MSB Mesabi Trust

Item 2.  Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed financial statements and notes presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the financial statements and notes in the last filed Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended January 31, 2019 for a full understanding of Mesabi Trust’s financial position and results of operations for the three month period ended April 30, 2019.

Background

Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”), formed pursuant to an Agreement of Trust dated July 18, 1961 (the “Agreement of Trust”), is a trust organized under the laws of the State of New York.  Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease”), the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Cloquet Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease” and together with the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the “Amended Assignment Agreements”), the beneficial interest in a trust organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota to administer the Mesabi Fee Lands (as defined below) as the trust corpus in compliance with the laws of the State of Minnesota on July 18, 1961 (the “Mesabi Land Trust”) and all other assets and property identified in the Agreement of Trust.  The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to an Indenture made as of April 30, 1915 among East Mesaba Iron Company (“East Mesaba”), Dunka River Iron Company (“Dunka River”) and Claude W. Peters (the “Peters Lease”) and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease relates to an Indenture made May 1, 1916 between Cloquet Lumber Company and Claude W. Peters (the “Cloquet Lease”).

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business.  This prohibition applies even to business activities the Trustees may deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust Estate.  Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to the holders of Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust (“Unitholders”) after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the assets held by the Trust.

The Trustees do not intend to expand their responsibilities beyond those permitted or required by the Agreement of Trust, the Amendment to the Agreement of Trust dated October 25, 1982 (the “Amendment”), and those required under applicable law.  Mesabi Trust has no employees, but it engages independent consultants to assist the Trustees in, among other things, monitoring the volume and sales prices of iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota, based on information supplied to the Trustees by Northshore, the lessee/operator of the lands leased under the Peters Lease and Cloquet Lease (the “Peters Lease Lands” and “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively) and the 20% fee interest of certain lands that are particularly described in, and subject to a mining lease under, the Peters Lease (the “Mesabi Fee Lands,” and together with the Peters Lease Lands and Cloquet Lease Lands, the “Mesabi Trust Lands”), and its parent company Cliffs.  References to Northshore in this quarterly report, unless the context requires otherwise, are applicable to Cliffs as well.

Leasehold royalty income constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue.  The income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities and operations of Northshore.  Royalty rates and the resulting royalty payments received by the Trust are determined in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s leases and assignments of leases.

Three types of royalties, as well as royalty bonuses, comprise the Trust’s leasehold royalty income:

The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”).  Pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped.  In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company.  Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly owned subsidiary.

Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands.  Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan.  The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions.  To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped from Silver Bay, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands.  Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped from Silver Bay during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons.  The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.  Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed increasing levels of royalty percentages and pass each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.

During the course of its fiscal year, some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.  The Cliffs Pellet Agreements use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year.  Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and, in turn, the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust.  In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that become available for distribution to Unitholders.

According to Cliffs’ Form 10-Q for its quarter ended March 31, 2019, sales volumes under most of its multi-year supply agreements with Cliffs’ customers are largely dependent on customer requirements and contain a base price that is adjusted annually using one or more adjustment factors.  The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, Atlantic Basin pellet premiums, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel.

As also described elsewhere in this report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust lands) shipped from Silver Bay and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price.  Although 98.1% all of the iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay during calendar 2018 was sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee of Mesabi Trust, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust.  The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com.  The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018

As shown in the table below, during the three months ended April 30, 2019, production of iron ore pellets at Northshore from Mesabi Trust Lands totaled 1,253,663 tons, and shipments over the same period totaled 524,706 tons.  By comparison, pellet production and shipments for the comparable period in 2018 was 1,378,750 and 631,916, respectively. The decrease in production and shipments is attributable to the anticipated demand from Northshore’s customers as compared to the prior comparable period. For the three months ended April 30, 2019, approximately 95.1% of shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota originated from Trust lands.

Comparison of Royalty Income for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018

As reflected in the table below, the Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended April 30, 2019 decreased by $1,284,880 to $5,361,790 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018.  The decrease in total royalty income is due to the decrease in shipments during the three months ended April 30, 2019, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018.

The table below shows that the base overriding royalties decreased $789,466 and the bonus royalties decreased by $527,274 for the three months ended April 30, 2019, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018.  Fee royalties increased by $31,860 over the same period.  The decrease in the base overriding royalties and bonus royalties is attributable to a decrease in shipments in the current period as compared to the prior comparable period.  The increase in the fee royalty amount is due to an increase in the price per ton of iron ore mined under the Peters Lease.

The table below summarizes the components of Mesabi Trust’s total royalty income for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively:

Comparison of Net Income, Expenses and Distributions for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018

Net income for the three months ended April 30, 2019 was $4,910,288, a decrease of $1,405,560 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018.  The decrease in net income for the three months ended April 30, 2019 was the result of a decrease in shipments, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018.  The Trust’s expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2019 were $556,585, an increase of $188,386 compared to the expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2018.  The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in legal fees and expenses, as well as increased consulting fees and expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2019, as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2018. The table below summarizes the Trust’s income and expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2019 and April 30, 2018, respectively.

As presented on the “Trust’s Condensed Statements of Operations” on page 3 of this quarterly report, the Trust’s net income per unit decreased $0.1071 per unit to $0.3743 per unit for the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2018.  On April 12, 2019, the Trust declared a distribution of $0.89 per unit payable on May 20, 2019 to Unitholders of record on April 30, 2019.  Comparatively, the Trust declared a distribution of $0.45 per unit to Unitholders in April 2018. 

On a quarterly basis, the Trustees review a variety of financial and economic data and information impacting the Trust, and upon the Trustees’ determination, distributions may be declared approximately ten weeks after the Trustees receive a quarterly royalty report from Northshore and Cliffs and the Trust receives the actual royalty payment with respect to royalty income that is payable for iron ore shipments through the end of each prior calendar quarter.  Royalty payments may include pricing adjustments with respect to shipments made during prior periods.  The Trust accounts for and reports accrued income receivable based on shipments during the last month of each of the Trust’s fiscal quarters (April, July, October and January) and price adjustments under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements (which can be positive or negative and can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust and cash available for distribution to Unitholders) as reported to the Trust by Northshore.  The Trust accounts for these amounts by using estimated prices and reports such amounts even though accrued income receivable is not available for distribution to Unitholders until it is received by the Trust.  Accordingly, distributions declared by the Trust are not equivalent to the Trust’s net income during the periods reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2019

As set forth in the tables below, Unallocated Reserve, which is comprised of accrued income receivable, contract asset, unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities, prepaid expenses and accrued expenses decreased from $11,018,518 as of April 30, 2018 to $10,039,168 as of April 30, 2019.  The decrease in Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2019, as compared to April 30, 2018, is primarily the result of a decrease in the accrued income receivable.  The decrease in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is attributable to a decrease in shipments for the month ended April 30, 2019 as compared to the prior comparable period.

It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, future royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.  See the discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 of the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019.

The Trust’s Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2019 decreased by $6,766,521 to $10,039,168, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019.  The decrease in Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2019, as compared to January 31, 2019, is primarily the result of a decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities.   The decrease in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities is the result of when royalties are received compared to when distributions are declared, which is discussed further in “Note 3” on page 7.  As of April 30, 2019, the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve consisted of $5,462,813 of unallocated cash and

U.S. Government securities and $3,377,580 of accrued income receivable.  At January 31, 2019, the Trust’s Unallocated Reserve consisted of $14,767,308 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities and $2,339,060 of accrued income receivable.

Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether fixed or contingent) in determining a prudent level of unallocated reserve in light of the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, current and projected future mining operations and current economic conditions.  Although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently anticipated that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty income as it is received and the level of Trust expenses.  The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore.  Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months.  Economic conditions, particularly those affecting the iron ore and steel industry, may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales.  The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic and other circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain adequate reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore and steel industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of the lessee/operator, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

Recent Developments

Quarterly Royalty Report

On April 30, 2019, the Trustees announced that the Trust received from Cliffs the quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

As reported to Mesabi Trust by Cliffs in the quarterly royalty report, based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended March 31, 2019, Mesabi Trust was credited with a base royalty of $394,557.  Mesabi Trust also was credited with a bonus royalty in the amount of $473,469.  Royalties paid to Mesabi Trust reflected the addition of $2,102,821 as a result of positive pricing adjustments to base and bonus royalty calculations related to changes in price estimates made in the previous calendar quarters of 2018.  In addition, a royalty payment of $178,735 was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust.  Accordingly, the total royalty payments received by Mesabi Trust on April 30, 2019 from Northshore were $3,149,582.

The royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of shipments of iron ore pellets for the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet shipments from Mesabi Trust lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust lands.  In the first calendar quarter of 2019, Northshore credited Mesabi Trust with 126,568 tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 195,764 tons during the first calendar quarter of 2018.

The volume of shipments of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including the requested delivery schedules of customers, general economic conditions in the iron ore industry, and weather conditions on the Great Lakes.  Further, the prices under the term contracts among Northshore, Cliffs, and certain of their customers (the “Cliffs Pellet Agreements”), to which Mesabi Trust is not a party, are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors, some of which are not known until after the end of a contract year.  The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel.  These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year.  These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust.  Royalty payments anticipated to be received during fiscal 2020 will continue to reflect pricing estimates for shipments of iron ore products that will be subject to positive or negative pricing adjustments pursuant to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.  Based on the above factors, and as indicated by the Trust’s historical distribution payments, the royalties received by the Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

With respect to calendar year 2019, Northshore has not advised Mesabi Trust of its expected total 2019 shipments of iron ore products or what percentage of 2019 shipments will be from Mesabi Trust iron ore.  Cliffs indicated that the royalty payments reported to the Trust in April 2019 were based on estimated iron ore pellet prices under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, and are subject to change.  It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to Mesabi Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Mesabi Trust Distribution Announcement

As previously reported by Mesabi Trust on April 12, 2019, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust (NYSE: MSB) declared a distribution of eighty-nine cents ($0.89) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on May 20, 2019 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on April 30, 2019.

Recent Cliffs’ Announcements

During its first quarter 2019 earnings conference call on April 25, 2019, Cliffs indicated that it remained on track for a middle-2020 completion of its HBI plant in Toledo, Ohio. Cliffs also indicated that 500,000 long tons of DR-grade pellets are expected to be produced and shipped from Northshore to Cliffs’ HBI plant in Toledo during the third quarter 2019.  Further, based on the disclosures by Cliffs during the conference call, it is anticipated that, upon completion, Cliffs’ HBI plant in Toledo would be capable of producing 1.9 million metric tons of HBI and will consume 2.8 million long tons of Northshore DR-grade pellets. Northshore’s DR-grade pellet production capacity was estimated as 3.5 million long tons of DR-grade pellets, comprised of 67% iron and 2% silica.  The Trustees are not able to predict the impact on the Trust’s future potential royalties of either Northshore’s future anticipated production and shipments of DR-grade pellets from Silver Bay, or Cliffs’ HBI project.

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business.  This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets.  Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the held assets.

Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Amended Assignment Agreements.  Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan.  The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs.  While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

In accordance with the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.  For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 3 through 12 of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended January 31, 2019, as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Iron Ore Pricing and Contract Adjustments

During the course of its fiscal year some portion of the royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.  Mesabi Trust is not a party to any of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements.  These prices are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on a variety of price and inflation index factors, including but not limited to various benchmark pellet prices, hot band steel prices and various Producer Price Indexes.  Although Northshore makes interim adjustments to the royalty payments on a quarterly basis, these price adjustments cannot be finalized until after the end of a contract year.  This may result in significant and frequent variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn the resulting amount of funds available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis.  These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by Mesabi Trust.  It is possible that future negative price adjustments could partially or even completely offset royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year-end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Effects of Securities Regulation

The Trust is a publicly traded, pass-through royalty trust with its Trust Certificates listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE.  Issuers failing to comply with such authorities risk serious consequences, including criminal as well as civil and administrative penalties.  In most instances, these laws, rules and regulations do not specifically address their applicability to a publicly-traded pass-through royalty trust such as Mesabi Trust.  In particular, Sarbanes-Oxley mandated the adoption by the SEC and NYSE of certain rules and regulations that are impossible for the Trust to literally satisfy because of its nature as a pass-through trust.  Pursuant to NYSE rules, as a pass-through royalty trust, the Trust is exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements that apply to other publicly traded corporations.  The Trust does not have, nor does the Agreement of Trust provide for, a board of directors, an audit committee, a corporate governance committee, a compensation committee or executive officers.  The Trust has no employees.  The Trustees closely monitor the SEC’s and NYSE’s rulemaking activities and will comply with their rules and regulations to the extent applicable.

The Trust’s website is located at www.mesabi-trust.com.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This “Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Trust’s financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.  The preparation of these financial statements requires the Trustees to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  The Trustees base their estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Trustees believe are reasonable under the circumstances.  However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.  Critical accounting policies are those that have meaningful impact on the reporting of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require significant judgment and estimates. 

There have been no material changes in the Trust’s critical accounting policies or significant accounting estimates during the three months ended April 30, 2019.  For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2019.

Certain Tax Information

The Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal or state income tax purposes and is instead qualified as a nontaxable grantor trust.  Since the Trust’s inception, all net taxable income is annually attributable directly to Unitholders for tax purposes regardless of whether the income is distributed or retained by the Trust in its reserve account.  As such, in lieu of the Trust paying income taxes, Unitholders report their pro rata share of the various items of Trust income and deductions on their income tax returns.  This reporting is required whether or not the earnings of the Trust are distributed as to Unitholders.  During calendar 2019, any funds retained to increase the Trust’s unallocated reserve, which were derived from reportable royalty income, will nonetheless become taxable as reportable income to Unitholders, depending on each individual’s personal tax situation.  Information regarding the background on the changes in the Trust’s unallocated reserve is described above under “Results of Operations — Comparison of Unallocated Reserve as of April 30, 2019, April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2019” on page 12.  Unitholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors to plan for any financial impact related to this and to review their personal tax situations related to investing in, holding or selling units of beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust.

professionals hired by the Trust advise the Trust in its review and compilation of the information in this Form 10-Q and the other periodic reports filed by the Trust with the SEC.

As part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees rely on quarterly shipment and royalty calculations provided by Northshore and Cliffs.  Because Northshore has declined to provide a written certification attesting to whether Northshore has established disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls sufficient to enable it to verify that the information furnished to the Trustees is accurate and complete, the Trustees also rely on (a) an annual certification from Northshore and Cliffs, certifying as to the accuracy of the royalty calculations, and (b) the related due diligence review performed by the Trust’s accountants.  In addition, Mesabi Trust’s consultants review the schedule of leasehold royalties payable, and shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore against production and shipment reports prepared by Eveleth Fee Office, Inc., an independent consultant to Mesabi Trust (“Eveleth Fee Office”).  Eveleth Fee Office performs inspections of the Northshore mine and its pelletizing operations, observes production and shipping activities, gathers production and shipping information from Northshore and prepares monthly production and shipment reports for the Trustees.  Furthermore, as part of its engagement by Mesabi Trust, Eveleth Fee Office also attends Northshore’s calibration and testing of its crude ore scales and boat loader scales which are conducted on a periodic basis.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Trustees carried out an evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures.  The Trustees have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  To the knowledge of the Trustees, there were no changes in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Trust’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting.  The Trustees note for purposes of clarification that they have no authority over, and make no statement concerning, the internal controls of Northshore or Cliffs.