The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business
Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. (the “Company,”
the “Registrant,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), formerly known as Quick Start Holdings, Inc.,
was incorporated on September 4, 2018, in the State of Delaware.
Current Description of Business
The Company is focused
on growing and incubating innovative and profitable products into mature, dominant brands. On March 9, 2020, the Company entered into
an exclusive distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) of certain electronic nicotine delivery systems (“ENDS”)
and related components (the “Products”) with Bidi Vapor, LLC, a Florida limited liability company (“Bidi”), a
related party company that is also owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director of the Company. The
Distribution Agreement was amended and restated on May 21, 2020, again on April 20, 2021, again on June 10, 2022,
and again on November 17, 2022 (collectively the
“A&R Distribution Agreement”), in order to clarify some of the provisions. Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement,
Bidi granted the Company an exclusive worldwide right to distribute the Products for sale and resale to non-retail level customers. Currently,
the Products consist primarily of the “Bidi Stick.” The Company ceased all direct-to-consumer
sales in February 2021.
In connection with the A&R Distribution Agreement,
the Company entered into non-exclusive sub-distribution agreements, some of which were subsequently amended and restated by the parties
in order to clarify certain provisions (all such agreements, as amended and restated, are collectively referred to as the “A&R
Sub-Distribution Agreements”), whereby the Company appointed the counterparties as non-exclusive sub-distributors. Pursuant to the
A&R Sub-Distribution Agreements, the sub-distributors agreed to purchase for resale the Products in such quantities as they should
need to properly service non-retail customers within the continental United States (the “Territory”).
On August 31, 2020, the Company formed Kaival Labs,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (herein referred to as “Kaival Labs”), as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, for the purpose
of developing Company-branded and white-label products and services The Company has not yet launched any Kaival-branded product, nor has
it begun to provide white label wholesale solutions for other product manufacturers. On March 11, 2022, the Company formed Kaival Brands
International, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (herein referred to as “KBI”), as a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company, for the purpose of entering into an international licensing agreement with Philip Morris Products S.A. (“PMPSA”),
a wholly owned affiliate of Philip Morris International Inc. (“PMI”).
On July 16, 2021, the Company filed a Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to affect a
1-for-12 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001
per share (the “Common Stock”). The Reverse Stock Split was effective as of 12:01 a.m. Eastern time on July 20, 2021. No fractional
shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Any fractional shares of Common Stock that would have otherwise resulted
from the Reverse Stock Split will be rounded up to the nearest whole number. In connection with the Reverse Stock Split, the Board of
Directors (the “Board”) approved appropriate and proportional adjustments to all outstanding securities or other rights convertible
or exercisable into shares of Common Stock, including, without limitation, all preferred stock, warrants, options, and other equity compensation
rights. All historical share and per-share amounts reflected throughout our consolidated financial statements and other financial information
herein have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split as if the split occurred as of the earliest period presented. The par value
per share of the Common Stock was not affected by the Reverse Stock Split.
On June 13, 2022, the
Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, KBI, entered into the PMI License Agreement with PMPSA, a wholly owned affiliate of PMI, for
the development and distribution of ENDS products in certain markets outside of the United States, subject to market (or regulatory) assessment. The
PMI License Agreement grants to PMPSA a license of certain intellectual property rights relating to Bidi’s ENDS device, known as
the BIDI® Stick in the United States, as well as potentially newly developed devices, to permit PMPSA to manufacture, promote, sell,
and distribute such ENDS device and newly developed devices, in international markets, outside of the United States.
On July 25, 2022, the
Company announced the launch of PMPSA’s custom-branded self-contained e-vapor product, pursuant to the licensing agreement. The
product, a self-contained e-vapor device, VEEBA, has been custom developed and is now being distributed in Canada and in the United Kingdom.
Current Product Offerings
Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement, The
Company sells and resells electronic nicotine delivery systems, which it may refer to herein as “ENDS Products”, or “e-cigarettes”,
to non-retail level customers. The sole Product the Company resells is the “BIDI® Stick,” a disposable,
tamper-resistant ENDS product that comes in a variety of flavor options for adult cigarette smokers. The Company does not manufacture
any of the Products it resells. The BIDI® Stick is manufactured by Bidi. Pursuant to the terms of the A&R Distribution
Agreement, Bidi provides the Company with all branding, logos, and marketing materials to be utilized by the Company in connection with
its marketing and promotion of the Products.
COVID-19
In January 2020, the World
Health Organization (the “WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”)
originating in Wuhan, China and the risks to the international community as the virus spread globally beyond its point of origin. In March
2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic based on the rapid increase in global exposure.
The Company was indirectly
impacted by supply chain issues and regulatory oversight. The Company believes that many retailers and distributers relaxed their compliance
standards as an indirect result of COVID-19 for two reasons: (i) government enforcement of regulations was very limited due to imposed
social restrictions, resulting in less in-person monitor enforcement by government officials and (ii) retail stores experienced light
foot traffic from customers due to COVID-19 restrictions and fears, which resulted in relaxed compliance in an effort to generate additional
revenue.
Impact of FDA PMTA
Determinations and August 2022 11th Circuit Decision
In September 2021, in connection
with the PMTA process, the FDA effectively “banned” flavored ENDS by denying nearly all then-pending PMTAs for such products.
Following the issuance of Marketing Denial Orders (“MDO”), manufacturers are required to stop selling non-tobacco flavored
ENDS products.
Bidi, along with nearly
every other company in the ENDS industry, received a MDO for its non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. With respect to Bidi, the MDO covered
all non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, including its Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick. As a result, beginning in September 2021,
Bidi challenged the MDO. First, on September 21, 2021, separate from the judicial appeal of the MDO in its entirety, Bidi filed a 21
C.F.R. §10.75 internal the FDA review request specifically
of the decision to include the Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick in the MDO. In May 2022, the FDA issued a determination that it views
the Arctic BIDI® Stick as a flavored ENDS product, and not strictly a menthol flavored product.
On September 29, 2021, Bidi petitioned the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the “11th Circuit”) to review the FDA’s denial of the PMTAs for its
non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Stick ENDS, arguing that it was arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”),
as well as ultra vires, for the FDA not to conduct any scientific review of Bidi’s comprehensive applications, as required by the
Tobacco Control Act (“TCA”), to determine whether the BIDI® Sticks are “appropriate for the protection of the public
health”. Bidi further argued that the FDA violated due process and the APA by failing to provide fair notice of the FDA’s
new requirement for ENDS companies to conduct long-term comparative smoking cessation studies for their flavored products, and that the
FDA should have gone through the notice and comment rulemaking process for this requirement.
On October 14, 2021, Bidi requested
that the FDA re-review the MDO and reconsider its position that Bidi did not include certain scientific data in its applications sufficient
to allow the PMTAs to proceed to scientific review. In light of this request, on October 22, 2021, pursuant to 21 C.F.R. § 10.35(a),
the FDA issued an administrative stay of Bidi’s MDO pending its re-review. Subsequently, the FDA decided not to rescind the MDO
and lifted its administrative stay on December 17, 2021. Following the lifting of the FDA’s administrative stay, Bidi filed a renewed
motion to stay the MDO with the 11th Circuit. On February 1, 2022, the appellate court granted Bidi’s motion to stay (i.e., put
on hold) the MDO, pending the litigation on the merits. Oral arguments in the merits-based proceeding were held on May 17, 2022.
On August 23, 2022, the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit set aside the MDO issued to the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks and remanded Bidi’s
Premarket Tobacco Product Application (“PMTA”) back to the FDA for further review. Specifically, the Court held that the
MDO was “arbitrary and capricious” in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) because the FDA failed
to consider the relevant evidence before it, specifically Bidi’s aggressive and comprehensive marketing and sales-access-restrictions
plans designed to prevent youth appeal and access.
The opinion further
indicated that the FDA did not properly review the data and evidence that it has long made clear are critical to the appropriate for
the protection of the public health (“APPH”) standard for PMTAs set forth in the Tobacco Control Act including, in Bidi’s
case, “product information, scientific safety testing, literature reviews, consumer insight surveys, and details about the company’s
youth access prevention measures, distribution channels, and adult-focused marketing practices,” which “target only existing
adult vapor product users, including current adult smokers,” as well as the Company’s retailer monitoring program and state-of-the-art
anti-counterfeit authentication system. Because a MDO must be based on a consideration of the relevant factors, such as the marketing
and sales-access-restrictions plans, the denial order was deemed arbitrary and capricious, and vacated by the FDA.
The FDA did not appeal the 11th Circuit’s decision.
The Agency had until October 7, 2022 (45 days from the August 23, 2022 decision) to either request a panel rehearing or a rehearing “en
banc” (a review by the entire 11th Circuit, not just the 3-judge panel that issued the decision), and until November
21, 2022 (90 days after the decision) to seek review of the decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. No request for a rehearing was filed,
and no petition for a writ of certiorari was made to the Supreme Court.
In the meantime, the
Company anticipates continued ability to market and sell the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, subject to the FDA’s enforcement
discretion, for the duration of the PMTA scientific review.
Separately, on or about
May 13, 2022, the FDA placed the tobacco-flavored Classic BIDI® Stick into the final Phase III scientific review.
Risks and Uncertainties
The FDA has indicated that it is prioritizing enforcement
of unauthorized ENDS against companies (1) that never submitted PMTAs, (2) whose PMTAs have been refused acceptance or filing by the FDA,
(3) whose PMTAs remain subject to MDOs, and (4) that are continuing to market unauthorized synthetic nicotine products after the July
13, 2022, cutoff. Subject to FDA’s enforcement discretion, until the scientific review process is complete on each of Bidi’s
PMTA’s, the Company views the risk of FDA enforcement against Bidi as low. The Company anticipates FDA will move forward with a
review of Bidi’s PMTA on remand, as directed by the Court; however, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the timing or
outcome.
Accordingly, the Company
anticipates FDA will move forward with a review of Bidi’s PMTA on remand, as directed by the Court.
Moreover, Bidi’s
application is particularly comprehensive, and now includes, among other things, a randomized, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine
pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDI® Stick, several behavioral, perception and intention studies, as well as a nationally-representative
population prevalence study. A complete scientific review of the PMTA would require FDA to review all of this information before making
an APPH determination, and while FDA could narrowly interpret the Court’s ruling as an order to review only Bidi’s marketing
and sales-access restrictions plans, the 11th Circuit’s opinion, in the Company’s view, makes clear that all “relevant
evidence” in an application must be considered. For applications that are in scientific review, FDA typically issues a deficiency
letter identifying its questions before making a marketing authorization decision and gives the applicant at least 90 days to respond.
This further solidifies the Company’s belief that the scientific review of Bidi’s non-tobacco flavored applications could
take 1-2 years or longer. However, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the timing or outcome.
Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant
Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company’s
wholly-owned subsidiaries, Kaival Labs and Kaival Brands International. Intercompany
transactions are eliminated.
Basis of Presentation
This summary of significant accounting policies is
presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These accounting policies conform to accounting
principles, generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and have been consistently applied in the preparation
of the consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading
have been included. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments
with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents on October 31,
2022, and October 31, 2021. Cash and restricted cash as of October 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, were $3,685,893 and $7,825,235, respectively.
Cash and restricted cash
consist of cash and cash held short-term in escrow as required. As of October 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, the Company had $0 and $65,007
in restricted cash, respectively, for amounts held in escrow.
The following table sets
forth a reconciliation of cash, and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheet and the consolidated statements of cash
flows that agrees to the total of those amounts presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Restrictions
on Cash and Cash Equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
31, |
|
October
31, |
|
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
Cash |
|
$ |
3,685,893 |
|
|
$ |
7,760,228 |
|
Restricted
cash |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
65,007 |
|
Total
cash and restricted cash shown in statement of cash flows |
|
$ |
3,685,893 |
|
|
$ |
7,825,235 |
|
Advertising and Promotion
All advertising, promotion and marketing expenses, including commissions,
are expensed when incurred.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Receivables are stated at cost, net of an allowance
for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the management’s assessment of the collectability
of accounts receivable. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance and the Company considers
the historical level of credit losses and collection history and applies percentages to aged receivable categories. The Company makes
judgments about the creditworthiness of debtors based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact
the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the debtors were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability
to make payments, a larger allowance may be required. As of October 31, 2022, based upon management’s assessment of the accounts
receivable aging and the customers’ payment history, the Company has determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts is required.
The Company also had no allowance for doubtful accounts as of October 31, 2021.
Inventories
All
product inventory is purchased from a related party, Bidi. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost
includes all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The Company
determines cost based on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price
in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. As of October
31, 2022, the inventories only consisted of finished goods and were located in three locations;
the Kaival main warehouse and two customer warehouses whose service agreements are on a consignment basis with Kaival. The Company had
a write-off of $259,563
related to short-coded Bidi sticks that were
no longer able to be sold. Based upon fiscal year 2022 inventory management procedures and their results, the Company has determined
that no
allowance for inventory is required as of October
31, 2022 and 2021.
Inventory deposit – related party
During the fiscal year 2021, the
Company paid $2,925,000 million from its
capital financing raise to Bidi, a related party, to have BIDI® Sticks manufactured with regulatory product
requirements, different from the United States, as stipulated by the United Kingdom. The parties originally contemplated that
delivery of the BIDI® Sticks to the Company would occur by the end of April 2022. On April 29, 2022, the Company and Bidi
agreed to cancel the order due to an internal change of approach to international distribution, and Bidi agreed to credit the $2,925,000 against
the accounts payable balance owed by the Company to Bidi. As of October 31, 2022, the Company has on its balance sheet a zero
balance for inventory deposits and inventory deposits related party.
Revenue Recognition
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from
Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”), in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, as this was the first
quarter that the Company generated revenues. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised
goods, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for the goods. To determine revenue
recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contracts with
a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction
price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled
to in exchange for the goods it transfers to the customer. Under ASC 606, disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers depicts
the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows affected by economic factors. The Company has evaluated revenues
recognized and substantially all our revenues were derived from sales of flavored BIDI® Sticks, including the Arctic (menthol) BIDI®
Stick, sales of which constituted approximately 13.4% and 18.4% of our total sales of BIDI® Sticks for the fiscal years ended October
31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Deferred Revenue
The Company accepts partial payments for orders from
wholesale customers, which it holds as deposits or deferred revenue, until the Company has received full payment and orders are shipped
to the customer. Revenue for these orders is recognized at the time of shipment to the customer. As of October 31, 2022, and October 31,
2021, the Company has received $44,973 and $0 in deposits from customers, respectively, which is included with the Company’s current
liabilities. As of October 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, the Company has received $235,274 and $0 in deferred income from PMI guaranteed
royalty revenue prepayments, respectively, which is included with the Company’s current liabilities.
Customer Refunds
The Company infrequently has a need to adjust the
size of an order after it has been shipped, received and paid for, due to the customer oversizing the order for more product that it can
realistically sell at that time. If and when this occurs, the Company will ask the customer to return the over allotted product. Once
received and inspected, the Company will issue a refund for the product return. As of October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, the Company
had $0 and $316,800 refunds due to one customer, which was the result of one of the Company’s sub-distributor customers returning
Product that had become defective in storage.
Products
Revenue
The Company generates products revenue from the sale
of the Products (as defined above) to non-retail customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management’s
evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the Products has
been transferred to the customer. In most situations, transfer of control is considered complete when the products have been shipped to
the customer. The Company determined that a customer obtains control of the Product upon shipment when title of such product and risk
of loss transfer to the customer. The Company’s shipping and handling costs are fulfillment costs, and such amounts are classified
as part of cost of sales. The Company offers credit sales arrangements to non-retail (or wholesale) customers and monitors the collectability
of each credit sale routinely.
Revenue is measured by the transaction price, which
is defined as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for providing goods to customers. The transaction price
is adjusted for estimates of known or expected variable consideration, which includes refunds and returns as well as incentive offers
and promotional discounts on current orders. Estimates for sales returns are based on, among other things, an assessment of historical
trends, information from customers, and anticipated returns related to current sales activity. These estimates are established in the
period of sale and reduce revenue in the period of the sale. Variable consideration related to incentive offers and promotional programs
are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on amounts the Company expects to collect. Estimates are regularly updated, and the impact
of any adjustments are recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In many cases, key sales terms such as pricing and quantities
ordered are established at the time an order is placed and incentives have very short-term durations.
Amounts billed and due from customers are short term
in nature and are classified as receivable since payments are unconditional and only the passage of time related to credit terms is required
before payments are due. The Company does not grant payment financing terms greater than one year. Payments received in advance of revenue
recognition are recorded as deferred revenue, as noted above.
Royalty
Revenue
On June 13, 2022, KBI entered into the PMI License
Agreement with PMPSA, effective as of May 13, 2022 (the “PMI Commencement Date”). Pursuant to the PMI License Agreement, KBI
granted PMPSA an exclusive irrevocable license to use its technology, documentation, and intellectual property to make, distribute, and
sell disposable nicotine e-cigarettes Products based on the intellectual property in certain international markets set forth in the PMI
License Agreement (the “PMI Markets”). The Company has the exclusive international distribution rights to the Products and,
in order to allow KBI to fulfill its obligations set forth in the PMI License Agreement, has contributed the international distribution
rights for the PMI Markets to KBI as set forth in a Capital Contribution Agreement, dated June 10, 2022. The sublicense granted to PMPSA
is exclusive in the PMI Markets and neither KBI nor any of its affiliates can sell, promote, use, or distribute any competing products
in the PMI Markets for the duration of the term of the PMI License Agreement and any Sell-Out Period (as defined in the PMI License Agreement).
PMSPA will be responsible for any regulatory filings necessary to sell the Products in the PMI Markets. Both KBI and PMPSA agree to work
together in the registration and maintenance of the Intellectual Property, but KBI will bear all cost and expense to implement the registration
strategy. Finally, PMPSA has agreed to potential future development services with KBI in the PMI Markets and has been granted certain
rights with respect to potential future products.
The initial term of the PMI License Agreement is five
(5) years and automatically renews for an additional five-year period unless PMPSA has failed to meet the agreed upon minimum key performance
indicators set forth in the PMI License Agreement, in which case the PMI License Agreement will automatically terminate at the end of
the initial license term.
In consideration for the grant of the licensed rights,
PMPSA agreed to pay to KBI a royalty equal to a percentage of the base price of the first sale of each unit of Product manufactured. In
addition, before the launch of the first product in a market and each anniversary of such launch, PMPSA agrees to pre-pay to KBI a guaranteed
minimum royalty based on the estimated royalties payable by PMPSA to KBI in relation to all markets in the twelve (12)-month period following
the first launch or each successive anniversary of the first launch, subject to an aggregate maximum guaranteed royalty payment for all
markets for each applicable twelve (12)-month period. PMPSA may require modification of certain products to be sold under the PMI Licensing
Agreement to be modified for a PMI Market. Pursuant to the PMI Licensing Agreement, PMPSA has absolute discretion over sales, marketing,
product branding and packaging pertaining to sales in the PMI Markets, as well as the right to select the specific PMI Markets in which
to launch commercialization and determine what product types are to be promoted in each market, subject to sales and marketing plans and
annual business plans set by PMPSA and certain expansion criteria agreed between PMPSA and KBI. Royalty revenue earned from the PMI License
Agreement is recognized in the period the sales of the Product manufactured occurs.
The
PMI License Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, and indemnification provisions; however, KBI’s
liability under the PMI License Agreement is capped at the greater of: (i) Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000); or (ii) an amount equal
to the total of the royalties due to KBI (but not yet paid) plus the royalties (including the guaranteed royalty payment) paid to KBI
pursuant to the PMI License Agreement during the immediately preceding twelve (12) consecutive months, provided that such amount shall
not exceed Thirty Million Dollars ($30,000,000). These royalties may be initially offset on a limited basis by jointly agreed upon costs
such as development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets.
Concentration of Revenues and Accounts Receivable
For
the fiscal year 2022, (i) approximately 30% or $3,945,534 of the revenue from the sale of Products, solely consisting of the BIDI®
Stick, was generated from Favs Business, (ii) approximately 15% or $1,892,245 of the revenue from the sale
of the Products was generated from H.T. Hackney Co., and (iii) approximately 11% or $1,472,888 of the revenue from the sale of Products,
solely consisting of the BIDI Stick, was generated from GPM.
In Fiscal year 2021,
approximately 23% or $13,888,376 of the revenue from the sale of Products, solely consisting of the BIDI® Stick, was generated
from Favs Business, approximately 16% or $9,575,711 of the revenue from the sale of the Products was generated from MMS Distro, and approximately
14% or $8,206,792 of the revenue from the sale of the Products was generated from C Store Master.
Favs Business with an outstanding balance of $375,425
and QuikTrip Corporation, with an outstanding balance of $85,510,
accounted for approximately 65% and 15% of the total accounts receivable from customers, respectively, as of October 31, 2022.
Favs Business with an outstanding balance of $1,000,000
and C Store Master, with an outstanding balance of $321,534, accounted for approximately 50% and 16% of the total accounts receivable
from customers, respectively, as of October 31, 2021.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company measures the
cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments (share-based payments, or SBP) based on the grant-date fair value
of the award. That cost is recognized over the period during which a recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the SBP
award—the requisite service period (vesting period). For SBP awards subject to conditions, compensation is not recognized until
the performance condition is probable of occurrence. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value
of stock-based awards on the date of grant and on each modification date. Compensation expense for SBP awards granted to non-employees
is re-measured each period as the underlying options vest.
The fair value of each
option granted during the year ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the weighted average assumptions in the following table:
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions | |
| | | |
|
| | | |
| |
2022 | |
2021 |
Expected dividend yield | |
| 0 | % | |
|
| 0 | % | |
Expected option term (years) | |
| 10 | | |
|
| 10 | | |
Expected volatility | |
| 279.81%-288.93 | % | |
|
| 294.55%-301.53 | % | |
Risk-free interest rate | |
| 1.74%-3.13 | % | |
|
| 1.19%-1.63 | % | |
The expected term of options
granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected volatility was based on the volatility
in the trading of the Common Stock. The assumed discount rate was the default risk-free ten-year interest rate for US Treasury bills.
The Company's stock
option expense for the year ended October 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, was $6,043,312
and $1,773,947,
respectively.
The Company’s stock-based compensation for common stock issued for
services for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, was $237,702 and $9,449,421, respectively.
Income Tax
Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions
reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related primarily to differences between the
recorded book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities
are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income and
tax credits that are available to offset future federal income taxes. The Company believes that its income tax filing positions and deductions
will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow.
The
Company has Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, consisting of total deferred tax assets, totaling approximately
$4.5 million and state NOL carryforwards, consisting of total deferred tax liabilities, totaling approximately $0.4 million. With the
changes instituted by the CARES Act, the Federal NOLs have an indefinite life and will not expire. The Company’s federal and state
tax returns for the 2019, 2020, and 2021 tax years generally remain subject to examination by U.S. and various state authorities. A valuation
allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax asset if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some
portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management
has determined that a valuation allowance of $4,286,289 for the -year ended
on October 31, 2022, and a valuation allowance of $1,256,059 for the year ended on October 31, 2021 were necessary to reduce the total
net deferred tax asset to the amount that will more likely than not be realized pursuant to ASC 740 for those fiscal years.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s balance sheet includes certain
financial instruments. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively
short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization.
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
(“ASC 820”), defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability
(an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions
developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about
market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair
value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy
are described below:
|
● |
Level
1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets
or liabilities. |
|
|
|
|
● |
Level
2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar
assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
(e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or
other means. |
|
|
|
|
● |
Level 3 – Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement
and unobservable. |
Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon
certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of October 31, 2022. The respective carrying value of
certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These
financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of October
31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring
basis.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company does not believe that any recently issued effective pronouncements,
or pronouncements issued but not yet effective, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.
Note 3 – Going Concern
The Company’s financial statements are prepared
in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities
in the normal course of business within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards
Board (the “FASB”), Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements –
Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), our management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise
substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.
As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant recurring losses and negative cash
flows from operations. These factors raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
In response to the above, the Company assessed its
management’s plans to alleviate that doubt. The Company has positive working capital as of October 31, 2022 of $7,487,941.
The Company considered that its losses and negative cash flows were due to various factors such as: (i) uncertainty surrounding the PMTA
process with FDA and (ii) the MDO that was issued to Bidi Vapor on its flavored ENDS product. However, the MDO was set aside and remanded
by the 11th Circuit and the ability to appeal such decision has passed thereby facilitating the advancement of the flavored
BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States (pending FDA’s review of the flavored PMTAs). Concurrently, the PMTA of
the tobacco-flavored (Classic) BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States continues to move through scientific review (pending FDA’s
review of that PMTA). Management’s assessment included the preparation of cash flow forecasts which considered increases in revenues
considering the favorable ruling obtained on the MDO as disclosed above.
The Company believes that its available cash and the
cash to be provided by future operating activities should enable the Company to meet its estimated liquidity needs for the next 12 months
after the date that the financial statements are issued. Because of the above factors, the Company believes that this alleviates the substantial
doubt in connection with the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
However, there is no assurance that the Company’s
plans will be successful due to the current economic climate in the United States and globally. The consolidated financial statements do
not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and
classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
Note 4 – Leases
The Company capitalizes all leased assets pursuant
to ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“Topic 842”), which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets
and lease liability, initially measured at present value of the lease payments, on its balance sheet for leases with terms longer than
12 months and classified as either financing or operating leases. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months
or less from Topic 842 as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The
Company does not have financing leases and only one operating lease for office space and inventory storage space with a related party,
as of October 31, 2022. Certain of the Company’s leases, have and may in the future, include renewal options, which have been and
might be in the future, included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right of use assets when the Company is reasonably certain
to exercise the option.
On August 1, 2020, we began leasing office space consisting
of 1,595 square feet as our main corporate office in Grant, Florida for $1,000 per month. The five-year lease agreement is with a related
party, Just Pick, LLC (“Just Pick”). Nirajkumar Patel, our Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director, is also an officer
of Just Pick. We believe our office space is sufficient to meet our current needs.
On November 1, 2021 the Company entered into a month-to-month
lease agreement with Ranger Enterprises, LLC, located in Seymour, Indiana, to store product inventory at this satellite location. The
Company made payments on this lease in the amount of $19,959. The lease was terminated in June 2022.
On November 11, 2021 the Company entered into a month-
to-month lease agreement with FFE Solutions Group, located in Salt Lake City Utah, to store additional product inventory at this satellite
location. The Company made payments on this lease in the amount of $19,108 . This lease was terminated in April 2022.
On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into a Lease
Agreement (the “2022 Lease”) with Just Pick for approximately 21,332 rentable square feet combined in the office building
and warehouse located at 4460 Old Dixie Highway, Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949 (the “Premises”), together with all improvements
thereon. Just Pick is considered a related party to the Company because the Company’s Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director,
Mr. Nirajkumar Patel, owns and controls Just Pick.
The Company must pay Just Pick base rent equal to
$17,776.67
per month during the first year of the Lease Term with a five-year lease renewal option. Thereafter, the monthly base rent will be increased
annually with a monthly base rent of $18,665.50
in the second year, $19,554.33
in the third year, $20,443.17
in the fourth year, $22,220.83
in the fifth year, $23,998.50
in the sixth year, and one twelfth (1/12th) of the market annual rent for the seventh through eleventh years, if applicable. In addition
to the base rent, the Company must pay one hundred percent (100%) of operating expenses, insurance costs, and taxes for each calendar
year during the Lease term. For both the ROU asset and ROU liability, the lease renewal option was considered in the calculation with
an incremental borrowing rate of 4.5%
The Company has $118,633 and $11,708 in operating lease expense for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Cash flow information related to leases
was as follows:
Schedule of cash flow information related to leases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
31, 2022 |
|
October
31, 2021 |
Other
Lease Information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
cash flows from operating leases |
|
$ |
(118,633 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,708 |
) |
The following table summarizes the lease-related assets
and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets on October 31, 2022, and 2021:
Schedule
Of Condensed Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease
Position |
|
October
31, 2022 |
|
October
31, 2021 |
Operating
Leases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
lease right-of-use assets |
|
$ |
1,198,969 |
|
|
$ |
55,604 |
|
Right
of use liability operating lease, current portion |
|
$ |
166,051 |
|
|
$ |
13,020 |
|
Right
of use liability operating lease, long term |
|
|
1,050,776 |
|
|
|
46,185 |
|
Total
operating lease liabilities |
|
$ |
1,216,827 |
|
|
$ |
59,205 |
|
The following table provides the future minimum operating
lease payments as of October 31, 2022:
Schedule of Lessee Operating Lease Liability Maturity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
Leases |
Future minimum operating lease liabilities on October 31, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
2023 |
|
|
$ |
217,468 |
|
2024 |
|
|
|
228,134 |
|
2025 |
|
|
|
238,800 |
|
2026 |
|
|
|
253,614 |
|
2027 and thereafter |
|
|
|
450,934 |
|
Total future undiscounted lease payments |
|
|
$ |
1,388,950 |
|
Less: Imputed interest |
|
|
|
(172,123 |
) |
Present value of lease liabilities |
|
|
$ |
1,216,827 |
|
As of October 31, 2022, the Company had no additional
leases which had not yet commenced.
Note 5 – Stockholders’ Equity
Common
Shares
During
the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022:
During
the year, the Company issued 39,637 common shares for services rendered with a fair value of $65,323. There were 25,000,000 common shares
issued for the conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to Common Stock, see preferred shares converted below. The Company
issued 855,605 for $1,625,650 proceeds for the exercise of warrants.
During
the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021:
During the year ended October 31, 2021, 674,803 shares
of Common Stock were issued to 8 non-employee vendors as compensation for professional services rendered to the Company and two officers
as additional compensation. These shares were expensed to the Company using the closing share price on the grant dates to compute an aggregate
fair market value total of $8,944,100, of which 308,333 shares and $1,597,667 compensation is related to shares issued to Inflection Partners
disclosed above.
In September 2021, the Company completed a
firm commitment underwritten offering, which offering was made pursuant to its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No.
333-258339) (the “Registration Statement”). The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) declared the
Registration Statement effective on August 10, 2021. The Company sold 4,700,000
million shares of our Common Stock and warrants, with an exercise price of $1.90
per share and an expiration of five years, to purchase an additional 3,525,000
shares of its Common Stock. The Company sold each share of its Common Stock and warrants to purchase 0.75 shares of its Common Stock
at a combined public offering price of $1.70. The
Company also granted the underwriter the option to purchase an additional 705,000
shares of its Common Stock and warrants to purchase an additional 528,750 shares
of its Common Stock. As of October 31, 2021, the Company had received net proceeds from the offering of approximately $8,305,772,
net of offering cost. The Company had also received approximately $1,665,113
from the exercise of 879,828
warrants.
On November 1, 2020, the Company entered into
a Consulting Agreement with Inflection Partners LLC (“Inflection Partners”), pursuant to which the Company engaged Inflection
Partners to provide investor relations, corporate communication, marketing, strategic advising, and operational activities (collectively,
the “Inflection Services”), in exchange for a $45,000
deposit, a $60,000
monthly retainer, 83,333
shares of restricted Common Stock due upon the execution of the agreement, and an incentive compensation of 83,333
shares of restricted Common Stock or warrants to purchase 125,000
shares of restricted Common Stock. On January 6, 2021, the Company entered into a new Consulting Agreement with Inflection Partners
which replaced the original Consulting Agreement, pursuant to which the Company engaged Inflection Partners to provide “the Inflection Services”, in exchange for a $45,000
deposit, a $60,000
monthly retainer, 83,333
shares of restricted Common Stock due upon the execution of the agreement, and an incentive compensation of an aggregate of 166,667
shares of restricted Common Stock On October 15, 2021, the Company paid $100,000 and 225,000 shares of restricted
Common Stock. The Consulting Agreement was terminated on October 31, 2021 and
no further compensation is due. During the year ended October 31, 2021, 308,333
shares of restricted Common Stock were issued to Inflection Partners as
compensation for services provided to the Company. The fair value of the shares of Common Stock issued was $1,597,667.
Preferred Shares Converted
The authorized preferred stock of the Company consists
of 5,000,000 shares with a par value of $ 0.001 per share, of which 3,000,000 shares were designated as Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). Each share of the Series A Preferred Stock was initially convertible into 100 shares
of Common Stock; however, as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the conversion rate was adjusted such that each share of the Series
A Preferred Stock is convertible into approximately 8.33 shares of Common Stock. On June 24, 2022, all 3,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock were converted into shares of Common Stock by Kaival Holdings, LLC, a related party. The conversion of 3,000,000 shares of Series
A Preferred Stock, at a conversion rate of 8.33, equaled 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock. As a result, the authorized, preferred stock
of the Company consists of 5,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.001 per share, with 0 shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding
as of October 31, 2022.
Restricted
Stock Unit Awards
During the fiscal year October 31, 2022:
During
the twelve months ended October 31, 2022, 123,256 shares of Common Stock were issued to seven employees of the Company pursuant
to restricted stock unit (“RSU”) agreements, resulting in $172,379 of share-based compensation. Of the shares issued
to employees, 44,720 shares were withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations equal to $59,862.
On
March 4, 2022, the Company’s Board approved the termination of the RSU agreements with the consent of the employees. At the time
these agreements were terminated, there remained 1,564,166 unvested RSUs with approximately $4,457,875 of related unvested compensation. See Common
Stock Compensation Transition Plan below for additional details.
During
the fiscal year October 31, 2021:
During
the twelve months ended October 31, 2021, 221,666 shares
of Common Stock were issued to eight employees of the Company pursuant to restricted stock unit (“RSU”) agreements,
resulting in $505,321 of
share-based compensation. Of the shares issued to employees, 92,871 shares
were withheld by the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations equal to $254,110 as
of October 31, 2021. Additionally, one employee resigned her employment from the Company and forfeited 23,333 RSUs Accordingly,
there remains 499,167 unvested employee RSUs corresponding to $1,011,019 of
unamortized stock expenses as of October 31, 2021.
On
January 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved the award of 41,667 “RSUs” under the 2020 Stock and Incentive
Compensation Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) and made a grant to one employee. The RSUs had a fair value of $315,000 at
the time of grant. The RSUs were awarded pursuant to restricted stock unit agreements (“RSU Agreement”), which provide for
vesting over the course of three years, with a portion of the RSUs vesting every three months. The vesting schedules are set forth in
the applicable RSU Agreements.
Stock Options
Summary of stock options information is as follows:
Schedule Of Stock holders Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
Aggregate |
|
Aggregate |
|
Exercise |
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Exercise
Price |
|
Price
Range |
|
|
Exercise
Price |
Outstanding, October
31, 2020 |
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
3,074,010 |
|
|
|
9.12-28.68 |
|
|
|
20.49 |
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
Cancelled,
forfeited, or expired |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
Outstanding, October
31, 2021 |
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
|
3,074,010 |
|
|
|
9.12-28.68 |
|
|
|
20.49 |
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
3,110,600 |
|
|
|
6,708,460 |
|
|
|
1.03-2.85 |
|
|
|
2.16 |
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
Cancelled,
forfeited, or expired |
|
|
(58,335 |
) |
|
|
(861,041 |
) |
|
|
9.12-25.98 |
|
|
|
14.76 |
Outstanding, October
31, 2022 |
|
|
3,202,265 |
|
|
$ |
8,921,429 |
|
|
$ |
1.03-28.68 |
|
|
|
2.79 |
|
|
|
Exercisable,
October 31, 2022 |
|
|
2,460,270 |
|
|
$ |
7,386,509 |
|
|
$ |
1.03-28.68 |
|
|
$ |
3.00 |
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021,
the Company recognized $1,773,947 related
to outstanding stock options. On October 31, 2021, the Company had $1,314,055 of
unrecognized expenses related to options. The weighted average remaining contractual life is approximately 9.43 years for stock
options outstanding on October 31, 2022. The aggregate intrinsic value of these outstanding options as of October 31, 2021 was
$0.
During fiscal year
2021, the Company granted options exercisable for up to 150,000 shares of Common Stock of which 15,000 fully vested on March 17,
2021, 7,500 fully vested on June 30, 2021, 41,667 fully vested on December 1, 2021, 17,500 vested on March 17, 2022, 8,750 vest on
June 30, 2022, and 1,248 vest over the next year on March 17, 2023, and June 30, 2023. The options have exercise prices ranging from
$9.12 to $28.68 per share. On July 19, 2021, two of the stock option agreements, exercisable for an aggregate of 50,000 shares of
Common Stock, were modified to accelerate the full vesting period from 3 years to 2 years.
The Company fair valued the options on
the grant date at $3,088,002 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price range
of $9.12 to $27.36 per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), volatility range
of 294.55% to 301.53%, expected term of 10 years, and a risk-free interest rate range of 1.19%
to 1.63%. The Company is amortizing the expense over the vesting terms of each. On June 24, 2022, 33,333 of the stock options
referenced above were canceled and a further 25,002 were cancelled. The unamortized expense when cancelled was $214,398.
During the year ended
October 31, 2022, the Company recognized stock option expense of $6,043,312 related to outstanding stock options. On October 31, 2022,
the Company had $1,716,795 of unrecognized expenses related to options. The weighted average remaining contractual life is approximately
9.52 years for stock options outstanding on October 31, 2022. As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the intrinsic
value was $50,000 and $0, respectively, to the outstanding stock options.
On February 27, 2022, non-qualified stock options
exercisable for up to 200,000
shares of Common Stock were awarded to two consultants of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant
date, with one-half of the shares vesting on the grant date and the remaining one-half of the shares vesting on the first anniversary
of the grant date. The fair value of the options on the grant dates was $489,998
using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $2.45
per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 288.93%,
expected term of 10
years, and a risk-free interest rate of 1.83%.
On April 22, 2022, non-qualified stock options exercisable
for up to 75,000
shares of Common Stock were awarded to one consultant of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant
date, with one-half of the shares vesting on June 30, 2022 and the remaining one-half of the shares vesting on October 31, 2022. The
fair value of the options on the grant date was
106,499
using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $1.42
per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed
volatility of 286.00%,
expected term of 10
years, and a risk-free interest rate of 2.90%.
On May 18, 2022, non-qualified stock options
exercisable for up to 500,000 shares
of Common Stock were awarded to one consultant of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with
the shares fully vesting on December 1, 2022. The fair value of the options on the grant date was $514,997 using
a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $1.03 per
share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 284.70%,
expected term of 10 years,
and a risk-free interest rate of 2.89%.
On August 1, 2022, non-qualified stock options exercisable
for up to 25,000
shares of Common Stock were awarded to one employee of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date,
with the shares fully vesting on August 1, 2023. The fair value of the options on the grant date was $29,000
using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $1.16
per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 281.14%,
expected term of 10
years, and a risk-free interest rate of 2.60%.
On August 24, 2022, non-qualified stock options
exercisable for up to 50,000
shares of Common Stock were awarded to one consultant of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date,
with the shares fully vesting on grant date. The fair value of the options on the grant date was $65,999
using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $1.32
per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 279.81%,
expected term of 10
years, and a risk-free interest rate of 3.11%.
On
March 4, 2022, options exercisable for up to an aggregate of 1,385,600 shares of Common Stock were granted from this new stock option
program to the executive officers and employees, as a result of the transition. The fair values of the options on the grant dates,
as noted above, were approximately $3,948,948 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price
$2.85 per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), volatility of 294.55%, expected term of 10 years, and a risk-free
interest rate range of 1.62%. The Company is amortizing the expense over the vesting terms of each option. Please reference the Common Stock Compensation
Transition Plan below.
On June 24, 2022, non-qualified stock options exercisable
for up to 875,000 shares of Common Stock were awarded to two officers and three board members of the Company. These stock options have
a ten-year term from the grant date, with 375,000 fully vested on June 24, 2022, and 500,000 vest over the next 2 years on June 23, 2023,
and June 23, 2024. The fair value of the options on the grant dates was $1,504,990 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following assumptions: stock price $1.72 per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of
283.12%, expected term of 10 years, and a risk-free interest rate of 3.13%.
Common Stock Compensation Transition Plan
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2021 the
Board and executive management began cost reduction discussions, including the reduction of non-cash items such as equity compensation
awards. Those discussions stalled primarily due to the focus on other corporate events of significant value.
In the first and second
fiscal quarters of 2022, the Board resumed discussions,
assessments, and evaluations regarding the equity compensation awarded to its officers and employees. The Board ultimately approved a
stock option program for equity awards granted to its officers and employees. The Compensation Committee finalized
the program in February 2022 and approved it in March 2022. While evaluating and designing this program, the Compensation Committee did
not utilize any aspects of value to the employees or other features. Therefore, the termination of the RSU program and the newly adopted
stock option program were developed completely independent of each other and terminated and implemented, respectively, distinctly and
simultaneously. Management concluded under ASC 718
these transactions are a cancelation and replacement whereby total compensation cost measured at the date of a cancellation and replacement
is the portion of the grant-date fair value of the original award for which the service is expected to be rendered at that date plus the
incremental cost resulting from the cancellation and replacement. Incremental cost is measured as the excess of the fair value of the
replacement award over the fair value of the cancelled award at the cancellation date in which there was none since the fair value of
the replacement award was less than the fair value of the canceled award.
The outcomes of this decision and the transition on
March 4, 2022, resulting in: (i) the termination of the RSU program for all executive officers and employees, consisting of 1,564,166
unvested RSUs and (ii) the implementation a new stock option program for executive officers and employees. The stock options granted pursuant
to the program will have ten-year terms from the grant date, with one-half of the shares vesting on the grant date and the remaining one-half
of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date. Please reference the Stock Options disclosure above.
As part of the Company’s underwritten
public offering in September 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase a total of 4,053,750
shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.90
per share. These warrants expire in 2026. Warrants for 879,828 shares of Common Stock were exercised during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021 for proceeds
of $1,665,113. Warrants for 855,605
shares of Common Stock were exercised during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, for proceeds of $1,625,650.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the
Company recognized revenue of $68,139
from five companies owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science Officer and Regulatory Officer and director of the Company, and/or
his wife.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the
Company recognized revenue of $154,560
from seven companies owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director of the Company, and/or his
wife.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022,
the Company purchased Products equal to $1,505,390 from
Bidi, a related party company that is also owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Company’s Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and
director. As of October 31, 2022, the Company did not have an accounts payable balance to Bidi.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the
Company purchased Products equal to $91,149,783 from Bidi, a related party company that is also owned by Nirajkumar Patel,
the Company’s Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director, and after returns of $29,283,452, resulted in the net amount of
$61,866,332 in product purchases. As of October 31, 2021, the Company had accounts payable to Bidi of $12,667,769.
On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into a Lease
Agreement (the “2022 Lease”) with Just Pick, LLC for approximately 21,332 rentable square feet combined in the office building
and warehouse located at 4460 Old Dixie Highway, Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949 (the “Premises”), together with all improvements
thereon. Just Pick, LLC is considered a related party to the Company because the Company’s Chief Science Officer and director, Mr.
Nirajkumar Patel, owns and controls Just Pick, LLC. See also Note 4. We believe our office space is sufficient to meet our current needs.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021,
the Company was part of a five-year lease agreement with Just Pick, LLC (a related party), which began on August 1, 2020. The Company
was not yet being charged for the leased space under the terms and conditions of the lease between the Company and Just Pick, LLC. Accordingly,
no payments were made on the lease during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. The lease ended in the current year upon signing the
previously mentioned lease with Just Pick, LLC on June 10, 2022.
The Company is subject to federal income taxes and
state income tax in the U.S. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and income tax assets and
liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”)
was enacted on December 22, 2017 and reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminated corporate Alternative Minimum
Tax, modified rules for expensing capital investment, and limited the deduction of interest expense for certain companies. The Company
fulfilled and shipped all the Products from Florida and, thus, it is subject to the state corporate income tax of Florida with a tax rate
of 4.458%. There is no difference between the income tax computed at the combined federal and state statutory rate to the income tax effective
rate.
Significant components of the tax expense (benefit)
recognized in the accompanying statements of operations for the years ended October 31, 2022, and October 31, 2021, are as follows:
Total net deferred taxes are comprised of the following
on October 31, 2021, and October 31, 2022:
The Company has Federal NOL carryforwards of
approximately $12,295,530 and state NOL carryforwards of approximately $85,429.
With the changes instituted by the CARES Act, the Federal NOLs have an indefinite life and will not expire. The Company’s federal
and state tax returns for the 2019 and 2020 tax years generally remain subject to examination by U.S. and various state authorities.
A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the deferred tax asset if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not
that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative,
management has determined that a valuation allowance of $4,286,269
for the year ended on October 31, 2022, it is necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that will more likely than
not be realized.
During the year ended October 31, 2022, the Company
generated a pre-tax loss of $(), creating a $0 federal tax current provision and a state tax benefit of $(18,317).
On March 17, 2021, the Company entered into a
consulting agreement with Russell Quick, pursuant to which the Company granted stock options exercisable for up to 41,667 shares
of Common Stock in exchange for consulting services. The shares underlying the stock options fully vested on December 1, 2021. The
exercise price per share was $28.68.
The Company recognized approximately $190,000 in
expense to account for the stock options during the fiscal year ended October 31,2022. The Company recognized approximately
$1,140,000 in expense to account for the stock options during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021. Russell Quick is the Chief
Executive Officer of QuikfillRx.
On December 1, 2021, the Company and Russell Quick
agreed to renew his consulting agreement for one year, pursuant to which on May 18, 2022, the Company granted non-qualified stock options
exercisable for up to 500,000
shares of the Common Stock in exchange for on-going consulting services. The shares underlying the stock options fully vest on
December 1, 2022. They have a 10-year
expiration. The exercise price per share is $1.03.
The Company recognized approximately $434,000
in expense to account for the stock options in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. The Company accrued approximately $33,871
for a quarterly bonus payable to QuikfillRx, based on the Applicable Gross Quarterly Sales results of the three months ended October
31, 2022. As of the date of these financial statements, Mr. Quick has not exercised any of his fully vested stock options.
On August
1, 2022, the Company approved the grant of a stock option award to an employee, to acquire up to 25,000 shares of Common Stock under the
Company’s Amended 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. The option shares vest on August 1, 2023 and are exercisable at a
price of $1.16 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of the date immediately prior to the grant date. The
option has a ten-year term. The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2)
thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.
On August 24, 2022, Company approved
amending the Consulting Agreement for Mark Thoenes, the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, in order to extend its term,
modify the vesting terms of the previously granted stock option award, and approved the grant of a stock option award to acquire up to
50,000 shares of Common Stock under the Company’s Amended 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. The option shares vest on
August 24, 2022 and are exercisable at a price of $1.32 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of the date
immediately prior to the grant date. The option has a ten-year term. The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.
On October 28, 2022, The Company
entered into a settlement agreement with a customer in the amount of $150,000. The full settlement released and discharged both parties
from future claims and damages, neither party has any further obligations to the other party arising out of or relating to the customer
agreement.