XL XL Fleet Corp

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business: XL Fleet Corp. and its subsidiaries (“XL Fleet” or the “Company”) is a provider of fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America, offering solutions for vehicle electrification (“Drivetrain”) and energy efficiency infrastructure solutions (“XL Grid”).

COVID-19 Worldwide Pandemic: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures. Since then, extraordinary actions have been taken by international, federal, state, and local public health and governmental authorities to contain and combat the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 in regions throughout the world. These actions include travel bans, quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, and similar mandates for many individuals to substantially restrict daily activities and for many businesses to curtail or cease normal operations.

The Company has experienced, and may experience in the future, reduced operations and production line shutdowns at vehicle OEMs due to COVID-19, limitations on travel by the Company’s personnel and personnel of the Company’s customers, and future delays or shutdowns of vehicle OEMs or the Company’s suppliers.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the protocols and procedures the Company has implemented in response to the pandemic have caused some delays in operational activities. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and results of operations subsequent to March 31, 2022 will depend on future developments, such as the ultimate duration and scope of the outbreak and its impact on its operations and impact on its customers and industry partners.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities, for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. The Company reports its consolidated financial information under two operating reportable segments: (i) Drivetrain and (ii) XL Grid. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve inventory reserves, deferred income taxes, warranty reserves, valuation of share-based compensation, the valuation of warrant liability, and the valuation of business combinations, including the fair values and useful lives of acquired assets and assumed liabilities and the fair value of purchase consideration. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk: Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and trade receivables. At times, such cash may be in excess of the FDIC limit. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had cash deposited in a financial institution in excess of the $250 federally insured limit. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.

With respect to trade receivables, the Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, as a consequence, believes that the receivable credit risk exposure is limited. As of March 31, 2022, two customers accounted for approximately 38% and 37% of accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2021, two customers accounted for approximately 74% and 11% of accounts receivable, net.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, two customers and three customers accounted for approximately 88% and 79% of revenues, respectively.

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash: Restricted cash held at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consists of $150 for a bank deposit required for a letter of credit which is reserved for the Company’s California lease.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Accounts receivable, net: Accounts receivable are stated at the gross invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for potential account losses on the balance based on management’s evaluation of the anticipated impact of current economic conditions, changes in the character and size of the balance, past and expected future loss experience, among other pertinent factors. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was $158 and $148 respectively.

Inventory, net: Inventory is comprised of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of raw material inventories include the purchase and related costs incurred in bringing the products to their present location and condition. The Company uses consistent methodologies to evaluate inventory for net realizable value and periodically reviews inventories for obsolescence and any inventories identified as slow moving or obsolete are initially reserved for and then written-off. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s inventory reserve for obsolescence was $4,349 and $2,863, respectively. The increase in the inventory reserve at March 31, 2022 reflects the restructuring undertaken and the related products that were eliminated.

Property and equipment, net: Property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, or if acquired in a business combination, at fair value as of the date of acquisition. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the statement of operations as a component of other (expense) income, net. 

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $218 and $103, respectively.

Intangible assets, net: Intangible assets are initially recorded at fair value and stated net of accumulated amortization and impairments. The Company amortizes its intangible assets that have finite lives using either the straight-line method, or if reliably determinable, based on the pattern in which the economic benefit of the asset is expected to be utilized. Amortization is recorded over the estimated useful lives, which for developed technology is 4 years. The Company evaluates the recoverability of its definite lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances or business conditions indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable based on expectations of future undiscounted cash flows for each asset group. If the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds its undiscounted cash flows, the Company estimates the fair value of the assets, generally utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis based on the present value of estimated future cash flows to be generated by the assets using a risk-adjusted discount rate. To estimate the fair value of the assets, the Company uses market participant assumptions pursuant to ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement.

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $226 and $116, respectively.

Fair value measurements: The Company follows the guidance in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for its financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and non-financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at least annually.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s judgment about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

See Note 10 for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, contingent consideration liability, long-term debt and warrant liability. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets: Prepaid expenses and other current assets include prepaid insurance, prepaid rent, and supplies, which are expected to be recognized or realized within the next 12 months.

Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment and, intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analysis in accordance with ASC 360-10, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. As of March 31, 2022, the Company noted indicators that the carrying amount of its long-lived assets may not be recoverable. These indicators included significant operating losses and reduced market capitalization of the Company due to a decline in its stock price. The Company performed a test for impairment using estimated cash flows and determined that no impairment had occurred.

Impairment of goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair market value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is annually tested for impairment, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has recorded goodwill in connection with its historical business acquisitions.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment assessment at October 1 each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances arise which indicate that goodwill may be impaired. An assessment can be performed by first completing a qualitative assessment on the Company’s single reporting unit. The Company can also bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test, and then resume the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. Qualitative indicators that may trigger the need for annual or interim quantitative impairment testing include, among other things, deterioration in macroeconomic conditions, declining financial performance, deterioration in the operational environment, or an expectation of selling or disposing of a portion of the reporting unit. Additionally, a significant change in business climate, a loss of a significant customer, increased competition, a sustained decrease in share price, or a decrease in estimated fair value below book value may trigger the need for interim impairment testing of goodwill.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

If the Company believes that, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. The quantitative test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recorded as a reduction to goodwill with a corresponding charge to earnings in the period the goodwill is determined to be impaired. The income tax effect associated with an impairment of tax-deductible goodwill is also considered in the measurement of the goodwill impairment. Any goodwill impairment is limited to the total amount of goodwill.

The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit using the market approach. Under the market approach method, the Company compared its book value to the fair value of its public float, utilizing the fair value of its common stock on the measurement date.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company believed there were indicators that the carrying amount of its goodwill may be impaired due to a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization. As a result, the Company performed an assessment of its goodwill for impairment. The Company elected to forego the qualitative test and proceeded to perform a quantitative test. The Company compared the book value of its single reporting unit to the fair value of its public float. The market capitalization was below the fair value of the Company by an amount in excess of its reported value of goodwill. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $8,606 to fully impair its goodwill.

Revenue: The Company’s revenue is derived from the sales of hybrid electric powertrain systems, the Drivetrain business, and turnkey energy efficiency, renewable technology, and other energy solutions (the Company’s “XL Grid” business). The Drivetrain products are marketed and sold to end-user fleet customers and channel partners in the United States and Canada. The Company’s XL Grid solutions are marketed and sold to municipalities, corporations and other businesses and principally funded through energy incentives provided through public and private utilities. The XL Grid business primarily consists of the operations acquired through the May 2021 World Energy acquisition. Sales of products and services are subject to economic conditions and may fluctuate based on changes in the industry, trade policies, financial markets, and funded energy incentives.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer, which occurs when the Company has a present right to payment, legal title has passed to the customer, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership, and where acceptance is not a formality, the customer has accepted the product or service.

For the Drivetrain products, in general, transfer of control is upon shipment of the equipment as the terms are FOB shipping point or equivalent, as the Company has no other promised goods or services in its contracts with customers. In limited instances, the Company provides installation services to end-user fleet customers related to the purchased hybrid electric powertrain equipment. When provided, these installation services are not distinct within the context of the contract due to the fact that the end-use fleet customer is purchasing a completed modification to its vehicles and therefore, the installation services involve significant integration to integrate the hybrid electric powertrain equipment with the customer’s vehicle. As a result, the hybrid electric powertrain equipment and installation services represent a single performance obligation within these contracts with customers. The Company recognizes the revenue for the equipment sale and installation service for Drivetrain products at the same time, which is after the installation is complete. The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling activities related to contracts with channel partner customers for Drivetrain products as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated equipment and not as a separate performance obligation.

For the XL Grid solutions, in general, transfer of control is upon the acceptance and certification of project completion by both the end customer and the utility who is funding the energy incentives, representing a single performance obligation of the Company. Due to the short-term nature of projects (typically two to three weeks), the Company recognizes revenues from all XL Grid solutions activities at a point in time, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable and the Company has the right to payment for the transferred asset. The Company also assesses multiple contracts entered into by the same customer in close proximity to determine if the contracts should be combined for revenue recognition purposes. During the duration of a project for XL Grid solutions, all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to the project are capitalized, and customer deposits are treated as liabilities. Once a project has been completed and the energy efficiency upgrades have been deemed to meet client specifications, capitalized costs are charged to earnings.

For both Drivetrain and XL Grid solutions, when the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations, which is infrequent, the contract transaction price is allocated on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis to each performance obligation. The Company determines SSP based on observable selling prices for the sale of its systems. For extended warranties, the Company determines SSP based on expected cost plus margin. The Company establishes the margin based on review of market conditions and margins obtained by market participants for similar services. Any allocation of the transaction price required is determined at the contracts’ inception.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. Revenue is recorded based on the transaction price, which is solely made up of fixed consideration for its products and services. The Company does not adjust transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company has not identified any significant financing components to date. The Company’s sales can in certain instances include non-cash consideration in the form of the customer transferring to the Company, the customer’s rights to cash incentives from programs administered by municipalities related to hybrid vehicle programs that a customer is entitled to as a result of its purchase. The incentives are fixed amounts that are readily determinable. The Company values the non-cash consideration at its fair value, which generally is the amount of the incentive.

Payment terms on invoices generally range from 30 to 60 days. The Company excludes from revenue any sales tax and other government-assessed and imposed taxes on revenue generating activities that are invoiced to customers.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense costs to obtain contracts, which principally relate to sales commissions, at the time the liability is incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less.

Warranties: Customers who purchase Drivetrain products are provided limited-assurance-type warranties for equipment and work performed under the contracts. The warranty period typically extends for 3 years following transfer of control of the equipment. The warranties solely relate to correction of product defects during the warranty period, which is consistent with similar warranties offered by competitors. Therefore, the Company has determined that these warranties are outside the scope of ASC 606 and will continue to be accounted for under ASC 460, Guarantees. At the time of purchase of the equipment, customers may purchase from the Company an extended warranty for its equipment. The extended warranty commences upon the end of the assurance-based warranty period and is considered a separate performance obligation that represents a stand-ready obligation to perform warranty services after the assurance-type warranty expires. The transaction price allocated to the extended warranty is recognized ratably over the extended warranty period.

Customers of XL Grid solutions are provided limited-assurance-type warranties for a term of one year for installation work performed under its contracts. Warranties for equipment sold to customers are provided by the original equipment manufacturers.

For both Drivetrain and XL Grid solutions, the Company accrues the estimated cost of product warranties for unclaimed charges based on historical experiences and expected results. Should product failure rates and material usage costs differ from these estimated revisions to the estimated warranty liability are required. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded product warranty liabilities and adjusts the balances as required. Warranty expense is recorded as a component of cost of product revenue in the statements of operations.

The following is a roll-forward of the Company’s accrued warranty liability:

The warranty liability is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Share-based compensation: The Company accounts for its share-based compensation awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. The Company issues stock-based awards to acquire common stock to employees, directors and non-employee consultants. Awards issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans include stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. Stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards typically contain service based vesting conditions.

Stock Options

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based awards and recognizes the compensation cost on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the awards for employees, which is typically the four-year vesting period of the award, and effective contract period specified in the award agreement for non-employees.

The fair value of common stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange at each award grant date.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk- free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company does not have a history of trading in its common stock as it was not a public company until December 21, 2020, and as such volatility was estimated using historical volatilities of comparable public entities. The expected life of the awards is estimated based on a simplified method, which uses the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected life of the awards. The dividend yield assumption is based on history and expectation of paying no dividends. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The fair value of stock options issued for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was measured with the following assumptions:

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest over the requisite service periods (vesting on a straight–line basis). The fair value of a restricted stock unit award is equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s Common stock on the grant date. The Company accounts for the forfeiture of equity awards as they occur.

Warrant Liabilities: The Company evaluated the Private Warrants (“Private Warrants”) in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and concluded that a provision in the Warrant Agreement related to such warrants (“Warrant Agreement”) related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the Warrants from being accounted for as components of equity. As the Warrants met the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815, the Warrants were initially recorded at fair value as derivative liabilities on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, with changes in fair value recognized in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period of change.

Segment Reporting: ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments, and major customers in its condensed consolidated financial statements. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), reorganized the Company, for the management of resource allocations and measurement of performance, into two operating and reportable segments: (i) Drivetrain and (ii) XL Grid.

Research and development expense: Research and development costs did not meet the requirements to be recognized as an asset as the associated future benefits were at best uncertain and there was no alternative future use at the time the costs were incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries, benefits, facilities, research- related overhead, sponsored research costs, contracted services, license fees, and other external costs.

Net income (loss) per share: Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period determined using the treasury-stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the diluted income (loss) per share calculation, stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Related parties: A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments, (ASU 2016-13”)which, together with subsequent amendments, amends the requirement on the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held to replace the incurred loss model for financial assets measured at amortized cost and require entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This ASU clarifies the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (i.e. warrants) so that the transaction should be treated as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. This standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Business Combination

World Energy

On May 17, 2021, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of World Energy, a privately-held, Massachusetts-based entity, and retained its principals and all of its employees. World Energy is a direct-install energy efficiency services company (“ESCO”), serving commercial, industrial and institutional customers as well as offering solar and electric vehicle charging solutions. World Energy enables utilities to meet their energy savings mandates by developing and executing energy efficiency projects. The acquisition of World Energy expanded the Company’s ability to deliver a comprehensive suite of energy savings services that enhances XL Grid’s solutions portfolio to include commercial and industrial EV charging, solar, and energy management services.

In March 2022, pursuant to the definitive acquisition agreement, the Company paid contingent consideration of $1,000 to the sellers pursuant to World Energy’s achievement, for the calendar year 2021, of minimum annual revenues of $19,500.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of the operations of XL Fleet and World Energy as if the acquisition of World Energy had occurred as of January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition been completed on January 1, 2021. This unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

Since the acquisition occurred on May 17, 2021, the results of the acquisition are fully incorporated into the condensed consolidated financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The following table presents the Company’s pro forma combined results of operations of XL Fleet and World Energy for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as if the acquisition of World Energy had occurred as of January 1, 2021:

The above pro forma information includes a pro forma adjustment to eliminate interest expense associated with debt that was repaid in the acquisition of World Energy of $21 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Note 4. Settlement of Contingent Consideration Quantum

On October 4, 2019, pursuant to the terms of an asset purchase agreement, the Company acquired certain assets of Quantum Fuel Systems, LLC (“Quantum”) The purchase consideration included deferred payments or share issuances upon certain milestones being met.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 4. Settlement of Contingent Consideration Quantum, continued

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the remaining final payments were made to the sellers of Quantum as follows pursuant to the asset purchase agreement:

Note 5. Revenue

The following table represents the Company’s revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, disaggregated, by sales channel.

Disaggregation of revenue:

Remaining performance obligations: At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was approximately $233 and $237 in deferred revenue related to unsatisfied extended warranty performance obligations, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $4 from the December 31, 2021 deferred revenue balance.

Contract Balances: The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed trade accounts receivable, and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company defers certain costs incurred to obtain a contract (contract costs).

Costs to obtain a contract: Sales commissions paid to internal sales personnel, as well as associated payroll taxes and retirement plan contributions (together, sales commissions and associated costs) that are incremental to the acquisition of customer contracts, are capitalized as contract acquisition cost on the balance sheet when the period of benefit is determined to be greater than one year. In instances where an extended warranty is sold, the period of benefit would extend beyond 12 months and therefore, the practical expedient would not be met for those contracts and require capitalization of the related costs to obtain those contracts. The Company has elected to allocate the capitalized commissions to performance obligations on a relative basis (i.e., in proportion to the transaction price allocated to each performance obligation) to determine the period of amortization. As a result, substantially all of the commission is allocated to the combined equipment and installation performance obligation and is amortized upon transfer of control of this performance obligation, which typically occurs in the same period in which commission liability is incurred. Total commission expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $278 and $256, respectively. There were no capitalized commissions as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 6. Purchase of Convertible Note 

On July 15, 2021, XL Fleet made an investment of $3,000 into eNow, a developer of solar and battery power systems that is developing fully-electric transport refrigeration units (“eTRUs”) for commercial trailers. In exchange for the investment, eNow issued to the Company a convertible debenture (the “eNow Convertible Note”) dated July 15, 2021 (the “Issuance Date”) in the original principal amount of $3,000, at the rate of 8% per annum and due on December 31, 2022. The investment was classified as an available-for-sale security. After reviewing the status of eNow’s financial condition on December 31, 2021, the Company determined that the investment in the eNow Convertible Note was fully impaired and as such, on such date, recorded an impairment charge of $3,000. Under certain circumstances, the eNow Convertible Note could be converted into Series B preferred stock.

In addition to the terms described above, on July 15, 2021 (“Effective Date”), XL Fleet entered into a Development and Supply Agreement (the “Development and Supply Agreement”) with eNow, whereby XL Fleet was made the exclusive provider of high voltage batteries and associated power systems for use in eNow eTRUs. The Company considered the existence of adverse conditions regarding the global supply chain crisis (electronic hardware, lithium ion cells and batteries) that causes further impediments to eNow being able to execute on its business plan. XL Fleet evaluated the supply chain issues, specifically the lack of availability of batteries from third party suppliers. During the three months ended December 31, 2021, the supply chain issues worsened, and in particular the lack of availability of batteries from third party suppliers. These worsened conditions, in the Company’s opinion, negatively impacted eNow’s prospects and financial condition. In January 2022, due to the ongoing supply chain issues, the Company notified eNow of its intention to terminate the Development and Supply Agreement (See Note 10).

Note 8. New Markets Tax Credit Financing

On March 4, 2015, the Company entered into a financing transaction with U.S. Bancorp Community Development Corporation (U.S. Bank) under a qualified New Markets Tax Credit (“NMTC”) program related to the operation of the Company’s facility in Quincy, Illinois. The NMTC program was provided for in the Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 (the Act) and is intended to encourage capital investment in qualified lower income communities. The Act permits taxpayers to claim credits against their Federal income taxes for up to 39% of qualified investments in the equity of community development entities (CDEs). CDEs are privately managed investment institutions that are certified to make qualified low-income community investments.

In connection with the financing, the Company made two loans totaling $10,454 to federal ($6,455 at 1.51%) and state ($3,999 at 1.53%) NMTC investment funds (the Investment Funds). Simultaneously, U.S. Bank made an equity investment of $4,995 to the Investment Funds and, by virtue of such contribution, is entitled to substantially all of the tax benefits derived from the NMTC. For compliance with the NMTC rules, principal payments on the loan would not begin until June 10, 2025 (the NMTC rules prohibit principal payments during the 7-year term of the NMTC arrangement). The maturity date on the loans would have been December 31, 2044.

The Investment Funds then contributed the loan proceeds to a CDE, which, in turn, loaned combined funds of $15,000, net of debt issuance costs of $546, to XL Hybrid Quincy, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, at an interest rate of 1.15% per year with a maturity date of March 4, 2045. These loans were secured by the leasehold improvements and equipment at the facility in Quincy, Illinois. Repayment of the loans would have commenced March 10, 2025. The proceeds from the loans from the CDE were used to partially fund the build-out of the facility in Quincy, Illinois.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 8. New Markets Tax Credit Financing, continued

The transaction included a put/call feature whereby, at the end of the seven-year NMTC compliance period, the Company may have been obligated or entitled to repurchase U.S. Bank’s equity interest in the Investment Funds. U.S Bank exercised the put option in January 2022 the end of the recapture period. The value attributable to the put/call was nominal.

The Company had determined that the financing arrangement with the Investment Fund and CDEs contained a variable interest entity (“VIE”). As such, the Company concluded that it was the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidated the Investment Fund, as a VIE, in accordance with the accounting standards for consolidation. Because the Company consolidated an entity from which it has an approximately $10,500 loan receivable and consolidated an entity to which it owes an approximately $15,000 loan payable through December 31, 2021, these two balances partially eliminated against each other in consolidation. The VIE was terminated upon the exercise of the put option.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company amortized debt issuance costs related to the NMTC of $0 and $78, respectively. The unamortized balance of debt issuance costs as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $0 and $20, respectively.

On January 14, 2022, the NMTC financing arrangement was terminated and settled, with the note receivable of $15,000 (owed by XL Hybrid Quincy) being transferred to XL Hybrids LL in payment of the $10,500 note receivable. Both notes were retired resulting in the recognition of a gain on forgiveness of debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, of $4,527 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Other information related to leases is presented below:

As of March 31, 2022, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows:

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 11. Share-Based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $381 and $442, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, there was $4,739 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, with a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 the Company issued 12,421 options to certain employees that will vest over a period of one to four years.

A summary of stock option award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2022 was $11,215. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable as of March 31, 2022 was $10,622. Cash received from options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $258, and $16, respectively.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Restricted Stock Units

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 9,098 restricted stock units to certain employees that will vest over a period of four years.

The fair value of restricted stock unit awards is estimated by the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock at the date of grant. Restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended at March 31, 2022 was as follows:

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 12. Related Party Transactions

Operating lease: In March 2012, the Company entered into a noncancelable lease agreement for office, research and development, and vehicle development and installation facilities with an investor of the Company. On February 28, 2021, the lease term was extended through February 28, 2022. The lease includes a rent escalation clause, and rent expense is being recorded on a straight-line basis. On December 31, 2021, the lease term was extended through August 31, 2022.

Rent expense under the operating lease for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $58 and $55, respectively.

Note 13. Restructuring

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company conducted a strategic review of its operations. The results of this review resulted in the following actions being taken: (1) the closure of the Company’s production center and warehouse in Quincy, IL; (2) the termination of engineering activities in the Company’s Boston office; (3) elimination of all of the Company’s plug-in hybrid products and a substantial majority of the Company’s hybrid drivetrain products; (4) a reduction of the Company’s workforce of 51 employees’ and (5) the termination of the Company’s partnership with eNow. The Company recognized a total charge of $2,358 related to these activities in the first quarter of 2022.

In connection with the Company’s reduction in its workforce, the Company incurred severance charges totaling $840 of which was $725 was paid in the first quarter of 2022 and the remainder will be paid in the second and third quarters of 2022. The severance charges were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. The remaining unpaid amount of $115 is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2022.

In connection with the Company’s decision to exit certain product lines, the Company incurred an inventory obsolescence charge, included in cost of revenues, of $1,518 in the first quarter of 2022.

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

Sponsorship commitment: On February 24, 2021, the Company agreed to a sponsorship agreement with several entities related to the UBS Arena, Belmont Park and the NY Islanders Hockey Club. Pursuant to that Agreement, the Company was designated an “Official Electric Transportation Partner of UBS Arena” with various associated marketing and branding rights, including the development of electric vehicle charging stations. Through March 31, 2022, the Company has incurred costs of approximately $700 related to a future opportunity to develop electric vehicle charging stations on the UBS Arena area. The sponsorship agreement has a term of three years with a sponsor fee of approximately $500 per year, of which $250 was paid on June 25, 2021 and the second payment of $250 was accrued on December 31, 2021 and paid on January 14, 2022. One of the directors of XL Fleet is a co-owner of the NY Islanders Hockey Club. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company notified the counterparties that it would be exercising its option to terminate the final two years of the agreement.

The Company terminated the Sponsorship Agreement effective June 1, 2022 and will incur no further sponsor fees.

Equipment purchase: On March 1, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with Creative Bus Sales, Inc. (“Creative) to purchase six low floor electric transit buses to be delivered in 2022 for a total purchase price of $4,191. In connection with this agreement, on March 2, 2021, the Company made a down-payment of $780. During February 2022, the Company terminated its purchase agreement with Creative and received a refund of the down payment of $780.

Purchase commitments: The Company has entered into firm commitments to purchase batteries and motors from major suppliers. As of March 31, 2022, these purchase obligations consisted of an obligation of $2,533 to purchase motors by July 2022 and an open ended commitment of $2,500 to purchase batteries, and an obligation of $343 to purchase chip-sensitive items including telematics modules and inverters.

Legal proceedings: The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. Management believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Beginning on March 8, 2021, two putative securities class action complaints were filed in federal district court for the Southern District of New York against the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors. Those cases were consolidated and a lead plaintiff appointed in June 2021, and an amended complaint filed on July 20, 2021 alleging that certain public statements made by the defendants between October 2, 2020 and March 2, 2021 violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in the amended complaint are without merit, and the Company intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be successful. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate potential losses, if any, related to the lawsuit.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies, continued

On September 20, 2021, and October 19, 2021 two class action complaints were filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain of the Company’s current officers and directors, and the Company’s sponsor, Pivotal Investment Holdings II LLC. The actions were consolidated as Inre XL Fleet (Pivotal) Stockholder Litigation, C.A. No. 2121-0808, and amended complaint was filed on January 31, 2022. The amended complaint alleges various breaches of fiduciary duty, and aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, for purported actions relating to the negotiation and approval of the December 21, 2020 merger and organization of legacy XL to become XL Fleet Corp., and purportedly materially misleading statements made in connection with the merger. The Company believes that the allegations asserted in both the Laidlaw and Janmohamed Complaint are without merit, and the Company intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit.

On January 6, 2022, the Company received a subpoena from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) requesting the production of certain documents related to, among other things, the Company’s business combination with XL Hybrids, Inc. and the related PIPE financing, the Company’s sales pipeline and revenue projections, purchase orders, suppliers, CARB approvals, fuel economy from our Drivetrain products, customer complaints, and disclosures and other matters in connection with the foregoing. The SEC has informed the Company that its current investigation is a fact-finding inquiry. The SEC has also informed the Company that the investigation does not mean that it has concluded that anyone has violated the law and does not mean that it has a negative opinion of any person, entity or security. We intend to provide the requested information and cooperate fully with the SEC investigation. 

Note 15. Leadership Transition

On January 31, 2022, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer resigned. An interim replacement served until April 11, 2022, when Mr. Don Klein was appointed as Chief Financial Officer.

On March 21, 2022, Thomas (Tod) Hynes III resigned as the Company’s President and from its Board of Directors and he and the Company entered into a separation agreement pursuant to which, provided that Mr. Hynes does not timely revoke the agreement and thereafter complies with its material terms, he will receive (i) separation pay in the form of a lump sum payment of $479,375 and (ii) nine months of employer paid COBRA premiums. Mr. Hynes has also agreed to chair the Company’s advisory board. His separation agreement also includes customary provisions including those regarding cooperation, non-solicitation, and a mutual release.

Potential dilutive securities, which include stock options, warrants and restricted stock units have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, for this period the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, certain dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the effect would have been to increase net earnings per share.

XL Fleet Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Note 17. Retirement Plan

The Company has adopted a 401(k) plan to provide all eligible employees a means to accumulate retirement savings on a tax-advantaged basis. The 401(k) plan requires participants to be at least 21 years old. In addition to the traditional 401(k), eligible employees are given the option of making an after- tax contribution to a Roth 401(k) or a combination of both. Plan participants may make before tax elective contributions up to the maximum percentage of compensation and dollar amount allowed under the Internal Revenue Code. Participants are allowed to contribute, subject to IRS limitations on total annual contributions from 1% to 90% of eligible earnings. The plan provides for automatic enrollment at a 3% deferral rate of an employee’s eligible wages. The Company provides for safe harbor matching contributions equal to 100% on the first 3% of an employee’s eligible earnings deferred and an additional 50% on the next 2% of an employee’s eligible earnings deferred. Employee elective deferrals and safe harbor matching contributions are 100% vested at all times.

In connection with the acquisition of World Energy, the Company adopted the World Energy 401(k) plan whose features are the same as those of the XL Fleet’s 401(k) plan except that (i) Participants are allowed to contribute, subject to IRS limitations on total annual contributions from 1% to 100% of eligible earnings and (ii) the safe harbor non-elective contribution is equal to 3% of employee’s compensation.

Note 18. Segment Reporting

Segment reporting is based on the “management approach,” following the method that management organizes the company’s reportable segments for which separate financial information is made available to, and evaluated regularly by, the CODM in allocating resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company had one operating segment. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, upon completion of a strategic review that began upon his hiring in December 2021, restructured the Company into two distinct operating segments: (i) Drivetrain and (ii) XL Grid. The Company’s CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information.

Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company had one operating segment. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, upon the completion of a strategic review that began upon his hiring in December 2021, restructured the Company into two distinct operating segments: (i) Drivetrain and (ii) XL Grid. Included in Corporate are certain corporate expenses including executive, finance, information technology, and human resource expenses.

The Drivetrain segment provides fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America while the XL Grid segment provides energy efficiency and infrastructure solutions to commercial customers.

The following table presents revenues and gross profit by reportable segment:

Note 19. Subsequent Events

Management has reviewed material events subsequent of the period ended March 31, 2022 and prior to the filing of financial statements in accordance with FASB ASC 855, Subsequent Events.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis provides information which our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. This discussion and analysis should be read together with our results of operations and financial condition and the audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial information and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 1, 2022. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The following information and any forward-looking statements should be considered in light of factors discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the Annual Report.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages, included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.

As used in this discussion and analysis, references to “XL,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer only to XL Fleet Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a provider of fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles in North America, offering our systems for vehicle electrification (our “Drivetrain” segment) and through our energy efficiency and infrastructure solutions business, including offering and installing charging stations to enable customers to effectively plug in their electrified vehicles (our “XL Grid” segment).

We have two operating segments, Drivetrain and XL Grid, and separately calculate the costs of our corporate operations. Our CEO, who is our chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of our operating segments at the operating profit level. The CODM does not evaluate the performance of the operating segments on a balance sheet basis.

In over 10 years of operations, we believe that we have built a large customer base deploying Class 2-5 vehicles across North America. Our fleet electrification solutions for commercial vehicles provide the market with cost-effective hybrid solutions with on-board telematics that are available for sale and deployment across a broad range of popular vehicle chassis from the world’s leading OEMs. We launched our XL Grid Business in December 2020, and with the acquisition of World Energy Efficiency Services, LLC (“World Energy”) in May 2021, we are able to offer comprehensive solutions to commercial fleets to sustainably transform their operations.

Through the capabilities we acquired with World Energy, we are able to provide turnkey energy efficiency, renewable technology, electric vehicle charging stations and other energy solutions throughout New England, which adds capability and capacity to our XL Grid division. We currently sell most of our Drivetrains through a network of commercial vehicle upfitters.

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company conducted a strategic review which included assessing its offerings, strategy, processes and growth opportunities. While the Company is continuing to look at its business strategy, the Company made the following decisions in the first quarter of 2022 relating to a restructuring of its Drivetrain business: (i) the elimination of a substantial majority of the Company’s hybrid drivetrain products; (ii) the elimination of its Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (“PHEV”) products; (iii) the reduction in the size of the Company’s workforce by 51 employees; (iv) the closure of the Company’s production center and warehouse in Quincy, IL; (v) the closure of the Company’s engineering activities in its Boston office; and (vi) the termination of the Company’s partnership with eNow.

With our acquisition of World Energy, we became a provider of energy efficiency, renewable technology, electric vehicle charging stations, and other energy solutions to customers across the New England region. By leveraging our comprehensive solutions in combination with utility incentive programs, project management and financing, we assist companies throughout all aspects of the fleet vehicle electrification process. We provide full- service electric vehicle charger installations, including the assessment of a location’s electrical infrastructure, site layout of the charging area plan and equipment installation. In addition, World Energy provides solar solutions to commercial and industrial customers. We believe that the availability of robust electric vehicle charging and infrastructure solutions is critical to meeting the long-term fleet electrification goals of our customers which in turn will translate into growth opportunities for the Company.

Recent Developments

Leadership Changes: On March 21, 2022, Tod Hynes resigned his XL Fleet roles of President and a member of its board of directors. On April 11, 2022, XL Fleet appointed Donald P. Klein as Chief Financial Officer.

Public Health Emergency of International Concern: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the COVID-19 outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” as global pandemic and recommended containment and mitigation measures.

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to evolve, we believe the extent of the impact to our business, operating results, cash flows, liquidity and financial condition will be primarily driven by the severity and duration of the coronavirus pandemic and its impact on the U.S. and global economies. Those primary drivers are beyond our knowledge and control, and as a result, at this time we are unable to predict the cumulative impact, both in terms of severity and duration, that the coronavirus pandemic will have on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition. Accordingly, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made in the financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term by these conditions, and if so, we may be subject to future impairment losses related to long-lived assets as well as changes to recorded reserves and valuations. In addition, we believe that the impact of the global microchip shortage that the entire vehicle industry is currently experiencing will adversely impact our operating results in fiscal year 2022 and possibly thereafter.

Key Factors Affecting Operating Results

We believe that our performance and future success depend on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, below, and as more fully described in Part II, Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors,” and within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 1, 2022.

We are a provider in fleet electrification and energy efficiency infrastructure solutions. We have a strategy to leverage our existing products and sales channels to market. Key factors affecting our operating results include our ability to execute on the results of the Company’s strategic review, which includes narrowing the focus of the Company on the most profitable products and strategically reducing some aspects of the Company’s hybrid offering. There are challenges and risks to our plan to capture these opportunities, such as:

Key Components of Statements of Operations

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the discovery and development of our electrified powertrain offerings, which include:

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our corporate, executive, finance, sales, marketing and other administrative functions, expenses for outside professional services, including legal, audit and accounting services, as well as expenses for facilities, depreciation, amortization, travel, sales and marketing costs. Personnel-related expenses consist of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation. We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to decrease in 2022 as we narrow our focus and take actions to align our team and resources with our short- term needs

 Other (Income) Expense, Net

Other income and expense consists of interest expense net of interest income, change in fair value of obligations to issue shares of common stock to sellers of World Energy, change in fair value of warrant liability, and gain (loss) on asset disposal.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates, which include estimates related to warrant valuation, the valuation of the assets and liabilities related to the business combination of World Energy, reserves and net realizable value adjustments for inventory and warranty obligations, impairment assessments for goodwill and long-lived assets and valuation allowance as it relates to the realization of deferred tax assets. The Company’s critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and the accounting for business combinations. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market- specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates or assumptions. The Company’s critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and the accounting for business combinations.

Revenues

Total revenues increased by $4.1 million, or 606%, to $4.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $0.7 million for the first quarter of 2021. Drivetrain revenues of $0.6 million for the current quarter were flat compared to the prior year quarter. XL Grid revenues were $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was the result of the acquisition of World Energy’s energy infrastructure solutions in the second quarter of 2021.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues increased by $3.8 million, or 274%, to $5.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $1.4 million for the first quarter of 2021. Cost of revenues for the Drivetrain segment increased by approximately $0.8 million to $2.2 million, primarily due to a charge of approximately $1.5 to write inventory down to net realizable value for certain components that were deemed obsolete, as the result of the Company’s plans to discontinue plug-in hybrid and scale back other hybrid platforms. Cost of revenues for the XL Grid segment were $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 which were related to the acquisition of World Energy’s energy infrastructure solutions in the second quarter of 2021.

Gross Loss

Gross loss decreased by $0.3 million, to $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $0.7 million for the first quarter of 2021. The improvement was primarily due to gross profit in the XL Grid segment with the acquisition of World Energy’s energy infrastructure solutions in the second quarter of 2021 partially offset by the Drivetrain segment gross loss which was driven by the charge for the inventory reserve.

Research, Development and Engineering

Research, development and engineering expenses increased by $1.6 million, or 112%, to $3.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $1.4 million for the first quarter of 2021. The increase was solely attributable to research and development activities within the Drivetrain segment. The increase was principally attributable to $1.2 million in increased employee compensation, due to higher headcount prior to the reduction in force and higher research and development expenses related to the Company’s Curbtender project.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by $3.7 million, or 46%, to $11.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $8.0 million for the first quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of World Energy in the second quarter of 2021 as well as severance charges of $1.4 million related to restructuring actions and the separation of the Company’s President and Chief Financial Officer in the first quarter of 2022. Higher compensation costs due to higher headcount (prior to the reduction in force on February 25, 2022) was offset by lower professional fees.

Impairment of Goodwill

In the first quarter of 2022, due to reductions in the Company’s stock price and related market capitalization, the Company performed an assessment of its goodwill for impairment. Based on its assessment, the Company concluded that the goodwill was fully impaired and recognized a charge to $8.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Other (Income) Expense

Other income decreased by $64.4 million, or 89%, to $7.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 from $72.0 million for the first quarter of 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $69.3 million of income from the change in the fair value of the warrant liability which was the result of the decrease in the fair value of the Company’s Common Stock in 2022 compared to the same quarter of 2021. This was partially offset by a gain of $4.5 million the Company recognized on the extinguishment of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to the wind-down of the New Market Tax Credit obligation in January 2022.