, 2018 and December 25, 2017, 65,516 shares of restricted stock with a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.36 were non-vested. All shares of restricted stock vest in five equal annual installments following the date of the grant.
We recognized equity-based compensation as a component of general and administrative expenses of $1.1 million and $0.9 million during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 and April 17, 2017 , respectively. As of April 16, 2018 , total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards was $9.2 million , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.

7.    Earnings Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method.
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the period indicated:
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
Net income (loss) (in thousands):
 
$
(3,619
)
 
$
19

Shares:
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
 
19,507,441

 
19,472,124

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
 
19,507,441

 
19,528,915

Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
Basic EPS
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
0.00

Diluted EPS
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
0.00

During the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 , there were 1,069,105 stock options, 82,004 restricted stock units and 14,489 restricted stock shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. During the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , there were 607,105 stock options, 85,094 restricted stock units and no restricted stock shares excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.


10

8.    Income Taxes
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) was enacted. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.
The Company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in its 2017 financial statements in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, "Income Taxes", in the reporting period in which the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law. As such, the Company’s financial results reflect the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is complete and provisional amounts for those specific income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC Topic 740 is incomplete but a reasonable estimate could be determined. The Company included provisional estimates of income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act as of April 18, 2016.
Provision for income taxes was $0.2 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to $0.4 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . The effective tax rate was (6)% and 95% for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 and April 17, 2017 , respectively. Our tax expense for the year primarily reflects the accrual of income tax expense related to a valuation allowance in connection with the tax amortization of the Company’s goodwill that was not available to offset existing deferred tax assets. Due to the uncertain timing of the reversal of this temporary difference, it cannot be considered as a source of future taxable income for purposes of determining a valuation allowance; therefore the deferred tax liability cannot offset deferred tax assets. As part of the 2017 Tax Act, NOL’s generated in 2018 and later are not subject to an expiration period and are available to offset 80% of taxable income in the year in which they are utilized. The indefinite carryforward period of 2018 and subsequent NOL’s can be used as support for the realization of indefinite-lived deferred tax liabilities to the extent that such NOL’s do not exceed 80% of the goodwill that was not available to offset existing deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the Company has recognized a deferred tax asset for the estimated NOL generated during 2018. Our quarterly provision for income taxes is measured using an annual estimated effective tax rate for the full year applied to period earnings. The comparison of our effective tax rate between periods is significantly impacted by the level of pre-tax income earned and projected for the year.
We continue to monitor and evaluate the rationale for recording a full valuation allowance for the net amount of the deferred tax assets which are in excess of the indefinite-lived deferred tax assets and liabilities. We intend to continue maintaining a full valuation allowance on these net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change on the basis of the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve.

9.    Commitments and Contingencies
Franchise Agreement
Our Kentucky franchise agreement, which requires the franchisee to remit continuing royalty fees at a specified percentage of the franchisee's gross sales revenue, provides that we as franchisor, or its authorized representative, will: (a) provide franchisee with written schedules of all foods, food products, beverages, and other items for sale, and the furniture, fixtures, supplies and equipment necessary and required for the operation of the restaurant; (b) provide franchisee with a list of approved suppliers for the products and services necessary and required for the restaurant; (c) upon the reasonable written request of franchisee, render reasonable advisory services by telephone or in writing pertaining to the operation of the restaurant; (d) provide franchisee with a sample of the standard Zoës Kitchen menu, and any modifications to the menu; (e) loan franchisee a copy of the system's operating manual and any supplements to the manual that may be published by us; and, (f) provide franchisee the opportunity to participate in group purchasing programs that we may use, develop, sponsor or provide on terms and conditions determined solely by us. In addition, as a condition to the commencement of business by any of our franchises, the franchisee must attend and successfully complete our training program. The costs related to our franchise agreement are not significant.
Litigation

11

We are currently involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including claims resulting from employment related matters. None of these claims, most of which are covered by insurance, has had a material effect on us, and as of the date of this report, we are not party to any material pending legal proceedings and are not aware of any claims that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, a significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in amounts owing under successful claims could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

12

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our 2017 Form 10-K.
In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions set forth under the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Forward-Looking Statements" as filed in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Overview
Zoës Kitchen is a growing, fast-casual restaurant concept serving a distinct menu of fresh, wholesome, Mediterranean-inspired dishes delivered with warm hospitality. Founded in 1995 in Birmingham, Alabama, Zoës Kitchen has never wavered from our commitment to make our food fresh daily and to serve our customers in a warm and welcoming environment.
Growth Strategies and Outlook
We plan to execute the following strategies to continue to enhance our brand awareness and grow our revenue and achieve profitability:
•
increase our comparable restaurant sales;
•
enhance our operations and leverage infrastructure; and
•
grow our restaurant base

We have expanded our restaurant base from 21 restaurants in seven states in 2008 to 254 restaurants in 20 states as of April 16, 2018 , including three franchise restaurants. We opened 11 Company-owned restaurants during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 . We plan to open approximately 25 restaurants in fiscal year 2018 , including the restaurants opened in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 .
During 2017 and continuing into 2018, the restaurant industry has faced numerous challenges that negatively impacted the financial performance of many fast casual restaurant chains. These challenges were based upon a number of factors such as increased competition, heavy discounting, increased labor costs, and the influence of technology and delivery on customer spending, among others. In response to these challenges, we have undertaken a number of significant initiatives which we expect to help us drive sales and customer traffic and to improve the guest experience in our restaurants. We are continuing to innovate our menu, make investments in technology, improve operational efficiencies, and invest further in our capabilities to meet the off-premise dining demand through delivery and catering. Our ability to execute these initiatives will continue to serve as key areas of our focus in addressing these challenging fast casual restaurant sector conditions. There can be no assurance that our strategies and initiatives will be successful solutions to the current challenges.
In addition, we are taking a number of strategic actions to seek to improve operations and financial performance.  We will slow our growth by adjusting our new restaurant plan for 2018 through 2019 to approximately 35 total restaurants.  We are evaluating under-performing restaurants. As part of our evaluation we will likely incur asset impairment, severance and lease termination charges and such charges could be material. The net book value of assets being evaluated is $18.0 million. We will reduce general and administrative expenses by reallocating resources towards sales driving tactics and reducing infrastructure in other areas. We also expect to increase our marketing investment, which we believe will increase brand awareness and add to transactions. While we will continue to examine our growth strategies for the purpose of maximizing shareholder value for the long term, there can be no assurance that any of these actions will improve our financial performance.

13

Key Measures We Use to Evaluate Our Performance
In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures. The key measures used by our management for determining how our business is performing are restaurant sales, comparable restaurant sales growth, number of new restaurant openings, restaurant contribution, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.
Restaurant Sales
Restaurant sales represents sales of food and beverages in Company-owned restaurants. Several factors affect our restaurant sales in any given period, including the number of restaurants in operation and per restaurant sales.
Comparable Restaurant Sales Growth
Comparable restaurant sales refers to year-over-year sales comparisons for the comparable Company-owned restaurant base. We define the comparable restaurant base to include those restaurants open for 18 fiscal periods or longer. Each fiscal period consists of 28 days. As of April 16, 2018 and April 17, 2017 , there were 199 and 161 restaurants, respectively, in our comparable Company-owned restaurant base. This measure highlights performance of existing restaurants, as the impact of new Company-owned restaurant openings is excluded.
Comparable restaurant sales growth is generated by an increase in transactions or changes in per customer spend. Per customer spend can be influenced by changes in menu prices and/or the mix and number of items sold per check.
Measuring our comparable restaurant sales allows us to evaluate the performance of our existing restaurant base. Various factors impact comparable restaurant sales, including:
•
consumer recognition of our brand and our ability to respond to changing consumer preferences;
•
overall economic trends, particularly those related to consumer spending;
•
our ability to operate restaurants effectively and efficiently to meet consumer expectations;
•
pricing;
•
customer traffic;
•
per-customer spend and average check amount;
•
marketing and promotional efforts;
•
local competition;
•
trade area dynamics;
•
introduction of new menu items; and
•
opening of new restaurants in the vicinity of existing locations.

Consistent with common industry practice, we present comparable restaurant sales on a fiscal year basis that aligns current year sales weeks with comparable periods in the prior year, regardless of whether they belong to the same calendar period or not. Since opening new Company-owned restaurants will be a significant component of our revenue growth, comparable restaurant sales is only one measure of how we evaluate our performance.

14

Number of New Restaurant Openings
The number of Company-owned restaurant openings reflects the number of restaurants opened during a particular reporting period. Before we open new Company-owned restaurants, we incur pre-opening costs. Some of our restaurants open with an initial start-up period of higher than normal sales volumes, which subsequently decrease to stabilized levels. Typically, our new restaurants have stabilized sales after approximately 12 to 24 weeks of operation, at which time the restaurant's sales typically begin to grow on a consistent basis. In new markets, the length of time before average sales for new restaurants stabilize is less predictable and can be longer as a result of our limited knowledge of these markets and consumers' limited awareness of our brand. New restaurants may not be profitable, and their sales performance may not follow historical patterns. The number and timing of restaurant openings has had, and is expected to continue to have, an impact on our results of operations.
The following table shows the growth in our Company-owned and franchise restaurant base:
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16, 2018
 
April 17, 2017
Company-owned Restaurant Base
 
 
 
 
Beginning of period
 
240

 
201

Openings
 
11

 
10

Restaurants at end of period
 
251

 
211

Franchise Restaurant Base
 


 


Beginning of period
 
3

 
3

Restaurants at end of period
 
3

 
3

Total restaurants
 
254

 
214


Key Financial Definitions
Restaurant sales .    Restaurant sales represent sales of food and beverages in Company-owned restaurants, net of promotional allowances and employee meals. Restaurant sales in a given period are directly impacted by the number of operating weeks in the period, the number of restaurants we operate and comparable restaurant sales growth.
Royalty fees. Royalty fees represent royalty income from the three franchised restaurants.
Cost of sales.     Cost of sales consists primarily of food, beverage and packaging costs. The components of cost of sales are variable in nature, change with sales volume and are influenced by menu mix and subject to increases or decreases based on fluctuations in commodity costs.
Labor.     Labor includes all restaurant-level management and hourly labor costs, including salaries, wages, benefits and bonuses, payroll taxes and other indirect labor costs.
Store operating expenses.     Store operating expenses include all other restaurant-level operating expenses, such as supplies, utilities, repairs and maintenance, travel costs, credit card fees, recruiting, delivery service, restaurant-level marketing costs, security and occupancy expenses.
General and administrative expenses.     General and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and regional functions that support the development and operations of restaurants, including compensation and benefits, travel expenses, stock compensation costs, legal and professional fees, information systems, corporate office rent and other related corporate costs.
Depreciation.     Depreciation consists of depreciation of fixed assets, including equipment and capitalized leasehold improvements.

15

Amortization.     Amortization consists of amortization of certain intangible assets including trademarks, reacquired rights and favorable leases.
Pre-opening costs.     Pre-opening costs consist of expenses incurred prior to opening a new restaurant and are made up primarily of manager salaries, relocation costs, supplies, recruiting expenses, employee payroll and training costs. Pre-opening costs also include occupancy costs recorded during the period between date of possession and the restaurant's opening date.
Loss from disposal of equipment.     Loss from disposal of equipment is composed of the loss on disposal of assets related to retirements and replacements of leasehold improvements or equipment. These losses are related to normal disposals in the ordinary course of business, along with disposals related to selected restaurant remodeling activities.
Interest expense, net.     Interest expense includes cash and imputed non-cash charges related to our deemed landlord financing, non-cash charges related to our residual value obligations, amortization of debt issue costs as well as cash payments and accrued charges related to our 2017 Credit Facility.
Provision for income taxes.     Provision for income taxes represents federal, state and local current and deferred income tax expense.

16

Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of our total revenue, except for the components of restaurant operating costs, which are expressed as a percentage of restaurant sales.
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
Restaurant sales
 
100.0
 %
 
99.9
 %
Royalty fees
 
0.0
 %
 
0.1
 %
Total revenue
 
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization) (1) :
Cost of sales
 
29.1
 %
 
29.3
 %
Labor
 
31.9
 %
 
29.8
 %
Store operating expenses
 
22.8
 %
 
21.0
 %
General and administrative expenses
 
10.8
 %
 
11.0
 %
Depreciation
 
6.2
 %
 
5.6
 %
Amortization
 
0.4
 %
 
0.5
 %
Pre-opening costs
 
0.5
 %
 
0.6
 %
Loss from disposal of equipment
 
0.2
 %
 
0.3
 %
Total operating expenses
 
101.8
 %
 
98.1
 %
Income (loss) from operations
 
(1.8)
 %
 
1.9
 %
Other income and expenses:
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
 
1.6
 %
 
1.5
 %
Other income
 
(0.0
)%
 
(0.0
)%
Total other income and expenses
 
1.6
 %
 
1.5
 %
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
 
(3.3)
 %
 
0.4
 %
Provision for income taxes
 
0.2
 %
 
0.4
 %
Net income (loss)
 
(3.5)
 %
 
0.0
 %
 
 
 
 
 
(1) As a percentage of restaurant sales.


17

Sixteen Weeks Ended April 16, 2018 compared to Sixteen Weeks Ended April 17, 2017
The following table presents selected consolidated comparative results of operations from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 :
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
 
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
 
Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
Dollars
 
Percentage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restaurant sales
 
$
102,029

 
$
90,504

 
$
11,525

 
12.7
 %
Royalty fees
 
45

 
57

 
(12
)
 
(21.1
)%
Total revenue
 
102,074

 
90,561

 
11,513

 
12.7
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization):
Cost of sales
 
29,736

 
26,496

 
3,240

 
12.2
 %
Labor
 
32,512

 
26,952

 
5,560

 
20.6
 %
Store operating expenses
 
23,257

 
19,049

 
4,208

 
22.1
 %
General and administrative expenses
 
10,992

 
9,985

 
1,007

 
10.1
 %
Depreciation
 
6,340

 
5,052

 
1,288

 
25.5
 %
Amortization
 
358

 
489

 
(131
)
 
(26.8
)%
Pre-opening costs
 
523

 
567

 
(44
)
 
(7.8
)%
Loss from disposal of equipment
 
158

 
259

 
(101
)
 
(39.0
)%
Total operating expenses
 
103,876

 
88,849

 
15,027

 
16.9
 %
Income (loss) from operations
 
(1,802
)
 
1,712

 
(3,514
)
 
(205.3
)%
Other income and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
 
1,623

 
1,368

 
255

 
18.6
 %
Other income
 
(27
)
 
(29
)
 
2

 
(6.9
)%
Total other income and expenses
 
1,596

 
1,339

 
257

 
19.2
 %
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
 
(3,398
)
 
373

 
(3,771
)
 
*

Provision for income taxes
 
221

 
354

 
(133
)
 
(37.6
)%
Net income (loss)
 
$
(3,619
)
 
$
19

 
$
(3,638
)
 
*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Not meaningful
Restaurant sales.     The following table summarizes the growth in restaurant sales from the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Net Sales
Restaurant sales for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017
 
$
90,504

Incremental restaurant sales increase due to:
 
 
Comparable restaurant sales
 
(2,002
)
Restaurants not in comparable restaurant base
 
13,527

Restaurant sales for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018
 
$
102,029


18

Restaurant sales increased by $11.5 million , or 12.7% , in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . Restaurants not in the comparable restaurant base and other sales accounted for $13.5 million of this increase. Comparable restaurant sales decreased $2.0 million , or 2.3% , in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 , comprised primarily of a 4.4% decrease in transactions and product mix offset by a 2.1% increase in price.
Royalty fees.     Royalty fees remained flat in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 .
Cost of sales.     Cost of sales increased $3.2 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , due primarily to the increase in restaurant sales. As a percentage of restaurant sales, cost of sales decreased from 29.3% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 29.1% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 . This decrease was primarily driven by lower costs in bread and dry goods partially offset by higher costs in seafood, refrigerated goods and frozen goods.
Labor.     Labor increased by $5.6 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , due primarily to opening 40 new Company-owned restaurants. As a percentage of restaurant sales, labor increased from 29.8% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 31.9% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 . The increase was primarily driven by the dilutive effect on margins from our newest restaurants which, on average, initially operate at less than system-wide average sales volumes as well as an increase in wage rates.
Store operating expenses.     Store operating expenses increased by $4.2 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , due primarily to opening 40 new Company-owned restaurants. As a percentage of restaurant sales, store operating expense increased from 21.0% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 22.8% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 . This increase was primarily attributable to the dilutive effect on margins from our newest restaurants, which, on average, initially operate at less than system-wide average sales volumes as well as increased costs related to marketing.
General and administrative expenses.     General and administrative expenses increased by $1.0 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased from 11.0% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 10.8% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 . The decrease was primarily driven by lower variable incentive compensation.
Depreciation.     Depreciation increased by $1.3 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , due primarily to opening 40 new Company-owned restaurants. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation increased from 5.6% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 6.2% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 primarily due to corporate and in-store technology investments which typically have shorter useful lives.
Amortization.     Amortization decreased by $0.1 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . The decrease was due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in the prior year.
Pre-opening costs.     Pre-opening costs remained flat in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . As a percent of revenue, pre-opening costs decreased from 0.6% in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 to 0.5% in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 .
Interest expense.     Interest expense increased by $0.3 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , due primarily to increased interest from deemed landlord financing and increased borrowings on our 2017 Credit Facility.

19

Provision for income taxes.     Provision for income taxes was $0.2 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 compared to $0.4 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . Our tax expense for the year typically remains relatively constant as it primarily reflects the accrual of income tax expense related to a valuation allowance in connection with the tax amortization of the Company’s goodwill that was not available to offset existing deferred tax assets. Due to the uncertain timing of the reversal of this temporary difference, it cannot be considered as a source of future taxable income for purposes of determining a valuation allowance; therefore the deferred tax liability cannot offset deferred tax assets. The comparison of our effective tax rate between periods is significantly impacted by the level of pre-tax income earned and projected for the year.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, the Company uses the following non-GAAP financial measures: restaurant contribution, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA(collectively, the "non-GAAP financial measures"). The presentation of this financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company uses these non-GAAP financial measures for financial and operational decision making and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. The Company believes that they provide useful information about operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects, and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision making. The non-GAAP measures used by the Company may be different from the methods used by other companies.
Restaurant Contribution
Restaurant contribution is defined as restaurant sales less restaurant operating costs, which are cost of sales, labor and store operating expenses. Restaurant contribution margin is restaurant contribution as a percentage of restaurant sales. When used in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin are supplemental measures that we believe are useful in evaluating operating performance and profitability of our restaurants. Additionally, restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin are key metrics used internally by our management to develop budgets and forecast, as well as assess the performance of our restaurants relative to budget and against prior periods. We believe the supplemental presentation of restaurant and restaurant contribution margin provides investors with a meaningful view of our operating performance as these measures depict the operating results that are directly impacted by our restaurants and exclude items that may not be indicative of, or are unrelated to, the ongoing operations of our restaurants. It may also assist investors to evaluate our performance relative to peers of various sizes and maturities and provide greater transparency to how our management evaluates our business as well as our financial and operational decision making.
Our management does not consider restaurant contribution or restaurant contribution margin in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in the Company's financial statements. Restaurant contribution excludes general and administrative expenses and pre-opening costs, which are considered normal, recurring cash operating expenses and are essential to support the operation and development of our restaurants. Therefore, this measure may not provide a complete understanding of the operating results of our Company as a whole.
We compensate for this limitation by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin only supplementally. You should review the reconciliation of income from operations to restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

20

The following table reconciles income (loss) from operations, which is a GAAP financial measure, to restaurant contribution and restaurant contribution margin:
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Restaurant Contribution:
Income (loss) from operations
 
$
(1,802
)
 
$
1,712

Less:
 
 
 
 
Royalty fees
 
45

 
57

Add:
 
 
 
 
General and administrative expenses
 
10,992

 
9,985

Depreciation and amortization
 
6,698

 
5,541

Pre-opening costs (1)
 
523

 
567

Loss from disposal of equipment
 
158

 
259

Restaurant Contribution
 
$
16,524

 
$
18,007

 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
 
$
102,074

 
$
90,561

Less: Royalty fees
 
45

 
57

Restaurant sales
 
$
102,029

 
$
90,504

 
 
 
 
 
Restaurant contribution margin
 
16.2
%
 
19.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Represent expenses directly associated with the opening of new restaurants that are incurred prior to opening, including pre-opening rent.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest, income taxes and depreciation and amortization.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus loss from disposal of equipment and pre-opening costs. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are intended as a supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and operating results. Our management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (i) as a factor in evaluating management's performance when determining incentive compensation and (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies.
We believe that the use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing the Company's financial measures with other fast casual restaurants, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. In addition, you should be aware when evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies do not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion.

21

Our management does not consider EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in the Company's financial statements. Some of these limitations are:
•
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts;
•
although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;
•
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; and
•
other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA only supplementally. You should review the reconciliation of net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16,
2018
 
April 17,
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Adjusted EBITDA:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss), as reported
 
$
(3,619
)
 
$
19

Depreciation and amortization
 
6,698

 
5,541

Interest expense, net
 
1,623

 
1,368

Provision for income taxes
 
221

 
354

EBITDA
 
4,923

 
7,282

Pre-opening costs (1)
 
523

 
567

Loss from disposal of equipment
 
158

 
259

Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
5,604

 
$
8,108

 
 
 
 
 
(1) Represents expenses directly associated with the opening of new restaurants that are incurred prior to opening, including pre-opening rent.

22

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Summary of Cash Flows
Our primary sources of liquidity and cash flows are operating cash flows and available borrowings under our 2017 Credit Facility. We are using these sources to fund capital expenditures for new Company-owned restaurant openings, reinvest in our existing restaurants, invest in infrastructure and information technology and maintain working capital. Our working capital position benefits from the fact that we generally collect cash from sales to customers the same day, or in the case of credit or debit card transactions, within several days of the related sale, and we typically have at least 20 days to pay our vendors.
We had negative working capital of $10.9 million as of April 16, 2018 compared to negative working capital of $11.3 million as of December 25, 2017 . The decrease in negative working capital resulted primarily from draws on our 2017 Credit Facility as well as timing of annual invoices reflected in prepaid expenses. We believe that cash and cash equivalents, expected cash flow from operations and available borrowings on our 2017 Credit Facility are adequate to fund our operating lease obligations, capital expenditures and working capital obligations for the next 12 months. However, our ability to continue to meet these requirements and obligations will depend on, among other things, our ability to achieve anticipated levels of revenue and cash flow from operations and our ability to manage costs and working capital successfully.
The following table summarizes consolidated cash flow data for the periods indicated:
 
 
Sixteen Weeks Ended
 
 
April 16, 2018
 
April 17, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data:
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
7,987

 
$
10,633

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(10,580
)
 
(13,217
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
4,020

 
121

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $8.0 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 from $10.6 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . Net cash provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income, adjusted for non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, and the net change in operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 consisted primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash expenses and increases in deferred rent offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other. The increase in deferred rent is related to new store openings. The increase in prepaid expenses and other is primarily related to the timing of several annual corporate invoices and prepaid rent.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased to $10.6 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 from $13.2 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 . The decrease was primarily due to higher spending in 2017 related to technology investments.
Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities increased to $4.0 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 from $0.1 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2017 , primarily due to borrowings on our 2017 Credit Facility.

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Credit Facility
On November 7, 2017, we entered into the 2017 Credit Facility with JPMorganChase Bank, National Association as administrative agent. The 2017 Credit Facility consists of a revolving loan commitment in the aggregate amount of  $50.0 million , together with an incremental revolving credit commitment up to an aggregate amount of  $25.0 million . The 2017 Credit Facility has a  five year term and matures on November 7, 2022. As of April 16, 2018 , we had  $16.5 million  of indebtedness under the 2017 Credit Facility.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of April 16, 2018 , we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of operating results and financial condition are based upon our financial statements. The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. Our critical accounting policies are those that materially affect our financial statements and involve difficult, subjective or complex judgments by management. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may be materially different from the estimates.
We believe our critical accounting policies are affected by significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and that the judgments and estimates are reasonable. Our critical accounting polices and estimates are described in our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes in our 2017 Form 10-K. Including consideration of adopting the new revenue recognition and cash flow standards, there have been no material changes affecting our critical accounting policies and estimates for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2018 .



24

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations of interest rates on our investments and debt, as applicable. Changes in interest rates affect the interest income we earn, and therefore impact our cash flows and results of operations.
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to commodity price risks. Many of the ingredients we use to prepare our food, as well as our packaging materials, are commodities or ingredients that are affected by the price of other commodities, exchange rates, foreign demand, weather, seasonality, production, availability and other factors outside our control. We work closely with our suppliers and use a mix of forward pricing protocols under which we agree with our supplier on fixed prices for deliveries at some time in the future, fixed pricing protocols under which we agree on a fixed price with our supplier for the duration of that protocol, and formula pricing protocols under which the prices we pay are based on a specified formula related to the prices of the goods, such as spot prices. However, a majority of the dollar value of goods purchased by us is effectively at spot prices. Generally our pricing protocols with suppliers can remain in effect for periods ranging from one to 18 months, depending on the outlook for prices of the particular ingredient. We have tried to increase, where necessary, the number of suppliers for our ingredients, which we believe can help mitigate pricing volatility, and we follow industry news, trade issues, exchange rates, weather, crises and other world events that may affect our ingredient prices. Increases in ingredient prices could adversely affect our results if we choose for competitive or other reasons not to increase menu prices at the same rate at which ingredient costs increase, or if menu price increases result in customer resistance.
Inflation
The primary inflationary factors affecting our operations are food, labor costs, energy costs and materials used in the construction of new restaurants. Increases in the minimum wage directly affect our labor costs. Many of our leases require us to pay taxes, maintenance, repairs, insurance and utilities, all of which are generally subject to inflationary increases. Finally, the cost of constructing our restaurants is subject to inflationary increases in the costs of labor and material. Over the past five years, inflation has not significantly affected our operating results.


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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of  April 16, 2018 , the Company's management carried out an evaluation with the participation of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to file under the Exchange Act is recorded and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended April 16, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.






26

Part II - Other Information


Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 25, 2017.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

On  April 20, 2018, we adopted the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan. Pursuant to our Board’s recommendation, we have submitted this Plan to our stockholders for approval at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 14, 2018. For a summary of the this Plan and a complete copy of it, please refer to our Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 24, 2018.
On May 24, 2018, we entered into the following agreements: 
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with our CEO, Kevin Miles, which restates and supersedes in its entirety the prior Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated May 24, 2017, between us and Mr. Miles. Pursuant to this new Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, certain modifications were made to the definition of “good reason,” among other immaterial administrative and conforming changes. 
Amended and Restated Severance Agreement with our CFO, Sunil Doshi, which restates and supersedes in its entirely the Amended Severance Agreement dated February 25, 2016, between us and Mr. Doshi.  Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Severance Agreement, the terms of his severance were modified to provide for acceleration of any unvested equity upon any termination “without cause” or for “good reason” (as such terms are defined in the Agreement), among other immaterial administrative and conforming changes.
Amended and Restated Management Severance Plan, which makes solely conforming changes to the definition of “good reason” (as it applies to our CEO) based on changes referenced above.  This Amended and Restated Management Severance Plan restates and supersedes our 2016 Management Severance Program, as amended on May 24, 2017.
The foregoing summaries of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, the Amended and Restated Severance Agreement and the Amended and Restated Management Severance Plan do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entireties by the full text of such agreements, copies of which are filed herewith as Exhibits 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3, respectively.


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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number
 
Description of Exhibit
10.1

 
10.2

 
10.3

 
31.1

 
31.2

 
32.1*

 
101.INS

 
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH

 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL

 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF

 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB

 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE

 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*  This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.




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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934. the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 24, 2018

ZOE'S KITCHEN, INC.

By:
/s/ Kevin Miles
 
Name: Kevin Miles
 
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer


By:
/s/ Sunil Doshi
 
Name: Sunil Doshi
 
Title: Chief Financial Officer


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