Quarterly Report (10-q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-38163

PetIQ, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	35‑2554312
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

923 S. Bridgeway Pl.	83616
Eagle, Idaho	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
208‑939‑8900
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value	PETQ	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒

Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company☐

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of May 8, 2020, we had 24,341,237 shares of Class A common stock and 4,039,658 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

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PetIQ, Inc.

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			Page

Part I.	Financial Information		3

	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
		PetIQ, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		PetIQ, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income	4
		PetIQ, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income	5
		PetIQ, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
		PetIQ, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	8
		PetIQ, Inc. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
	Item 5	Other information	41

Part II.	Other Information

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	41
	Item 6.	Exhibits	41

Signatures			42

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in 000’s except for per share amounts)



	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,108	$	27,272
Accounts receivable, net		131,541		71,377
Inventories		118,738		79,703
Other current assets		8,043		7,071
Total current assets		286,430		185,423
Property, plant and equipment, net		54,240		52,525
Operating lease right of use assets		20,582		20,785
Deferred tax assets		64,149		59,780
Other non-current assets		3,268		3,214
Intangible assets, net		117,621		119,956
Goodwill		230,702		231,045
Total assets	$	776,992	$	672,728
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	78,733	$	51,538
Accrued wages payable		6,536		9,082
Accrued interest payable		643		83
Other accrued expenses		5,968		3,871
Current portion of operating leases		4,770		4,619
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases		3,841		3,821
Total current liabilities		100,491		73,014
Operating leases, less current installments		16,283		16,580
Long-term debt, less current installments		325,432		251,376
Finance leases, less current installments		3,225		3,331
Other non-current liabilities		58		117
Total non-current liabilities		344,998		271,404
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Equity
Additional paid-in capital		312,874		300,120
Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 125,000 shares authorized; 24,318 and 23,554 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		24		23
Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 100,000 shares authorized; 4,049 and 4,752 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		4		5
Accumulated deficit		(18,006)		(15,903)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,655)		(1,131)
Total stockholders' equity		293,241		283,114
Non-controlling interest		38,262		45,196
Total equity		331,503		328,310
Total liabilities and equity	$	776,992	$	672,728

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income

(Unaudited, in 000’s except for per share amounts)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019

Product sales	$	166,280	$	126,084
Services revenue		20,498		22,352
Total net sales		186,778		148,436
Cost of products sold		134,779		108,064
Cost of services		19,845		15,642
Total cost of sales		154,624		123,706
Gross profit		32,154		24,730
Operating expenses
General and administrative expenses		31,690		20,538
Contingent note revaluations gain		—		(680)
Operating income		464		4,872
Interest expense, net		(4,704)		(1,937)
Foreign currency gain (loss), net		73		(122)
Other income, net		365		13
Total other expense, net		(4,266)		(2,046)
Pretax net (loss) income		(3,802)		2,826
Income tax benefit (expense)		1,169		(500)
Net (loss) income		(2,633)		2,326
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest		(530)		715
Net (loss) income attributable to PetIQ, Inc.	$	(2,103)	$	1,611
Net (loss) income per share attributable to PetIQ, Inc. Class A common stock
Basic	$	(0.09)	$	0.07
Diluted	$	(0.09)	$	0.07
Weighted Average shares of Class A common stock outstanding
Basic		23,728		21,800
Diluted		23,728		21,978

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited, in 000’s)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(574)		539
Comprehensive (loss) income		(3,207)		2,865
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest		(623)		848
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to PetIQ	$	(2,584)	$	2,017

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in 000’s)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets and loan fees		5,470		3,091
Gain on disposition of property, plant, and equipment		(375)		(34)
Stock based compensation expense		2,558		1,544
Deferred tax adjustment		(1,169)		500
Contingent note revaluation		—		(680)
Other non-cash activity		33		17
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(60,217)		(20,444)
Inventories		(39,069)		(20,366)
Other assets		(1,090)		21
Accounts payable		27,827		17,335
Accrued wages payable		(2,561)		(1,150)
Other accrued expenses		2,620		(359)
Net cash used in operating activities		(68,606)		(18,199)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant, and equipment		429		47
Purchase of property, plant, and equipment		(5,075)		(897)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,646)		(850)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		239,600		134,134
Principal payments on long-term debt		(165,816)		(125,717)
Tax distributions to LLC Owners		(20)		(1,378)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(394)		(371)
Payment of deferred financing fees and debt discount		—		(50)
Tax withholding payments on Restricted Stock Units		(149)		—
Exercise of options to purchase class A common stock		1,002		315
Net cash provided by financing activities		74,223		6,933
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		971		(12,116)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(135)		123
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		27,272		66,360
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	28,108	$	54,367

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued

(Unaudited, in 000’s)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Supplemental cash flow information	2020		2019
Interest paid	$	3,789	$	2,146
Net change in property, plant, and equipment acquired through accounts payable		681		(51)
Finance lease additions		381		210
Net change of deferred tax asset from step-up in basis		3,199		3,138
Income taxes paid		89		176
Accrued tax distribution		106		257

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited, in 000’s)


	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Accumulated
			Other										Additional
	Accumulated		Comprehensive										Paid-in		Non-controlling		Total
	Deficit		Loss		Class A Common				Class B Common				Capital		Interest		Equity
					Shares		Dollars		Shares		Dollars
Balance - January 1, 2020	$	(15,903)	$	(1,131)		23,554	$	23		4,752	$	5	$	300,120	$	45,196	$	328,310
Exchange of LLC Interests held by LLC Owners		—		(43)		703		1		(703)		(1)		6,665		(6,622)		—
Net increase in deferred tax asset from LLC Interest transactions		—		—		—		—		—		—		3,199		—		3,199
Accrued tax distributions		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(106)		(106)
Other comprehensive income		—		(481)		—		—		—		—		—		(93)		(574)
Stock based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,142		416		2,558
Exercise of Options to purchase Common Stock		—		—		46		—		—		—		1,002		—		1,002
Issuance of stock vesting of RSU's, net of tax withholdings		—		—		15		—		—		—		(255)		—		(255)
Net loss		(2,103)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(530)		(2,633)
Balance - March 31, 2020	$	(18,006)	$	(1,655)		24,318	$	24		4,049	$	4	$	312,874	$	38,262	$	331,503


	Three months ended March 31, 2019
			Accumulated
			Other										Additional
	Accumulated		Comprehensive										Paid-in		Non-controlling		Total
	Deficit		Loss		Class A Common				Class B Common				Capital		Interest		Equity
					Shares		Dollars		Shares		Dollars
Balance - January 1, 2019	$	(4,450)	$	(1,316)		21,620	$	22		6,547	$	7	$	262,219	$	64,496	$	320,977
Exchange of LLC Interests held by LLC Owners		—		(31)		519		1		(519)		(1)		5,049		(5,018)		—
Net increase in deferred tax asset from LLC Interest transactions		—		—		—		—		—		—		3,138		—		3,138
Accrued tax distributions		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(257)		(257)
Other comprehensive loss		—		406		—		—		—		—		—		133		539
Stock based compensation expense		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,195		349		1,544
Exercise of Options to purchase Common Stock		—		—		17		—		—		—		315		—		315
Issuance of stock for vesting of RSU's		—		—		1		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net Loss		1,611		—		—		—		—		—		—		715		2,326
Balance - March 31, 2019	$	(2,839)	$	(941)		22,157	$	22		6,028	$	6	$	271,916	$	60,418	$	328,582

Note that certain figures shown in the tables above may not recalculate due to rounding.

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PetIQ Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1 – Principal Business Activity and Significant Accounting Policies

Principal Business Activity and Principles of Consolidation

PetIQ is a leading pet medication and wellness company delivering a smarter way for pet parents to help their pets live their best lives through convenient access to affordable veterinary products and services. We engage with customers through more than 60,000 points of distribution across retail, including veterinary, and e-commerce channels with our branded distributed medications, which is further supported by our own world-class medication manufacturing facility in Omaha, Nebraska. Our national service platform, VIP Petcare (“VIP”), operates in over 3,400 retail partner locations in 41 states, providing cost effective and convenient veterinary wellness services. PetIQ believes that pets are an important part of the family and deserve the best products and care we can give them.

We have two reporting segments: (i) Products; and (ii) Services. The Products segment consists of our manufacturing and distribution business. The Services segments consists of veterinary services, and related product sales, provided by the Company directly to consumers.

We are the sole managing member of PetIQ Holdings, LLC (“HoldCo”), a Delaware limited liability company, which is the sole member of PetIQ, LLC (“Opco”) and, through Holdco, operate and control all of the business and affairs of Opco.

The condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and related notes thereto included in most recent annual report and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form 10-K on March 11, 2020. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets; the valuation of property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill, the valuation of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the valuation of inventories, and reserves for legal contingencies.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-tiered hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

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The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are at cost, which approximates fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The guarantee note is carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our term loan and revolving credit facility bear interest at a variable interest rate plus an applicable margin and, therefore, carrying amounts approximate fair value.

A portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of Community Veterinary Clinics, LLC d/b/a VIP Petcare (“VIP” and such acquisition, the “VIP Acquisition”) was structured in the form of Contingent Notes (the “Contingent Notes”) that vested based on the combined Company EBITDA targets for the years ending December 31, 2018 and 2019 (“Measurement Dates”). The combined Company EBITDA targets were met for each year end, and as such the Contingent Notes were earned. As such, the portion of the liability as it relates to each Contingent Note became fixed as of December 31, 2019, and 2018, and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value as the stated interest rate is consistent with current market rates. See Note 2 – “Business Combinations” for more information regarding the VIP Acquisition.

The Contingent Notes are included in long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Contingent Notes began bearing interest at a fixed rate of 6.75% once they were earned, with the balance payable July 17, 2023.

The Company was required to reassess the fair value of the Contingent Notes at each reporting period prior to the Measurement Dates.

The following table summarizes the Level 3 activity related to the Contingent Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2019:


$'s in 000's
Balance at beginning of the period	$	2,680
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(680)
Balance at the end of the period	$	2,000

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition. All credit card, debit card and electronic transfer transactions that process in less than seven days are classified as cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash accounts in various deposit accounts, the balances of which at times exceeded federal deposit insurance limits during the periods presented.

Receivables and Credit Policy

Trade receivables due from customers are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms generally requiring payment within 45 days from the invoice date. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer, net of discounts and estimated deductions. The Company does not have a policy for charging interest on overdue customer account balances. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to expected losses. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience, a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable, and known current economic conditions including the current and expected impact of COVID-19. Payments of trade receivables are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer's remittance advice.

Other receivables consists of various receivables due from vendors, banking partners, and notes receivable from suppliers.

Accounts receivable consists of the following as of:

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$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade receivables	$	124,845	$	67,551
Other receivables		7,040		4,257
		131,885		71,808
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts		(344)		(431)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	131,541	$	71,377

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first-in first-out (“FIFO”) method and includes estimated rebate amounts. The Company maintains reserves for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory based on the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated net realizable value. In estimating the reserves, management considers factors such as excess or slow-moving inventories, product expiration dating, and market conditions. Changes in these conditions may result in additional reserves. Major components of inventories consist of the following as of:


$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	10,755	$	10,675
Work in progress		2,178		1,717
Finished goods		105,805		67,311
Total inventories	$	118,738	$	79,703

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method, based on estimated useful lives of the assets, except for leasehold improvements and finance leased assets which are depreciated over the shorter of the expected useful life or the lease term. Depreciation and amortization expense is recorded in cost of sales and general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, depending on the use of the asset. The estimated useful lives of property, plant, and equipment are as follows:


Computer equipment and software			3 years
Vehicle and vehicle accessories			3-5 years
Buildings			33 years
Equipment			2-15 years
Leasehold improvements			3-15 years
Furniture and fixtures			5-10 years

Revenue Recognition

When Performance Obligations Are Satisfied

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account for revenue recognition. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s performance obligations are product sales and the delivery of veterinary services.

Revenue is generally recognized for product sales on a point in time basis when product control is transferred to the customer. In general, control transfers to the customer when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer based upon applicable shipping terms, as the customer can direct the use and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the asset at this point in time.

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The Company determined that certain products manufactured to a customer’s specifications do not have an alternative future use at a reasonable profit margin due to costs associated with reworking, transporting and repackaging these products. These products are produced subject to purchase orders that include an enforceable right to payment. Therefore the Company determined that revenue on these products would be recognized over time, as the products are produced. This represents a minor subset of the products the Company manufactures.

Revenue is recognized for services at the time the service is delivered. Customer contracts generally do not include more than one performance obligation. When a contract does contain more than one performance obligation, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The standalone selling price for each distinct good is generally determined by directly observable data.

Incentives in the form of cash paid to the customer (or a reduction of a customer cash payment to us) typically are recognized as a reduction of sales unless the incentive is for a distinct benefit that we receive from the customer (e.g., advertising or marketing).

The performance obligations in our contracts are satisfied within one year. As such, we have not disclosed the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2020.

Significant Payment Terms

Our customer contracts identify the product, quantity, price, payment and final delivery terms. Payment terms usually include early pay discounts. We grant payment terms consistent with industry standards. Although some payment terms may be more extended, no terms beyond one year are granted at contract inception. As a result, we do not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component because the period between our transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and the customer’s payment for that good or service will be one year or less.

Shipping

All shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in the cost of sales. This includes shipping and handling costs after control over a product has transferred to a customer.

Variable Consideration

In addition to fixed contract consideration, most contracts include some form of variable consideration. The most common forms of variable consideration include discounts, rebates, and sales returns and allowances. Variable consideration is treated as a reduction in revenue when product revenue is recognized. Depending on the specific type of variable consideration, we use either the expected value or most likely amount method to determine the variable consideration. We believe there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration when any related uncertainties are resolved with our customers. The Company reviews and updates its estimates and related accruals of variable consideration each period based on the terms of the agreements, historical experience, and any recent changes in the market. Any uncertainties in the ultimate resolution of variable consideration due to factors outside of the Company’s influence are typically resolved within a short timeframe therefore not requiring any additional constraint on the variable consideration.

Trade marketing expense, consisting primarily of customer pricing allowances and merchandising funds are offered through various programs to customers and are designed to promote our products. They include the cost of in-store product displays, feature pricing in retailers' advertisements and other temporary price reductions. These programs are offered to our customers both in fixed and variable (rate per case) amounts. The ultimate cost of these programs depends on retailer performance and is subject to management estimates.

Certain retailers require the payment of product introductory fees in order to obtain space for the Company's products on the retailer's store shelves. This cost is typically a lump sum and is determined using the expected value based on the contract between the two parties.

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Both trade marketing expense and product introductory fees are recognized as reductions of revenue at the time the transfer of control of the associated products occurs. Accruals for expected payouts, or amounts paid in advance, under these programs are included as accounts payable or other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Warranties & Returns

PetIQ provides all customers with a standard or assurance type warranty. Either stated or implied, the Company provides assurance the related products will comply with all agreed-upon specifications and other warranties provided under the law. No significant services beyond an assurance warranty are provided to customers.

The Company does not grant a general right of return. However, customers may return defective or non-conforming products. Customer remedies may include either a cash refund or an exchange of the product. As a result, the right of return and related refund liability is estimated and recorded as a reduction in revenue. This return estimate is reviewed and updated each period and is based on historical sales and return experience.

Contract balances

Contract asset and liability balances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are immaterial. The Company does not have significant deferred revenue or unbilled receivable balances.

Cost of Services

Cost of Services are comprised of all service and product costs related to the delivery of veterinary services, including but not limited to, salaries of veterinarians, technicians and other clinic based personnel, transportation and delivery costs, rent, occupancy costs, supply costs, depreciation and amortization of clinic assets, certain marketing and promotional expenses and costs of goods sold.

Research and Development and Advertising Costs

Research and development and advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs amounted to $1.0 million and $0.1 million for three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Advertising costs were $2.5 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Collaboration Agreements

Through the Company’s 2019 acquisition of all the outstanding stock of Sergeant’s Pet Care Products, Inc. (“Sergeant’s”), d/b/a Perrigo Animal Health, including any assets related to Perrigo Company plc’s animal health business (the “Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition”), we entered into a product development and asset purchase agreement with a third party for certain product formulations in development by the third party. The Company may make up to $20.8 million of payments over the course of the next several years contingent on achievement of certain development and regulatory approval milestones. Product development costs are expensed as incurred or as milestone payments become probable. There can be no assurance that these products will be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) on the anticipated schedule or at all. Consideration paid after FDA approval will be capitalized and amortized to cost of goods sold over the economic life of each product. The expenses paid prior to FDA approval will be included in General and Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. No costs were incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.

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Income taxes

The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. The Company may record a valuation allowance, if conditions are applicable, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

Non-controlling interest

The non-controlling interests on the condensed consolidated statements of (loss) income represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the economic interest in the Company’s subsidiary, Holdco, held by the non-controlling holders of Class B common stock and limited liability company interests in Holdco. Non-controlling interests on the condensed consolidated balance sheet represents the portion of net assets of the Company attributable to the non-controlling holders of Class B common stock and limited liability company interests in Holdco, based on the portion of the LLC Interests owned by holders of Class B common stock and limited liability company interests in Holdco. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the non-controlling interest was approximately 14.3% and 16.8%, respectively.

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, claims, litigation, investigations and contingencies arising out of the ordinary course of business. If the likelihood of an adverse legal outcome is determined to be probable and the amount of loss is estimable, then a liability is accrued in accordance with accounting guidance for Contingencies. If the assessment indicates a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. The Company consults with both internal and external legal counsel related to litigation.

Adopted Accounting Standard Updates

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses." This ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets, including trade receivables, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable information. Organizations will now use forward-looking information to better estimate their credit losses. The Company adopted this ASU using a modified retrospective approach. Under this method of adoption, the Company determined that there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning Retained earnings on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Adoption of this standard did not impact the Company’s income before income taxes and had no impact on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

Note 2 – Business Combination

Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition

On July 8, 2019, PetIQ, through Opco, completed the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition. Sergeant’s is now an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

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The fair value of the consideration is summarized as follows:



$'s in 000's	Fair Value
Inventories	$	17,998
Property, plant and equipment		19,568
Other current assets		13,048
Other assets		9,680
Indefinite-lived intangible assets		23,040
Definite-lived intangible assets - 13 year weighted average life		14,480
Goodwill		105,838
Total assets		203,652

Liabilities assumed		19,259

Purchase price	$	184,393

Cash paid, net of cash acquired	$	(185,090)
Post-closing working capital adjustment		697

Fair value of total consideration transferred	$	(184,393)

The definite-lived intangibles primarily relate to trademarks, customer relationships, developed technology and know-how and in-process research and development intangibles. The $14.5 million represents the fair value and will be amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets through June 2039. Amortization expense for these definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.6 million.

The indefinite-lived intangibles primarily relate to trademarks and in-process research and development. We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate impairment may exist.

Goodwill represents the future economic benefits that do not qualify for separate recognition and primarily includes the assembled workforce and other non-contractual relationships, as well as expected future synergies. Approximately $105.8 million of goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was allocated to the Products segment.

Pro Forma Combined Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

The following unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations presents the Company's operations as if the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition and related financing activities had occurred on January 1, 2019. Additionally the share count utilized and Net (loss) income do not account for non-controlling interests. The pro forma combined statements of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations as they would have been had the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition been effected on the assumed date and are not intended to be a projection of future results: Pro forma results for the three months ended March 31, 2019:


($'s in 000's, except per share data)
Net sales	$	168,005
Net (loss) income	$	1,636

(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.08
Diluted	$	0.07

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the acquired business had Product sales of $23.8 million and pre-tax net income of $6.9 million and are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

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Note 3 – Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment consists of the following at:


$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	17,252	$	15,517
Equipment		23,666		23,138
Vehicles and accessories		5,985		6,007
Computer equipment and software		9,642		8,070
Buildings		10,069		10,050
Furniture and fixtures		1,951		1,836
Land		4,557		4,557
Construction in progress		3,824		3,392
		76,946		72,567
Less accumulated depreciation		(22,706)		(20,042)
Total property, plant, and equipment	$	54,240	$	52,525

Depreciation expense related to these assets was $2.9 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

Note 4 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets consist of the following at:


$'s in 000's	Useful Lives	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Amortizable intangibles
Certification	7 years	$	350	$	350
Customer relationships	12-20 years		89,170		89,232
Patents and processes	5-10 years		4,828		4,928
Brand names	5-15 years		14,971		15,019
Total amortizable intangibles			109,319		109,529
Less accumulated amortization			(15,184)		(13,058)
Total net amortizable intangibles			94,135		96,471
Non-amortizable intangibles
Trademarks and other			18,016		18,016
In-process research and development			5,470		5,469
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization		$	117,621	$	119,956

Certain intangible assets are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar; therefore, their gross and net carrying values are subject to foreign currency movements. Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $2.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

The in-process research and development (“IPRD”), intangible assets represent the value assigned to acquired R&D projects that principally represent rights to develop and sell a product that the Company has acquired which have not yet been completed or approved. The IPRD acquired as part of the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition is accounted for as an indefinite-lived asset until the product is available for sale and regulatory approval is obtained, or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. If the research and development efforts are successfully completed, the IPRD would be amortized over its then estimated useful life. The fair value of the IPRD was estimated using the multi-period excess earnings income method. The projected cash flows estimates for the future products were based on certain key assumptions including estimates of future revenues and expenses, taking into account the stage of development at the acquisition date and the resources needed to complete development.

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Estimated future amortization expense for each of the following years is as follows:


Years ending December 31, ($'s in 000's)
Remainder of 2020	$	6,708
2021		8,941
2022		9,154
2023		8,796
2024		6,788
Thereafter		53,748

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the period from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020:


	Reporting Unit
($'s in 000's)	Products		Services		Total
Goodwill as of January 1, 2019		77,765		47,264		125,029
Foreign currency translation		178		—		178
Acquisitions		105,838		—		105,838
Goodwill as of December 31, 2019		183,781		47,264		231,045
Foreign currency translation		(343)		—		(343)
Goodwill as of March 31, 2020	$	183,438	$	47,264	$	230,702

Note 5 – Debt

A&R Credit Agreement

In connection with the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition, the Company amended the existing revolving credit agreement of Opco and each of its domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Amended Revolving Credit Agreement”) on July 8, 2019. The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility of $125 million that matures on July 8, 2024. The borrowers under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility incur fees between 0.375% and 0.50% as unused facility fees, dependent on the aggregate amount borrowed.

All obligations under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by HoldCo and, subject to certain exceptions, each of its material current and future domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries. All obligations under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and guarantor under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement, subject to certain exceptions.

The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the borrowers and guarantors thereunder to (subject to certain exceptions): (i) make investments, loans or advances; (ii) incur additional indebtedness; (iii) create liens on assets; (iv) engage in mergers or consolidations and/or sell assets; (v) pay dividends and distributions or repurchase our equity interests; (vi) repay subordinated indebtedness; (vii) make certain acquisitions; and (viii) other restrictions typical for a credit agreement of this type. As of March 31, 2020, the borrowers and guarantors thereunder were in compliance with these covenants. Although the Company currently expects continued compliance with debt covenants, the impact COVID-19 may negatively affect the Company’s ability to comply with these covenants. The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default (including change of control). In addition, the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement contains a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant which is tested if availability under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement falls below a certain level. As of March 31, 2020, the borrower and guarantors thereunder were in compliance with these covenants.

As of March 31, 2020, $84.3 million was outstanding under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement. The weighted average interest rate on the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement was 3.1% at March 31, 2020.

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A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement

Also in connection with the closing of the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition, the Company amended and restated the existing term loan credit agreement of Opco (the “A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement”) on July 8, 2019. The $220.0 million A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement has an interest rate equal to the Eurodollar rate plus 4.50%. The proceeds of the A&R Term Loan Agreement were used to refinance the existing term loan facility and consummate the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition.

All obligations under the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by PetIQ Holdings, LLC and each of its domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries and, subject to certain exceptions, each of its material current and future domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries. All obligations under the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by substantially all of the assets of PetIQ, LLC and each guarantor under the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement, subject to certain exceptions.

The A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the borrower and guarantors thereunder to (subject to certain exceptions): (i) make investments, loans or advances; (ii) incur additional indebtedness; (iii) create liens on assets; (iv) engage in mergers or consolidations and/or sell assets; (v) pay dividends and distributions or repurchase our equity interests; (vi) repay subordinated indebtedness; (vii) make certain acquisitions; and (viii) other restrictions typical for a credit agreement of this type. The A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default (including change of control). In addition, the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement includes a maintenance covenant that requires compliance with a maximum first lien net leverage ratio. The availability of certain baskets and the ability to enter into certain transactions (including our ability to pay dividends) may also be subject to compliance with secured leverage ratios. As of March 31, 2020, the borrower and guarantors thereunder were in compliance with these covenants.

General Other Debt

The Company entered into a mortgage with a local bank to finance $1.9 million of the purchase price of a commercial building in Eagle, Idaho, in July 2017. The mortgage bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.35% and utilizes a 25 year amortization schedule with a 10 year balloon payment of the balance due at that time.

In connection with the VIP Acquisition, the Company entered into a guarantee note of $10.0 million and the Contingent Notes. As of March 31, 2020, $7.5 million was payable pursuant to the 2018 Contingent Note and $10.0 million was payable pursuant to the 2019 Contingent Note. The guarantee note and the Contingent Notes, have a collective balance of $27.5 million and require quarterly interest payments of 6.75% with the balance payable July 17, 2023. The following represents the Company’s long-term debt as of:


$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Term loans	$	219,450	$	220,000
Revolving credit facility		84,346		10,000
Mortgage		1,801		1,812
Notes Payable - VIP Acquisition		27,500		27,500
Net discount on debt and deferred financing fees		(5,416)		(5,688)
	$	327,681	$	253,624
Less current maturities of long-term debt		(2,249)		(2,248)
Total long-term debt	$	325,432	$	251,376

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Future maturities of long-term debt, excluding the discount on debt and deferred financing fees, as of March 31, 2020, are as follows:


($'s in 000's)
Remainder of 2020	$	1,686
2021		2,250
2022		2,253
2023		29,755
2024		2,257
Thereafter		294,896

The Company did not incur any debt issuance costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.1 million related to the A&R Credit Agreement and zero related to the Term Loan during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Note 6 – Leases

The Company leases certain real estate for commercial, production, and retail purposes, as well as equipment from third parties. Lease expiration dates are between 2019 and 2026. A portion of leases are denominated in foreign currencies.

For both operating and finance leases, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset, which represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, which represents the present value of our obligation to make payments arising over the lease term.

We elected the short-term lease exemption for all leases that qualify. This means leases having an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and the related lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The Company's leases may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal options generally range from one to ten years and the options to extend are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Some leases have variable payments, however, because they are not based on an index or rate, they are not included in the ROU assets and liabilities. Variable payments for real estate leases primarily relate to common area maintenance, insurance, taxes and utilities. Variable payments for equipment, vehicles, and leases within supply agreements primarily relate to usage, repairs, and maintenance. As the implicit rate is not readily determinable for most of the Company's leases, the Company applies a portfolio approach using an estimated incremental borrowing rate, giving consideration to company specific information and publicly available interest rates for instruments with similar characteristics, to determine the initial present value of lease payments over the lease terms.



	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	391	$	290
Interest on lease liabilities		82		50
Operating lease cost		1,831		910
Variable lease cost(1)		175		72
Short-term lease cost		5		14
Sublease income		(75)		—
Total lease cost	$	2,409	$	1,336

⁽¹⁾

Variable lease cost primarily relates to common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance on leased real estate.

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Other information related to leases was as follows as of:


	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases	4.82	3.95
Finance leases	2.80	2.65
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases	5.3%	5.0%
Finance leases	5.8%	5.5%

Annual future commitments under non-cancelable leases as of March 31, 2020, consist of the following:


	Lease Obligations
$'s in 000's	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	4,452	$	1,237
2021		5,137		1,411
2022		4,829		1,225
2023		4,036		1,196
2024		2,516		150
Thereafter		2,957		23
Total minimum future obligations	$	23,927	$	5,242
Less interest		(2,874)		(426)
Present value of net future minimum obligations		21,053		4,816
Less current lease obligations		(4,770)		(1,591)
Long-term lease obligations	$	16,283	$	3,225

Supplemental cash flow information:



	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	82	$	50
Operating cash flows from operating leases		1,798		880
Financing cash flows from finance leases		394		371
(Noncash) right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations
Operating leases		1,696		—
Finance leases		381		210

Note 7 – Income Tax

As a result of the Company’s initial public offering and related reorganization transactions completed in July 2017, the Company held a majority of the economic interest in Holdco and consolidates the financial position and results of Holdco. The remaining ownership of Holdco not held by the Company is considered a non-controlling interest. Holdco is treated as a partnership for income tax reporting. Holdco’s members, including the Company, are liable for federal, state, and local income taxes based on their share of Holdco’s taxable income.

Our effective tax rate (ETR) from continuing operations was 30.8% and 17.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively including discrete items. Income tax expense for three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was different than the U.S federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of state taxes,

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foreign GILTI income inclusion and various permanent tax differences which are offset partially by the impact of the non-controlling interest income that is not taxable.

The Company has assessed the realizability of the net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2020 and in that analysis has considered the relevant positive and negative evidence available to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The realization of the gross deferred tax assets is dependent on several factors, including the generation of sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of certain carryforwards. The Company believes that there will be sufficient taxable income in the future that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realized except for the following. The Company has a valuation allowance for certain deferred tax assets of $0.1 million and $0.1 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. It is possible that some or all of the remaining deferred tax assets could ultimately not be realized in the future if our operations are not able to generate sufficient taxable income. Therefore, a substantial valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets may be required, which would materially increase our tax expense in the period in which the allowance is recognized and would adversely affect our results of operations.

HoldCo makes cash distributions to members to pay taxes attributable to their allocable share of income earned. In the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company made cash distributions of $0.02 million and $1.40 million, respectively. Additionally, HoldCo accrues for distributions required to be made related to estimated income taxes. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company accrued distributions of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) which includes temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes, technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property, and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits. This legislation was enacted before the date of filing this Form 10-Q. The Company will benefit from the Employee Retention Credits and the payroll tax deferral.

Note 8 – Earnings per Share

Basic and Diluted (Loss) Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income available to PetIQ by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income available to PetIQ by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive securities.

The following table sets forth reconciliations of the numerators and denominators used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in 000's, except for per share amounts)		2020	2019
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326
Less: net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests		(530)		715
Net (loss) income attributable to PetIQ, Inc. — basic and diluted		(2,103)		1,611
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding -- basic		23,728		21,800
Dilutive effects of stock options that are convertible into Class A common stock		—		171
Dilutive effect of RSUs		—		7
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding -- diluted		23,728		21,978

(Loss) earnings per share of Class A common stock — basic	$	(0.09)	$	0.07
(Loss) earnings per share of Class A common stock — diluted	$	(0.09)	$	0.07

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Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses of the Company and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock under the two-class method has not been presented.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, all shares of the Company’s Class B common stock have not been included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as they have been determined to be anti-dilutive under the if-converted method, respectively.

Additionally, all stock options and restricted stock units have not been included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as they have been determined to be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, 748 thousand and 30 thousand, respectively, stock options and restricted stock units have not been included in the diluted earnings per share calculation as they have been determined to be anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method.

Note 9 – Stock Based Compensation

PetIQ, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan

The PetIQ, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”) provides for the grant of various equity-based incentive awards to directors of the Company, employees, and consultants. The types of equity-based awards that may be granted under the Plan include: stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), and other stock-based awards. The Company has 3,914 thousand authorized shares under the Plan. As of March 31, 2020, 1,299 thousand shares were available for issuance under the Plan. All awards issued under the Plan may only be settled in shares of Class A common stock.

PetIQ, Inc. 2018 Inducement and Retention Stock Plan for CVC Employees

The PetIQ, Inc. 2018 Inducement and Retention Stock Plan for CVC Employees (the “Inducement Plan”) provided for the grant of stock options to employees hired in connection with the VIP Acquisition as employment inducement awards pursuant to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). The Inducement Plan reserved 800 thousand shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company. As of March 31, 2020, no shares were available for issuance under the Inducement Plan. All awards issued under the Plan may only be settled in shares of Class A common stock.

Stock Options

The Company awards stock options to certain employees and directors under the Plan and previously issued stock options under the Inducement Plan, which are subject to time-based vesting conditions, typically 25% on each anniversary of the grant date until fully vested. Upon a termination of service relationship by the Company, all unvested options will be forfeited and the shares of common stock underlying such awards will become available for issuance under the Plan. The maximum contractual term for stock options is 10 years.

The fair value of these equity awards is amortized to equity based compensation expense over the vesting period, which totaled $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. All stock based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses based on the role of recipients. The fair value of the stock option awards was determined on the grant dates using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on the following weighted-average assumptions for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:


	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Expected term (years) (1)		6.25			6.25
Expected volatility (2)		33.91	%		35.00	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)		0.72	%		2.74	%
Dividend yield (4)		0.00	%		0.00	%

⁽¹⁾

The Company utilized the simplified method to determine the expected term of the stock options since we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term.

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⁽²⁾

The expected volatility assumption was calculated based on a peer group analysis of stock price volatility with a look back period consistent with the expected option term.

⁽³⁾

The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant, which corresponds to the expected term of the stock options.

⁽⁴⁾

The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend on our common stock.

The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the period ended March 31, 2020 was $6.70 per option. At March 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $13.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.


							Weighted
							Average
			Weighted		Aggregate		Remaining
	Stock		Average		Intrinsic		Contractual
	Options		Exercise		Value		Life
	(in 000's)		Price		(in 000's)		(years)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		1,945	$	23.45	$	5,527		9.1
Granted		423		27.54
Exercised		(119)		19.51
Forfeited		(168)		21.92
Cancelled/Expired		(9)		25.70
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		2,072	$	24.63	$	6,266		8.0
Granted		478		19.49
Exercised		(46)		21.65
Forfeited		(13)		22.98
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		2,491	$	23.70	$	5,974		7.9
Options exercisable at March 31, 2020		870

Restricted Stock Units

The Company awards RSUs to certain employees and directors under the Plan, which are subject to time-based vesting conditions. Upon a termination of service relationship by the Company, all unvested RSUs will be forfeited and the shares of common stock underlying such awards will become available for issuance under the Plan. The fair value of RSUs are measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. At March 31, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was $7.5 million and is expected to vest over a weighted average 3.5 years.

The fair value of these equity awards is amortized to equity based compensation expense over the vesting period, which totaled $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. All stock based compensation expense is included in general and administrative expenses based on the role of recipients.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company’s RSUs for the period ended March 31, 2020.


			Weighted
	Number of		Average
	Shares		Grant Date
	(in 000's)		Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019		51	$	33.16
Granted		123		27.61
Settled		(25)		30.43
Forfeited		(15)		30.58
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		133	$	28.85
Granted		243		19.49
Settled		(22)		27.56
Forfeited		(1)		32.53
Nonvested RSUs at March 31, 2020		353	$	22.48

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Note 10 – Stockholders’ Equity

Exchanges

During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, holders of Class B common stock and LLC Interests exercised exchange rights and exchanged 703 thousand and 519 thousand Class B common shares and corresponding LLC Interests for newly issued Class A Common Stock. The LLC Agreement generally allows for exchanges on the last day of each calendar month.

Note 11 – Non-Controlling Interests

The following table presents the outstanding LLC Interests and changes in LLC Interests for the periods presented.


	LLC Interests held					% of Total
		LLC				LLC
$'s in 000's	Owners		PetIQ, Inc.		Total	Owners	PetIQ, Inc.
As of January 1, 2019		6,547		21,620	28,167	23.2%	76.8%
Stock based compensation adjustments		—		140	140
Exchange transactions		(1,794)		1,794	—
As of December 31, 2019		4,752		23,554	28,306	16.8%	83.2%
Stock based compensation adjustments				61	61
Exchange transactions		(703)		703	—
As of March 31, 2020		4,049		24,318	28,367	14.3%	85.7%

Note that certain figures shown in the table above may not recalculate due to rounding.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the Company owned a weighted average of 83.7% and 77.4% of Holdco, respectively.

Note 12 – Customer Concentration

The Company has significant exposure to customer concentration. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 two customers individually accounted for more than 10% of sales, comprising 42% of net sales, for such periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 two customers individually accounted for more than 10% of sales, comprising 33% of net sales.

At March 31, 2020 one Products segment customer individually accounted for more than 10% of outstanding trade receivables, and accounted for 45% of outstanding trade receivables, net. At December 31, 2019 two Products segment customers individually accounted for more than 10% of outstanding trade receivables, and accounted for 61% of outstanding trade receivables, net.

Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation Contingencies

On April 4, 2018, Med Vets, Inc. and Bay Medical Solutions Inc. (collectively “Plaintiffs”) filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against PetIQ and VIP Petcare Holdings, Inc. for alleged unlawful merger and other antitrust violations. The Plaintiffs’ sought unspecified monetary damages, and various injunctive relief, including an order to require PetIQ to divest its interests in VIP. In June 2018, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss the Complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. On August 3, 2018 the Court granted the Company’s Motion to Dismiss the Complaint, but permitted the plaintiffs to attempt to plead a viable Complaint. The Plaintiffs’ filed an Amended Complaint on December 13, 2018 and we subsequently filed a second Motion to Dismiss the Amended Complaint. On April 22, 2019, the Court granted the Company’s Motion to Dismiss without further leave to amend, concluding that Plaintiffs were not able to identify any factual allegations to support their alleged claims.

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Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals on May 21, 2019 and briefing on appeal was completed in December 2019. Oral arguments have been scheduled for June 9, 2020. A final decision from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is estimated in late 2020 or early 2021. As no impact to the Company is considered probable or estimable, no litigation reserve has been accrued.

The Company has a supplier who has alleged PetIQ has breached its supply agreement. PetIQ believes the Company is not in breach, however even if the Company has breached the supply agreement, the Company has the ability to cure the breach prior to Q3 2020. The supplier has stated it believes the breach would warrant a $20 million payment. As PetIQ believes the Company has not breached the agreement, the potential outcome is between no payment and the $20 million alleged by the supplier. Any amount within the range is as likely as any other, the Company has not recorded a liability as of March 31, 2020. Negotiations with the supplier are ongoing. The Company cannot provide assurance that any ultimate resolution will be favorable to the Company.

The Company records a liability when a particular contingency is probable and estimable and provides disclosure for contingencies that are at least reasonably possible of resulting in a loss including an estimate which we currently cannot make. The Company has not accrued for any contingency at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 as the Company does not consider any contingency to be probable or estimable. The Company expenses legal costs as incurred within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated condensed statements of operations.

Commitments

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company executed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to acquire the U.S. rights to Capstar® and CapAction® and related assets (the “Acquisition”) from Elanco US Inc. (“Elanco”) for $95 million, plus the cost of certain outstanding finished goods inventory in saleable condition. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon customary closing conditions, including, among others, the approval of the acquisition under a consent order issued by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. The parties have agreed that the Acquisition will not close earlier than July 1, 2020. The Company is in the process of arranging financing to complete the Acquisition.

Note 14 – Segments

The Company has two operating segments: Products and Services. The Products segment consists of the Company’s manufacturing and distribution business. The Services segment consists of the Company’s veterinary services, and related product sales, provided by the Company directly to consumers.

The segments are based on the discrete financial information reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make resource allocation decisions and to evaluate performance. We measure and evaluate our reportable segments based on net sales and segment Adjusted EBITDA. We exclude from our segments certain corporate costs and expenses, such as accounting, legal, human resources, information technology and corporate headquarters expenses as our corporate functions do not meet the definition of a segment as defined in the accounting guidance related to segment reporting.

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Financial information relating to the Company’s operating segments for the three months ended:


$'s in 000's					Unallocated
March 31, 2020	Products		Services		Corporate		Consolidated
Net Sales	$	166,280	$	20,498	$	—	$	186,778
Adjusted EBITDA		24,279		1,989		(11,810)		14,458
Depreciation expense		1,316		848		709		2,873
Capital expenditures		1,673		2,833		569		5,075


$'s in 000's					Unallocated
March 31, 2019	Products		Services		Corporate		Consolidated
Net Sales	$	126,084	$	22,352	$	—	$	148,436
Adjusted EBITDA		13,556		5,277		(7,961)		10,872
Depreciation expense		553		524		576		1,653
Capital expenditures	$	462	$	281	$	154	$	897

The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net (loss) income for the periods presented.


	For the three months ended
$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Adjusted EBITDA:
Product	$	24,279	$	13,556
Services		1,989		5,277
Unallocated Corporate		(11,810)		(7,961)
Total Consolidated		14,458		10,872
Adjustments:
Depreciation		(2,873)		(1,654)
Amortization		(2,242)		(1,279)
Interest		(4,704)		(1,937)
Acquisition costs(1)		(586)		(576)
Stock based compensation expense		(2,558)		(1,544)
Non same-store revenue(2)		2,282		1,516
Non same-store costs(2)		(6,400)		(3,252)
Fair value adjustment of contingent note(3)		—		680
Integration costs and costs of discontinued clinics(4)		(454)		—
Clinic launch expenses(5)		(676)		—
Litigation expenses		(49)		—
Pretax net (loss) income	$	(3,802)	$	2,826
Income tax benefit (expense)		1,169		(500)
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326

(1)

Acquisition costs include legal, accounting, banking, consulting, diligence, and other out-of-pocket costs related to completed and contemplated acquisitions.

(2)

Non same-store revenue and costs relate to Services segment and are from wellness centers, host partners, and regions with less than six full trailing quarters of operating results.

(3)

Fair value adjustment on the contingent note represents the non cash adjustment to mark the 2019 Contingent Note to Fair value.

(4)

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conversion costs. These costs are primarily in the Products segment and the Corporate segment for personnel costs, legal and consulting expenses, and IT costs.

(5)

Clinic launch expenses relate to our Services segment and represent the nonrecurring costs to open new veterinary wellness centers, primarily employee costs, training, marketing, and rent prior to opening for business.

Supplemental geographic disclosures are below.


	Three months ended March 31, 2020
$'s in 000's	U.S.		Foreign		Total
Products segment sales	$	165,072	$	1,208	$	166,280
Services segment revenue		20,498		—		20,498
Total net sales	$	185,570	$	1,208	$	186,778

	Three months ended March 31, 2019
$'s in 000's	U.S.		Foreign		Total
Products segment sales	$	124,451	$	1,633	$	126,084
Services segment revenue		22,352		—		22,352
Total net sales	$	146,803	$	1,633	$	148,436

Property, plant, and equipment by geographic location is below.


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
United States	$	53,129	$	51,397
Europe		1,111		1,128
Total	$	54,240	$	52,525

Note 15 – Related Parties

As discussed in Note 7– “Income Taxes,” the Company has accrued tax distributions that are payable to holders of Class B common stock and LLC Interests to facilitate the payment of periodic estimated tax obligations by such holders. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had an accrual of $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for estimated tax distributions, which is included in accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As discussed in Note 5– “Debt,” the Company has notes payable to the sellers of VIP, who are significant shareholders of the Company, of $27.5 million in aggregate as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company had $0.4 million in accrued interest on these notes as of March 31, 2020 and no accrued interest on these notes as of December 31, 2019. The Company paid no interest in the three months ended March 31, 2020, but paid $0.4 million of interest in the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The Company leases office and warehouse space from a company under common control of the sellers of VIP, commencing on January 17, 2018. The Company incurred rent expenses of $91 thousand and $73 thousand in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

Chris Christensen, the brother of CEO, McCord Christensen, acts as the Company’s agent at Moreton Insurance (“Moreton”), which acts as a broker for a number of the Company’s insurance policies. The Company’s premium expense, paid to Moreton and subsequently transferred to insurance providers, was $283 thousand and $137 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019. Mr. Chris Christensen was paid a commission of approximately $18 thousand and $7 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively, for the sale of such insurance policies to the Company.

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Note 16 – Subsequent events

In April 2020, the Company purchased a parcel of land for $2.5 million. The broker for the Company was Colliers International, and the agent was Mike Christensen, the brother of CEO McCord Christensen. Total commission paid to Colliers was approximately $75 thousand.

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on all aspects of its business. The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the Company’s financial results and business operations in the Company’s first fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, and uncertainties regarding the pandemic continue to result in serious economic disruptions including restrictions on our business activities or health impacts to our employees. The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is unknown, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty for potentially extended periods of time. At this time, neither the duration nor scope of the disruption can be predicted, therefore, the negative impact on our financial position and operating results cannot be reasonably estimated.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following is a discussion of our results of operations and current financial condition. This should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and related notes included in the annual report for PetIQ, Inc., filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs and involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Business Overview

PetIQ is a leading pet medication and wellness company delivering a smarter way for pet parents to help their pets live their best lives through convenient access to affordable veterinary products and services. We engage with customers through more than 60,000 points of distribution across retail and e-commerce channels with our branded distributed medications, which is further supported by our own world-class medication manufacturing facility in Omaha, Nebraska. Our national service platform, VIP Petcare, operates in over 3,400 retail partner locations in 41 states, providing cost effective and convenient veterinary wellness services. PetIQ believes that pets are an important part of the family and deserve the best products and care we can give them.

We have two reporting segments: (i) Products; and (ii) Services. The Products segment consists of our manufacturing and distribution business. The Services segments consists of our veterinary services, and related product sales, provided by the Company directly to consumers.

We are the sole managing member of PetIQ Holdings, LLC ("Holdco"), a Delaware limited liability company, which is the sole member of PetIQ, LLC ("Opco") and, through Holdco, operate and control all of the business and affairs of Opco.

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Considerations

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization formally declared the Novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak to be a pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 has caused illness, quarantines, cancellation of events and travel, business and school shutdowns, reduction in business activity, widespread unemployment, supply chain interruptions, and overall economic and financial market instability. All states have declared states of emergency and various states and cities have restricted commerce and travel to a varied degree.

We made the strategic and difficult decision to temporarily close all of our veterinarian service clinics effective March 20, 2020 to protect the health and safety of our employees, customers and retail partners. We are continuously monitoring the situation and will reopen veterinary service locations as soon as it is practical to do so and are developing a number of protocols, including curbside service at some locations, to facilitate our ability to open as quickly as possibly once is safe to do so.

The amount of the decrease in business that we will ultimately experience remains uncertain. This is largely due to: (i) existing concerns that many non-essential businesses and employees face permanent closure or heavy reliance on newly-established federal government programs, such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (CARES Act), in order to remain in operation and the ultimate success of these programs remains unknown; and (ii) uncertainty of consumer/pet owner response and more specifically, the timing of engaged demand as the public is reintroduced to our retail environments as government restrictions are lifted or reduced.

Our Products segment has remained in operation at our main three facilities in Springville, Utah, Omaha, Nebraska, and Daytona Beach, Florida, as well as our contract manufacturing partner in Plano, Texas. We have implemented a variety of policies and procedures to ensure the health and safety of our workforce, including staggering break times, adding additional shifts to enhance social distancing, enhancing sanitation procedures, providing personal protective equipment to employees, and requiring social distancing. We have also provided a $2 an hour temporary wage increase for our production employees.

Our corporate and administrative personnel have been fully functional since we closed various administrative offices to employees and the general public, and implemented enhanced social distancing and work-from-home policies. It is expected that our corporate function can remain fully functional while our employees work-from-home for an indefinite period of time. We expect to continually review and adjust to local health conditions for the various jurisdictions in which we operate.

We are taking precautions to protect the safety and well-being of our employees while providing uninterrupted deliveries of products to our retailer partners. However, no assurance can be given that these actions will be sufficient, nor can we predict the level of disruption that will occur should the COVID-19 pandemic and its related macro-economic risks continue for an extended period of time. Additional information regarding risks and uncertainties to our business and results of operations related to the COVID-19 pandemic are set forth in Part II, Item 1A of this report.

Recent Developments

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of income in dollars and as a percentage of net sales for the periods presented:


	For the Three Months Ended				% of Net Sales
$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Product sales	$	166,280	$	126,084	89.0	%	84.9	%
Services revenue		20,498		22,352	11.0	%	15.1	%
Total net sales		186,778		148,436	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of products sold		134,779		108,064	72.2	%	72.8	%
Cost of services		19,845		15,642	10.6	%	10.5	%
Total cost of sales		154,624		123,706	82.8	%	83.3	%
Gross profit		32,154		24,730	17.2	%	16.7	%
General and administrative expenses		31,690		20,538	17.0	%	13.8	%
Contingent note revaluations (gain) loss		—		(680)	—	%	(0.5)	%
Operating income		464		4,872	0.2	%	3.3	%
Interest expense, net		4,704		(1,937)	2.5	%	(1.3)	%
Foreign currency loss, net		(73)		(122)	(0.0)	%	(0.1)	%
Other income, net		(365)		13	(0.2)	%	0.0	%
Total other expense, net		4,266		(2,046)	2.3	%	(1.4)	%
Pretax net (loss) income		(3,802)		2,826	(2.0)	%	1.9	%
Benefit (provision) from income taxes		1,169		(500)	0.6	%	(0.3)	%
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326	(1.4)	%	1.6	%

The following tables set forth financial information relating to the Company’s operating segments for the periods presented:


	For the three months ended
$'s in 000's	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Services segment sales:
Same-store sales	$	18,216	$	20,836
Non same-store sales		2,282		1,516
Net services segment sales		20,498		22,352
Products segment sales		166,280		126,084
Total net sales		186,778		148,436

Adjusted EBITDA
Products		24,279		13,556
Services		1,989		5,277
Unallocated Corporate		(11,810)		(7,961)
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	14,458	$	10,872

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared With Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Net sales

Consolidated Net Sales

Consolidated net sales increased $38.3 million, or 26%, to $186.8 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $148.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by the expansion of manufactured items as a result of the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition, other growth in the Products segment related to distributed products, offset by declining sales in the Services segment due to COVID-19 related closures.

Products Segment

Product sales increased $40.2 million, or 32%, to $166.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $126.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by accelerated growth in

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manufactured products led by those produced in the newly acquired Omaha facilties and by velocity growth within current customers of distributed products.

Services Segment

Service revenue decreased $1.9 million, or 8%, from $22.4 million to $20.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Same-store sales decreased $2.6 million, or 13%, to $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $20.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in same-store sales was driven by COVID-19 related closures. Non same-store sales increased $0.8 million or 51%, to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in non same-store sales was a result of opening 80 additional wellness centers in the 2019 period, as well as the maturation of clinics opened in the past six trailing quarters, offset by the permanent closure of 15 wellness centers in the non-same store sales base and COVID-19 related closures.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased by $7.4 million, or 30%, to $32.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase is due to the significant Products sales growth, and particularly in products manufactured in our Omaha Nebraska facility, which carry a higher margin than our distributed product sales.

Gross margin increased to 17.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, from 16.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, driven by product sales growth primarily in higher margin items.

General and administrative expenses

Consolidated general and administrative expenses (“G&A”) increased by $11.2 million, or 54%, to $31.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $20.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As a percentage of net sales, G&A increased from 13.8% for the first quarter of 2019 to 17.0% for the first quarter of 2020, primarily driven by costs related to the addition of overhead in and to support the Omaha facilities in addition to growth in corporate services.

Products Segment

Products segment G&A increased $3.7 million or 74% to $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by acquisitions, resulting in approximately $3.2 million in G&A costs related to the acquired Perrigo Animal Health business, primarily selling and distribution expenses.

Services Segment

Services segment G&A increased $0.5 million, or 13%, to $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by additional marketing spend and headcount costs as the Company launches new wellness centers, offset by variable costs in supporting the Services revenue decreases. Nearly all of the G&A growth relates to clinics opened in the last six quarters and therefore is derived from the non same-store sales base or clinic launch expenses.

Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated corporate G&A increased $7.0 million, or 59%, to $18.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, from $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was related to the following:

Increased corporate marketing efforts for approximately $1.9 million;

Additional corporate compensation (both stock compensation and wages/bonus) of approximately $1.9 million;

Increased professional fees, primarily related to the increased size of the Company, as well as non-recurring acquisition costs, integration costs, and litigation; and

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Other variable costs related to Company growth, such as insurance and information technology.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net, increased $2.8 million to $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was driven by additional debt taken on to fund the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition during 2019.

Provision for income taxes

Our effective tax rate was 30.8% and 17.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with a tax benefit of $1.2 million and tax expense of $0.5 million. The Company’s tax rate is impacted by the ownership structure of Holdco, which changes over time.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Effective during the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company changed its segment measure of profitability for its reportable segments from segment operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA to better align the way the chief operating decision maker views reportable segment operations in light of changes in the Company’s operations, including the increase of manufacturing operations as a result of the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition in the Products segment and the growth of the Company’s wellness centers, host partners, and regions within the Services segment. For comparability purposes, previous periods have been recast to reflect the measure of segment profitability.

Products Segment

Products segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $10.8 million, or 79% to $24.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Products segment Adjusted EBITDA fluctuates based on the quantity and mix of products sold, specifically whether the products are produced by PetIQ, or are distributed for other manufacturers. The significant growth in Products segment Adjusted EBITDA relates to significant sales growth of manufactured products, primarily produced as the newly acquired Omaha facility.

Services Segment

Services segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased $3.3 million, or 62%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Services segment Adjusted EBITDA can fluctuate considerably for the Services segment based on the volume of pets seen in clinics, due to the relatively fixed cost nature of a clinic. Additionally, Services segment earnings are impacted by the Company’s growth strategy of opening new wellness centers and the impact of the Company’s same store portfolio, discussed further below. Services segment Adjusted EBITDA was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 closures, as well as converting some community clinics to wellness centers, which transitions operations into the non-same store category.

Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated corporate expenses consist of expenses incurred by centrally-managed departments, including accounting, legal, human resources information technology and headquarters expenses, as well as executive and incentive compensation expenses, and other miscellaneous costs. Unallocated corporate costs have primarily grown due to the growth in the Company, including adding to administrative headcount through acquisitions, as well as headquarters growth to support the larger Company. Adjustments to unallocated corporate include expenses related to specific events, such as the acquisition expenses, fair value of the inventory adjustment, integration costs, and the fair value adjustment to the contingent note. Adjustments also include non-cash expenses, such as depreciation, amortization, and stock based compensation.

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The following tables reconcile Segment pre-tax net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.


$'s in 000's	Three months ended March 31, 2020
March 31, 2020	Products		Services		Unallocated Corporate		Consolidated
Pretax net (loss) income	$	22,962	$	(3,652)	$	(23,112)	$	(3,802)
Adjustments:
Depreciation		1,317		847		709		2,873
Interest		—		—		4,704		4,704
Amortization		—		—		2,242		2,242
Acquisition costs		—		—		586		586
Stock based compensation expense		—		—		2,558		2,558
Non same-store revenue		—		(2,282)		—		(2,282)
Non same-store costs		—		6,400		—		6,400
Integration costs and costs of discontinued clinics		—		—		454		454
Clinic launch expense		—		676		—		676
Litigation expenses		—		—		49		49
Adjusted EBITDA	$	24,279	$	1,989	$	(11,810)		14,458


$'s in 000's	Three months ended March 31, 2019
March 31, 2019	Products		Services		Unallocated Corporate		Consolidated
Pretax net (loss) income	$	13,003	$	3,017	$	(13,194)	$	2,826
Adjustments:
Depreciation		553		524		577		1,654
Interest		—		—		1,937		1,937
Amortization		—		—		1,279		1,279
Acquisition costs		—		—		576		576
Stock based compensation expense		—		—		1,544		1,544
Non same-store revenue		—		(1,516)		—		(1,516)
Non same-store costs		—		3,252		—		3,252
Fair value adjustment of contingent note		—		—		(680)		(680)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	13,556	$	5,277	$	(7,961)		10,872

Consolidated Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. EBITDA represents net income before interest, income taxes and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus adjustments for transactions that management does not believe are representative of our core ongoing business. Adjusted EBITDA is utilized by management: (i) as a factor in evaluating management’s performance when determining incentive compensation and (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies. The Company presents EBITDA because it is a necessary component for computing Adjusted EBITDA.

We believe that the use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends. In addition, you should be aware when evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. Our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by these or other unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies do not calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner.

Our management does not, and you should not, consider EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as an alternative to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

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is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements. Some of these limitations are:

EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

EBITDA does not reflect the interest expenses, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debts;

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing core operations; and

Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA only supplementally. You should review the reconciliations of net (loss) income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

The following table reconciles net (loss) income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.


	For the three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Net (loss) income	$	(2,633)	$	2,326
Plus:
Tax (benefit) expense		(1,169)		500
Depreciation		2,873		1,654
Amortization		2,242		1,279
Interest		4,704		1,937
EBITDA	$	6,017	$	7,696
Acquisition costs(1)		586		576
Integration costs and costs of discontinued clinics(2)		454		—
Stock based compensation expense		2,558		1,544
Fair value adjustment of contingent note(3)		—		(680)
Non same-store revenue(4)		(2,282)		(1,516)
Non same-store costs(4)		6,400		3,252
Clinic launch expenses(5)		676		—
Litigation expenses		49		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	14,458	$	10,872
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		7.7%		7.3%

⁽¹⁾

Acquisition costs include legal, accounting, banking, consulting, diligence, and other out-of-pocket costs related to completed and contemplated acquisitions.

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Integration costs and costs of discontinued clinics represent costs related to integrating the acquired businesses, such as personnel costs like severance and signing bonuses, consulting work, contract termination, and IT conversion costs. These costs are primarily in the Products segment and the corporate segment for personnel costs, legal and consulting expenses, and IT costs.

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Fair value adjustment on the contingent note represents the non cash adjustment to mark the 2019 Contingent Note to fair value.

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Non same-store revenue and costs relate to our Services segment and are from wellness centers, host partners, and regions with less than six full trailing quarters of operating results.

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Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

Historically, our primary sources of liquidity have been cash flows from operations, borrowings, and equity capital. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were $28.1 million and $27.3 million, respectively. On March 18, 2020, as a precautionary measure to provide financial flexibility due to uncertainties in the marketplace as a result of COVID-19, the Company proactively drew $25 million against its revolving Credit facility. As of March 31, 2020, we had $84.3 million outstanding under a revolving credit facility, $219.5 million under a term loan and $29.3 million in other debt. The debt agreements bear interest at rates between 4.3% and 6.8%.

Our primary cash needs are for working capital. Our maintenance capital expenditures have typically been less than 1.0% of net sales, but we may make additional capital expenditures as necessary to support our growth, such as the investment in additional veterinary clinics. Our primary working capital requirements are to carry inventory and receivable levels necessary to support our increasing net sales. Fluctuations in working capital are primarily driven by the timing of new product launches and seasonal retailer demand. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had working capital (current assets less current liabilities) of $185.9 million and $112.4 million, respectively.

Additionally during the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company executed an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) to acquire the U.S. rights to Capstar® and CapAction® and related assets (the “Acquisition”) from Elanco US Inc. (“Elanco”) for $95 million, plus the cost of certain outstanding finished goods inventory in saleable condition. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon customary closing conditions, including, among others, the approval of the acquisition under a consent order issued by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. The parties have agreed that the Acquisition will not close earlier than July 1, 2020. The Company is in the process of arranging financing to complete the Acquisition. There is no assurance that financing will be available at terms advantageous to the Company.

We believe that our operating cash flow, cash on hand, and debt proceeds from our borrowings under our credit facility will be adequate to meet our operating, investing, and financing needs for the foreseeable future. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet long-term liquidity needs as we continue to execute our business strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, additional equity financings or a combination of these potential sources of funds, although we can provide no assurance that these sources of funding will be available on reasonable terms.

Cash Flows

Cash used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $68.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to cash used in operating activities of $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change in operating cash flows primarily reflects lower earnings and a significant expansion in working capital. Working capital changes are driven by increased inventory and accounts receivable on the seasonality of the business, growing sales, offset somewhat by growth in accounts payable. Net changes in assets and liabilities accounted for $72.5 million in cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $25.0 million of cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Cash used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in net cash used in investing activities is a result of the continued wellness center rollout initiative.

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Cash provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $74.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $6.9 million in net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change in cash provided by financing activities is primarily driven by the Company’s utilization of its revolving credit facility to fund working capital expansion.

Description of Indebtedness

A&R Credit Agreement

In connection with the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition described in Note 2 – Business Combinations in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company amended the existing revolving credit agreement of PetIQ, LLC and each of its domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Amended Revolving Credit Agreement”) on July 8, 2019. The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility of $110 million, with an accordion feature allowing an additional increase up to a total facility of $125 million and extends the maturity date of the revolving facility to July 8, 2024. In addition, the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement reduces the interest rate on Eurodollar rate loans and modifies certain financial covenants, including eliminating the maximum first lien net coverage ratio. The borrowers under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility incur fees between 0.375% and 0.50% as unused facility fees, dependent on the aggregate amount borrowed.

All obligations under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by PetIQ Holdings, LLC and, subject to certain exceptions, each of its material current and future domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries. All obligations under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement, and the guarantees of those obligations, are secured by substantially all of the assets of each borrower and guarantor under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement, subject to certain exceptions.

The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default (including change of control). In addition, the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement contains a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant which is tested if availability under the Amended Revolving Credit Agreement falls below a certain level. As of March 31, 2020, the borrowers and guarantors thereunder were in compliance with these covenants.

A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement

Also in connection with the closing of the Perrigo Animal Health Acquisition, the Company amended and restated the existing term loan credit agreement of PetIQ, LLC (the “A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement”) on July 8, 2019. The A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement was increased from $74.1 million to $220.0 million at an interest rate equal to the Eurodollar rate plus 4.50%, the proceeds of which were used to refinance the existing term loan facility and consummate the acquisition.

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The A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default (including change of control). In addition, the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement includes a maintenance covenant that requires compliance with a maximum first lien net leverage ratio. The availability of certain baskets and the ability to enter into certain transactions (including our ability to pay dividends) may also be subject to compliance with secured leverage ratios. As of March 31, 2020, the borrower and guarantors thereunder were in compliance with these covenants.

As of March 31, 2020, $219.5 million was outstanding under the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement.

General Other Debt

In connection with the VIP Acquisition, the Company entered into a guarantee note of $10.0 million. As of March 31, 2020, $7.5 million was payable pursuant to the 2018 Contingent Note and $10.0 million was payable pursuant to the 2019 Contingent Note. The guarantee note and the Contingent Notes, collectively, “Notes Payable – VIP Acquisition” of $27.5 million require quarterly interest payments of 6.75% with the balance payable July 17, 2023.

The Company did not incur any debt issuance costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020, related to the A&R Credit Agreement or the A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.1 million related to the A&R Credit Agreement and zero related to the Term Loan during the three months ended March 31, 2019

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions in the normal course of our business. Such risk is principally associated with interest rates. We currently do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to changes in interest rates because the indebtedness incurred under our A&R Credit Agreement and A&R Term Loan Credit Agreement are variable rate debt. Interest rate changes generally do not affect the market value of our credit agreement but do affect the amount of our interest payments and, therefore, our future earnings and cash flows. As of March 31, 2020, we had variable rate debt of approximately $303.8 million under our Revolver and Term Loan. An increase of 1% would have increased our interest expense for the three months ended by approximately $1.2 million.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Internal Control over Financing Reporting

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that our corporate employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the impact of COVID-19 on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions or future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” and similar expressions. Examples of forward-looking statements include, without limitation:

statements regarding our strategies, results of operations or liquidity;

statements concerning projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results and future economic performance;

statements of management’s goals and objectives; and

assumptions underlying statements regarding us or our business.

Forward-looking statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, factors discussed under the headings “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; the impact of COVID-19 on our business and the global economy; our ability to successfully grow our business through acquisitions; our dependency on a limited number of customers; our ability to implement our growth strategy effectively; disruptions in our manufacturing and distribution chains; competition from veterinarians and others

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in our industry; reputational damage to our brands; economic trends and spending on pets; the effectiveness of our marketing and trade promotion programs; recalls or withdrawals of our products or product liability claims; our ability to manage our manufacturing and supply chain effectively; disruptions in our manufacturing and distribution chains; our ability to introduce new products and improve existing products; our failure to protect our intellectual property; costs associated with governmental regulation; our ability to keep and retain key employees; our ability to sustain profitability; and the risks set forth under the “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other reports filed with the SEC from time to time.

Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Consequently, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are from time to time subject to, and are presently involved in, litigation and other proceedings. Other than the litigation described below, we believe that there are no pending lawsuits or claims that, individually or in the aggregate, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a liability of $1 million for contract termination costs, related to a settlement for alleged breach of contract. The expense is included within General and Administrative expenses for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Additionally the Company is subject to various litigation related to its products as well as other corporate litigation. No individual item is significant.

The Company records a liability when a particular contingency is probable and estimable and provides disclosure for contingencies that are at least reasonably possible of resulting in a loss including an estimate which we currently cannot make. The Company has not accrued for any contingency at March 31, 2020, as the Company does not consider any contingency to be probable or estimable. The Company expenses legal costs as incurred within general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except for the risk factor updated below:

The scale and scope of the recent COVID-19 outbreak and resulting pandemic is unknown and, due to wellness center and community clinic closures and other factors, is likely to result in an adverse impact on our business at least for the near term.

As the U.S. faces the novel COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is following the recommendations of government and health authorities to minimize exposure for its veterinarians, associates, customers and retail partners. As a result, the Company announced on March 19, 2020 that it is temporarily closing all of its veterinary community clinics and wellness centers effective Friday, March 20, 2020. The Company will closely monitor this global health crisis to reopening its community clinics and wellness centers as quickly as practical. The Company will continue to reassess its strategy on a regular, ongoing basis as the situation evolves. Additionally, the rapid spread of COVID-19 globally also has resulted in travel restrictions and disruption and shutdown of certain businesses in the U.S., including those of certain of our retail partners. We may experience impacts from changes in customer behavior related to pandemic fears, quarantines and market downturns, as well as impacts on our workforce if the virus becomes widespread in any of our markets. If the virus were to affect a significant amount of the workforce employed or operating at our facilities, we may experience delays or the inability to produce and deliver products to our retail partners on a timely basis. In addition, one or more of our customers, service providers or suppliers may experience financial distress, file for bankruptcy protection, go out of business, or suffer disruptions in their business due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The global scale and scope of COVID-19 is unknown and the duration of the business disruption and related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The extent to which the coronavirus impacts the Company’s results will ultimately depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and will include the duration of our wellness center and community clinic closures as well as closures of our retail partners, emerging information concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions taken by governments and private businesses to attempt to contain COVID-19. However, the Company believes COVID-19 is likely to result in an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition, at least for the near term.

Item 5. Other Information

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Item 6. Exhibits. –


31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.