By Vivian Salama, Michael C. Bender and Michael R. Gordon
WASHINGTON -- President Trump said the U.S. would withhold sales
of advanced F-35 stealth jet fighters to Turkey after Ankara
received a new air-defense system from Russia, putting new strains
on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
The decision to cancel the F-35 shipment was expected, but until
Mr. Trump's remarks on Tuesday, the administration had held off on
responding to Turkey's decision to accept delivery of the Russian
S-400 system. Turkey's action and the U.S. response inject tension
and uncertainty into the 67-year security pact between Turkey and
other NATO members.
The latest moves come amid differences between Ankara and
Washington over Syria and a sharp disagreement over the role of
Kurdish fighters, who U.S. officials say have played a major role
in battling Islamic State militants but who Turkey sees as a
terrorist force.
Some U.S. officials and analysts have said the Russian-Turkish
deal could jeopardize the future of U.S.-Turkish relations, and
raises questions about Turkey's long-term role in NATO as Russia
attempts to expand its own influence in the country in a broader
bid to weaken the alliance.
The Pentagon is concerned that the radar capabilities of the
S-400 could be used by the Russians to gather intelligence about
the stealthy F-35s if the jets were delivered to Turkey.
The development stands to affect the Turkish economy, given
Turkey's role as a manufacturing partner for the F-35. Turkish
companies produce hundreds of parts for the plane. Last week, the
Pentagon asked Congress for the authority to reprogram $206 million
so it could restructure the supply chain if Turkish companies were
evicted from the program.
The U.S. also faces potential economic issues. The U.S. and
Russia are the world's biggest arms exporters and their contractors
compete for dominance in the sector. Lockheed Martin Corp.'s F-35
is a major offering.
"I would say that Lockheed isn't exactly happy," Mr. Trump said
on Tuesday.
Mr. Trump visited Lockheed's Derco facility in Milwaukee last
week, vowing to boost U.S. manufacturing when Turkey first received
the new Russian defense system last week.
Lockheed Martin, which derives around 30% of its sales from the
F-35, has played down the impact of Turkey's potential ejection
from the program in recent weeks, saying other countries are
awaiting planes that would have been sold to Turkey.
Company officials didn't immediately respond to a request for
comment.
Mr. Trump on Tuesday sympathized with Turkey's decision to
pursue a $2.5 billion shipment of the Russian antiaircraft system,
saying it is "not really fair" and that his administration is
currently "working through it."
"Turkey is very good with us, very good," Mr. Trump said, citing
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's decision to release a detained
American pastor last year. "And we are now telling Turkey, because
you have really been forced to buy another missile system, we're
not going to sell you the F-35 fighter jets."
The U.S. initially planned to sell 116 of the Lockheed Martin
Corp.-made F-35 fighters to Turkey, but had warned Turkey that it
risked sanctions, in addition to a termination of the fighter jet
sale, if it pursued the deal with Russia. Mr. Erdogan has also
floated the idea of cooperating with Russia to build the planned
successor to the S-400 air-defense system, the S-500.
Reflecting bipartisan opposition in Washington to Turkey's move,
the Republican and Democratic leaders of the Senate Foreign
Relations and Armed Services committees called on Mr. Trump last
week to impose sanctions on Ankara and end Turkey's participation
in the F-35 program.
The U.S. decision to withdraw the F-35s order is a setback for
Mr. Erdogan, who had bet heavily on a direct relationship with Mr.
Trump to resolve the issue and persuade the U.S. president to
disregard his own administration's repeated calls for punishing
Turkey.
In addition to not receiving F-35s, for which it has forked out
hefty down payments, Turkey risks losing its share of industrial
workload -- about 6% of the value of each plane.
Officials at the Turkish presidency couldn't immediately be
reached Tuesday evening.
Mr. Erdogan had said Turkey, which has invested $1.5 billion in
the F-35 development, would seek international arbitration if it
were booted from the program. The Turkish leader had also warned
Ankara would retaliate.
U.S. officials said Mr. Erdogan de-escalated tensions over the
S-400 when he met with Mr. Trump in June on the sidelines of the
Group of 20 summit in Japan.
One official said Mr. Trump is hesitant to impose sanctions on
Turkey because he wants Ankara's help on regional issues, including
his pending plans to withdraw from Syria.
He also believes Turkey has shown its good will to negotiate
after its decision to release Pastor Andrew Brunson -- a move that
prompted the Trump administration to partly lift economic
sanctions.
Mr. Trump also has warmed to Mr. Erdogan over Syria. Late last
year, Mr. Trump abruptly announced a U.S. withdrawal from Syria,
citing Mr. Erdogan's commitment to fill any resulting security
vacuum.
But the move sparked outrage within the administration, and
prompted then-Defense Secretary Jim Mattis to resign, with many
warning Mr. Trump that Turkey would directly target U.S.-allied
Kurdish fighters in northern Syria.
Turkish officials said they turned to Russia for air-defense
equipment after the U.S. declined to sell Turkey the Patriot
antimissile system. The Trump administration subsequently offered
to sell the system last year, but Mr. Erdogan in June said the
proposal had fallen short of the deal Russia offered.
Mr. Trump on Tuesday repeated his assertion that he inherited an
intractable situation after the Obama administration imposed too
many conditions for Turkey to purchase the American-made Patriot
missile system, one of the most comprehensive NATO alternatives to
the S-400s.
Former President Obama's initial strong relationship with Mr.
Erdogan was strained by the U.S. decision to arm and train Syrian
Kurdish fighters in the battle against Islamic State. The same
issue has dogged relations between Messrs. Trump and Erdogan, and
the missile issue became intertwined with the two countries'
divergent goals in Syria.
In a phone conversation last December, the two discussed Syria
and Mr. Trump initially agreed to a Patriot missile deal on the
condition that Turkey abandon its S-400 deal with Russia, a senior
Turkish official said.
But Mr. Trump later publicly restated a U.S. demand that Turkey
guarantee the safety of the U.S.-backed Kurdish forces operating
across Turkey's border. Mr. Erdogan maintains that these Kurdish
fighters are terrorists and pose an existential threat to
Turkey.
On the night before the S-400 delivery last week, Turkish
state-run media reported a renewed Turkish military buildup along
the border with Syria, which some within the U.S. government saw as
an attempt to distract from the deal.
--David Gauthier-Villars in Istanbul contributed to this
article.
Write to Vivian Salama at vivian.salama@wsj.com, Michael C.
Bender at Mike.Bender@wsj.com and Michael R. Gordon at
michael.gordon@wsj.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
July 16, 2019 19:25 ET (23:25 GMT)
Copyright (c) 2019 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
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