Quarterly Report (10-q)

Three Months ended

(Dollars in thousands)

March 31,
2019

March 31,
2018

Amortization expense

Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

____________________________________________________________


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number 000-18911

____________________________________________________________

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________________



MONTANA	81-0519541
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

49 Commons Loop, Kalispell, Montana	59901
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(406) 756-4200

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

____________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	GBCI	NASDAQ

The number of shares of Registrant’s common stock outstanding on April 16, 2019 was 84,588,574 . No preferred shares are issued or outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



	Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1 – Financial Statements
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition – March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three Months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three Months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	6
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity – Three Months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	8
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk	68
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	68
Part II. Other Information	68
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	68
Item 1A – Risk Factors	68
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	68
Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities	69
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	69
Item 5 – Other Information	69
Item 6 – Exhibits	69
Signatures	70

ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

ALCO – Asset Liability Committee

ALLL or allowance – allowance for loan and lease losses

ASC – Accounting Standards Codification ^TM

ATM – automated teller machine

Bank – Glacier Bank

CDE – Certified Development Entity

CDFI Fund – Community Development Financial Institutions Fund

CEO – Chief Executive Officer

CFO – Chief Financial Officer

Company – Glacier Bancorp, Inc.

DDA – demand deposit account

Fannie Mae – Federal National Mortgage Association

FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board

FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

FHLB – Federal Home Loan Bank

Final Rules – final rules implemented by the federal banking agencies that established a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework

FNB – FNB Bancorp and its subsidiary, The First National Bank of Layton

FRB – Federal Reserve Bank

Freddie Mac – Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

GAAP – accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America

Ginnie Mae – Government National Mortgage Association

Heritage – Heritage Bancorp and its subsidiary, Heritage Bank of Nevada

Interest rate locks - residential real estate derivatives for commitments

LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate

LIHTC – Low Income Housing Tax Credit

NMTC – New Markets Tax Credit

NOW – negotiable order of withdrawal

NRSRO – Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations

OCI – other comprehensive income

OREO – other real estate owned

Repurchase agreements – securities sold under agreements to repurchase

ROU - r ight-of-use

S&P – Standard and Poor’s

SEC – United States Securities and Exchange Commission

TBA – to-be-announced

TDR – troubled debt restructuring

VIE – variable interest entity

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION



(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash on hand and in banks	$	139,333		161,782
Federal funds sold	115			—
Interest bearing cash deposits	63,079			42,008
Cash and cash equivalents	202,527			203,790
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,522,322			2,571,663
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	255,572			297,915
Total debt securities	2,777,894			2,869,578
Loans held for sale, at fair value	29,389			33,156
Loans receivable	8,326,070			8,287,549
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(129,786		)	(131,239	)
Loans receivable, net	8,196,284			8,156,310
Premises and equipment, net	277,619			241,528
Other real estate owned	8,125			7,480
Accrued interest receivable	57,367			54,408
Deferred tax asset	12,554			23,564
Core deposit intangible, net	47,548			49,242
Goodwill	289,586			289,586
Non-marketable equity securities	16,435			27,871
Bank-owned life insurance	82,819			82,320
Other assets	75,632			76,651
Total assets	$	12,073,779		12,115,484
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	3,051,119		3,001,178
Interest bearing deposits	6,536,996			6,492,589
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	489,620			396,151
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	154,683			440,175
Other borrowed funds	14,738			14,708
Subordinated debentures	134,048			134,051
Accrued interest payable	4,709			4,252
Other liabilities	137,016			116,526
Total liabilities	10,522,929			10,599,630
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 117,187,500 shares authorized	846			845
Paid-in capital	1,051,299			1,051,253
Retained earnings - substantially restricted	474,818			473,183
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	23,887			(9,427	)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,550,850			1,515,854
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	12,073,779		12,115,484
Number of common stock shares issued and outstanding	84,588,199			84,521,692

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Interest Income
Investment securities	$	21,351	20,142
Residential real estate loans	10,779		8,785
Commercial loans	83,539		65,515
Consumer and other loans	10,447		8,624
Total interest income	126,116		103,066
Interest Expense
Deposits	5,341		3,916
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	802		485
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,055		2,089
Other borrowed funds	38		16
Subordinated debentures	1,668		1,268
Total interest expense	10,904		7,774
Net Interest Income	115,212		95,292
Provision for loan losses	57		795
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	115,155		94,497
Non-Interest Income
Service charges and other fees	18,015		16,871
Miscellaneous loan fees and charges	967		1,477
Gain on sale of loans	5,798		6,097
Gain (loss) on sale of debt securities	213		(333	)
Other income	3,481		1,974
Total non-interest income	28,474		26,086
Non-Interest Expense
Compensation and employee benefits	52,728		45,721
Occupancy and equipment	8,437		7,274
Advertising and promotions	2,388		2,170
Data processing	3,892		3,967
Other real estate owned	139		72
Regulatory assessments and insurance	1,285		1,206
Core deposit intangibles amortization	1,694		1,056
Other expenses	12,267		12,161
Total non-interest expense	82,830		73,627
Income Before Income Taxes	60,799		46,956
Federal and state income tax expense	11,667		8,397
Net Income	$	49,132	38,559
Basic earnings per share	$	0.58	0.48
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.58	0.48
Dividends declared per share	$	0.26	0.23
Average outstanding shares - basic	84,549,974		80,808,904
Average outstanding shares - diluted	84,614,248		80,887,135

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Net Income	$	49,132		38,559
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	46,452			(25,711	)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	(221		)	282
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	46,231			(25,429	)
Tax effect	(11,715		)	6,444
Net of tax amount	34,516			(18,985	)
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives used for cash flow hedges	(1,834		)	4,379
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income	223			900
Net unrealized (losses) gains on derivatives used for cash flow hedges	(1,611		)	5,279
Tax effect	409			(1,338	)
Net of tax amount	(1,202		)	3,941
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	33,314			(15,044	)
Total Comprehensive Income	$	82,446		23,515

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018



(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock			Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings Substantially Restricted		Accumulated Other Compre- hensive (Loss) Income
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Amount		Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings Substantially Restricted		Accumulated Other Compre- hensive (Loss) Income		Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	78,006,956	$	780	797,997		402,259		(1,979	)	1,199,057
Net income	—	—		—		38,559		—		38,559
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(15,044	)	(15,044	)
Cash dividends declared ($0.23 per share)	—	—		—		(19,476	)	—		(19,476	)
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions	6,432,868	64		250,743		—		—		250,807
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	71,648	1		(1	)	—		—		—
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	—	—		121		—		—		121
Balance at March 31, 2018	84,511,472	$	845	1,048,860		421,342		(17,023	)	1,454,024
Balance at January 1, 2019	84,521,692	$	845	1,051,253		473,183		(9,427	)	1,515,854
Net income	—	—		—		49,132		—		49,132
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		33,314		33,314
Cash dividends declared ($0.26 per share)	—	—		—		(22,039	)	—		(22,039	)
Stock issuances under stock incentive plans	66,507	1		(1	)	—		—		—
Stock-based compensation and related taxes	—	—		47		—		—		47
Cumulative-effect of accounting changes	—	—		—		(25,458	)	—		(25,458	)
Balance at March 31, 2019	84,588,199	$	846	1,051,299		474,818		23,887		1,550,850

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Operating Activities
Net income	$	49,132		38,559
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses	57			795
Net amortization of debt securities	5,379			3,465
Net (accretion) amortization of purchase accounting adjustments	(1,788		)	1,337
Amortization of debt modification costs	412			412
Origination of loans held for sale	(145,163		)	(175,506	)
Proceeds from loans held for sale	154,756			184,188
Gain on sale of loans	(5,798		)	(6,097	)
(Gain) loss on sale of debt securities	(213		)	333
Bank-owned life insurance income, net	(497		)	(424	)
Stock-based compensation, net of tax benefits	1,197			1,189
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment	4,574			3,722
Gain on sale and write-downs of other real estate owned, net	(416		)	(53	)
Amortization of core deposit intangibles	1,694			1,056
Amortization of investments in variable interest entities	1,644			1,117
Net increase in accrued interest receivable	(2,959		)	(2,709	)
Net (increase) decrease in other assets	(1,636		)	289
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable	457			(155	)
Net decrease in other liabilities	(14,525		)	(3,582	)
Net cash provided by operating activities	46,307			47,936
Investing Activities
Sales of available-for-sale debt securities	269,616			219,855
Maturities, prepayments and calls of available-for-sale debt securities	120,368			72,952
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities	(311,281		)	(383,992	)
Maturities, prepayments and calls of held-to-maturity debt securities	29,945			13,297
Principal collected on loans	617,236			552,922
Loan originations	(656,930		)	(678,251	)
Net additions to premises and equipment	(3,809		)	(5,558	)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned	1,208			755
Proceeds from redemption of non-marketable equity securities	39,436			28,986
Purchases of non-marketable equity securities	(28,000		)	(18,395	)
Investments in variable interest entities	(576		)	(16,129	)
Net cash received from acquisitions	—			101,268
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	77,213			(112,290	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits	$	94,322		524,162
Net increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	93,470			4,041
Net decrease in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(285,000		)	(200,000	)
Repayments of long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(896		)	(104	)
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowed funds	27			(11,562	)
Cash dividends paid	(25,562		)	(107	)
Tax withholding payments for stock-based compensation	(1,144		)	(1,032	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(124,783		)	315,398
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,263		)	251,044
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	203,790			200,004
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	202,527		451,048
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	10,447		7,930
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	$	1,437		378
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	647			—
Dividends declared but not paid	22,039			19,476
Acquisitions
Fair value of common stock shares issued	—			250,807
Cash consideration for outstanding shares	—			16,265
Effective settlement of a pre-existing receivable	—			10,054
Fair value of assets acquired	—			1,549,158
Liabilities assumed	—			1,383,756

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General

Glacier Bancorp, Inc. (“Company”) is a Montana corporation headquartered in Kalispell, Montana. The Company provides a full range of banking services to individuals and businesses in Montana, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Colorado and Arizona through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Glacier Bank (“Bank”). The Company offers a wide range of banking products and services, including: 1) retail banking; 2) business banking; 3) real estate, commercial, agriculture and consumer loans; and 4) mortgage origination services. The Company serves individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition as of March 31, 2019 , the results of operations and comprehensive income for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , and changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited consolidated statements of the Company as of that date.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2019 .

The Company is a defendant in legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition of pending litigation will not have a material affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include: 1) the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL” or “allowance”); 2) the valuation of debt securities; 3) the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans; and 4) the evaluation of goodwill impairment. For the determination of the ALLL and real estate valuation estimates, management obtains independent appraisals (new or updated) for significant items. Estimates relating to investment valuations are obtained from independent third parties. Estimates relating to the evaluation of goodwill for impairment are determined based on internal calculations using significant independent party inputs.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the parent holding company and the Bank. The Bank consists of fourteen bank divisions, a treasury division, an information technology division and a centralized mortgage division. The treasury division includes the Bank’s investment portfolio and wholesale borrowings, the information technology division includes the Bank’s internal data processing, and the centralized mortgage division includes mortgage loan servicing and secondary market sales. The Bank divisions operate under separate names, management teams and advisory directors. The Company considers the Bank to be its sole operating segment as the Bank 1) engages in similar bank business activity from which it earns revenues and incurs expenses; 2) the operating results of the Bank are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (i.e., the chief operating decision maker) who makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the Bank; and 3) financial information is available for the Bank. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Bank has subsidiary interests in variable interest entities (“VIE”) for which the Bank has both the power to direct the VIE’s significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. These subsidiary interests are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Bank also has subsidiary interests in VIEs for which the Bank does not have a controlling financial interest and is not the primary beneficiary. These subsidiary interests are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The parent holding company owns non-bank subsidiaries that have issued trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital instruments. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company's investments in the trust subsidiaries are included in other assets on the Company's statements of financial condition.

On April 30, 2019, the Company acquired the outstanding common stock of FNB Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The First National Bank of Layton, a community bank based in Layton, Utah (collectively, “FNB”). As of March 31, 2019, FNB had total assets of $328,893,000 , gross loans of $248,725,000 and total deposits of $279,674,000 . For additional information relating to this subsequent event, see Note 13.

Loans Receivable

Loans that are intended to be held-to-maturity are reported at the unpaid principal balance less net charge-offs and adjusted for deferred fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are deferred and subsequently amortized or accreted as a yield adjustment over the expected life of the loan utilizing the interest method. The objective of the interest method is to calculate periodic interest income at a constant effective yield. When a loan is paid off prior to maturity, the remaining fees and costs on originated loans and premiums or discounts on acquired loans are immediately recognized into interest income.

The Company’s loan segments, which are based on the purpose of the loan, include residential real estate, commercial, and consumer loans. The Company’s loan classes, a further disaggregation of segments, include residential real estate loans (residential real estate segment), commercial real estate and other commercial loans (commercial segment), and home equity and other consumer loans (consumer segment).

Loans that are thirty days or more past due based on payments received and applied to the loan are considered delinquent. Loans are designated non-accrual and the accrual of interest is discontinued when the collection of the contractual principal or interest is unlikely. A loan is typically placed on non-accrual when principal or interest is due and has remained unpaid for ninety days or more. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Subsequent payments on non-accrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance if doubt remains as to the ultimate collectability of the loan. Interest accruals are not resumed on partially charged-off impaired loans. For other loans on nonaccrual, interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

The Company considers impaired loans to be the primary credit quality indicator for monitoring the credit quality of the loan portfolio. Loans are designated impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement and, therefore, the Company has serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to fulfill the contractual obligation. Impaired loans include non-performing loans (i.e., non-accrual loans and accruing loans ninety days or more past due) and accruing loans under ninety days past due where it is probable payments will not be received according to the loan agreement (e.g., troubled debt restructuring). Interest income on accruing impaired loans is recognized using the interest method. The Company measures impairment on a loan-by-loan basis in the same manner for each class within the loan portfolio. An insignificant delay or shortfall in the amounts of payments would not cause a loan or lease to be considered impaired. The Company determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest due.

A restructured loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The Company periodically enters into restructure agreements with borrowers whereby the loans were previously identified as TDRs. When such circumstances occur, the Company carefully evaluates the facts of the subsequent restructure to determine the appropriate accounting and under certain circumstances it may be acceptable not to account for the subsequently restructured loan as a TDR. When assessing whether a concession has been granted by the Company, any prior forgiveness on a cumulative basis is considered a continuing concession. A TDR loan is considered an impaired loan and a specific valuation allowance is established when the fair value of the collateral-dependent loan or present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate based on the original contractual rate) is lower than the carrying value of the impaired loan. The Company has made the following types of loan modifications, some of which were considered a TDR:


•	reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining term of the debt;


•	extension of the maturity date(s) at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for newly originated debt having similar risk characteristics; and


•	reduction of the face amount of the debt as stated in the debt agreements.

The Company recognizes that while borrowers may experience deterioration in their financial condition, many continue to be creditworthy customers who have the willingness and capacity for debt repayment. In determining whether non-restructured or unimpaired loans issued to a single or related party group of borrowers should continue to accrue interest when the borrower has other loans that are impaired or are TDRs, the Company on a quarterly or more frequent basis performs an updated and comprehensive assessment of the willingness and capacity of the borrowers to timely and ultimately repay their total debt obligations, including contingent obligations. Such analysis takes into account current financial information about the borrowers and financially responsible guarantors, if any, including for example:


•	analysis of global, i.e., aggregate debt service for total debt obligations;


•	assessment of the value and security protection of collateral pledged using current market conditions and alternative market assumptions across a variety of potential future situations; and


•	loan structures and related covenants.

For additional information relating to loans, see Note 3.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Based upon management’s analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio, the balance of the ALLL is an estimate of probable credit losses known and inherent within the Bank’s loan portfolio as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. The ALLL is analyzed at the loan class level and is maintained within a range of estimated losses. Determining the adequacy of the ALLL involves a high degree of judgment and is inevitably imprecise as the risk of loss is difficult to quantify. The determination of the ALLL and the related provision for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about known relevant internal and external environmental factors that affect loan losses. The balance of the ALLL is highly dependent upon management’s evaluations of borrowers’ current and prospective performance, appraisals and other variables affecting the quality of the loan portfolio. Individually significant loans and major lending areas are reviewed periodically to determine potential problems at an early date. Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions are reasonably possible and may have a material impact upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, results of operations or capital.

Risk characteristics considered in the ALLL analysis applicable to each loan class within the Company's loan portfolio are as follows:

Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans are secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan class include a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for relatively smaller amounts.

Commercial Real Estate . Commercial real estate loans typically involve larger principal amounts, and repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan and/or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, valuation of the property securing the loan and conditions within the local economies in the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.

Commercial . Commercial loans consist of loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and business expansions. The loans in this category are repaid primarily from the cash flow of a borrower’s principal business operation. Credit risk in these loans is driven by creditworthiness of a borrower and the economic conditions that impact the cash flow stability from business operations across the Company’s diverse, geographic market areas.

Home Equity . Home equity loans consist of junior lien mortgages and first and junior lien lines of credit (revolving open-end and amortizing closed-end) secured by owner-occupied 1-4 family residences. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers. Credit risk in these loans is impacted by economic conditions within the Company’s market areas that affect the value of the residential property securing the loans and affect the borrowers' personal incomes. Mitigating risk factors for this loan class are a large number of borrowers, geographic dispersion of market areas and the loans are originated for terms that range from 10 to 15 years .

Other Consumer . The other consumer loan portfolio consists of various short-term loans such as automobile loans and loans for other personal purposes. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers. Credit risk is driven by consumer economic factors (such as unemployment and general economic conditions in the Company’s diverse, geographic market area) and the creditworthiness of a borrower.

The ALLL consists of a specific valuation allowance component and a general valuation allowance component. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and individually evaluated for impairment. The Company measures impairment on a loan-by-loan basis based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when it is determined that repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. For impairment based on expected future cash flows, the Company considers all information available as of a measurement date, including past events, current conditions, potential prepayments, and estimated cost to sell when such costs are expected to reduce the cash flows available to repay or otherwise satisfy the loan. For alternative ranges of cash flows, the likelihood of the possible outcomes is considered in determining the best estimate of expected future cash flows. The effective interest rate for a loan restructured in a TDR is based on the original contractual rate. For collateral-dependent loans and real estate loans for which foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is probable, impairment is measured by the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. The fair value of the collateral is determined primarily based upon appraisal or evaluation of the underlying real property value.

The general valuation allowance component relates to probable credit losses inherent in the balance of the loan portfolio based on historical loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of qualitative or environmental factors. The historical loss experience is based on the previous twelve quarters loss experience by loan class adjusted for risk characteristics in the existing loan portfolio. The same trends and conditions are evaluated for each class within the loan portfolio; however, the risk characteristics are weighted separately at the individual class level based on the Company’s judgment and experience.

The changes in trends and conditions evaluated for each class within the loan portfolio include the following:


•	changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;


•	changes in global, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments;


•	changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans;


•	changes in experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;


•	changes in the volume and severity of past due and nonaccrual loans;


•	changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system;


•	changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans;


•	the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and


•	the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the Company’s existing portfolio.

The ALLL is increased by provisions for loan losses which are charged to expense. The portions of loan and overdraft balances determined by management to be uncollectible are charged-off as a reduction of the ALLL and recoveries of amounts previously charged-off are credited as an increase to the ALLL. The Company’s charge-off policy is consistent with bank regulatory standards. Consumer loans generally are charged-off when the loan becomes over 120 days delinquent. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned (“OREO”) until such time as it is sold.

At acquisition date, the assets and liabilities of acquired banks are recorded at their estimated fair values which results in no ALLL carried over from acquired banks. Subsequent to acquisition, an allowance will be recorded on the acquired loan portfolios for further credit deterioration, if any.

Leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. A lessee lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria (e.g., lease contains option to purchase that Company is reasonably certain to exercise), in which case it is classified as a finance lease. Effective January 1, 2019, operating leases are included in net premises and equipment and other liabilities on the Company’s statements of financial condition and lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance leases are included in net premises and equipment and other borrowed funds on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. An ROU asset represents the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and also includes any direct costs and payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. When an implicit rate is not available, an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date is used in determining the present value of the lease payments. A lease term may include an option to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. The Company accounts for lease and nonlease components (e.g., common-area maintenance) together as a single combined lease component for all asset classes. Short-term leases of 12 months or less are excluded from accounting guidance; as a result, the lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and the leases are not reflected on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Renewal and termination options are considered when determining short-term leases. Leases are accounted for on an individual lease level.

Lease improvements incurred at the inception of the lease are recorded as an asset and depreciated over the initial term of the lease and lease improvements incurred subsequently are depreciated over the remaining term of the lease.

The Company also leases certain premises and equipment to third parties. A lessor lease is classified as an operating lease unless it meets certain criteria that would classify it as either a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease. For additional information relating to leases, see Note 4.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when services or products are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company’s principal source of revenue is interest income from debt securities and loans. Revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification ^™ (“ASC”) Topic 606 was $18,446,000 and $17,291,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and largely consisted of revenue from service charges and other fees from deposits (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, debit card fees). Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s contracts with customers, an insignificant amount of receivables related to such revenue was recorded at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and there were no impairment losses recognized. Policies specific to revenue from contracts with customers include the following:

Service Charges. Revenue from service charges consists of service charges and fees on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds and, when applicable, pay interest on deposits. Service charges on deposit accounts may be transactional or non-transactional in nature. Transactional service charges occur in the form of a service or penalty and are charged upon the occurrence of an event (e.g., overdraft fees, ATM fees, wire transfer fees). Transactional service charges are recognized as services are delivered to and consumed by the customer, or as penalty fees are charged. Non-transactional service charges are charges that are based on a broader service, such as account maintenance fees and dormancy fees, and are recognized on a monthly basis.

Debit Card Fees. Revenue from debit card fees includes interchange fee income from debit cards processed through card association networks. Interchange fees represent a portion of a transaction amount that the Company and other involved parties retain to compensate themselves for giving the cardholder immediate access to funds. Interchange rates are generally set by the card association networks and are based on purchase volumes and other factors. The Company records interchange fees as services are provided.

Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2019

The ASC is the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) officially recognized source of authoritative GAAP applicable to all public and non-public non-governmental entities. Rules and interpretive releases of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the authority of the federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for the Company as an SEC registrant. All other accounting literature is non-authoritative. The following paragraphs provide descriptions of recently adopted Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) that may have had a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2017-08 - Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. In March 2017, FASB amended ASC Subtopic 310-20 to shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendments required the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date instead of the maturity date. The amendments did not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendments were effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and any adjustments were to be reflected as of the beginning of the year that includes the interim period. Entities were to apply the amendments on a modified retrospective basis; therefore, a cumulative-effect reduction to retained earnings of $24,102,000 was recognized as of the January 1, 2019 effective date. The Company’s debt securities that were effected by the amendments were primarily in the state and local governments category. The Company’s accounting policies and procedures were updated to reflect the amendments.

ASU 2016-02 - Leases. In February 2016, FASB amended ASC Topic 842 to address several aspects of lease accounting with the significant change being the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases previously classified as operating leases. The amendments were effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has lease agreements for which the amendments required the recognition of a lease liability to make lease payments and an ROU asset which represents its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. An entity is permitted to elect not to restate its comparative periods in the period of adoption when transitioning to ASC Topic 842 and the Company made this election. In addition, the Company made the following elections related to implementation: 1) to not use hindsight in determining lease terms and in assessing impairment of ROU assets; and 2) to use the practical expedient package, which required no reassessment of whether existing contracts are or contain leases as well as no reassessment of lease classification for existing leases. At the date of adoption, the Company recognized an ROU asset and related lease liability on the Company’s statement of financial condition of $36,178,000 and $38,220,000 , respectively. The Company developed new processes to comply with the accounting and disclosure requirements of such amendments and policies and procedures were updated accordingly.

Accounting Guidance Pending Adoption at March 31, 2019

The following paragraphs provide descriptions of newly issued but not yet effective ASUs that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2017-04 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. In January 2017, FASB amended ASC Topic 350 to simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under these amendments, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company has goodwill from prior business combinations and performs an annual impairment test or more frequently if changes or circumstances occur that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company performed its impairment assessment and determined the fair value of the aggregated reporting units exceeded the carrying value, such that the Company’s goodwill was not considered impaired. Although the Company cannot anticipate future goodwill impairment assessments, based on the most recent assessment, it is unlikely that an impairment amount would need to be calculated and, therefore, the Company does not anticipate a material impact from these amendments to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The current accounting policies and processes are not anticipated to change, except for the elimination of the Step 2 analysis. For additional information regarding goodwill impairment testing, see Note 5.

ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In June 2016, FASB amended ASC Topic 326 to replace the incurred loss model with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the loan and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to calculate credit loss estimates. The amendments are effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments to the Company’s financial position and results of operations and currently does not know or cannot reasonably quantify the impact of the adoption of the amendments as a result of the complexity and extensive changes from the amendments. The ALLL is a material estimate of the Company and given the change from an incurred loss model to a methodology that considers the credit loss over the life of the loan, there is the potential for an increase in the ALLL at adoption date. The Company is anticipating a significant change in the processes and procedures to calculate the ALLL, including changes in assumptions and estimates to consider expected credit losses over the life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the incurred loss model. The Company will also develop new procedures for determining an allowance for credit losses relating to held-to-maturity debt securities. In addition, the current accounting policy and procedures for other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale debt securities will be replaced with an allowance approach. The Company has engaged a third-party vendor solution and is currently in the implementation phase and evaluating the appropriate models, loan pools and assumptions to be utilized. The project team anticipates running parallel models during 2019 to refine its processes and procedures. For additional information on the ALLL, see Note 3.

Note 2. Debt Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of the Company’s debt securities:



	March 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized			Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gains	Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	21,685	22	(186	)	21,521
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	105,189		1,269	(1	)	106,457
State and local governments	700,070		25,426	(305	)	725,191
Corporate bonds	217,494		1,293	(239	)	218,548
Residential mortgage-backed securities	828,103		3,154	(6,209	)	825,048
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	612,407		14,235	(1,085	)	625,557
Total available-for-sale	2,484,948		45,399	(8,025	)	2,522,322
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	255,572		5,842	(6	)	261,408
Total held-to-maturity	255,572		5,842	(6	)	261,408
Total debt securities	$	2,740,520	51,241	(8,031	)	2,783,730



	December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized			Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gains	Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	23,757	54	(162	)	23,649
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	120,670		52	(514	)	120,208
State and local governments	844,636		18,936	(11,322	)	852,250
Corporate bonds	292,052		378	(1,613	)	290,817
Residential mortgage-backed securities	808,537		628	(16,250	)	792,915
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	490,868		3,312	(2,356	)	491,824
Total available-for-sale	2,580,520		23,360	(32,217	)	2,571,663
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	297,915		1,380	(11,039	)	288,256
Total held-to-maturity	297,915		1,380	(11,039	)	288,256
Total debt securities	$	2,878,435	24,740	(43,256	)	2,859,919

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2019 . Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities since issuers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.



	March 31, 2019
	Available-for-Sale			Held-to-Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
Due within one year	$	88,040	88,011	—	—
Due after one year through five years	243,020		245,035	7,061	7,230
Due after five years through ten years	272,600		282,663	76,025	78,561
Due after ten years	440,778		456,008	172,486	175,617
	1,044,438		1,071,717	255,572	261,408
Mortgage-backed securities ¹	1,440,510		1,450,605	—	—
Total	$	2,484,948	2,522,322	255,572	261,408

______________________________

¹ Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities and the associated gains and losses that have been included in earnings are listed below:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales and calls of debt securities	$	304,048		228,681
Gross realized gains ¹	2,937			6
Gross realized losses ¹	(2,716		)	(288	)
Held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls of debt securities	29,945			15,465
Gross realized gains ¹	2			54
Gross realized losses ¹	(10		)	(105	)

______________________________

¹ The gain or loss on the sale or call of each debt security is determined by the specific identification method.

Debt securities with an unrealized loss position are summarized as follows:



	March 31, 2019
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More			Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value	Unrealized Loss		Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	6,553	(71	)	9,565	(115	)	16,118	(186	)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	—		—		4,961	(1	)	4,961	(1	)
State and local governments	3,736		(4	)	34,411	(301	)	38,147	(305	)
Corporate bonds	18,409		(37	)	53,314	(202	)	71,723	(239	)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	28,049		(86	)	441,716	(6,123	)	469,765	(6,209	)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	20,363		(254	)	49,988	(831	)	70,351	(1,085	)
Total available-for-sale	$	77,110	(452	)	593,955	(7,573	)	671,065	(8,025	)
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	$	—	—		6,896	(6	)	6,896	(6	)
Total held-to-maturity	$	—	—		6,896	(6	)	6,896	(6	)



	December 31, 2018
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More			Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value	Unrealized Loss		Fair Value	Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	4,287	(27	)	10,519	(135	)	14,806	(162	)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	43,400		(103	)	35,544	(411	)	78,944	(514	)
State and local governments	72,080		(922	)	232,244	(10,400	)	304,324	(11,322	)
Corporate bonds	119,111		(937	)	114,800	(676	)	233,911	(1,613	)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	132,405		(833	)	537,202	(15,417	)	669,607	(16,250	)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	73,118		(402	)	86,504	(1,954	)	159,622	(2,356	)
Total available-for-sale	$	444,401	(3,224	)	1,016,813	(28,993	)	1,461,214	(32,217	)
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	$	87,392	(2,778	)	126,226	(8,261	)	213,618	(11,039	)
Total held-to-maturity	$	87,392	(2,778	)	126,226	(8,261	)	213,618	(11,039	)

Based on an analysis of its debt securities with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company determined that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment and the unrealized losses were primarily the result of interest rate changes and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. The fair value of the debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received and the securities approach maturity. At March 31, 2019 , management determined that it did not intend to sell debt securities with unrealized losses, and there was no expected requirement to sell any of its debt securities with unrealized losses before recovery of their amortized cost.

Note 3. Loans Receivable, Net

The Company’s loan portfolio is comprised of three segments: residential real estate, commercial, and consumer and other loans. The loan segments are further disaggregated into the following classes: residential real estate, commercial real estate, other commercial, home equity and other consumer loans. The following table presents loans receivable for each portfolio class of loans:



	At or for the Three Months ended			At or for the Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Residential real estate loans	$	884,732		887,742
Commercial loans
Real estate	4,686,082			4,657,561
Other commercial	1,909,452			1,911,171
Total	6,595,534			6,568,732
Consumer and other loans
Home equity	562,381			544,688
Other consumer	283,423			286,387
Total	845,804			831,075
Loans receivable	8,326,070			8,287,549
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(129,786		)	(131,239	)
Loans receivable, net	$	8,196,284		8,156,310
Net deferred origination (fees) costs included in loans receivable	$	(5,022	)	(5,685	)
Net purchase accounting (discounts) premiums included in loans receivable	$	(23,681	)	(25,172	)
Weighted-average interest rate on loans (tax-equivalent)	5.18		%	4.97	%

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The ALLL is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. The following tables summarize the activity in the ALLL by loan class:



	Three Months ended March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total			Residential Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate		Other Commercial		Home Equity		Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	131,239		10,631		72,448		38,160		5,811		4,189
Provision for loan losses	57			278		(148	)	(915	)	64		778
Charge-offs	(3,341		)	(292	)	(283	)	(840	)	(8	)	(1,918	)
Recoveries	1,831			94		311		444		13		969
Balance at end of period	$	129,786		10,711		72,328		36,849		5,880		4,018



	Three Months ended March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total			Residential Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate		Other Commercial		Home Equity		Other Consumer
Balance at beginning of period	$	129,568		10,798		68,515		39,303		6,204		4,748
Provision for loan losses	795			(177	)	245		(3	)	(202	)	932
Charge-offs	(5,007		)	(3	)	(1,033	)	(1,788	)	(12	)	(2,171	)
Recoveries	2,252			16		615		596		50		975
Balance at end of period	$	127,608		10,634		68,342		38,108		6,040		4,484

The following tables disclose the recorded investment in loans and the balance in the ALLL by loan class:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Loans receivable
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	104,411	10,646	65,104	22,954	3,057	2,650
Collectively evaluated for impairment	8,221,659		874,086	4,620,978	1,886,498	559,324	280,773
Total loans receivable	$	8,326,070	884,732	4,686,082	1,909,452	562,381	283,423
ALLL
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	702	1	57	642	—	2
Collectively evaluated for impairment	129,084		10,710	72,271	36,207	5,880	4,016
Total ALLL	$	129,786	10,711	72,328	36,849	5,880	4,018



	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Loans receivable
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	108,788	12,685	68,837	20,975	3,497	2,794
Collectively evaluated for impairment	8,178,761		875,057	4,588,724	1,890,196	541,191	283,593
Total loans receivable	$	8,287,549	887,742	4,657,561	1,911,171	544,688	286,387
ALLL
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,223	83	568	2,313	39	220
Collectively evaluated for impairment	128,016		10,548	71,880	35,847	5,772	3,969
Total ALLL	$	131,239	10,631	72,448	38,160	5,811	4,189

Substantially all of the Company’s loans receivable are with customers in the Company’s geographic market areas. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its customers’ ability to honor their obligations is dependent upon the economic performance in the Company’s market areas.

Aging Analysis

The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans by loan class:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	28,938	5,211	14,345	5,620	2,273	1,489
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	7,956		768	3,564	1,839	1,082	703
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	2,451		998	234	998	115	106
Non-accrual loans	40,269		6,219	24,096	6,766	2,454	734
Total past due and non-accrual loans	79,614		13,196	42,239	15,223	5,924	3,032
Current loans receivable	8,246,456		871,536	4,643,843	1,894,229	556,457	280,391
Total loans receivable	$	8,326,070	884,732	4,686,082	1,909,452	562,381	283,423



	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Accruing loans 30-59 days past due	$	24,312	5,251	9,477	4,282	3,213	2,089
Accruing loans 60-89 days past due	9,255		860	3,231	3,838	735	591
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	2,018		788	—	492	428	310
Non-accrual loans	47,252		8,021	27,264	8,619	2,575	773
Total past due and non-accrual loans	82,837		14,920	39,972	17,231	6,951	3,763
Current loans receivable	8,204,712		872,822	4,617,589	1,893,940	537,737	282,624
Total loans receivable	$	8,287,549	887,742	4,657,561	1,911,171	544,688	286,387

Impaired Loans



	At or for the Three Months ended March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
Recorded balance	$	16,061	44	6,004	10,004	—	9
Unpaid principal balance	16,061		44	6,004	10,004	—	9
Specific valuation allowance	702		1	57	642	—	2
Average balance	17,629		1,001	7,674	8,636	60	258
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
Recorded balance	88,350		10,602	59,100	12,950	3,057	2,641
Unpaid principal balance	105,100		12,009	69,991	16,516	3,699	2,885
Average balance	88,970		10,665	59,296	13,328	3,217	2,464
Total
Recorded balance	104,411		10,646	65,104	22,954	3,057	2,650
Unpaid principal balance	121,161		12,053	75,995	26,520	3,699	2,894
Specific valuation allowance	702		1	57	642	—	2
Average balance	106,599		11,666	66,970	21,964	3,277	2,722



	At or for the Year ended December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
Recorded balance	$	19,197	1,957	9,345	7,268	120	507
Unpaid principal balance	19,491		2,220	9,345	7,268	120	538
Specific valuation allowance	3,223		83	568	2,313	39	220
Average balance	19,519		2,686	8,498	7,081	82	1,172
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
Recorded balance	89,591		10,728	59,492	13,707	3,377	2,287
Unpaid principal balance	107,486		11,989	71,300	17,689	3,986	2,522
Average balance	106,747		10,269	73,889	17,376	3,465	1,748
Total
Recorded balance	108,788		12,685	68,837	20,975	3,497	2,794
Unpaid principal balance	126,977		14,209	80,645	24,957	4,106	3,060
Specific valuation allowance	3,223		83	568	2,313	39	220
Average balance	126,266		12,955	82,387	24,457	3,547	2,920

Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was not significant.

Restructured Loans

A restructured loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The following tables present TDRs that occurred during the periods presented and the TDRs that occurred within the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the periods presented:



	Three Months ended March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans	4		—	1	2	1	—
Pre-modification recorded balance	$	1,705	—	1,035	567	103	—
Post-modification recorded balance	$	1,705	—	1,035	567	103	—
TDRs that subsequently defaulted
Number of loans	—		—	—	—	—	—
Recorded balance	$	—	—	—	—	—	—



	Three Months ended March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Residential Real Estate	Commercial Real Estate	Other Commercial	Home Equity	Other Consumer
TDRs that occurred during the period
Number of loans	12		2	4	6	—	—
Pre-modification recorded balance	$	15,997	439	8,278	7,280	—	—
Post-modification recorded balance	$	15,997	439	8,278	7,280	—	—
TDRs that subsequently defaulted
Number of loans	1		1	—	—	—	—
Recorded balance	$	334	334	—	—	—	—

The modifications for the TDRs that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 included one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date, a reduction of the interest rate or a reduction in the principal amount.

In addition to the TDRs that occurred during the period provided in the preceding tables, the Company had TDRs with pre-modification loan balances of $1,940,000 and $431,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, for which OREO was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans. The majority of such TDRs were in commercial real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 . At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had $1,134,000 and $350,000 , respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had $2,076,000 and $698,000 , respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.

Note 4. Leases

The Company leases certain land, premises and equipment from third parties. Effective January 1, 2019, ROU assets for operating and finance leases are included in net premises and equipment and lease liabilities are included in other liabilities and other borrowed funds, respectively, on the Company’s statements of financial condition. The following table summarizes the Company’s leases:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
ROU assets	$	951
Accumulated depreciation	(832		)
Net ROU assets	$	119		36,247
Lease liabilities	$	163		38,389
Weighted-average remaining lease term	2 years			19 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.3		%	3.7	%

Maturities of lease liabilities consist of the following:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Maturing within one year	$	92	3,286
Maturing one year through two years	77		3,238
Maturing two years through three years	1		3,032
Maturing three years through four years	1		2,832
Maturing four years through five years	—		2,716
Thereafter	—		39,839
Total lease payments	171		54,943
Present value of lease payments
Short-term	86		1,920
Long-term	77		36,469
Total present value of lease payments	163		38,389
Difference between lease payments and present value of lease payments	$	8	16,554

The components of lease expense consist of the following:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets	$	16
Interest on lease liabilities	2
Operating lease cost	913
Short-term lease cost	109
Variable lease cost	199
Sublease income	(2		)
Total lease expense	$	1,237

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:



	Three Months ended
	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Finance Leases		Operating Leases
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows	$	2	479
Financing cash flows	21		N/A

The Company also leases office space to third parties through operating leases. Rent income from these leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was not significant.

Note 5. Goodwill

The following schedule discloses the changes in the carrying value of goodwill:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Net carrying value at beginning of period	$	289,586	177,811
Acquisitions	—		111,724
Net carrying value at end of period	$	289,586	289,535

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter of 2018 and determined the fair value of the aggregated reporting units exceeded the carrying value, such that the Company’s goodwill was not considered impaired. In recognition there were no events or circumstances that occurred during the first quarter of 2019 that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company did not perform interim testing at March 31, 2019 . Changes in the economic environment, operations of the aggregated reporting units, or other factors could result in the decline in the fair value of the aggregated reporting units which could result in a goodwill impairment in the future. Accumulated impairment charges were $40,159,000 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

Note 6. Variable Interest Entities

A VIE is a partnership, limited liability company, trust or other legal entity that meets one of the following criteria: 1) the entity’s equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; 2) the holders of the equity investment at risk, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; and 3) the voting rights of some holders of the equity investment at risk are disproportionate to their obligation to absorb losses or receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. A VIE must be consolidated by the Company if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, which is the party involved with the VIE that has both: 1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance; and 2) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company’s VIEs are regularly monitored to determine if any reconsideration events have occurred that could cause the primary beneficiary status to change. A previously unconsolidated VIE is consolidated when the Company becomes the primary beneficiary. A previously consolidated VIE is deconsolidated when the Company ceases to be the primary beneficiary or the entity is no longer a VIE.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of New Markets Tax Credits (“NMTC”). The NMTC program provides federal tax incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and promotes economic improvements through the development of successful businesses in these communities. The NMTC is available to investors over a seven -year period and is subject to recapture if certain events occur during such period. The maximum exposure to loss in the CDEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each CDE (NMTC) investment and determined the Company does not individually meet the characteristics of a primary beneficiary; however, the related-party group does meet the criteria as a group and substantially all of the activities of the CDEs either involve or are conducted on behalf of the Company. As a result, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the CDEs and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The primary activities of the CDEs are recognized in commercial loans interest income and other borrowed funds interest expense on the Company’s statements of operations and the federal income tax credit allocations from the investments are recognized in the Company’s statements of operations as a component of income tax expense. Such related cash flows are recognized in loans originated, principal collected on loans and change in other borrowed funds.

The Bank is also the sole member of certain tax credit funds that make direct investments in qualified affordable housing projects (e.g., Low-Income Housing Tax Credit [“LIHTC”] partnerships). As such, the Company is the primary beneficiary of these tax credit funds and their assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of the consolidated VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s statements of financial condition and are adjusted for intercompany eliminations. All assets presented can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs and all liabilities presented consist of liabilities for which creditors and other beneficial interest holders therein have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Loans receivable	$	80,466	80,123
Accrued interest receivable	99		96
Other assets	45,808		45,779
Total assets	$	126,373	125,998
Liabilities
Other borrowed funds	$	14,575	14,527
Accrued interest payable	3		1
Other liabilities	123		125
Total liabilities	$	14,701	14,653

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities

The Company has equity investments in LIHTC partnerships, both directly and through tax credit funds, with carrying values of $34,272,000 and $35,112,000 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The LIHTCs are indirect federal subsidies to finance low-income housing and are used in connection with both newly constructed and renovated residential rental buildings. Once a project is placed in service, it is generally eligible for the tax credit for ten consecutive years. To continue generating the tax credit and to avoid tax credit recapture, a LIHTC building must satisfy specific low-income housing compliance rules for a full fifteen -year period. The maximum exposure to loss in the VIEs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the Company. However, the Company has credit protection in the form of indemnification agreements, guarantees, and collateral arrangements. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each LIHTC investment and determined that the Company does not have controlling financial interests in such investments, and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company reports the investments in the unconsolidated LIHTCs as other assets on the Company’s statements of financial condition. Total unfunded contingent commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments totaled $11,362,000 at March 31, 2019 , and the Company expects to fulfill the majority of these commitments during 2019. There were no impairment losses on the Company’s LIHTC investments during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 .

The Company has elected to use the proportional amortization method, and more specifically the practical expedient method, for the amortization of all eligible LIHTC investments and amortization expense is recognized as a component of income tax expense. The following table summarizes the amortization expense and the amount of tax credits and other tax benefits recognized for qualified affordable housing project investments during the periods presented.

The Company also owns the following trust subsidiaries, each of which issued trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital instruments: Glacier Capital Trust II, Glacier Capital Trust III, Glacier Capital Trust IV, Citizens (ID) Statutory Trust I, Bank of the San Juans Bancorporation Trust I, First Company Statutory Trust 2001, and First Company Statutory Trust 2003. The trust subsidiaries have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the securities held by third parties. The trust subsidiaries are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the sole asset of each trust subsidiary is a receivable from the Company, even though the Company owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust subsidiaries, has fully guaranteed the obligations of the trust subsidiaries and may have the right to redeem the third party securities under certain circumstances. The Company reports the trust preferred securities issued to the trust subsidiaries as subordinated debentures on the Company’s statements of financial condition.

Note 7. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) totaled $489,620,000 and $396,151,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, and are secured by debt securities with carrying values of $607,780,000 and $511,294,000 , respectively. Securities are pledged to customers at the time of the transaction in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance and are held in custody accounts by third parties. The fair value of collateral is continually monitored and additional collateral is provided as deemed appropriate. The following tables summarize the carrying value of the Company’s repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and category of collateral:



	March 31, 2019
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days	Total
U.S. government and federal agency	$	4,402	—	4,402
Residential mortgage-backed securities	397,077		—	397,077
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	88,141		—	88,141
Total	$	489,620	—	489,620



	December 31, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(Dollars in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days	Total
Residential mortgage-backed securities	$	328,174	—	328,174
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	66,339		1,638	67,977
Total	$	394,513	1,638	396,151

Note 8. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Swap Derivatives

As of March 31, 2019 , the Company’s interest rate swap derivative financial instruments were designated as cash flow hedges and are summarized as follows:



(Dollars in thousands)	Forecasted Notional Amount		Variable Interest Rate ¹	Fixed Interest Rate ¹		Payment Term
Interest rate swap	$	160,000	3 month LIBOR	3.378	%	Oct. 21, 2014 - Oct. 21, 2021
Interest rate swap	100,000		3 month LIBOR	2.498	%	Nov. 30, 2015 - Nov. 30, 2022

______________________________

¹ The Company pays the fixed interest rate and the counterparty pays the Company the variable interest rate.

The hedging strategy converts the LIBOR-based variable interest rate on borrowings to a fixed interest rate, thereby protecting the Company from interest rate variability.

The interest rate swaps with the $160,000,000 and $100,000,000 notional amounts began their payment terms in October 2014 and November 2015, respectively. The Company designated wholesale deposits and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances as the cash flow hedge and these hedged items were determined to be fully effective during current and prior periods. The aggregate fair value of the interest rate swaps was recorded in other liabilities with changes recorded in OCI. The Company expects the hedges to remain highly effective during the remaining terms of the interest rate swaps. Interest expense recorded on the interest rate swaps totaled $1,976,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , and is reported as a component of interest expense on deposits and FHLB advances. Unless the interest rate swaps are terminated during the next year, the Company expects $1,118,000 of the unrealized loss reported in OCI at March 31, 2019 to be reclassified to interest expense during the next twelve months.

The following table presents the pre-tax gains or losses recorded in OCI and the Company’s statements of operations relating to the interest rate swap derivative financial instruments:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in OCI	$	(1,834	)	4,379
Amount of loss reclassified from OCI to interest expense	(223		)	(900	)

The following table discloses the offsetting of financial assets and interest rate swap derivative assets.



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Gross Amount Offset in the Statements of Financial Position	Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statements of Financial Position	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets	Gross Amount Offset in the Statements of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statements of Financial Position
Interest rate swaps	$	—	—	—	139	(139	)	—

The following table discloses the offsetting of financial liabilities and interest rate swap derivative liabilities.



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statements of Financial Position	Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statements of Financial Position	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities	Gross Amounts Offset in the Statements of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statements of Financial Position
Interest rate swaps	$	5,380	—	5,380	3,908	(139	)	3,769

Pursuant to the interest rate swap agreements, the Company pledged collateral to the counterparty in the form of debt securities totaling $6,402,000 at March 31, 2019 . There was $0 collateral pledged from the counterparty to the Company as of March 31, 2019 . There is the possibility that the Company may need to pledge additional collateral in the future if there were declines in the fair value of the interest rate swap derivative financial instruments versus the collateral pledged.

Residential Real Estate Derivatives

At March 31, 2019 , the Company had residential real estate derivatives for commitments (“interest rate locks”) to fund certain residential real estate loans to be sold into the secondary market. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , loan commitments with interest rate lock commitments totaled $82,604,000 and $59,974,000 , respectively, and the fair value of the related derivatives was included in other assets with corresponding changes recorded in gain on sale of loans. It has been the Company’s practice to enter into “best efforts” forward sales commitments for the future delivery of residential real estate loans to third party investors when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. Forward sales commitments on a “best efforts” basis are not designated in hedge relationships until the loan is funded. Due to the forward sales commitments being short-term in nature, the corresponding derivatives are not significant. The Company also enters into free-standing derivatives to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with certain residential real estate loans to be sold. These derivatives include forward commitments to sell to-be-announced securities (“TBA”) which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain residential real estate loans held for sale and unfunded commitments. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , TBA commitments were $52,500,000 and $40,750,000 , respectively, and the fair value of the related derivatives was included in other liabilities with corresponding changes recorded in gain on sale of loans.

Note 9. Other Expenses

Other expenses consists of the following:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Debit card expenses	$	1,869	1,640
Consulting and outside services	1,767		1,379
Telephone	1,175		1,021
Employee expenses	996		791
Business development	890		468
Loan expenses	859		804
Postage	833		779
Printing and supplies	725		691
VIE amortization and other expenses	545		474
ATM expenses	494		289
Accounting and audit fees	453		418
Checking and operating expenses	362		113
Legal fees	307		314
Mergers and acquisition expenses	214		1,836
Other	778		1,144
Total other expenses	$	12,267	12,161

Note 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table illustrates the activity within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax:



(Dollars in thousands)	Gains (Losses) on Available-For-Sale Debt Securities			Losses on Derivatives Used for Cash Flow Hedges		Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	5,031		(7,010	)	(1,979	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(19,196		)	3,269		(15,927	)
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in net income	211			672		883
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income	(18,985		)	3,941		(15,044	)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(13,954	)	(3,069	)	(17,023	)
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	(6,613	)	(2,814	)	(9,427	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	34,681			(1,369	)	33,312
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in net income	(165		)	167		2
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	34,516			(1,202	)	33,314
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	27,903		(4,016	)	23,887

Note 11. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period presented. Diluted earnings per share is computed by including the net increase in shares as if dilutive outstanding restricted stock awards were vested and stock options were exercised, using the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted earnings per share has been computed based on the following:



	Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Net income available to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	49,132	38,559
Average outstanding shares - basic	84,549,974		80,808,904
Add: dilutive restricted stock awards and stock options	64,274		78,231
Average outstanding shares - diluted	84,614,248		80,887,135
Basic earnings per share	$	0.58	0.48
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.58	0.48

There were 41,593 and 0 restricted stock awards and stock options excluded from the diluted average outstanding share calculation for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock award or the exercise price of a stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

Note 12. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities


Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities


Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Transfers in and out of Level 1 (quoted prices in active markets), Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) and Level 3 (significant unobservable inputs) are recognized on the actual transfer date. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 .

Recurring Measurements

The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended March 31, 2019 .

Debt securities, available-for-sale: fair value for available-for-sale debt securities is estimated by obtaining quoted market prices for identical assets, where available. If such prices are not available, fair value is based on independent asset pricing services and models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, market spreads, prepayments, defaults, recoveries, cumulative loss projections, and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, such securities are classified as Level 3 within the hierarchy.

Fair value determinations of available-for-sale debt securities are the responsibility of the Company’s corporate accounting and treasury departments. The Company obtains fair value estimates from independent third party vendors on a monthly basis. The vendors’ pricing system methodologies, procedures and system controls are reviewed to ensure they are appropriately designed and operating effectively. The Company reviews the vendors’ inputs for fair value estimates and the recommended assignments of levels within the fair value hierarchy. The review includes the extent to which markets for debt securities are determined to have limited or no activity, or are judged to be active markets. The Company reviews the extent to which observable and unobservable inputs are used as well as the appropriateness of the underlying assumptions about risk that a market participant would use in active markets, with adjustments for limited or inactive markets. In considering the inputs to the fair value estimates, the Company places less reliance on quotes that are judged to not reflect orderly transactions, or are non-binding indications. In assessing credit risk, the Company reviews payment performance, collateral adequacy, third party research and analyses, credit rating histories and issuers’ financial statements. For those markets determined to be inactive or limited, the valuation techniques used are models for which management has verified that discount rates are appropriately adjusted to reflect illiquidity and credit risk.

Loans held for sale, at fair value: loans held for sale measured at fair value, for which an active secondary market and readily available market prices exist, are initially valued at the transaction price and are subsequently valued by using quoted prices for similar assets, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan or other observable market data, such as outstanding commitments from third party investors. Loans held for sale measured at fair value are classified within Level 2. Included in gain on sale of loans were net losses of $1,000 and $108,000 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, from the changes in fair value of loans held for sale measured at fair value. Electing to measure loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in fair value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting.

Interest rate swap derivative financial instruments: fair values for interest rate swap derivative financial instruments are based upon the estimated amounts to settle the contracts considering current interest rates and are calculated using discounted cash flows that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The inputs used to determine fair value include the 3 month LIBOR forward curve to estimate variable rate cash inflows and the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate to estimate the discount rate. The estimated variable rate cash inflows are compared to the fixed rate outflows and such difference is discounted to a present value to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swaps. The Company also obtains and compares the reasonableness of the pricing from an independent third party.

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value March 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	21,521	—	21,521	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	106,457		—	106,457	—
State and local governments	725,191		—	725,191	—
Corporate bonds	218,548		—	218,548	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	825,048		—	825,048	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	625,557		—	625,557	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	29,389		—	29,389	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	2,551,711	—	2,551,711	—
Interest rate swaps	$	5,380	—	5,380	—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	5,380	—	5,380	—



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Debt securities, available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	23,649	—	23,649	—
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	120,208		—	120,208	—
State and local governments	852,250		—	852,250	—
Corporate bonds	290,817		—	290,817	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	792,915		—	792,915	—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	491,824		—	491,824	—
Loans held for sale, at fair value	33,156		—	33,156	—
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	2,604,819	—	2,604,819	—
Interest rate swaps	$	3,769	—	3,769	—
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	3,769	—	3,769	—

Non-recurring Measurements

The following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the period ended March 31, 2019 .

Other real estate owned: OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. OREO is subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Estimated fair value of OREO is based on appraisals or evaluations (new or updated). OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL: loans included in the Company’s loan portfolio for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are considered impaired. Estimated fair value of collateral-dependent impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s credit department reviews appraisals for OREO and collateral-dependent loans, giving consideration to the highest and best use of the collateral. The appraisal or evaluation (new or updated) is considered the starting point for determining fair value. The valuation techniques used in preparing appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) include the cost approach, income approach, sales comparison approach, or a combination of the preceding valuation techniques. The key inputs used to determine the fair value of the collateral-dependent loans and OREO include selling costs, discounted cash flow rate or capitalization rate, and adjustment to comparables. Valuations and significant inputs obtained by independent sources are reviewed by the Company for accuracy and reasonableness. The Company also considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. The appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) are reviewed at least quarterly and more frequently based on current market conditions, including deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition and when property values may be subject to significant volatility. After review and acceptance of the collateral appraisal or evaluation (new or updated), adjustments to the impaired loan or OREO may occur. The Company generally obtains appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) annually.

The following tables disclose the fair value measurement of assets with a recorded change during the period resulting from re-measuring the assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis:



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value March 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other real estate owned	$	204	—	—	204
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL	8		—	—	8
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	212	—	—	212



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other real estate owned	$	1,011	—	—	1,011
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL	6,985		—	—	6,985
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	7,996	—	—	7,996

Non-recurring Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:



	Fair Value March 31, 2019		Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value March 31, 2019		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted-Average) ¹
Other real estate owned	$	204	Sales comparison approach	Selling costs	8.0% - 15.0% (10.6%)
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL	$	8	Sales comparison approach	Selling costs	10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)



	Fair Value December 31, 2018		Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value December 31, 2018		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted-Average) ¹
Other real estate owned	$	1,011	Sales comparison approach	Selling costs	8.0% - 15.0% (9.2%)
Collateral-dependent impaired loans, net of ALLL	$	2,384	Sales comparison approach	Selling costs	8.0% - 20.0% (9.9%)
	4,601		Combined approach	Selling costs	10.0% - 10.0% (10.0%)
	$	6,985

______________________________

¹ The range for selling cost inputs represents reductions to the fair value of the assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables present the carrying amounts, estimated fair values and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value. Receivables and payables due in one year or less, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and deposits with no defined or contractual maturities are excluded.



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount March 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	202,527	202,527	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	255,572		—	261,408	—
Loans receivable, net of ALLL	8,196,284		—	—	8,148,954
Total financial assets	$	8,654,383	202,527	261,408	8,148,954
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	1,089,684	—	1,089,785	—
FHLB advances	154,683		—	154,915	—
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	504,358		—	504,358	—
Subordinated debentures	134,048		—	121,369	—
Total financial liabilities	$	1,882,773	—	1,870,427	—



			Fair Value Measurements At the End of the Reporting Period Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	203,790	203,790	—	—
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	297,915		—	288,256	—
Loans receivable, net of ALLL	8,156,310		—	—	8,079,112
Total financial assets	$	8,658,015	203,790	288,256	8,079,112
Financial liabilities
Term deposits	$	1,070,208	—	1,069,777	—
FHLB advances	440,175		—	439,615	—
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	410,859		—	410,859	—
Subordinated debentures	134,051		—	120,302	—
Total financial liabilities	$	2,055,293	—	2,040,553	—

Note 13. Subsequent Events

On April 30, 2019, the Company acquired the outstanding common stock of FNB Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The First National Bank of Layton, a community bank based in Layton, Utah. FNB provides banking services to individuals and businesses throughout Utah with locations in Layton, Bountiful, Clearfield and Draper. The branches of FNB, along with the Bank’s branches operating in Utah, will operate as a new division of the Bank under the name “First Community Bank Utah, division of Glacier Bank.” The initial accounting for the FNB acquisition has not been completed because the fair value of financial assets, financial liabilities and goodwill has not yet been determined.

On April 3, 2019, the Company announced the signing of a definitive agreement to acquire Heritage Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Heritage Bank of Nevada, a community bank based in Reno, Nevada (collectively, “Heritage”). Heritage provides banking services to individuals and businesses throughout northern Nevada with locations in Carson City, Gardnerville, Reno and Sparks. As of March 31, 2019, Heritage had total assets of $840,769,000 , gross loans of $589,458,000 and total deposits of $722,955,000 . The acquisition is subject to required regulatory approvals and other customary conditions of closing and is anticipated to take place in the third quarter of 2019. Upon closing of the transaction, the branches of Heritage will operate as a new division of the Bank.


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to provide a more comprehensive review of the Glacier Bancorp, Inc.’s (“Company”) operating results and financial condition than can be obtained from reading the Consolidated Financial Statements alone. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about management’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions that are not historical facts, and other statements identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “should,” “projects,” “seeks,” “estimates” or words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. In addition to the factors set forth in the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, as applicable, in this report and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “ 2018 Annual Report”), the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results:


•	the risks associated with lending and potential adverse changes of the credit quality of loans in the Company’s portfolio;


•	changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Board, which could adversely affect the Company’s net interest income and profitability;


•	changes in the cost and scope of insurance from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and other third parties;


•	legislative or regulatory changes, including increased banking and consumer protection regulation that adversely affect the Company’s business, both generally and as a result of the Company exceeding $10 billion in total consolidated assets;


•	ability to complete pending or prospective future acquisitions;


•	costs or difficulties related to the completion and integration of acquisitions;


•	the goodwill the Company has recorded in connection with acquisitions could become impaired, which may have an adverse impact on earnings and capital;


•	reduced demand for banking products and services;


•	the reputation of banks and the financial services industry could deteriorate, which could adversely affect the Company's ability to obtain (and maintain) customers;


•	competition among financial institutions in the Company's markets may increase significantly;


•	the risks presented by continued public stock market volatility, which could adversely affect the market price of the Company’s common stock and the ability to raise additional capital or grow the Company through acquisitions;


•	the projected business and profitability of an expansion or the opening of a new branch could be lower than expected;


•	consolidation in the financial services industry in the Company’s markets resulting in the creation of larger financial institutions who may have greater resources could change the competitive landscape;


•	dependence on the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the senior management team and the Presidents of Glacier Bank (“Bank”) divisions;


•	material failure, potential interruption or breach in security of the Company’s systems and technological changes which could expose us to new risks (e.g., cybersecurity), fraud or system failures;


•	natural disasters, including fires, floods, earthquakes, and other unexpected events;


•	the Company’s success in managing risks involved in the foregoing; and


•	the effects of any reputational damage to the Company resulting from any of the foregoing.

Please take into account that forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly correct or update any forward-looking statement if it later becomes aware that actual results are likely to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statement.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Financial Highlights



	At or for the Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share and market data)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Operating results
Net income	$	49,132		49,599		38,559
Basic earnings per share	$	0.58		0.59		0.48
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.58		0.59		0.48
Dividends declared per share ¹	$	0.26		0.56		0.23
Market value per share
Closing	$	40.07		39.62		38.38
High	$	45.47		47.67		41.24
Low	$	37.58		36.84		36.72
Selected ratios and other data
Number of common stock shares outstanding	84,588,199			84,521,692		84,511,472
Average outstanding shares - basic	84,549,974			54,921,640		80,808,904
Average outstanding shares - diluted	84,614,248			84,610,018		80,887,135
Return on average assets (annualized)	1.67		%	1.66	%	1.50	%
Return on average equity (annualized)	13.02		%	13.08	%	11.90	%
Efficiency ratio	55.37		%	53.93	%	57.80	%
Dividend payout ratio ¹	44.83		%	94.92	%	47.92	%
Loan to deposit ratio	87.14		%	87.64	%	81.83	%
Number of full time equivalent employees	2,634			2,623		2,545
Number of locations	169			167		166
Number of ATMs	222			222		223

______________________________


¹	Includes a special dividend declared of $0.30 per share for the three months ended December 31, 2018.

The Company reported net income of $49.1 million for the current quarter, an increase of $10.5 million, or 27 percent, from the $38.6 million of net income for the prior year first quarter. Diluted earnings per share for the current quarter was $0.58 per share, an increase of 21 percent from the prior year first quarter diluted earnings per share of $0.48. Included in the current quarter was $214 thousand of acquisition-related expenses.

Financial Condition Analysis

Assets

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets as of the dates indicated:



								$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	202,527		203,790		451,048		(1,263	)	(248,521	)
Debt securities, available-for-sale	2,522,322			2,571,663		2,154,845		(49,341	)	367,477
Debt securities, held-to-maturity	255,572			297,915		634,413		(42,343	)	(378,841	)
Total debt securities	2,777,894			2,869,578		2,789,258		(91,684	)	(11,364	)
Loans receivable
Residential real estate	884,732			887,742		831,021		(3,010	)	53,711
Commercial real estate	4,686,082			4,657,561		4,251,003		28,521		435,079
Other commercial	1,909,452			1,911,171		1,839,293		(1,719	)	70,159
Home equity	562,381			544,688		489,879		17,693		72,502
Other consumer	283,423			286,387		258,834		(2,964	)	24,589
Loans receivable	8,326,070			8,287,549		7,670,030		38,521		656,040
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(129,786		)	(131,239	)	(127,608	)	1,453		(2,178	)
Loans receivable, net	8,196,284			8,156,310		7,542,422		39,974		653,862
Other assets	897,074			885,806		876,050		11,268		21,024
Total assets	$	12,073,779		12,115,484		11,658,778		(41,705	)	415,001

Total debt securities of $2.778 billion at March 31, 2019 decreased $91.7 million, or 3 percent, during the current quarter and decreased $11.4 million, or 41 basis points, from the prior year first quarter. Debt securities represented 23 percent of total assets at March 31, 2019 compared to 24 percent of total assets at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018.

The loan portfolio of $8.326 billion increased $38.5 million, or 2 percent annualized, during the current quarter. The loan category with the largest dollar increase was commercial real estate loans which increased $28.5 million, or 61 basis points. The loan category with the largest percentage increase was home equity loans which increased $17.7 million, or 3 percent. The loan portfolio increased $656 million, or 9 percent, since March 31, 2018, with the largest increase in commercial real estate loans, which increased $435 million, or 10 percent.

Liabilities

The following table summarizes the Company’s liabilities as of the dates indicated:



					$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Mar 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Deposits
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	3,051,119	3,001,178	2,811,469	49,941		239,650
NOW and DDA accounts	2,383,806		2,391,307	2,400,693	(7,501	)	(16,887	)
Savings accounts	1,373,544		1,346,790	1,328,047	26,754		45,497
Money market deposit accounts	1,689,962		1,684,284	1,778,068	5,678		(88,106	)
Certificate accounts	896,731		901,484	955,105	(4,753	)	(58,374	)
Core deposits, total	9,395,162		9,325,043	9,273,382	70,119		121,780
Wholesale deposits	192,953		168,724	145,463	24,229		47,490
Deposits, total	9,588,115		9,493,767	9,418,845	94,348		169,270
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	489,620		396,151	395,794	93,469		93,826
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	154,683		440,175	155,057	(285,492	)	(374	)
Other borrowed funds	14,738		14,708	8,204	30		6,534
Subordinated debentures	134,048		134,051	134,061	(3	)	(13	)
Other liabilities	141,725		120,778	92,793	20,947		48,932
Total liabilities	$	10,522,929	10,599,630	10,204,754	(76,701	)	318,175

Core deposits of $9.395 billion as of March 31, 2019 increased $70.1 million, or 3 percent annualized, from the prior quarter and increased $122 million, or 1 percent, from the prior year first quarter. Non-interest bearing deposits increased $49.9 million, or 2 percent, over the prior quarter and increased $240 million, or 9 percent, over the prior year first quarter.

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances of $155 million at March 31, 2019, decreased $285 million over the prior quarter and was stable over the prior year first quarter. FHLB advances and wholesale deposits will continue to fluctuate to supplement liquidity needs as necessary during the year.

Stockholders’ Equity

The following table summarizes the stockholders’ equity balances as of the dates indicated:



								$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2018	Mar 31, 2018
Common equity	$	1,526,963		1,525,281		1,471,047		1,682	55,916
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	23,887			(9,427	)	(17,023	)	33,314	40,910
Total stockholders’ equity	1,550,850			1,515,854		1,454,024		34,996	96,826
Goodwill and core deposit intangible, net	(337,134		)	(338,828	)	(343,991	)	1,694	6,857
Tangible stockholders’ equity	$	1,213,716		1,177,026		1,110,033		36,690	103,683



Stockholders’ equity to total assets	12.84		%	12.51	%	12.47	%
Tangible stockholders’ equity to total tangible assets	10.34		%	9.99	%	9.81	%
Book value per common share	$	18.33		17.93		17.21		0.40	1.12
Tangible book value per common share	$	14.35		13.93		13.13		0.42	1.22

Tangible stockholders’ equity of $1.214 billion at March 31, 2019 increased $36.7 million compared to the prior quarter which was primarily the result of an increase in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings retention, which was partially offset by a decrease of $25.5 million from the cumulative-effect adjustments related to the adoption of new accounting standards. Tangible stockholders’ equity increased $104 million over the prior year first quarter which was the result of earnings retention and an increase in other comprehensive income, which was partially offset by the adoption of the accounting standards. Tangible book value per common share at quarter end increased $0.42 per share from the prior quarter and increased $1.22 per share from a year ago. For additional information on the new accounting standards, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Cash Dividends

On March 27, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.26 per share. The dividend was payable April 18, 2019 to shareholders of record on April 9, 2019. The dividend was the 136th consecutive quarterly dividend. Future cash dividends will depend on a variety of factors, including net income, capital, asset quality, general economic conditions and regulatory considerations.

Operating Results for Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Compared to December 31, 2018 , and March 31, 2018

Income Summary

The following table summarizes income for the periods indicated:



	Three Months ended							$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Net interest income
Interest income	$	126,116		125,310		103,066		806		23,050
Interest expense	10,904			9,436		7,774		1,468		3,130
Total net interest income	115,212			115,874		95,292		(662	)	19,920
Non-interest income
Service charges and other fees	18,015			19,708		16,871		(1,693	)	1,144
Miscellaneous loan fees and charges	967			1,278		1,477		(311	)	(510	)
Gain on sale of loans	5,798			5,639		6,097		159		(299	)
Gain (loss) on sale of investments	213			(357	)	(333	)	570		546
Other income	3,481			2,226		1,974		1,255		1,507
Total non-interest income	28,474			28,494		26,086		(20	)	2,388
Total income	$	143,686		144,368		121,378		(682	)	22,308
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)	4.34		%	4.30	%	4.10	%

Net Interest Income

The current quarter net interest income of $115 million was stable compared to the prior quarter and increased $19.9 million, or 21 percent, from the prior year first quarter. The increase in net interest income over the prior year first quarter was primarily driven by interest rate increases and an increase in commercial loans. Interest income on commercial loans increased $1.3 million, or 2 percent, from the prior quarter and increased $18.0 million, or 28 percent, from the prior year first quarter.

The current quarter interest expense of $10.9 million increased $1.5 million, or 16 percent, over the prior quarter which primarily driven by seasonal fluctuations in core deposits, which were supplemented using higher cost borrowings. As deposits increased during the current quarter, FHLB advances were reduced by $285 million to $155 million, the same amount at the end of the prior year first quarter. The current quarter interest expense increased $3.1 million, or 40 percent, from the prior year first quarter and was primarily due to the increased amount of deposits and other funding. The cost of core deposits for the current quarter was 19 basis points compared to 17 basis points for the prior quarter and 15 basis points in the prior year first quarter. The total cost of funding (including non-interest bearing deposits) for the current quarter was 43 basis points compared to 36 basis points for the prior quarter and 35 basis points for the prior year first quarter.

The Company’s net interest margin as a percentage of earning assets, on a tax-equivalent basis, for the current quarter was 4.34 percent compared to 4.30 percent in the prior quarter. The 4 basis points increase in the net interest margin was primarily the result of increased yields on the loan portfolio. The current quarter net interest margin included 2 basis points from the recovery of interest on loans previously placed on non-accrual. The current quarter net interest margin increased 24 basis points over the prior year first quarter net interest margin of 4.10 percent. The increase in the margin from the prior year first quarter resulted from the remix of earning assets to higher yielding loans, increased yields on the loan portfolio which more than offset the increase in funding costs.

Non-interest Income

Non-interest income for the current quarter totaled $28.5 million which was comparable to prior quarter and an increase of $2.4 million, or 9 percent, over the same quarter last year. Service charges and other fees of $18.0 million for the current quarter decreased $1.7 million, or 9 percent, from the prior quarter due to seasonality. Service charges and other fees for the current quarter increased $1.1 million, or 7 percent, from the prior year first quarter which was due to the increased number of accounts from organic growth and acquisitions. Other income increased $1.3 million from the prior quarter and increased $1.5 million over the prior year first quarter.

Non-interest Expense

The following table summarizes non-interest expense for the periods indicated:



	Three Months ended				$ Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Mar 31, 2018	Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Compensation and employee benefits	$	52,728	50,385	45,721	2,343		7,007
Occupancy and equipment	8,437		7,884	7,274	553		1,163
Advertising and promotions	2,388		2,434	2,170	(46	)	218
Data processing	3,892		3,951	3,967	(59	)	(75	)
Other real estate owned	139		264	72	(125	)	67
Regulatory assessments and insurance	1,285		1,263	1,206	22		79
Core deposit intangibles amortization	1,694		1,731	1,056	(37	)	638
Other expenses	12,267		13,964	12,161	(1,697	)	106
Total non-interest expense	$	82,830	81,876	73,627	954		9,203

Total non-interest expense of $82.8 million for the current quarter increased $1.0 million, or 1 percent, over the prior quarter and increased $9.2 million, or 13 percent, over the prior year first quarter. Compensation and employee benefits increased by $2.3 million, or 5 percent, from the prior quarter primarily from annual salary increases and benefit adjustments. Compensation and employee benefits increased by $7.0 million, or 15 percent, from the prior year first quarter principally due to the increased number of employees driven by organic growth and the prior year first quarter acquisitions. Occupancy and equipment expense increased $1.2 million, or 16 percent, over the prior year first quarter as a result of the prior year first quarter acquisitions and general cost increases. Other expenses of $12.3 million, decreased $1.7 million, or 12 percent, from the prior quarter which was driven by decreases in several categories including acquisition-related expenses and expenses connected with equity investments in New Markets Tax Credit (“NMTC”) projects. Other expenses increased $106 thousand, or 87 basis points, from the prior year first quarter and included a decrease of $1.6 million in acquisition-related expenses which was offset by a general increase in costs from organic growth and the prior year first quarter acquisitions. Acquisition-related expenses were $214 thousand during the current quarter compared to $520 thousand in the prior quarter and $1.8 million in the prior year first quarter.

Efficiency Ratio

The current quarter efficiency ratio was 55.37 percent, a 144 basis points increase from the prior quarter efficiency ratio of 53.93 percent and was driven by increased operating costs combined with a slight decrease in net interest income. The current quarter efficiency ratio decreased 243 basis points from the prior year first quarter efficiency ratio of 57.80 percent and was driven by the increase in net interest income that more than offset the increased operating costs.

Provision for Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the provision for loan losses, net charge-offs and select ratios relating to the provision for loan losses for the previous eight quarters:



(Dollars in thousands)	Provision for Loan Losses		Net Charge-Offs		Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses as a Percent of Loans		Accruing Loans 30-89 Days Past Due as a Percent of Loans		Non-Performing Assets to Total Sub-sidiary Assets
First quarter 2019	$	57	$	1,510	1.56	%	0.44	%	0.42	%
Fourth quarter 2018	1,246		2,542		1.58	%	0.41	%	0.47	%
Third quarter 2018	3,194		2,223		1.63	%	0.31	%	0.61	%
Second quarter 2018	4,718		762		1.66	%	0.50	%	0.71	%
First quarter 2018	795		2,755		1.66	%	0.59	%	0.64	%
Fourth quarter 2017	2,886		2,894		1.97	%	0.57	%	0.68	%
Third quarter 2017	3,327		3,628		1.99	%	0.45	%	0.67	%
Second quarter 2017	3,013		2,362		2.05	%	0.49	%	0.70	%

Net charge-offs for the current quarter were $1.5 million compared to $2.5 million for the prior quarter and $2.8 million from the same quarter last year. Current quarter provision for loan losses was $57 thousand, compared to $1.2 million in the prior quarter and $795 thousand in the prior year first quarter. Loan portfolio growth, composition, average loan size, credit quality considerations, and other environmental factors will continue to determine the level of the loan loss provision.

The determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL” or “allowance”) and the related provision for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about current environmental factors which affect loan losses, such factors including economic conditions, changes in collateral values, net charge-offs, and other factors discussed below in “Additional Management’s Discussion and Analysis.”

ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Investment Activity

The Company’s investment securities primarily consist of debt securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Non-marketable equity securities consist of capital stock issued by the FHLB of Des Moines and are carried at cost less impairment.

Debt Securities

Debt securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value and debt securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. Unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale debt securities are reflected as an adjustment to other comprehensive income. The Company’s debt securities are summarized below:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Percent		Carrying Amount		Percent		Carrying Amount		Percent
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	21,521	1	%	$	23,649	1	%	$	29,352	1	%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	106,457		4	%	120,208		4	%	109,912		4	%
State and local governments	725,191		26	%	852,250		30	%	643,111		23	%
Corporate bonds	218,548		8	%	290,817		10	%	318,856		11	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	825,048		30	%	792,915		28	%	901,112		32	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	625,557		22	%	491,824		17	%	152,502		6	%
Total available-for-sale	2,522,322		91	%	2,571,663		90	%	2,154,845		77	%
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	255,572		9	%	297,915		10	%	634,413		23	%
Total held-to-maturity	255,572		9	%	297,915		10	%	634,413		23	%
Total debt securities	$	2,777,894	100	%	$	2,869,578	100	%	$	2,789,258	100	%

The Company’s debt securities are primarily comprised of state and local government securities and mortgage-backed securities. State and local government securities are largely exempt from federal income tax and the Company’s federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent is used in calculating the tax-equivalent yields on the tax-exempt securities. Mortgage-backed securities are primarily short, weighted-average life U.S. agency guaranteed residential mortgage pass-through securities. To a lesser extent, mortgage-backed securities also consist of short, weighted-average life U.S. agency guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations and U.S. agency guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities. Combined, the mortgage-backed securities provide the Company with ongoing liquidity as scheduled and pre-paid principal is received on the securities.

State and local government securities carry different risks that are not as prevalent in other security types. The Company evaluates the investment grade quality of its securities in accordance with regulatory guidance. Investment grade securities are those where the issuer has an adequate capacity to meet the financial commitments under the security for the projected life of the investment. An issuer has an adequate capacity to meet financial commitments if the risk of default by the obligor is low and the full and timely payment of principal and interest are expected. In assessing credit risk, the Company may use credit ratings from Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO” entities such as Standard and Poor’s [“S&P”] and Moody’s) as support for the evaluation; however, they are not solely relied upon. There have been no significant differences in the Company’s internal evaluation of the creditworthiness of any issuer when compared with the ratings assigned by the NRSROs.

The following table stratifies the state and local government securities by the associated NRSRO ratings. The highest issued rating was used to categorize the securities in the table for those securities where the NRSRO ratings were not at the same level.



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
S&P: AAA / Moody’s: Aaa	$	229,568	236,943	299,275	296,027
S&P: AA+, AA, AA- / Moody’s: Aa1, Aa2, Aa3	552,595		568,156	643,023	640,736
S&P: A+, A, A- / Moody’s: A1, A2, A3	149,835		157,097	163,041	167,779
S&P: BBB+, BBB, BBB- / Moody’s: Baa1, Baa2, Baa3	4,208		4,397	4,208	4,382
Not rated by either entity	18,388		18,956	31,954	30,532
Below investment grade	1,048		1,050	1,050	1,050
Total	$	955,642	986,599	1,142,551	1,140,506

State and local government securities largely consist of both taxable and tax-exempt general obligation and revenue bonds. The following table stratifies the state and local government securities by the associated security type.



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
General obligation - unlimited	$	567,978	586,276	657,051	658,062
General obligation - limited	147,504		153,660	173,973	177,275
Revenue	223,436		229,074	290,106	283,939
Certificate of participation	11,011		11,805	14,174	14,463
Other	5,713		5,784	7,247	6,767
Total	$	955,642	986,599	1,142,551	1,140,506

The following table outlines the five states in which the Company owns the highest concentrations of state and local government securities.



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value
Washington	$	146,118	151,429	179,691	179,808
Michigan	138,163		143,493	144,378	147,386
Texas	121,418		125,096	157,978	157,706
Montana	99,965		104,751	109,106	111,492
California	42,890		43,788	50,145	48,623
All other states	407,088		418,042	501,253	495,491
Total	$	955,642	986,599	1,142,551	1,140,506

The following table presents the carrying amount and weighted-average yield of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2019 . Weighted-average yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities and are calculated using the interest method which takes into consideration premium amortization, discount accretion and mortgage-backed securities’ prepayment provisions. Weighted-average yields on tax-exempt debt securities exclude the federal income tax benefit.



	One Year or Less				After One through Five Years				After Five through Ten Years				After Ten Years				Mortgage-Backed Securities ¹				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
Available-for-sale
U.S. government and federal agency	$	4	3.29	%	$	2,873	2.90	%	$	8,792	2.65	%	$	9,852	2.65	%	$	—	—	%	$	21,521	2.68	%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	—		—	%	82,447		2.69	%	24,010		3.21	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	106,457		2.81	%
State and local governments	6,031		1.71	%	23,143		2.59	%	249,861		3.45	%	446,156		4.03	%	—		—	%	725,191		3.76	%
Corporate bonds	81,976		2.56	%	136,572		3.53	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	218,548		3.16	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	825,048		2.59	%	825,048		2.59	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	625,557		3.19	%	625,557		3.19	%
Total available- for-sale	88,011		2.50	%	245,035		3.15	%	282,663		3.40	%	456,008		4.00	%	1,450,605		2.85	%	2,522,322		3.13	%
Held-to-maturity
State and local governments	—		—	%	7,061		2.27	%	76,025		2.57	%	172,486		2.83	%	—		—	%	255,572		2.74	%
Total held-to-maturity	—		—	%	7,061		2.27	%	76,025		2.57	%	172,486		2.83	%	—		—	%	255,572		2.74	%
Total debt securities	$	88,011	2.50	%	$	252,096	3.13	%	$	358,688	3.22	%	$	628,494	3.67	%	$	1,450,605	2.85	%	$	2,777,894	3.09	%

______________________________

¹ Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their prepayment speeds.

For additional information on debt securities, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Securities Analysis

Debt securities. In evaluating debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment losses, management assesses whether the Company intends to sell the security or if it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the debt security. In so doing, management considers contractual constraints, liquidity, capital, asset/liability management and securities portfolio objectives. For debt securities with limited or inactive markets, the impact of macroeconomic conditions in the U.S. upon fair value estimates includes higher risk-adjusted discount rates and changes in credit ratings provided by NRSRO. S&P, Moody's and Fitch have all issued stable outlooks of U.S. government long-term debt and have similar credit ratings and outlooks with respect to certain long-term debt instruments issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and other U.S. government agencies linked to the long-term U.S. debt.

The following table separates debt securities with an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2019 into two categories: securities purchased prior to 2019 and those purchased during 2019 . Of those securities purchased prior to 2019 , the fair market value and unrealized gain or loss at December 31, 2018 is also presented.



	March 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Unrealized Loss as a Percent of Fair Value		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Unrealized Loss as a Percent of Fair Value
Temporarily impaired securities purchased prior to 2019
U.S. government and federal agency	$	16,118	$	(186	)	(1	)%	$	17,330	$	(122	)	(1	)%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	4,961		(1		)	—	%	4,918		(40		)	(1	)%
State and local governments	43,341		(311		)	(1	)%	42,734		(2,082		)	(5	)%
Corporate bonds	71,723		(239		)	—	%	71,698		(579		)	(1	)%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	469,765		(6,209		)	(1	)%	487,482		(13,411		)	(3	)%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	70,351		(1,085		)	(2	)%	72,273		(1,747		)	(2	)%
Total	$	676,259	$	(8,031	)	(1	)%	$	696,435	$	(17,981	)	(3	)%
Temporarily impaired securities purchased during 2019
State and local governments	$	1,702	$	—		—	%
Total	$	1,702	$	—		—	%
Temporarily impaired securities
U.S. government and federal agency	$	16,118	$	(186	)	(1	)%
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	4,961		(1		)	—	%
State and local governments	45,043		(311		)	(1	)%
Corporate bonds	71,723		(239		)	—	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	469,765		(6,209		)	(1	)%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	70,351		(1,085		)	(2	)%
Total	$	677,961	$	(8,031	)	(1	)%

With respect to severity, the following table provides the number of debt securities and amount of unrealized loss in the identified ranges of unrealized loss as a percent of book value at March 31, 2019 :



(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Debt Securities	Unrealized Loss
5.1% to 10.0%	3	$	(384	)
0.1% to 5.0%	302	(7,647		)
Total	305	$	(8,031	)

With respect to the valuation history of the impaired debt securities, the Company identified 255 securities which have been continuously impaired for the twelve months ending March 31, 2019 . The valuation history of such securities in the prior year(s) was also reviewed to determine the number of months in the prior year(s) in which the identified securities were in an unrealized loss position.

The following table provides details of the 255 debt securities which have been continuously impaired for the twelve months ended March 31, 2019 , including the most notable loss for any one bond in each category.



(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Debt Securities	Unrealized Loss for 12 Months Or More			Most Notable Loss
U.S. government and federal agency	14	$	(115	)	$	(22	)
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	2	(1		)	(1		)
State and local governments	64	(307		)	(33		)
Corporate bonds	22	(202		)	(80		)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	134	(6,123		)	(374		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	19	(831		)	(204		)
Total	255	$	(7,579	)

Based on the Company's analysis of its impaired debt securities as of March 31, 2019 , the Company determined that none of such securities had other-than-temporary impairment and the unrealized losses were primarily the result of interest rate changes and market spreads subsequent to acquisition. A substantial portion of the debt securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2019 were issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and other agencies of the U.S. government or have credit ratings issued by one or more of the NRSRO entities in the four highest credit rating categories. All of the Company's impaired debt securities at March 31, 2019 have been determined by the Company to be investment grade.

Equity securities. Non-marketable equity securities and marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances suggest the carrying value may not be recoverable. Based on the Company’s evaluation of its investments in non-marketable equity securities and marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair values as of March 31, 2019 , the Company determined that none of such securities were impaired.

Lending Activity

The Company focuses its lending activities primarily on the following types of loans: 1) first-mortgage, conventional loans secured by residential properties, particularly single-family; 2) commercial lending, including agriculture and public entities; and 3) installment lending for consumer purposes (e.g., home equity, automobile, etc.). Supplemental information regarding the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality based on regulatory classification is provided in the section captioned “Loans by Regulatory Classification” included in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The regulatory classification of loans is based primarily on the type of collateral for the loans. Loan information included in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based on the Company’s loan segments and classes, which are based on the purpose of the loan, unless otherwise noted as a regulatory classification. The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:



	March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018					March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent		Amount			Percent
Residential real estate loans	$	884,732		11	%	$	887,742		11	%	$	831,021		11	%
Commercial loans
Real estate	4,686,082			57	%	4,657,561			57	%	4,251,003			56	%
Other commercial	1,909,452			23	%	1,911,171			23	%	1,839,293			24	%
Total	6,595,534			80	%	6,568,732			80	%	6,090,296			80	%
Consumer and other loans
Home equity	562,381			7	%	544,688			7	%	489,879			7	%
Other consumer	283,423			4	%	286,387			4	%	258,834			4	%
Total	845,804			11	%	831,075			11	%	748,713			11	%
Loans receivable	8,326,070			102	%	8,287,549			102	%	7,670,030			102	%
ALLL	(129,786		)	(2	)%	(131,239		)	(2	)%	(127,608		)	(2	)%
Loans receivable, net	$	8,196,284		100	%	$	8,156,310		100	%	$	7,542,422		100	%

Non-performing Assets

The following table summarizes information regarding non-performing assets at the dates indicated:



	At or for the Three Months ended			At or for the Year ended		At or for the Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Other real estate owned	$	8,125		7,480		14,132
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due
Residential real estate	998			788		430
Commercial	1,232			492		4,701
Consumer and other	221			738		271
Total	2,451			2,018		5,402
Non-accrual loans
Residential real estate	6,219			8,021		7,188
Commercial	30,862			35,883		43,853
Consumer and other	3,188			3,348		3,408
Total	40,269			47,252		54,449
Total non-performing assets	$	50,845		56,750		73,983
Non-performing assets as a percentage of subsidiary assets	0.42		%	0.47	%	0.64	%
ALLL as a percentage of non-performing loans	304		%	266	%	213	%
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due	$	36,894		33,567		44,963
Accruing troubled debt restructurings	$	24,468		25,833		41,649
Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings	$	6,747		10,660		13,289
U.S. government guarantees included in non-performing assets	$	2,649		4,811		4,548
Interest income ¹	$	512		2,340		646

______________________________


¹	Amounts represent estimated interest income that would have been recognized on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis as of the end of each period had such loans performed pursuant to contractual terms.

The current quarter had continued improvement in non-performing assets which ended the current quarter at $50.8 million, which was a decrease of $5.9 million, or 10 percent, from the prior quarter and a decrease of $23.1 million, or 31 percent, from the prior year first quarter. Non-performing assets as a percentage of subsidiary assets at March 31, 2019 was 0.42 percent, a decrease of 5 basis points from the prior quarter, and a decrease of 22 basis points from the prior year first quarter. Early stage delinquencies (accruing loans 30-89 days past due) of $36.9 million at March 31, 2019 increased $3.3 million from prior quarter and decreased $8.1 million from prior year first quarter. Early stage delinquencies as a percentage of loans at March 31, 2019 was 0.44 percent, which was a an increase of 3 basis points from prior quarter and was a decrease of 15 basis points from prior year first quarter.

Most of the Company’s non-performing assets are secured by real estate, and based on the most current information available to management, including updated appraisals or evaluations (new or updated), the Company believes the value of the underlying real estate collateral is adequate to minimize significant charge-offs or losses to the Company. The Company evaluates the level of its non-performing loans, the values of the underlying real estate and other collateral, and related trends in internal and external environmental factors and net charge-offs in determining the adequacy of the ALLL. Through pro-active credit administration, the Company works closely with its borrowers to seek favorable resolution to the extent possible, thereby attempting to minimize net charge-offs or losses to the Company. With very limited exceptions, the Company does not disburse additional funds on non-performing loans. Instead, the Company proceeds to collection and foreclosure actions in order to reduce the Company’s exposure to loss on such loans.

For additional information on accounting policies relating to non-performing assets and impaired loans, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Impaired Loans

Loans are designated impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement and therefore, the Company has serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to fulfill the contractual obligation. Impaired loans include non-performing loans (i.e., non-accrual loans and accruing loans ninety days or more past due) and accruing loans under ninety days past due where it is probable payments will not be received according to the loan agreement (e.g., troubled debt restructuring). Impaired loans totaled $104 million and $109 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The ALLL includes specific valuation allowances of $702 thousand and $3.2 million of impaired loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.

Restructured Loans

A restructured loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. Each restructured debt is separately negotiated with the borrower and includes terms and conditions that reflect the borrower’s prospective ability to service the debt as modified. The Company discourages the use of the multiple loan strategy when restructuring loans regardless of whether or not the loans are designated as TDRs. The Company’s TDR loans of $31.2 million and $36.5 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, are considered impaired loans.

Other Real Estate Owned

The book value of loans prior to the acquisition of collateral and transfer of the loans into other real estate owned (“OREO”) during 2019 was $1.9 million . The fair value of the loan collateral acquired in foreclosure during 2019 was $1.4 million . The following table sets forth the changes in OREO for the periods indicated:



	At or for the Three Months ended			At or for the Year ended		At or for the Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	7,480		14,269		14,269
Acquisitions	—			187		187
Additions	1,437			4,924		378
Capital improvements	—			21		—
Write-downs	(56		)	(2,727	)	(13	)
Sales	(736		)	(9,194	)	(689	)
Balance at end of period	$	8,125		7,480		14,132

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Determining the adequacy of the ALLL involves a high degree of judgment and is inevitably imprecise as the risk of loss is difficult to quantify. The ALLL methodology is designed to reasonably estimate the probable loan and lease losses within the Company’s loan portfolio. Accordingly, the ALLL is maintained within a range of estimated losses. The determination of the ALLL, including the provision for loan losses and net charge-offs, is a critical accounting estimate that involves management’s judgments about all known relevant internal and external environmental factors that affect loan losses, including the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio, economic conditions nationally and in the local markets in which the Company operates, trends and changes in collateral values, delinquencies, non-performing assets, net charge-offs and credit-related policies and personnel. Although the Company continues to actively monitor economic trends, soft economic conditions combined with potential declines in the values of real estate that collateralize most of the Company’s loan portfolio may adversely affect the credit risk and potential for loss to the Company.

The ALLL evaluation is well documented and approved by the Company’s Board. In addition, the policy and procedures for determining the balance of the ALLL are reviewed annually by the Company’s Board, the internal audit department, independent credit reviewers and state and federal bank regulatory agencies.

At the end of each quarter, the Company analyzes its loan portfolio and maintains an ALLL at a level that is appropriate and determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The allowance consists of a specific valuation allowance component and a general valuation allowance component. The specific valuation allowance component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired. A specific valuation allowance is established when the fair value of a collateral-dependent loan or the present value of the loan’s expected future cash flows (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate) is lower than the carrying value of the impaired loan. The general valuation allowance component relates to probable credit losses inherent in the balance of the loan portfolio based on historical loss experience, adjusted for changes in trends and conditions of qualitative or environmental factors.

The Bank divisions’ credit administration reviews their respective loan portfolios to determine which loans are impaired and estimates the specific valuation allowance. The impaired loans and related specific valuation allowance are then provided to the Company’s credit administration for further review and approval. The Company’s credit administration also determines the estimated general valuation allowance and reviews and approves the overall ALLL. The credit administration of the Company exercises significant judgment when evaluating the effect of applicable qualitative or environmental factors on the Company’s historical loss experience for loans not identified as impaired. Quantification of the impact upon the Company’s ALLL is inherently subjective as data for any factor may not be directly applicable, consistently relevant, or reasonably available for management to determine the precise impact of a factor on the collectability of the Company’s loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of each evaluation date. The Company’s credit administration documents its conclusions and rationale for changes that occur in each applicable factor’s weight (i.e., measurement) and ensures that such changes are directionally consistent based on the underlying current trends and conditions for the factor. To have directional consistency, the provision for loan losses and credit quality should generally move in the same direction.

The Company’s model includes fourteen bank divisions with separate management teams providing substantial local oversight to the lending and credit management function. The Company’s business model affords multiple reviews of larger loans before credit is extended, a significant benefit in mitigating and managing the Company’s credit risk. The geographic dispersion of the market areas in which the Company operates further mitigates the risk of credit loss. While this process is intended to limit credit exposure, there can be no assurance that further problem credits will not arise and additional loan losses incurred.

The primary responsibility for credit risk assessment and identification of problem loans rests with the loan officer of the account. This continuous process of identifying impaired loans is necessary to support management’s evaluation of the ALLL adequacy. An independent loan review function verifying credit risk ratings evaluates the loan officer and management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio credit quality.

No assurance can be given that the Company will not, in any particular period, sustain losses that are significant relative to the ALLL amount, or that subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio applying management’s judgment about then current factors, including economic and regulatory developments, will not require significant changes in the ALLL. Under such circumstances, this could result in enhanced provisions for loan losses.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the ALLL as of the dates indicated:



	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018						March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	ALLL		Percent of ALLL in Category		Percent of Loans in Category		ALLL		Percent of ALLL in Category		Percent of Loans in Category		ALLL		Percent of ALLL in Category		Percent of Loans in Category
Residential real estate	$	10,711	8	%	11	%	$	10,631	8	%	11	%	$	10,634	8	%	11	%
Commercial real estate	72,328		56	%	56	%	72,448		55	%	56	%	68,342		54	%	56	%
Other commercial	36,849		28	%	23	%	38,160		29	%	23	%	38,108		30	%	24	%
Home equity	5,880		5	%	7	%	5,811		5	%	7	%	6,040		5	%	6	%
Other consumer	4,018		3	%	3	%	4,189		3	%	3	%	4,484		3	%	3	%
Total	$	129,786	100	%	100	%	$	131,239	100	%	100	%	$	127,608	100	%	100	%

The following table summarizes the ALLL experience for the periods indicated:



	At or for the Three Months ended			At or for the Year ended		At or for the Three Months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	131,239		129,568		129,568
Provision for loan losses	57			9,953		795
Charge-offs
Residential real estate	(292		)	(728	)	(3	)
Commercial loans	(1,123		)	(8,514	)	(2,821	)
Consumer and other loans	(1,926		)	(8,565	)	(2,183	)
Total charge-offs	(3,341		)	(17,807	)	(5,007	)
Recoveries
Residential real estate	94			87		16
Commercial loans	755			5,045		1,211
Consumer and other loans	982			4,393		1,025
Total recoveries	1,831			9,525		2,252
Net charge-offs	(1,510		)	(8,282	)	(2,755	)
Balance at end of period	$	129,786		131,239		127,608
ALLL as a percentage of total loans	1.56		%	1.58	%	1.66	%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of total loans	0.02		%	0.10	%	0.04	%

The ALLL as a percent of total loans outstanding at March 31, 2019 was 1.56 percent, which was a 2 basis points decrease compared to the prior quarter and a decrease of 10 basis points from a year ago with such decreases reflective of the stabilizing credit quality.

The Company’s ALLL of $130 million is considered adequate to absorb probable and incurred losses from any class of its loan portfolio. For the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company believes the ALLL is commensurate with the risk in the Company’s loan portfolio and is directionally consistent with the change in the quality of the Company’s loan portfolio.

When applied to the Company’s historical loss experience, the qualitative or environmental factors result in the provision for loan losses being recorded in the period in which the loss has probably occurred. When the loss is confirmed at a later date, a charge-off is recorded. During 2019 , net charge-offs exceeded the provision for loan losses by $1.5 million . During the same period in 2018 , net charge-offs exceeded the provision for loan losses by $2.0 million .

The Company provides commercial services to individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, community organizations and public entities from 169 locations, including 150 branches, across Montana, Idaho, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Colorado and Arizona. The states in which the Company operates have diverse economies and markets that are tied to commodities (crops, livestock, minerals, oil and natural gas), tourism, real estate and land development and an assortment of industries, both manufacturing and service-related. Thus, the changes in the global, national, and local economies are not uniform across the Company’s geographic locations.

Overall, the economic environment and housing markets throughout the Company’s footprint continue to show positive signs of improvement. Home prices continue to increase in all of the states within the Company’s footprint and all of the seven states continue to remain above the United States average. Five of the top ten states for house price appreciation belong to states in the Company’s footprint. Home ownership in the United States is at 64 percent, which is still approximately 5 percent less than the peak before the most recent financial crisis. The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s composite state coincident indices projects steady growth throughout the Company’s footprint. The fourth quarter of 2018 was the sixth consecutive quarter the United States economy grew at or above 2.0 percent. All states in the Company’s footprint, except Arizona, have unemployment rates below 5 percent, which reflects the Federal Reserve’s definition of full employment. Crude oil prices remain volatile, base metal prices began a downward trend in 2018 and natural gas prices, outside of winter spikes, have remained fairly stable over the last 18 months. Most agriculture commodities within the Company’s footprint remain relatively stable. The tourism industry and related lodging activity continues to be a source of strength for locations where the Company’s markets include national parks and similar recreational areas. In general, the Company sees positive signs in the various economic indices; however, given the significant recession experienced during the late 2000s and the current lack of housing supply within the Company’s footprint, the Company is cautiously optimistic about the housing market. The Company will continue to actively monitor the economy’s impact on its lending portfolio.

In evaluating the need for a specific or general valuation allowance for impaired and unimpaired loans, respectively, within the Company’s construction loan portfolio (i.e., regulatory classification), including residential construction and land, lot and other construction loans, the credit risk related to such loans was considered in the ongoing monitoring of such loans, including assessments based on current information, including appraisals or evaluations (new or updated) of the underlying collateral, expected cash flows and the timing thereof, as well as the estimated cost to sell when such costs are expected to reduce the cash flows available to repay or otherwise satisfy the construction loan. Construction loans were 13 percent and 14 percent of the Company’s total loan portfolio and accounted for 24 percent and 21 percent of the Company’s non-accrual loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Collateral securing construction loans includes residential buildings (e.g., single/multi-family and condominiums), commercial buildings, and associated land (e.g., multi-acre parcels and individual lots, with and without shorelines).

The Company’s ALLL consisted of the following components as of the dates indicated:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018	March 31, 2018
Specific valuation allowance	$	702	3,223	4,468
General valuation allowance	129,084		128,016	123,140
Total ALLL	$	129,786	131,239	127,608

During 2019 , the ALLL decreased by $1.5 million , the net result of a $2.5 million decrease in the specific valuation allowance and a $1.1 million increase in the general valuation allowance. The specific valuation allowance decreased as the result of a $3.1 million decrease in loans individually evaluated for impairment with a specific impairment. The increase in the general valuation allowance since the prior year end was a result of an increase of $42.9 million in loans collectively evaluated for impairment. The reduction in the specific valuation allowance reflects the reduction in non-performing loans.

For additional information regarding the ALLL, its relation to the provision for loan losses and risk related to asset quality, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Loans by Regulatory Classification

Supplemental information regarding identification of the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality based on regulatory classification is provided in the following tables. The regulatory classification of loans is based primarily on the type of collateral for the loans. There may be differences when compared to loan tables and loan amounts appearing elsewhere which reflect the Company’s internal loan segments and classes which are based on the purpose of the loan.

The following table summarizes the Company’s loan portfolio by regulatory classification:



	Loans Receivable, by Loan Type									% Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018			Mar 31, 2018			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Custom and owner occupied construction	$	126,820		$	126,595		$	140,440		—	%	(10	)%
Pre-sold and spec construction	135,137			121,938			100,376			11	%	35	%
Total residential construction	261,957			248,533			240,816			5	%	9	%
Land development	126,417			137,814			76,528			(8	)%	65	%
Consumer land or lots	125,818			127,775			119,469			(2	)%	5	%
Unimproved land	75,113			83,579			68,862			(10	)%	9	%
Developed lots for operative builders	16,171			17,061			13,093			(5	)%	24	%
Commercial lots	35,511			34,096			43,232			4	%	(18	)%
Other construction	454,965			520,005			420,632			(13	)%	8	%
Total land, lot, and other construction	833,995			920,330			741,816			(9	)%	12	%
Owner occupied	1,367,530			1,343,563			1,292,206			2	%	6	%
Non-owner occupied	1,662,390			1,605,960			1,449,166			4	%	15	%
Total commercial real estate	3,029,920			2,949,523			2,741,372			3	%	11	%
Commercial and industrial	922,124			907,340			865,574			2	%	7	%
Agriculture	641,146			646,822			620,342			(1	)%	3	%
1st lien	1,102,920			1,108,227			1,014,361			—	%	9	%
Junior lien	54,964			56,689			66,288			(3	)%	(17	)%
Total 1-4 family	1,157,884			1,164,916			1,080,649			(1	)%	7	%
Multifamily residential	268,156			247,457			219,310			8	%	22	%
Home equity lines of credit	557,895			539,938			481,204			3	%	16	%
Other consumer	163,568			165,865			162,171			(1	)%	1	%
Total consumer	721,463			705,803			643,375			2	%	12	%
States and political subdivisions	398,848			404,671			421,252			(1	)%	(5	)%
Other	119,966			125,310			132,582			(4	)%	(10	)%
Total loans receivable, including loans held for sale	8,355,459			8,320,705			7,707,088			—	%	8	%
Less loans held for sale ¹	(29,389		)	(33,156		)	(37,058		)	(11	)%	(21	)%
Total loans receivable	$	8,326,070		$	8,287,549		$	7,670,030		—	%	9	%

______________________________

¹ Loans held for sale are primarily 1st lien 1-4 family loans.

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-performing assets by regulatory classification:



	Non-performing Assets, by Loan Type				Non- Accrual Loans	Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due	OREO
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018	Mar 31, 2018	Mar 31, 2019	Mar 31, 2019	Mar 31, 2019
Custom and owner occupied construction	$	—	—	48	—	—	—
Pre-sold and spec construction	456		463	492	456	—	—
Total residential construction	456		463	540	456	—	—
Land development	2,272		2,166	7,802	713	—	1,559
Consumer land or lots	1,126		1,428	1,622	635	—	491
Unimproved land	9,222		9,338	10,294	7,648	42	1,532
Developed lots for operative builders	67		68	83	42	—	25
Commercial lots	663		1,046	1,312	—	—	663
Other construction	111		120	319	—	—	111
Total land, lot and other construction	13,461		14,166	21,432	9,038	42	4,381
Owner occupied	7,229		5,940	12,594	5,953	42	1,234
Non-owner occupied	7,368		10,567	5,346	7,368	—	—
Total commercial real estate	14,597		16,507	17,940	13,321	42	1,234
Commercial and industrial	3,893		3,914	6,313	3,602	57	234
Agriculture	4,488		7,040	10,476	3,397	941	150
1st lien	10,279		10,290	8,717	7,198	1,193	1,888
Junior lien	582		565	4,271	512	70	—
Total 1-4 family	10,861		10,855	12,988	7,710	1,263	1,888
Multifamily residential	—		—	652	—	—	—
Home equity lines of credit	2,288		2,770	3,312	2,100	—	188
Other consumer	453		456	330	330	73	50
Total consumer	2,741		3,226	3,642	2,430	73	238
Other	348		579	—	315	33	—
Total	$	50,845	56,750	73,983	40,269	2,451	8,125

The following table summarizes the Company’s accruing loans 30-89 days past due by regulatory classification:



	Accruing 30-89 Days Delinquent Loans, by Loan Type						% Change from
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018		Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
Custom and owner occupied construction	$	282	$	1,661	$	611	(83	)%	(54	)%
Pre-sold and spec construction	553		887		267		(38	)%	107	%
Total residential construction	835		2,548		878		(67	)%	(5	)%
Land development	—		228		585		(100	)%	(100	)%
Consumer land or lots	510		200		485		155	%	5	%
Unimproved land	685		579		889		18	%	(23	)%
Developed lots for operative builders	4		122		464		(97	)%	(99	)%
Commercial lots	331		203		194		63	%	71	%
Other construction	1,234		4,170		76		(70	)%	1,524	%
Total land, lot and other construction	2,764		5,502		2,693		(50	)%	3	%
Owner occupied	4,463		2,981		13,904		50	%	(68	)%
Non-owner occupied	6,604		1,245		3,842		430	%	72	%
Total commercial real estate	11,067		4,226		17,746		162	%	(38	)%
Commercial and industrial	4,070		3,374		5,746		21	%	(29	)%
Agriculture	5,709		6,455		3,845		(12	)%	48	%
1st lien	7,179		5,384		9,597		33	%	(25	)%
Junior lien	583		118		240		394	%	143	%
Total 1-4 family	7,762		5,502		9,837		41	%	(21	)%
Home equity lines of credit	2,925		3,562		2,316		(18	)%	26	%
Other consumer	1,357		1,650		1,849		(18	)%	(27	)%
Total consumer	4,282		5,212		4,165		(18	)%	3	%
States and political subdivisions	—		229		—		(100	)%	n/m
Other	405		519		53		(22	)%	664	%
Total	$	36,894	$	33,567	$	44,963	10	%	(18	)%

______________________________

n/m - not measurable

The following table summarizes the Company’s charge-offs and recoveries by regulatory classification:



	Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries), Year-to-Date Period Ending, By Loan Type							Charge-Offs	Recoveries
(Dollars in thousands)	Mar 31, 2019			Dec 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2018		Mar 31, 2019	Mar 31, 2019
Pre-sold and spec construction	$	(4	)	(352	)	(339	)	—	4
Land development	23			(116	)	(5	)	42	19
Consumer land or lots	(20		)	(146	)	(3	)	15	35
Unimproved land	(9		)	(445	)	(73	)	—	9
Developed lots for operative builders	—			33		—		—	—
Commercial lots	(2		)	1		(2	)	—	2
Other construction	—			(19	)	—		9	9
Total land, lot and other construction	(8		)	(692	)	(83	)	66	74
Owner occupied	75			1,320		962		118	43
Non-owner occupied	30			853		(47	)	130	100
Total commercial real estate	105			2,173		915		248	143
Commercial and industrial	(4		)	2,449		1,430		244	248
Agriculture	14			16		(2	)	17	3
1st lien	198			577		(65	)	298	100
Junior lien	(52		)	(371	)	(29	)	—	52
Total 1-4 family	146			206		(94	)	298	152
Multifamily residential	—			(649	)	(6	)	—	—
Home equity lines of credit	(5		)	(97	)	(32	)	7	12
Other consumer	223			261		73		305	82
Total consumer	218			164		41		312	94
Other	1,043			4,967		893		2,156	1,113
Total	$	1,510		8,282		2,755		3,341	1,831

Sources of Funds

The Company’s deposits have traditionally been the principal source of funds for use in lending and other business purposes. The Company also obtains funds from repayment of loans and debt securities, securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), wholesale deposits, advances from FHLB and other borrowings. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while interest bearing deposit inflows and outflows are significantly influenced by general interest rate levels and market conditions. Borrowings and advances may be used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in normal sources of funds such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels. Borrowings also may be used on a long-term basis to support expanded activities, match maturities of longer-term assets or manage interest rate risk.

Deposits

The Company has several deposit programs designed to attract both short-term and long-term deposits from the general public by providing a wide selection of accounts and rates. These programs include non-interest bearing deposit accounts and interest bearing deposit accounts such as NOW, DDA, savings, money market deposits, fixed rate certificates of deposit with maturities ranging from three months to five years, negotiated-rate jumbo certificates, and individual retirement accounts. These deposits are obtained primarily from individual and business residents in the Bank’s geographic market areas. Wholesale deposits are obtained through various programs and include brokered deposits classified as NOW, DDA, money market deposit and certificate accounts. The Company’s deposits are summarized below:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	3,051,119	32	%	$	3,001,178	32	%	$	2,811,469	30	%
NOW and DDA accounts	2,383,806		25	%	2,391,307		25	%	2,400,693		25	%
Savings accounts	1,373,544		14	%	1,346,790		14	%	1,328,047		14	%
Money market deposit accounts	1,689,962		18	%	1,684,284		18	%	1,778,068		19	%
Certificate accounts	896,731		9	%	901,484		9	%	955,105		10	%
Wholesale deposits	192,953		2	%	168,724		2	%	145,463		2	%
Total interest bearing deposits	6,536,996		68	%	6,492,589		68	%	6,607,376		70	%
Total deposits	$	9,588,115	100	%	$	9,493,767	100	%	$	9,418,845	100	%

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings

The Company borrows money through repurchase agreements. This process involves the selling of one or more of the securities in the Company’s investment portfolio and simultaneously entering into an agreement to repurchase the same securities at an agreed upon later date, typically overnight. A rate of interest is paid for the agreed period of time. The Bank enters into repurchase agreements with local municipalities, and certain customers, and has adopted procedures designed to ensure proper transfer of title and safekeeping of the underlying securities. In addition to retail repurchase agreements, the Company periodically enters into wholesale repurchase agreements as additional funding sources. The Company has not entered into reverse repurchase agreements.

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which is one of eleven banks that comprise the FHLB system. The Bank is required to maintain a certain level of activity-based stock in order to borrow or to engage in other transactions with the FHLB of Des Moines. Additionally, the Bank is subject to a membership capital stock requirement that is based upon an annual calibration tied to the total assets of the Bank. The borrowings are collateralized by eligible categories of loans and debt securities (principally, securities which are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government and its agencies), provided certain standards related to credit-worthiness have been met. Advances are made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rates and range of maturities. The Bank’s maximum amount of FHLB advances is limited to the lesser of a fixed percentage of the Bank’s total assets or the discounted value of eligible collateral. FHLB advances fluctuate to meet seasonal and other withdrawals of deposits and to expand lending or investment opportunities of the Company.

Additionally, the Company has other sources of secured and unsecured borrowing lines from various sources that may be used from time to time.

Short-term borrowings

A critical component of the Company’s liquidity and capital resources is access to short-term borrowings to fund its operations. Short-term borrowings are accompanied by increased risks managed by the Bank’s Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”) such as rate increases or unfavorable change in terms which would make it more costly to obtain future short-term borrowings. The Company’s short-term borrowing sources include FHLB advances, federal funds purchased and retail and wholesale repurchase agreements. The Company also has access to the short-term discount window borrowing programs (i.e., primary credit) of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). FHLB advances and certain other short-term borrowings may be renewed as long-term borrowings to decrease certain risks such as liquidity or interest rate risk; however, the reduction in risks are weighed against the increased cost of funds and other risks.

The following table provides information relating to significant short-term borrowings, which consists of borrowings that mature within one year of period end:



	At or for the Three Months ended			At or for the Year ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Repurchase agreements
Amount outstanding at end of period	$	489,620		396,151
Weighted interest rate on outstanding amount	0.80		%	0.87	%
Maximum outstanding at any month-end	$	489,620		408,754
Average balance	$	407,556		383,791
Weighted-average interest rate	0.80		%	0.59	%

Subordinated Debentures

In addition to funds obtained in the ordinary course of business, the Company formed or acquired financing subsidiaries for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities that entitle the investor to receive cumulative cash distributions thereon. Subordinated debentures were issued in conjunction with the trust preferred securities and the terms of the subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities are the same. For regulatory capital purposes, the trust preferred securities are included in Tier 1 capital up to a certain limit. The Company also has subordinated debt that qualifies as Tier 2 capital. The subordinated debentures outstanding as of March 31, 2019 were $134 million , including fair value adjustments from acquisitions.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, there may be various outstanding commitments to obtain funding and to extend credit, such as letters of credit and un-advanced loan commitments, which are not reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions.

Off-balance sheet arrangements also include any obligation related to a variable interest held in an unconsolidated entity. The Company does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions. For additional information regarding the Company’s interests in unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIE”), see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the possibility that the Company will not be able to fund present and future obligations as they come due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding at a reasonable cost. The objective of liquidity management is to maintain cash flows adequate to meet current and future needs for credit demand, deposit withdrawals, maturing liabilities and corporate operating expenses. Effective liquidity management entails three elements:


1.	assessing on an ongoing basis, the current and expected future needs for funds, and ensuring that sufficient funds or access to funds exist to meet those needs at the appropriate time;


2.	providing for an adequate cushion of liquidity to meet unanticipated cash flow needs that may arise from potential adverse circumstances ranging from high probability/low severity events to low probability/high severity; and


3.	balancing the benefits between providing for adequate liquidity to mitigate potential adverse events and the cost of that liquidity.

The Company has a wide range of versatility in managing the liquidity and asset/liability mix. The Bank’s ALCO meets regularly to assess liquidity risk, among other matters. The Company monitors liquidity and contingency funding alternatives through management reports of liquid assets (e.g., debt securities), both unencumbered and pledged, as well as borrowing capacity, both secured and unsecured, including off-balance sheet funding sources. The Company evaluates its potential funding needs across alternative scenarios and maintains contingency funding plans consistent with the Company’s access to diversified sources of contingent funding.

The following table identifies certain liquidity sources and capacity available to the Company as of the dates indicated:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
FHLB advances
Borrowing capacity	$	2,221,777		2,103,860
Amount utilized	(158,853		)	(444,749	)
Amount available	$	2,062,924		1,659,111
FRB discount window
Borrowing capacity	$	947,815		875,936
Amount utilized	—			—
Amount available	$	947,815		875,936
Unsecured lines of credit available	$	230,000		230,000
Unencumbered debt securities
U.S. government and federal agency	$	21,521		23,649
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	81,531			108,952
State and local governments	530,997			618,613
Corporate bonds	218,548			290,817
Residential mortgage-backed securities	196,543			220,653
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	308,632			273,439
Total unencumbered debt securities	$	1,357,772		1,536,123

Capital Resources

Maintaining capital strength continues to be a long-term objective of the Company. Abundant capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard the funds of depositors. Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. The Company has the capacity to issue 117,187,500 shares of common stock of which 84,588,199 have been issued as of March 31, 2019 . The Company also has the capacity to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock of which none have been issued as of March 31, 2019 . Conversely, the Company may decide to utilize a portion of its strong capital position, as it has done in the past, to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, depending on market price and other relevant considerations.

The Federal Reserve has adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company. The federal banking agencies implemented final rules (“Final Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework with a phase-in period beginning on January 1, 2015 and ending on January 1, 2019. The Final Rules implemented certain regulatory amendments based on the recommendation of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and substantially amended the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company. The Final Rules require the Company to hold a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. As of March 31, 2019 , management believes the Company and Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject and there are no conditions or events subsequent to this date that management believes have changed the Company’s or Bank’s risk-based capital category.

The following table illustrates the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios and the Federal Reserve’s capital adequacy guidelines as of March 31, 2019 :



	Total Capital (To Risk-Weighted Assets)		Tier 1 Capital (To Risk-Weighted Assets)		Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk-Weighted Assets)		Leverage Ratio/ Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
Glacier Bank actual regulatory ratios	14.64	%	13.39	%	13.39	%	11.08	%
Minimum capital requirements	8.00	%	6.00	%	4.50	%	4.00	%
Minimum capital requirements plus capital conservation buffer	10.50	%	8.50	%	7.00	%	N/A
Well capitalized requirements	10.00	%	8.00	%	6.50	%	5.00	%

Federal and State Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return using the accrual method of accounting. All required tax returns have been timely filed. Financial institutions are subject to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in the same general manner as other corporations. The federal statutory corporate income tax rate is 21 percent .

Under Montana, Idaho, Utah, Colorado and Arizona law, financial institutions are subject to a corporation income tax, which incorporates or is substantially similar to applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The corporation income tax is imposed on federal taxable income, subject to certain adjustments. State taxes are incurred at the rate of 6.75 percent in Montana, 6.925 percent in Idaho, 4.95 percent in Utah, 4.63 percent in Colorado and 4.9 percent in Arizona. Washington and Wyoming do not impose a corporate income tax.

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $11.7 million and $8.4 million , respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was 19.2 percent and 17.9 percent , respectively. The current and prior year’s low effective income tax rates are due to income from tax-exempt debt securities, municipal loans and leases and benefits from federal income tax credits. Income from tax-exempt debt securities, loans and leases was $12.1 million and $13.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Benefits from federal income tax credits were $2.1 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.

The Company has equity investments in Certified Development Entities (“CDE”) which have received allocations of NMTC. Administered by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (“CDFI Fund”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the NMTC program is aimed at stimulating economic and community development and job creation in low-income communities. The federal income tax credits received are claimed over a seven-year credit allowance period. The Company also has equity investments in Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (“LIHTC”) which are indirect federal subsidies used to finance the development of affordable rental housing for low-income households. The federal income tax credits are claimed over a ten-year credit allowance period. The Company has investments of $20.0 million in Qualified Zone Academy and Qualified School Construction bonds whereby the Company receives quarterly federal income tax credits in lieu of taxable interest income. The federal income tax credits on these debt securities are subject to federal and state income tax.

Following is a list of expected federal income tax credits to be received in the years indicated.



(Dollars in thousands)	New Markets Tax Credits		Low-Income Housing Tax Credits	Debt Securities Tax Credits	Total
2019	$	4,153	6,480	850	11,483
2020	4,475		6,476	813	11,764
2021	4,712		5,659	759	11,130
2022	3,944		5,630	695	10,269
2023	3,348		5,630	663	9,641
Thereafter	1,416		22,145	1,565	25,126
	$	22,048	52,020	5,345	79,413

Average Balance Sheet

The following schedule provides 1) the total dollar amount of interest and dividend income of the Company for earning assets and the average yields; 2) the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest bearing liabilities and the average rates; 3) net interest and dividend income and interest rate spread; and 4) net interest margin (tax-equivalent).



	Three Months ended						Three Months ended
	March 31, 2019						March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest and Dividends		Average Yield/ Rate		Average Balance			Interest and Dividends		Average Yield/ Rate
Assets
Residential real estate loans	$	917,324	$	10,779	4.70	%	$	783,817		$	8,785	4.48	%
Commercial loans ¹	6,524,190		84,613		5.26	%	5,551,619			66,474		4.86	%
Consumer and other loans	839,011		10,447		5.05	%	719,153			8,624		4.86	%
Total loans ²	8,280,525		105,839		5.18	%	7,054,589			83,883		4.82	%
Tax-exempt investment securities ³	960,569		9,950		4.14	%	1,093,736			12,795		4.68	%
Taxable investment securities ⁴	1,845,677		13,729		2.98	%	1,654,318			10,273		2.48	%
Total earning assets	11,086,771		129,518		4.74	%	9,802,643			106,951		4.42	%
Goodwill and intangibles	337,963						219,463
Non-earning assets	520,353						390,857
Total assets	$	11,945,087					$	10,412,963
Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	2,943,770	$	—	—	%	$	2,472,151		$	—	—	%
NOW and DDA accounts	2,320,928		961		0.17	%	2,011,464			818		0.16	%
Savings accounts	1,359,807		234		0.07	%	1,184,807			193		0.07	%
Money market deposit accounts	1,690,305		1,010		0.24	%	1,631,863			719		0.18	%
Certificate accounts	905,005		2,014		0.90	%	876,425			1,319		0.61	%
Total core deposits	9,219,815		4,219		0.19	%	8,176,710			3,049		0.15	%
Wholesale deposits ⁵	169,361		1,122		2.69	%	149,577			867		2.35	%
FHLB advances	352,773		3,055		3.46	%	224,847			2,089		3.72	%
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	556,325		2,508		1.83	%	521,641			1,769		1.38	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	10,298,274		10,904		0.43	%	9,072,775			7,774		0.35	%
Other liabilities	116,143						25,973
Total liabilities	10,414,417						9,098,748
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	846						808
Paid-in capital	1,051,261						906,030
Retained earnings	471,626						420,552
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	6,937						(13,175		)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,530,670						1,314,215
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	11,945,087					$	10,412,963
Net interest income (tax-equivalent)			$	118,614						$	99,177
Net interest spread (tax-equivalent)					4.31	%						4.07	%
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)					4.34	%						4.10	%

______________________________


¹	Includes tax effect of $1.1 million and $959 thousand on tax-exempt municipal loan and lease income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


²	Total loans are gross of the allowance for loan and lease losses, net of unearned income and include loans held for sale. Non-accrual loans were included in the average volume for the entire period.


³	Includes tax effect of $2.0 million and $2.6 million on tax-exempt debt securities income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


⁴	Includes tax effect of $293 thousand and $304 thousand on federal income tax credits for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


⁵	Wholesale deposits include brokered deposits classified as NOW, DDA, money market deposit and certificate accounts.

Rate/Volume Analysis

Net interest income can be evaluated from the perspective of relative dollars of change in each period. Interest income and interest expense, which are the components of net interest income, are shown in the following table on the basis of the amount of any increases (or decreases) attributable to changes in the dollar levels of the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities (“volume”) and the yields earned and paid on such assets and liabilities (“rate”). The change in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rates has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.



	Year ended March 31,
	2019 vs. 2018
	Increase (Decrease) Due to:
(Dollars in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Net
Interest income
Residential real estate loans	$	1,497	497		1,994
Commercial loans (tax-equivalent)	11,645		6,494		18,139
Consumer and other loans	1,438		385		1,823
Investment securities (tax-equivalent)	488		123		611
Total interest income	15,068		7,499		22,567
Interest expense
NOW and DDA accounts	126		17		143
Savings accounts	29		13		42
Money market deposit accounts	26		264		290
Certificate accounts	43		652		695
Wholesale deposits	115		140		255
FHLB advances	1,188		(222	)	966
Repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds	117		622		739
Total interest expense	1,644		1,486		3,130
Net interest income (tax-equivalent)	$	13,424	6,013		19,437

Net interest income (tax-equivalent) increased $19.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 . The interest income for the first three months of 2019 increased over the same period last year primarily from increased loan growth in all categories, with the largest increase in the Company’s commercial loan portfolio. Furthermore, increases in interest rates on existing variable rate loans and new loans also increased the loan interest income. Total interest expense increased from the prior year primarily from increased balances of both FHLB advances and deposits, coupled with interest rate increases in deposits.

Effect of inflation and changing prices

GAAP often requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without consideration for change in relative purchasing power over time due to inflation. Virtually all assets of the Company are monetary in nature; therefore, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a company’s performance than does the effect of inflation.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

The Company’s assessment of market risk as of March 31, 2019 indicates there are no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures from those in the 2018 Annual Report.


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as required by Exchange Act Rules 240.13a-15(b) and 15d-14(c)) as of March 31, 2019 . Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures are effective and timely, providing them with material information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of 2019 , to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims, legal actions and complaints which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the Company’s opinion, all such matters are adequately covered by insurance, are without merit or are of such kind, or involve such amounts, that unfavorable disposition would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company believes there have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in the 2018 Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described in the 2018 Annual Report should be carefully reviewed. These are not the only risks and uncertainties that the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties that the Company does not currently know about or that the Company currently believes are immaterial, or that the Company has not predicted, may also harm its business operations or adversely affect the Company. If any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs, the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results or liquidity could be adversely affected.


Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


(a)	Not Applicable


(b)	Not Applicable


(c)	Not Applicable


Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities


(a)	Not Applicable


(b)	Not Applicable


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable


Item 5.	Other Information


(a)	Not Applicable


(b)	Not Applicable

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit 31.1 -	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002


Exhibit 31.2 -	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002


Exhibit 32 -	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 101 -

The following financial information from Glacier Bancorp, Inc's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 is formatted in XBRL: (i) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	GLACIER BANCORP, INC.

May 2, 2019	/s/ Randall M. Chesler
	Randall M. Chesler
	President and CEO

May 2, 2019	/s/ Ron J. Copher
	Ron J. Copher
	Executive Vice President and CFO