Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Virtusa Corporation should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 (the “Annual Report”), which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
Forward-looking statements
The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that involve risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding anticipated future revenue, contract percentage completions, capital expenditures, the effect of new accounting pronouncements, management’s plans and objectives and other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, involve predictions. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those factors set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and those factors referred to or discussed in or incorporated by reference into the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. We urge you to consider those risks and uncertainties in evaluating our forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein (or elsewhere) to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
Business overview
Virtusa Corporation (the “Company”, “Virtusa”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a global provider of information technology (“IT”) consulting and outsourcing services that accelerate business outcomes for our clients. We support Forbes Global 2000 clients across large, consumer-facing industries like banking and financial services, insurance, healthcare, communications, and media and entertainment, as they look to improve their business performance through accelerating revenue growth, delivering compelling consumer experiences, improving operational efficiencies, and lowering overall IT costs. We provide services across the entire spectrum of the IT services lifecycle, from strategy and consulting, to technology and user experience (“UX”) design, development of IT applications, systems integration, testing and business assurance, and maintenance and support services, including infrastructure and managed services. Our services leverage our distinctive consulting approach and unique platforming methodology to transform our clients’ businesses through the innovative use of technology and domain knowledge to solve critical business problems. Our services enable our clients to accelerate business outcomes by consolidating, rationalizing and modernizing their core customer-facing processes into one or more core systems. We deliver cost-effective solutions through a global delivery model, applying advanced methods such as Agile, an industry standard technique designed to accelerate application development. We also use our consulting methodology, which we refer to as accelerated solution design (“ASD”), which is a collaborative decision-making and design process performed with the client, to ensure our solutions meet the client’s specifications and requirements. Our industry leading business transformational solutions combine deep domain expertise with our strengths in software engineering and business consulting to support our clients’ business imperative initiatives across business growth and IT operations. Headquartered in Massachusetts, we have offices in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, with global delivery centers in India, Sri Lanka, Hungary, Singapore and Malaysia, as well as near shore delivery
centers in the United States. At December 31, 2018, we had 21,476 employees, or team members, inclusive of our eTouch team members.
To strengthen our digital engineering capabilities and establish a solid base in Silicon Valley, on March 12, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into a share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India.
Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15.0 million set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price is being paid in three tranches, with $80.0 million paid at closing, $42.5 million on the 12‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17.5 million on the 18‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments.
On May 3, 2017, we entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (“Orogen”) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108 million with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the “Orogen Preferred Stock Financing”). In connection with the investment, Vikram S. Pandit, the former CEO of Citigroup, was appointed to Virtusa’s Board of Directors. Orogen is a new operating company that was created by Vikram Pandit and Atairos Group, Inc., an independent private company focused on supporting growth-oriented businesses, to leverage the opportunities created by the evolution of the financial services landscape and to identify and invest in financial services companies and related businesses with proven business models.
Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at our option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, we will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If we fail to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum.
In connection with the investment, we repaid $81 million of our outstanding senior term loan, and our board of directors approved the repurchase of approximately $30 million of our common stock.
On March 3, 2016, our Indian subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”), acquired approximately 51.7% of the fully diluted shares of Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) for approximately $168.3 million in cash (the “Polaris Transaction”) pursuant to a share purchase agreement dated as of November 5, 2015, by and among Virtusa India, Polaris and the promoter sellers named therein. Through a series of transactions and in compliance with the applicable Indian rules on takeovers and SEBI Delisting Regulations, Virtusa increased its ownership interest in Polaris from 51.7% to 93.0% by February 12, 2018, when Virtusa consummated its Polaris delisting offer with respect to the public shareholders of Polaris. The delisting offer resulted in an accepted exit price of INR 480 per share (“Exit Price”), for an aggregate consideration of approximately $145.0 million, exclusive of transaction and closing costs. On July 11, 2018, the stock exchanges on which Polaris common shares are listed notified Polaris that trading in equity shares of Polaris would be discontinued and delisted effective on August 1, 2018. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the Exit Price. In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018, Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or 4.3%, of Polaris common stock from Polaris public shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30.4 million. At December 31, 2018,
if all the remaining shares (approximately 3.34%) of Polaris were tendered at the Exit Price, we would pay additional consideration of approximately $23.8 million in the aggregate.
In connection with, and as part of the Polaris acquisition, on November 5, 2015, we entered into an amendment with Citigroup Technology, Inc. (“Citi”) and Polaris, which became effective upon the closing of the Polaris Transaction, pursuant to which Virtusa was added as a party to the master services agreement with Citi and Citi agreed to appoint the Company and Polaris as a preferred vendor.
On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and certain related transactions) and provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. We drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70.0 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32.0 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023 (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information). As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act contains several key tax provisions that will impact the Company, including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also includes a variety of other changes, such as a one-time repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings, a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing, and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction, among others. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company elected to treat several foreign entities as disregarded entities. The earnings of these subsidiaries will be subject to US taxation as well as local taxation with a corresponding foreign tax credit. (See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further information).
Financial overview
In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our revenue increased by 19.3% to $314.7 million, compared to $263.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our revenue increased by 24.5% to $920.2 million, compared to $739.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017.
In the three months ended December 31, 2018, net income available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 203.1% to a net income of $11.5 million, as compared to a net loss of $(11.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Net income increased by 200.4% to a net income of $4.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to a net loss of $(4.5) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017.
The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily resulted from:
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·
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Revenue from the eTouch acquisition
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·
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Broad based growth, particularly in our top ten clients
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·
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Revenue growth in our industry groups, led by banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups
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·
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Revenue growth led by North America and Europe
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The key drivers of the increase in our net income for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, were as follows:
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·
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Higher revenue growth, particularly from the eTouch acquisition, including growth in banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups
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·
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Substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, which resulted in higher gross profit and operating income
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·
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Substantial decrease in noncontrolling interest expense related to Polaris acquisition
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·
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Substantial decrease in tax expense reflective of impact of the Tax Act
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·
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For the three months ended December 31, 2018 only, an increase in the foreign currency transaction gains, primarily related to the revaluation of Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar
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partially offset by:
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·
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For the nine months ended December 31, 2018 only, an increase in foreign currency transaction losses, primarily related to the revaluation of Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar
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·
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Increased cost of revenue due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs
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·
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Increase in interest expense related to our term loan
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High repeat business and client concentration are common in our industry. During the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, 88% (reflecting new clients from the recent eTouch acquisition) and 96%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from clients who had been using our services for more than one year. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, 89% (reflecting new clients from the recent eTouch acquisition) and 97%, respectively, of our revenue was derived from clients who had been using our services for more than one year. Accordingly, our global account management and service delivery teams focus on expanding client relationships and converting new engagements to long-term relationships to generate repeat revenue and expand revenue streams from existing clients. We also have a dedicated business development team focused on generating engagements with new clients to continue to expand our client base and, over time, reduce client concentration.
We derive our revenue from two types of service offerings: application outsourcing, which is recurring in nature; and consulting, including technology implementation, which is non-recurring in nature. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, our application outsourcing and consulting revenue represented 53% and 47%, respectively of our total revenue as compared to 56% and 44%, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2017. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our application outsourcing and consulting revenue represented 53% and 47%, respectively, of our total revenue as compared to 57% and 43%, respectively, for the nine months ended December 31, 2017.
In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our North America revenue increased by 30.2%, or $52.0 million, to $224.1 million, or 71% of total revenue, from $172.1 million, or 65.2% of total revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our North America revenue increased by 35.6%, or $171.3 million, to $652.1 million, or 71% of total revenue, from $480.8 million, or 65.0% of total revenue in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to revenue from the eTouch acquisition and revenue growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients.
In the three months ended December 31, 2018, our European revenue increased by 2.8%, or $1.8 million, to $65.0 million, or 21% of total revenue, from $63.3 million, or 24.0% of total revenue in the three months ended December 31, 2017. In the nine months ended December 31, 2018, our European revenue increased by 10.5%, or $18.3 million, to $192.2 million, or 21% of total revenue, from $173.9 million, or 23.5% of total revenue in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenue for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to an increase in revenue from European banking and telecommunication clients.
Our gross profit increased by $12.8 million to $93.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $80.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017. Our gross profit increased by $54.7 million to $265.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $211.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in gross profit during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, was primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, gross margin decreased from 30.5% to 29.6% primarily due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, gross margin, as a percentage of revenue, was 28.9% and 28.6%, respectively.
We perform our services under both time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Revenue from fixed-price contracts represented 40% and 42% of total revenue, and revenue from time-and-materials contracts represented 60% and 58% of total revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Revenue from fixed-price contracts represented 40% and 39% of total revenue and revenue from time-and-materials contracts represented 60% and 61% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The revenue earned from fixed-price contracts in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 primarily reflects our client preferences.
As an IT services company, our revenue growth is highly dependent on our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain skilled IT professionals. We monitor our overall attrition rates and patterns to align our people management strategy with our growth objectives. At December 31, 2018, our attrition rate for the trailing 12 months, which reflects voluntary and involuntary attrition, was approximately 25.6%. Our attrition rate at December 31, 2018 reflects a higher rate of attrition as compared to the corresponding prior year period. The majority of our attrition occurs in India and Sri Lanka, and is weighted towards the more junior members of our staff. In response to higher attrition and as part of our retention strategies, we have experienced increases in compensation and benefit costs, which may continue in the future. However, we try to absorb such cost increases through price increases or cost management strategies such as managing discretionary costs, the mix of professional staff and utilization levels and achieving other operating efficiencies. If our attrition rate increases or is sustained at higher levels, our growth may slow and our cost of attracting and retaining IT professionals could increase.
We engage in a foreign currency hedging strategy using foreign currency forward contracts designed to hedge fluctuations in the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and U.K. pound sterling, as well as the euro, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar and the U.K. pound sterling against the U.S. dollar, when consolidated into U.S. dollars. In addition, as part of the Polaris acquisition, the Company has assumed a cash flow program designed to mitigate the impact of the volatility of the translation of Polaris U.S. dollar denominated revenue into Indian rupees to reduce the effect of change in these foreign currency exchange rates on our foreign operations. There is no assurance that these hedging programs or hedging contracts will be effective. Because these foreign currency forward contracts are designed to reduce volatility in the Indian rupee, U.K. pound sterling and euro exchange rates, they not only reduce the negative impact of a stronger Indian rupee, weaker U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar but also could reduce the positive impact of a weaker Indian rupee on our Indian rupee expenses or reduce the impact of a stronger U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar on our U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar denominated revenues.
Application of critical accounting estimates and risks
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the recoverability of tangible assets, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, in particular those related to the recognition of revenue and profits based on the percentage of completion method of accounting for fixed-price contracts, share-based compensation, income taxes, including reserves for uncertain tax positions, deferred taxes and liabilities, intangible assets and valuation of financial instruments including derivative contracts and investments. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates. Our management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the amounts of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Additional information about these critical accounting policies may be found in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section included in the Annual Report.
Results of operations
Three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017
The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
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Three Months Ended
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December 31,
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2018
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2017
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$
Change
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%
Change
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(Dollars in thousands)
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Revenue
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$
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314,681
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$
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263,809
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$
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50,872
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19.3
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%
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Costs of revenue
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221,461
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183,420
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38,041
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20.7
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%
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Gross profit
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93,220
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80,389
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12,831
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16.0
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%
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Operating expenses
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73,935
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66,726
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7,209
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10.8
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%
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Income from operations
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19,285
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13,663
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5,622
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41.1
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%
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Other income
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3,912
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2,843
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1,069
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|
37.6
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%
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Income before income tax expense
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|
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23,197
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16,506
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6,691
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40.5
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%
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Income tax expense
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10,400
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24,427
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(14,027)
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(57.4)
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%
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Net income (loss)
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12,797
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|
(7,921)
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20,718
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|
261.6
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%
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Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax
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|
|
221
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|
|
2,134
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|
(1,913)
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|
(89.6)
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%
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Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders
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|
12,576
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(10,055)
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22,631
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|
225.1
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%
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Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion
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1,087
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|
|
1,087
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|
|
—
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—
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Net income (loss) attributable to Virtusa common stockholders
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|
$
|
11,489
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|
$
|
(11,142)
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|
$
|
22,631
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|
203.1
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%
|
Revenue
Revenue increased by 19.3%, or $50.9 million, from $263.8 million during the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $314.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by revenue from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups. Revenue from North American clients in the three months ended December 31, 2018 increased by $52.0 million, or 30.2%, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, particularly due to revenue growth from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients. Revenue from European clients increased by $1.8 million, or 2.8%, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in revenue from European banking and telecommunications clients. We had 216 active clients at December 31, 2018, as compared to 200 active clients at December 31, 2017.
Cost of revenue
Costs of revenue increased from $183.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $221.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $38.0 million, or 20.7%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch) and related compensation and benefit costs of $27.8 million. The increased costs of revenue were also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $10.9 million.
At December 31, 2018, we had 19,266 IT professionals as compared to 17,355 at December 31, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased from 69.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 70.4% for three months ended December 31, 2018.
Gross profit
Our gross profit increased by $12.8 million, or 16.0%, to $93.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $80.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, for the three months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended December 31, 2017, gross margin decreased from 30.5% to 29.6% primarily due to higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs.
Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased from $66.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $73.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $7.2 million, or 10.8%. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $3.0 million in compensation related to an increase in the number of non-IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch retention bonuses) and stock compensation. The increase in operating costs were also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $1.3 million, an increase in facilities costs of $1.7 million and travel costs of $0.6 million. As a percentage of revenue, our operating expenses decreased from 25.3% in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 23.5% in the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Income from operations
Income from operations increased by 41.1%, from $13.7 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $19.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations increased from 5.2% in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 6.1% in the three months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee.
Other income
Other income increased by $1.1 million, from $2.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $3.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense decreased by $14.0 million, from $24.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to $10.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. Our effective tax rate decreased from 148.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 to 44.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in the tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2018, was primarily due to provisional amounts related to the Tax Act recorded during the three months ended December 31, 2017, offset by an increase in tax expense as a result of the election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for US tax purposes and the impact from the Global Intangible Low—taxed Income (“GILTI”) tax during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Noncontrolling interests
In connection with the Polaris acquisition, for the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a noncontrolling interest of $0.2 million, representing a 3.46% share of profits of Polaris held by parties other than Virtusa.
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders increased by 225.1%, from a net loss of $(10.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to net income of $12.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the three months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations, a decrease in tax expense and net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion
In connection with the Orogen Preferred Stock Financing, we accrued dividends and accreted issuance costs of $1.1 million at a rate of 3.875% per annum during the three months ended December 31, 2018.
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 203.1%, from a net loss of $(11.1) million in the three months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $11.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the three months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations, a decrease in tax expense and net foreign currency transaction gains related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial appreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar, partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017
The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
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Nine Months Ended
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December 31,
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|
|
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|
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|
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2018
|
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2017
|
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$
Change
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%
Change
|
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|
|
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
920,232
|
|
$
|
739,328
|
|
$
|
180,904
|
|
24.5
|
%
|
Costs of revenue
|
|
|
654,288
|
|
|
528,103
|
|
|
126,185
|
|
23.9
|
%
|
Gross profit
|
|
|
265,944
|
|
|
211,225
|
|
|
54,719
|
|
25.9
|
%
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
218,716
|
|
|
181,213
|
|
|
37,503
|
|
20.7
|
%
|
Income from operations
|
|
|
47,228
|
|
|
30,012
|
|
|
17,216
|
|
57.4
|
%
|
Other income (expense)
|
|
|
(22,173)
|
|
|
1,031
|
|
|
(23,204)
|
|
(2,250.6)
|
%
|
Income before income tax expense
|
|
|
25,055
|
|
|
31,043
|
|
|
(5,988)
|
|
(19.3)
|
%
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
15,863
|
|
|
26,725
|
|
|
(10,862)
|
|
(40.6)
|
%
|
Net income
|
|
|
9,192
|
|
|
4,318
|
|
|
4,874
|
|
112.9
|
%
|
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
|
|
|
1,407
|
|
|
5,947
|
|
|
(4,540)
|
|
(76.3)
|
%
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Virtusa stockholders
|
|
$
|
7,785
|
|
$
|
(1,629)
|
|
$
|
9,414
|
|
577.9
|
%
|
Less: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion
|
|
|
3,262
|
|
|
2,875
|
|
|
387
|
|
13.5
|
%
|
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders
|
|
$
|
4,523
|
|
$
|
(4,504)
|
|
$
|
9,027
|
|
200.4
|
%
|
Revenue
Revenue increased by 24.5%, or $180.9 million, from $739.3 million during the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $920.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by revenue from the eTouch acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance, telecommunications and healthcare industry groups. Revenue from North American clients in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 increased by $171.3 million, or 35.6%, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, particularly due to revenue growth from the eTouch
acquisition and growth in our banking, insurance and healthcare clients. Revenue from European clients increased by $18.3 million, or 10.5%, as compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in revenue from European telecommunications and banking clients. We had 216 active clients at December 31, 2018, as compared to 200 active clients at December 31, 2017.
Cost of revenue
Costs of revenue increased from $528.1 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $654.3 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $126.2 million, or 23.9%. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in the number of IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch) and related compensation and benefit costs of $96.5 million. The increased costs of revenue are also due to an increase in subcontractor costs of $28.7 million and an increase in travel expenses of $2.2 million. At December 31, 2018, we had 19,266 IT professionals as compared to 17,355 at December 31, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue decreased from 71.4% for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 71.1% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Gross profit
Our gross profit increased by $54.7 million, or 25.9%, to $265.9 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $211.2 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to higher revenue and substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee, partially offset by higher onsite effort and subcontractor costs. As a percentage of revenue, our gross profit was 28.9% and 28.6% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Operating expenses
Operating expenses increased from $181.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $218.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $37.5 million, or 20.7%. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $26.1 million in compensation related to an increase in the number of non-IT professionals (inclusive of eTouch retention bonuses) and stock compensation, an increase in facilities costs of $5.7 million, subcontractors costs of $1.8 million and travel costs of $2.2 million. As a percentage of revenue, our operating expenses decreased from 24.5% in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 23.8% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Income from operations
Income from operations increased by 57.4%, from $30.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $47.2 million income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations increased from 4.1% in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 5.1% in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee.
Other income (expense)
Other expense increased by $23.2 million from an income of $1.0 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to an expense of $22.2 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of a $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Income tax expense
Income tax expense decreased by $10.8 million, from $26.7 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to $15.9 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. Our effective tax rate decreased from 86.1% for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to 63.3% for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in the tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, was primarily due to a $19.8 million provisional amount related to the Tax Act recorded during the nine months ended December 31, 2017, offset by a deferred tax charge
of $6.3 million as a result of the election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for US tax purposes and an increase in the marginal tax rate during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Noncontrolling interests
In connection with the Polaris acquisition, for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a noncontrolling interest of $1.4 million, representing a 5.6% share of profits of Polaris held by parties other than Virtusa.
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa stockholders increased by 577.9%, from a net loss of $(1.6) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $7.8 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations and a decrease in tax expense, partially offset by an increase in net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of the $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock dividends and accretion
In connection with the Orogen Preferred Stock Financing, we accrued dividends and accreted issuance costs of $3.3 million at a rate of 3.875% per annum during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders
Net income(loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders increased by 200.4%, from a loss of $(4.5) million in the nine months ended December 31, 2017 to a net income of $4.5 million in the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in net income in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in income from operations and a decrease in tax expense, partially offset by an increase in net foreign currency transaction losses related to the revaluation of the $300 million Indian rupee denominated intercompany note, primarily due to a substantial depreciation of the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and an increase in interest expense related to our term loan.
Non-GAAP Measures
We include certain non-GAAP financial measures as defined by Regulation G by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these non-GAAP measures should be read in conjunction with our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.
We consider the total measure of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments to be an important indicator of our overall liquidity. All of our investments are classified as either equity or available-for-sale securities, including our long-term investments which consist of fixed income securities, including government agency bonds and corporate bonds, which meet the credit rating and diversification requirements of our investment policy as approved by our audit committee and board of directors.
The following table provides the reconciliation from cash and cash equivalents to total cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
As of March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2018
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
210,579
|
|
$
|
194,897
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
41,641
|
|
|
45,900
|
Long
-
term investments
|
|
|
862
|
|
|
4,140
|
Total cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long
-
term investments
|
|
$
|
253,082
|
|
$
|
244,937
|
We believe the following financial measures will provide additional insights to measure the operational performance of our business.
|
·
|
|
We present the following consolidated statements of income (loss) measures that exclude, when applicable, stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes and the impact from the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (“Tax Act”) to provide further insights into the comparison of our operating results among the periods:
|
|
·
|
|
Non-GAAP income from operations: income from operations, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss), excluding stock-based compensation expense, acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges
|
|
·
|
|
Non-GAAP operating margin: non-GAAP income from operations as a percentage of reported revenues
|
|
·
|
|
Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders: net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss), excluding stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of the above items, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries and the impact from the Tax Act.
|
|
·
|
|
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share: diluted earnings (loss) per share, as reported on our consolidated statements of income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders, excluding stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, impairment of investments, non-recurring third party financing costs, the tax impact of the above items, the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, the tax impact of dividends received from foreign subsidiaries and the impact from the Tax Act. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share is also subject to dilutive and anti-dilutive requirements of the if-converted method related to our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock that could result in a difference between GAAP to non-GAAP diluted weighted average shares outstanding.
|
The following table presents a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to the most comparable GAAP measure for the three and nine months ended December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GAAP income from operations
|
|
$
|
19,285
|
|
$
|
13,663
|
|
|
$
|
47,228
|
|
$
|
30,012
|
|
|
Add: Stock
-
based compensation expense
|
|
|
7,042
|
|
|
9,118
|
|
|
|
24,104
|
|
|
20,048
|
|
|
Add: Acquisition
-
related charges and restructuring charges(1)
|
|
|
6,378
|
|
|
3,227
|
|
|
|
17,872
|
|
|
9,087
|
|
|
Non
-
GAAP income from operations
|
|
$
|
32,705
|
|
$
|
26,008
|
|
|
$
|
89,204
|
|
$
|
59,147
|
|
|
GAAP operating margin
|
|
|
6.1
|
%
|
|
5.2
|
%
|
|
|
5.1
|
%
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
|
Effect of above adjustments to income from operations
|
|
|
4.3
|
%
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
|
|
4.6
|
%
|
|
3.9
|
%
|
|
Non
‑
GAAP operating margin
|
|
|
10.4
|
%
|
|
9.9
|
%
|
|
|
9.7
|
%
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
|
GAAP net income (loss) available to Virtusa common stockholders
|
|
$
|
11,489
|
|
$
|
(11,142)
|
|
|
$
|
4,523
|
|
$
|
(4,504)
|
|
|
Add: Stock
-
based compensation expense
|
|
|
7,042
|
|
|
9,118
|
|
|
|
24,104
|
|
|
20,048
|
|
|
Add: Acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges(1)
|
|
|
6,852
|
|
|
3,227
|
|
|
|
19,279
|
|
|
9,087
|
|
|
Add: Impairment of investment (9)
|
|
|
885
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
885
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
Add: Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses(2)
|
|
|
(8,319)
|
|
|
(2,576)
|
|
|
|
11,794
|
|
|
(1,019)
|
|
|
Add: Impact from the Tax Act(8)
|
|
|
(1,628)
|
|
|
19,815
|
|
|
|
(1,628)
|
|
|
19,815
|
|
|
Tax adjustments (3)
|
|
|
3,370
|
|
|
(3,210)
|
|
|
|
(6,573)
|
|
|
(9,798)
|
|
|
Less: Noncontrolling interest, net of taxes(4)
|
|
|
(103)
|
|
|
(647)
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
(1,326)
|
|
|
Non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders
|
|
$
|
19,588
|
|
$
|
14,585
|
|
|
$
|
52,460
|
|
$
|
32,303
|
|
|
GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share(6)
|
|
$
|
0.37
|
|
$
|
(0.38)
|
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
$
|
(0.15)
|
|
|
Effect of stock
-
based compensation expense(7)
|
|
|
0.21
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
|
|
0.72
|
|
|
0.63
|
|
|
Effect of acquisition
-
related charges and restructuring charges(1)(7)
|
|
|
0.20
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
|
0.57
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
|
Effect of impairment of investment (9)
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
Effect of foreign currency transaction (gains) losses(2)(7)
|
|
|
(0.25)
|
|
|
(0.08)
|
|
|
|
0.35
|
|
|
(0.03)
|
|
|
Effect of impact from the Tax Act(7)(8)
|
|
|
(0.05)
|
|
|
0.60
|
|
|
|
(0.05)
|
|
|
0.62
|
|
|
Tax adjustments(3)(7)
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
(0.10)
|
|
|
|
(0.20)
|
|
|
(0.31)
|
|
|
Effect of noncontrolling interest(4)(7)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(0.02)
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(0.04)
|
|
|
Effect of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock(6)(7)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
0.10
|
|
|
0.07
|
|
|
Effect of change in dilutive shares for non
-
GAAP(6)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
0.04
|
|
|
|
(0.01)
|
|
|
0.01
|
|
|
Non
-
GAAP diluted earnings per share(5)(7)
|
|
$
|
0.61
|
|
$
|
0.47
|
|
|
$
|
1.66
|
|
$
|
1.08
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Acquisition-related charges include, when applicable, amortization of purchased intangibles, external deal costs, transaction-related professional fees, acquisition-related retention bonuses, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, accreted interest related to deferred acquisition payments, charges for impairment of acquired intangible assets and other acquisition-related costs including integration expenses consisting of outside professional and consulting services and direct and incremental travel costs. Restructuring charges, when applicable, include
|
termination benefits, as well as certain professional fees related to the restructuring. The following table provides the details of the acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
Amortization of intangible assets
|
|
$
|
2,860
|
|
$
|
2,568
|
|
$
|
8,629
|
|
$
|
7,671
|
|
Acquisition & integration costs
|
|
|
3,518
|
|
|
431
|
|
|
9,243
|
|
|
431
|
|
Restructuring costs
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
228
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
985
|
|
Acquisition-related charges included in costs of revenue and operating expense
|
|
|
6,378
|
|
|
3,227
|
|
|
17,872
|
|
|
9,087
|
|
Accreted interest related to deferred acquisition payments
|
|
|
474
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,407
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total acquisition-related charges and restructuring charges
|
|
$
|
6,852
|
|
$
|
3,227
|
|
$
|
19,279
|
|
$
|
9,087
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are inclusive of gains and losses on related foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes.
|
|
(3)
|
|
Tax adjustments reflect the estimated tax effect of the non-GAAP adjustments using the tax rates at which these adjustments are expected to be realized for the respective periods, excluding the initial impact of our election to treat certain subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes. Tax adjustments also assume application of foreign tax credit benefits in the United States.
|
|
(4)
|
|
Noncontrolling interest represents the minority shareholders interest of Polaris.
|
|
(5)
|
|
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share is subject to rounding.
|
|
(6)
|
|
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 were included in the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been dilutive using the if-converted method. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 were excluded from the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.
|
During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, the weighted average shares outstanding of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of 3,000,000 and 2,637,363, respectively, were excluded from the calculations of GAAP diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive using the if-converted method.
The following table provides the non-GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders and non-GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding using if-converted method to calculate the non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
Non
-
GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders
|
|
$
|
19,588
|
|
$
|
14,585
|
|
$
|
52,460
|
|
$
|
32,303
|
|
Add: Dividends and accretion on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|
|
1,087
|
|
|
1,087
|
|
|
3,262
|
|
|
2,175
|
|
Non
-
GAAP net income available to Virtusa common stockholders and assumed conversion
|
|
$
|
20,675
|
|
$
|
15,672
|
|
$
|
55,722
|
|
$
|
34,478
|
|
GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding
|
|
|
33,661,728
|
|
|
29,295,730
|
|
|
30,598,114
|
|
|
29,387,977
|
|
Add: Dilutive effect of employee stock options and unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
709,961
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
637,830
|
|
Add: Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as converted
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
|
2,000,000
|
|
Non-GAAP dilutive weighted average shares outstanding
|
|
|
33,661,728
|
|
|
33,005,691
|
|
|
33,598,114
|
|
|
32,025,807
|
|
|
(7)
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|
To the extent the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is dilutive using the if-converted method, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is included in the weighted average shares outstanding to determine non-GAAP diluted earnings per share.
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|
(8)
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|
Impact from the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation (“Tax Act”).
|
|
(9)
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|
Other-than-temporary impairment of available-for-sale securities recognized in earnings.
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Liquidity and capital resources
We have financed our operations primarily from sales of shares of common stock, cash from operations, debt financing and from sales of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.
We do not believe the deemed repatriation tax on accumulated foreign earnings related to the Tax Act will have a significant impact on our cash flows in any individual fiscal year.
To strengthen our digital engineering capabilities and establish a solid base in Silicon Valley, on March 12, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement by and among the Company, eTouch Systems Corp. (“eTouch US”) and each of the equity holders of eTouch US to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US, and certain of the Company’s Indian subsidiaries entered into an share purchase agreement by and among those Company subsidiaries, eTouch Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd (“eTouch India,” together with eTouch US, “eTouch”) and the equity holders of eTouch India to acquire all of the outstanding shares of eTouch India.
Under the terms of the equity purchase agreement and the share purchase agreement, on March 12, 2018, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of eTouch US and eTouch India for approximately $140.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments, with up to an additional $15.0 million set aside for retention bonuses to be paid to eTouch management and key employees, in equal installments on the first and second anniversary of the transaction. The purchase price will be paid in three tranches with $80.0 million paid at closing, $42.5 million on the 12‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, and $17.5 million on the 18‑month anniversary of the close of the transaction, subject in each case to certain adjustments.
On March 3, 2016, our Indian subsidiary, Virtusa Consulting Services Private Limited (“Virtusa India”) acquired approximately 51.7% of the fully diluted shares of Polaris Consulting & Services Limited (“Polaris”) for approximately $168.3 million in cash (the “Polaris Transaction”) pursuant to a share purchase agreement dated as of November 5, 2015, by and among Virtusa India, Polaris and the promoter sellers named therein. Through a series of transactions and in compliance with the applicable Indian rules on takeovers and SEBI Delisting Regulations, Virtusa increased its ownership interest in Polaris from 51.7% to 93.0% by February 12, 2018 when Virtusa consummated its Polaris delisting offer with respect to the public shareholders of Polaris. The delisting offer resulted in an accepted exit price of INR 480 per share (“Exit Price”), for an aggregate consideration of approximately $145.0 million, exclusive of transaction and closing costs. On July 11, 2018, the stock exchanges on which Polaris common shares are listed notified Polaris that trading in equity shares of Polaris would be discontinued and delisted effective on August 1, 2018. For a period of one year following the date of delisting, Virtusa India will, in compliance with SEBI Delisting Regulations, permit the public shareholders of Polaris to tender their shares for sale to Virtusa India at the Exit Price. In connection with the Polaris delisting offer, during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 Virtusa India purchased 4,436,342 shares, or 4.3%, of Polaris common stock from Polaris public shareholders for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $30.4 million. At December 31, 2018, if all the remaining shares outstanding of Polaris (approximately 3.3%) were tendered at the Exit Price, we would pay additional consideration of approximately $23.8 million in the aggregate.
In connection with, and as part of the Polaris acquisition, on November 5, 2015, we entered into an amendment with Citigroup Technology, Inc. (“Citi”) and Polaris, which became effective upon the closing of the Polaris Transaction, pursuant to which Virtusa was added as a party to the master services agreement with Citi and Citi agreed to appoint the Company and Polaris as a preferred vendor.
On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and Mandatory Tender Offer) and provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. We drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023 (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information).
At December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95% respectively. For the description of the financial covenants of the Credit Agreement and certain other the terms please See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements.
The credit facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including all intellectual property and all securities in domestic subsidiaries (other than certain domestic subsidiaries where the material assets of such subsidiaries are equity in foreign subsidiaries), subject to customary exceptions and exclusions from the collateral. All obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by substantially all of the Company’s material direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions. These guarantees are secured by substantially all of the present and future property and assets of the guarantors, with certain exclusions.
At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants and has provided a quarterly certification to our lenders to that effect. We believe that we currently meet all conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement to borrow thereunder and we are not aware of any conditions that would prevent us from borrowing part or all of the
remaining available capacity under the existing revolving credit facility at December 31, 2018 and through the date of this filing.
On May 3, 2017, we entered into an investment agreement with The Orogen Group (“Orogen”) pursuant to which Orogen purchased 108,000 shares of the Company’s newly issued Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, initially convertible into 3,000,000 shares of common stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $108 million with an initial conversion price of $36.00 (the “Orogen Preferred Stock Financing”). In connection with the investment, Vikram S. Pandit, the former CEO of Citigroup, was appointed to Virtusa’s Board of Directors. Orogen is a new operating company that was created by Vikram Pandit and Atairos Group, Inc., an independent private company focused on supporting growth-oriented businesses, to leverage the opportunities created by the evolution of the financial services landscape and to identify and invest in financial services companies and related businesses with proven business models.
Under the terms of the investment, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a 3.875% dividend per annum, payable quarterly in additional shares of common stock and/or cash at our option. If any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have not been converted into common stock prior to May 3, 2024, we will be required to repurchase such shares at a repurchase price equal to the liquidation preference of the repurchased shares plus the amount of accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon. If we fail to effect such repurchase, the dividend rate on the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will increase by 1% per annum and an additional 1% per annum on each anniversary of May 3, 2024 during the period in which such failure to effect the repurchase is continuing, except that the dividend rate will not increase to more than 6.875% per annum. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company has paid $3.1 million as a cash dividend on its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.
The Company also uses interest rate swaps to mitigate the Company’s interest rate risk on the Company’s variable rate debt. The Company’s objective is to limit the variability of cash flows associated with changes in LIBOR interest rate payments due on the Credit Agreement (See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements), by using pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swaps to offset the future variable rate interest payments. The Company purchased interest rate swaps in July 2016 with an effective date of July 2017 and November 2018. The July 2016 interest rate swaps are at a blended weighted average of 1.025% and the Company will receive 1-month LIBOR on the same notional amounts. The November 2018 interest rate swaps are at a fixed rate of 2.85% and are designed to maintain a 50% coverage of our LIBOR debt, therefore the notional amount changes over the life of the swap to retain the 50% coverage target.
The counterparties to the Interest Rate Swap Agreements could demand an early termination of the June 2016 and November 2018 Swap Agreements if we are in default under the Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and we are unable to cure the default. An event of default under the Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and failure to comply with financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio commencing on December 31, 2017, of not more than 3.50 to 1.00 for periods ending prior to December 31, 2019, of not more than 3.25 to 1.00 commencing December 31, 2019 and for periods ending prior to September 30, 2020, and 3.00 to 1.00 thereafter and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with these covenants. The net unrealized loss associated with Interest Rate Swap Agreement was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2018, which represents the estimated amount that we would pay to the counterparties in the event of an early termination.
At December 31, 2018, a significant portion of our cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments was held by our foreign subsidiaries. We continually monitor our cash needs and employ tax planning and financing strategies to ensure cash is available in the appropriate jurisdictions to meet operating needs. The cash held by our foreign subsidiaries is considered indefinitely reinvested in local operations. If required, it could be repatriated to the United States. Due to the various methods by which such earnings could be repatriated in the future, the amount of taxes attributable to these earnings is not practicably determinable. If such earnings were to be repatriated in the future or are no longer deemed to be indefinitely reinvested, we will accrue the applicable amount of taxes.
Beginning in fiscal 2009, our U.K. subsidiary entered into an agreement with an unrelated financial institution to sell, without recourse, certain of its Europe-based accounts receivable balances from one client to the financial institution. During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, we sold $18.5 million of receivables under the terms of the financing agreement. Fees paid pursuant to this agreement were not material during the three and nine months ended December 31,
2018. No amounts were due under the financing agreement at December 31, 2017, but we may elect to use this program again in future periods. However, we cannot provide any assurances that this or any other financing facilities will be available or utilized in the future.
Cash flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2017
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
69,822
|
|
$
|
54,181
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
|
|
|
(22,047)
|
|
|
3,790
|
|
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(18,307)
|
|
|
19,838
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
|
|
(13,530)
|
|
|
4,123
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
|
|
|
15,938
|
|
|
81,932
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
|
|
|
195,236
|
|
|
145,086
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
|
|
$
|
211,174
|
|
$
|
227,018
|
|
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in the working capital and an increase in the net income adjusted for non-cash expenses, partially offset by a decrease in long-term assets and long-term liabilities during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net cash used in investing activities is primarily due to the increase in the purchase of property and equipment and a net increase in the purchase of investments during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.
Financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities increased in the nine months ended December 31, 2018 compared to nine months ended December 31, 2017. The increase in net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 is primarily due to the payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest, an increase in payment of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock, payment of debt and an increase in payment of dividend on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, partially offset by proceeds from the revolving credit facility.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
We do not have investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt.
We have entered into foreign currency derivative contracts with the objective of limiting our exposure to changes in the Indian rupee, the U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar, the Australian dollar as described below and in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”
We maintain a foreign currency cash flow hedging program designed to further mitigate the risks of volatility in the Indian rupee against the U.S. dollar and U.K. pound sterling as described below in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” From time to time, we may also purchase multiple foreign currency forward contracts designed to hedge fluctuation in foreign currencies, such as the U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency denominated
revenue and expenses. Other than these foreign currency derivative contracts, we have not entered into off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are likely to affect liquidity or the availability of or requirements for capital resources.
Recent accounting pronouncements
See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our market risks, and the ways we manage them, are summarized in Part II, Item 7A of the Annual Report. There have been no material changes in the three or nine months ended December 31, 2018 to such risks or to our management of such risks except for the additional factors noted below.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk in the ordinary course of business. We have historically entered into, and in the future we may enter into, foreign currency derivative contracts to minimize the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on both foreign currency denominated assets and forecasted revenue and expenses. The purpose of this foreign exchange policy is to protect us from the risk that the recognition of and eventual cash flows related to Indian rupee denominated expenses might be affected by changes in exchange rates. Some of these contracts meet the criteria for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges (See Note 6 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included herein for a description of recent hedging activities).
We evaluate our foreign exchange policy on an ongoing basis to assess our ability to address foreign exchange exposures on our balance sheet, statement of income and operating cash flows from all foreign currencies, including most significantly the U.K. pound sterling and the Indian rupee.
We have two 18 month rolling programs comprised of a series of foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges. One program is designed to mitigate the impact of volatility in the U.S. dollar equivalent of our Indian rupee denominated expenses. The second program was assumed as part of the Polaris acquisition and is intended to mitigate the volatility of the U.S. dollar denominated revenue that is translated into Indian rupees. While these hedges are achieving the designed objective, upon consolidation they may cause volatility in revenue. The U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of all outstanding foreign currency derivative contracts at December 31, 2018 was $158.9 million. There is no assurance that these hedging programs or hedging contracts will be effective. As these foreign currency hedging programs are designed to reduce volatility in the Indian rupee, they not only reduce the negative impact of a stronger Indian rupee but also reduce the positive impact of a weaker Indian rupee on our Indian rupee expenses.
The U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar exchange fluctuations can have an unpredictable impact on our U.K. pound sterling and the euro revenues generated and costs incurred. In response to this volatility, we have entered into hedging transactions designed to hedge our forecasted revenue and expenses denominated in the U.K. pound sterling, the euro, the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar. These derivative contracts have maximum duration of 92 days and do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting. Such hedges may not be effective in mitigating this currency volatility. These hedges are designed to reduce the negative impact of a weaker U.K. pound sterling, euro, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar, however they also reduce the positive impact of a stronger U.K. pound sterling or the euro on the respective revenues.
Interest Rate Risk
On February 6, 2018, we entered into a $450.0 million credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with a syndicated bank group jointly lead by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which amends and restates our prior $300.0 million credit agreement (which we had originally entered into on February 25, 2016 (“Prior Credit Agreement”) to fund the Polaris acquisition and Mandatory Tender Offer) and provides for a $200.0 million
revolving credit facility, a $180.0 million term loan facility, and a $70.0 million delayed-draw term loan. Virtusa drew down $180.0 million under the term loan of the Credit Agreement and $55.0 million under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement to repay in full the amount outstanding under the Prior Credit Agreement and fund the Polaris delisting transaction. On March 12, 2018, we drew down the $70 million delayed draw to fund the eTouch acquisition. On August 14, 2018, we drew down $32 million from our credit facility to fund the Polaris delisting open offer. Interest under this new credit facility accrues at a rate per annum of LIBOR plus 3.0%, subject to step-downs based on the Company’s ratio of debt to EBITDA. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to minimize interest rate exposure. The Credit Agreement includes maximum debt to EBITDA and minimum fixed charge coverage covenants. The term of the Credit Agreement is five years, ending February 6, 2023. At December 31, 2018, the interest rates on the term loan and line of credit were 5.03% and 4.95% respectively. At December 31, 2018, the outstanding amount under the Credit Agreement was $327.6 million.
At December 31, 2018 we had $253.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments, the interest income from which is affected by changes in interest rates. Our invested securities primarily consist of government sponsored entity bonds, money market mutual funds, commercial paper, corporate debts and preference shares. Our investments in debt securities are classified as “available-for-sale” and are recorded at fair value. Our “available-for-sale” investments are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes would result in a change in the net fair value of these financial instruments due to the difference between the market interest rate at the period end and the market interest rate at the date of purchase of the financial instrument.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments which potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments, accounts receivable, derivative contracts, other financial assets and unbilled accounts receivable. We place our operating cash, investments and derivatives in highly-rated financial institutions. We adhere to a formal investment policy with the primary objective of preservation of principal, which contains minimum credit rating and diversification requirements. We believe that our credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk. We do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties and, accordingly, do not require collateral. Credit losses and write-offs of accounts receivable balances have historically not been material to our financial statements and have not exceeded our expectations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
At December 31, 2018, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level in (i) enabling us to record, process, summarize and report information required to be included in our periodic SEC filings within the required time period and (ii) ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.