Washington,
D.C. 20549
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant
to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: NONE
As of March 31, 2020, there were 15,915,239
common shares of the registrant outstanding.
If this report is an annual or transition report,
indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
Note – Checking the box above will not
relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their
obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and
large accelerated filer” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
†The term “new or revised financial
accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards
Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting
the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP þ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board o
Other o
If “Other”
has been checked, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 o
Item 18 o
If this is an annual report, indicate by check
mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
This Annual Report
on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference
include, but are not limited to those discussed in the section entitled Risk Factors under Item
3 “Key Information.”
Readers should not
place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s view only as of the date of this Annual Report.
The Company undertakes no obligation to revise these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Readers should also carefully review the risk factors described in other documents the Company files from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Except where the context
otherwise requires and for purposes of this Report only:
The Company prepares
its consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America
and publishes such statements in United States dollars. See “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”
included elsewhere herein. The Company publishes its financial statements in United States dollars. The functional currency of
the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar.
PART
I
Item
1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
Item
2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
Item
3. KEY INFORMATION
The selected financial
data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included at page
F-1 of this Annual Report. The selected Comprehensive Income (loss) Data for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended
March 31, 2020, and the Balance Sheet data as of March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial
Statements included in this Annual Report. The selected Comprehensive Income (loss) Data for the years ended March 31, 2016 and
2017, and the Balance Sheet data as of March 31, 2016 and 2017 are derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements,
which are not included in this Annual Report.
Selected
Financial Data (1)
Consolidated
Statement of
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) Data:
|
|
(in thousands
except per share and statistical data)
Year ended
March 31,
|
|
|
2016
|
|
2017
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Net sales
|
|
$ 44,568
|
|
$ 44,522
|
|
$ 60,667
|
|
$ 66,581
|
|
$65,368
|
Cost of sales
|
|
39,775
|
|
37,073
|
|
50,953
|
|
56,311
|
|
53,504
|
Gross profit
|
|
4,793
|
|
7,449
|
|
9,714
|
|
10,270
|
|
11,864
|
Selling, general
and administrative
expenses
|
|
9,119
|
|
8,856
|
|
8,806
|
|
9,459
|
|
10,026
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
(1,021)
|
|
(696)
|
|
894
|
|
(278)
|
|
(425)
|
Operating (loss) income
|
|
(5,347)
|
|
(2,103)
|
|
1,802
|
|
533
|
|
1,413
|
Non-operating income (loss), net
|
|
571
|
|
3,688
|
|
4,395
|
|
3,884
|
|
(2,360)
|
(Loss) income before income taxes
|
|
(4,776)
|
|
1,585
|
|
6,197
|
|
4,417
|
|
(947)
|
Income taxes
|
|
158
|
|
209
|
|
7
|
|
144
|
|
373
|
(Loss) income
from continuing
operations,
after income taxes
|
|
(4,934)
|
|
1,376
|
|
6,190
|
|
4,273
|
|
(1,320)
|
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Net (loss)
income attributable to
Deswell Industries,
Inc.
|
|
(4,934)
|
|
1,376
|
|
6,190
|
|
4,273
|
|
(1,320)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized
gain (loss) on available-for-sale
securities(2)
|
|
(73)
|
|
(3)
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Reclassification
adjustment in connection with
loss on disposal
of available-for-sale securities
transferred
to profit or loss
|
|
-
|
|
14
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Total comprehensive
(loss) income
attributable
|
|
$ (5,007)
|
|
$ 1,387
|
|
$ 6,190
|
|
$ 4,273
|
|
$(1,320)
|
Net (loss)
income per share attributable to
Deswell Industries,
Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and Diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income
from continuing operations per
share(3)
|
|
$ (0.31)
|
|
$ 0.09
|
|
$ 0.39
|
|
$ 0.27
|
|
$ (0.08)
|
Loss from discontinued
operations per
share(3)
|
|
$ -
|
|
$ -
|
|
$ -
|
|
$ -
|
|
$ -
|
|
|
$ (0.31)
|
|
$ 0.09
|
|
$ 0.39
|
|
$ 0.27
|
|
$ (0.08)
|
Basic weighted
average common
shares outstanding
(shares in thousands)
|
|
16,056
|
|
16,035
|
|
15,885
|
|
15,885
|
|
15,914
|
Diluted weighted
average common
shares outstanding
(shares in thousands)
|
|
16,056
|
|
16,035
|
|
15,985
|
|
16,059
|
|
15,914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statistical Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross margin from continuing operations
|
|
10.8%
|
|
16.7%
|
|
16.0%
|
|
15.4%
|
|
18.1%
|
Operating margin
from continuing
operations
|
|
(12.0%)
|
|
(4.7%)
|
|
3.0%
|
|
0.8%
|
|
2.2%
|
Dividends per share
|
|
$ 0.14
|
|
$ 0.105
|
|
$ 0.07
|
|
$ 0.10
|
|
$0.15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016
|
|
2017
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Working capital(4)
|
|
$ 40,715
|
|
$ 42,196
|
|
$ 50,560
|
|
$ 54,412
|
|
$51,063
|
Total assets
|
|
87,571
|
|
90,987
|
|
100,399
|
|
100,169
|
|
95,379
|
Long-term debt, less current portion
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Total debt
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Shareholders’ equity
|
|
76,808
|
|
76,201
|
|
81,279
|
|
83,964
|
|
80,322
|
|
(1)
|
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America and are stated in U.S. dollars. See “Financial Statements and Currency Presentation.”
|
|
(2)
|
See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included later in this Report regarding
unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
|
|
(3)
|
Basic loss per share excludes dilution from potential common shares and is computed by dividing
loss attributable to Deswell shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted loss
per share reflects the potential dilution from potential common shares.
|
|
(4)
|
Deferred tax liabilities of $825 and $889 as of March 31, 2016 and 2017 have been retrospectively
classified from current liabilities to long-term liabilities. The working capital of those three years are adjusted accordingly.
|
Risk
Factors
We may from time to
time make written or oral forward-looking statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in this document and other
documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, in reports to shareholders, on our website, and
other documents. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 contains a safe harbor for forward-looking statements on
which we rely in making such disclosures. In connection with this “safe harbor,” we are hereby identifying important
factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us
or on our behalf. Any such statement is qualified by reference to the following cautionary statements:
Our business operations
may be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19.
Since the end of 2019,
COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus, has spread in China and globally, and the World Health Organization
declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic in March 2020. Any such outbreak of epidemic illness or other adverse public health developments
in China could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations as our Company’s
principal operations are located in China. Further, this outbreak has impacted the entire world, and has affected the global economy
as well.
The COVID-19 outbreak has
led to governments and other authorities around the world, including China, to impose measures intended to control its spread,
including quarantines, restrictions on travel and public gatherings, and temporary closure of certain businesses and facilities.
While still evolving, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as efforts to contain it, has caused significant economic and financial disruptions
around the world, including disruption on manufacturing operations, logistics and global supply chains and significant volatility
and disruption of financial markets. Although currently in China, many restrictions have been lifted and the level of business
activities are being restored in response to the significant decrease of new reported cases both in China and globally, the above
mentioned conditions may continue and worsen in the near or longer term.
The global spread of COVID-19
has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty and has fueled concerns that it may lead to a global recession and
a significant slowdown in the economic development in many countries including China. A recession has already been declared for
certain countries such as the United States of America. Despite the Chinese government’s efforts in reviving China’s
economy, China’s economy has experienced a significant slowdown since the COVID-19 outbreak, and there remains uncertainty
on how soon economic activity in China will rebound to the level prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The global economy may continue
to deteriorate in the future and have an adverse impact on China’s economy, which may, among other things, exacerbate turbulence
in commodity market, discourage or disrupt investment and production, increase total inventories of products in the industry, affect
prices, and cause other adverse impacts on the industry we are in. An economic downturn including financial market disruption,
or a market perception that this situation may occur or develop, may also cause increase of financing costs, or reduce or even
diminish available sources of financing for operation or expansion.
The extent to which COVID-19
impacts raw material prices in 2020 will depend on the future developments of the outbreak, including new information concerning
the global severity of and actions taken to contain the outbreak, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable. All of these factors
may affect our overall financial performance in 2020, although we cannot quantify the full impact at this time. We cannot foresee
whether the outbreak of COVID-19 will be effectively contained, nor can we predict the severity and duration of its impact and/or
if a vaccine can be developed quickly. If the outbreak of COVID-19 is not effectively and timely controlled, our business operations
and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected as a result of the deteriorating market outlook, the slowdown
in China’s economic growth, weakened liquidity and financial condition of our customers and other factors that we cannot
foresee. Any of these factors, and other factors beyond our control, could have an adverse effect on the overall business environment,
cause uncertainties in the regions where we conduct business, cause our business to
suffer in ways that we cannot predict adversely
impacting our employees and customers, and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To date, our manufacturing
facilities are under normal operations. We have been proactively following antivirus measures from provincial government agencies
to protect the health and safety of our employees and such measures have helped in maintaining our steady production.
We are, and have been, dependent on
a few major customers, the loss of, or substantial reduction in orders from, which would substantially harm our business and operating
results.
Historically,
we have depended, currently depend, and expect to continue to depend, on a small number of customers for a significant percentage
of our net sales. During the year ended March 31, 2020, we had three major customers,
each accounting for more than 10% of our net sales and together for 42.3% of our net sales. If our major customers experience a
decline in the demand for their products as a result of the prevailing economic environment, COVID-19 or other factors, the products
or services that we provide to them could be reduced or even terminated. The loss of any of our major customers or a substantial
reduction in orders from any of them would adversely impact our sales and operating results unless and until we were able to increase
sales from other existing customers or add sales from new customers.
Our sales are based
on purchase orders and we have no long-term contracts with any of our customers and the percentage of sales to any of our customers
has fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in future. We cannot assure you that present or future customers will not cease using
us as the source of the injection-molded plastic parts and components we manufacture, for electronic manufacturing services of
electrical products and subassemblies or significantly change, reduce or delay the amount of products and services ordered from
us.
Uncertainty and adverse changes in
the economy and financial markets have had, and could continue to have, an adverse impact on our business and operating results.
Before the COVID-19
outbreak hit, the world economy was strengthening as lingering fragilities related to the global financial crisis subsided. In
2017, global economic growth reached 3 percent—the highest growth rate since 2011—and growth was expected to remain
steady for the coming year. Global growth is expected to decrease from 3 percent in 2018 to 2.7 percent in 2019 and increase to
2.9 percent in 2020 based on the World Economic Situation and Prospects as of Mid-2019, published by the United Nations on May
21, 2019. However, economic progress has been highly uneven across regions. Despite an improvement in growth prospects at the global
level, we believe that the global economy is facing a confluence of risks, such as an escalation of trade disputes, an abrupt tightening
of global financial conditions, and intensifying climate risks. While economic activity in the commodity exporting countries, notably
fuel exporters, is gradually recovering, growth remains susceptible to volatile commodity prices. Our customers that were affected
by commodity exports, in turn, were more conservative in ordering our products and services. There are continuing concerns over
price instability, geopolitical issues, availability and cost of credit, stability of financial markets and sovereign nations.
Uncertainty or adverse changes in the economy could negatively impact:
|
·
|
the demand for our customers’ products,
|
|
·
|
the amount, timing and stability of their orders to us,
|
|
·
|
the financial strength of our customers and suppliers,
|
|
·
|
our customers’ and suppliers’ ability or willingness to do business with us,
|
|
·
|
our suppliers’ and customers’ ability to fulfill their obligations to us,
|
|
·
|
the ability of our customers, our suppliers or us to obtain credit, secure funds or raise capital,
or
|
|
·
|
the prices at which we can sell our products and services, which, in turn, could adversely affect
|
|
·
|
our ability to manage inventory levels effectively or collect receivables,
|
|
·
|
our cash flow position,
|
|
·
|
our net sales, gross margins and operating results; or
|
|
·
|
otherwise adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
|
Our gross margins fluctuate from year
to year and may be adversely affected by a number of factors.
The following chart
shows, for the years indicated, our gross margins from our two principal operating segments and for our Company as a whole:
Gross
Margins Percentage
We expect gross margins
generally and for specific products to continue to fluctuate from year to year. Fluctuations in our margins have been affected,
often adversely, and may continue to be affected, by numerous factors, including:
|
·
|
our cost of raw materials, especially our cost of electronic components due to changes in the prices,
availability and long lead time of components and parts needed for the manufacturing of electronic products;
|
|
·
|
costs of labor, particularly in recent years, when such costs have increased substantially as a
consequence of increasing governmental regulation directed at labor practices and policies;
|
|
·
|
the appreciation of the exchange rate of the RMB, in which we pay our labor and manufacturing costs,
against the U.S. dollar, in which we present our financial statements;
|
|
·
|
changes in our customer mix or the mix of higher and lower margin products, or a combination of
both in any year;
|
|
·
|
price increases for products which, for competitive reasons, we choose to allow as concessions
in an effort to maintain our customer base;
|
|
·
|
increases in value-added taxes as result of changes in the value-added tax policy of the Chinese
government for various categories of export products; and
|
|
·
|
increased costs to conform our products to consumer and product safety laws and regulations of
the various countries in which our products are sold.
|
If we cannot maintain
stability in our gross margins, our operating results could suffer, dividend payments to shareholders may be decreased or eliminated,
our financial position may be harmed and our stock price may fall.
We believe we were a passive foreign
investment company, or “PFIC,” for our fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 under U.S. income tax laws and may be a PFIC
for years after fiscal 2020. If we were a PFIC in fiscal 2020, or are a PFIC in later years, U.S. investors could suffer adverse
U.S. federal income tax consequences in such years.
The determination of
whether we are a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, in any taxable year is made on an annual basis after the close of
that year and depends on the composition of our income and the nature and value of our assets, including goodwill. Specifically,
we will be classified as a PFIC if, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries,
either (i) 75% or more of our gross income for such taxable year is passive income, or (ii) 50% or more of the value of our assets
(based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during such year) is attributable to assets that either produce passive
income or are held for the production of passive income (the “PFIC asset test”). Cash and cash equivalents, even if
they are part of the working capital of a company, constitute “passive” assets for the purposes of the PFIC asset test.
We believe that we
were a PFIC for our year ended on March 31, 2020 and may also be a PFIC in subsequent tax years. If we are a PFIC for any year
during a U.S. Holder’s holding period of our common shares, then such U.S. Holder generally could be subject to adverse U.S.
tax consequences including the requirement to treat any “excess distribution” received on our common shares, or any
gain realized upon a disposition of such common shares, as ordinary income and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such distributions
or gain.
Because of the complexity
of the issues regarding our classification as a PFIC, U.S. investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for guidance as
to our PFIC status. For further discussion of the adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from the classification
as a PFIC, please see “United States Federal Income Tax – Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC)” in ITEM
10 Additional Information beginning on page 50 of this Report.
The economy of China has been experiencing
significant growth, leading to inflation and increased labor costs. Increases in labor costs of workers in the PRC generally, and
in the Province where our manufacturing facilities are located particularly, have had and can be expected to continue to have a
material and adverse effect on our operating results.
We generate all revenues
from sales of products that we manufacture at our facilities located in Dongguan,
Guangdong Province, in the PRC. The economy in China has grown significantly over the past 20 years, which has resulted in an increased
inflation and the average cost of labor.
China’s
annual inflation rate fell to 2.4 percent in May 2020, the lowest since March 2019 and below market consensus of 2.7 percent, amid
efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the Company’s actual cost of operations has significantly exceeded the
overall inflation rate in China. The rapid growth of China’s economy in the past few years has in general increased the Company’s
operating costs, including energy prices and labor costs. These increased costs have adversely affected the Company’s cost
of operations, caused the Company to increase its prices, and resulted in the loss of some customers.
There is no fixed minimum
wage which is applicable to all of China; local governments in China adopt different amounts based on the situation in their area.
China’s Guangdong Province, where our manufacturing facilities are located, raised minimum wages by approximately 20% in
May 2011 and another 19.1% in March 2013. Effective May 1, 2015, minimum wage levels across Guangdong Province, including Dongguan,
where our manufacturing facilities are located, were increased by an average of 15.3%. Effective July 1, 2018, the Guangdong Provincial
Government increased the Province’s statutory minimum wage by around RMB200 per month. The Provincial Government sets different
tiers of minimum wages according to the developmental status of the Province’s urban clusters. In the City of Dongguan, where
our manufacturing facilities are located, the minimum wage increased by 13.9%.
In
China, regional governments are authorized to set their own minimum wages according to local conditions. Increases in wages also
result in increases in our and other employer’s contributions for various mandatory social welfare benefits for Chinese employees
that are based on percentages of their salaries. Continuing material increases in our cost of labor will continue to increase our
operating costs and will adversely affect our financial results unless we pass on such increases to our customers by increasing
the prices of our products and services. The effect of increases in the prices of our products and services would make our products
more expensive in global markets, such as the United States and the European Union. This could result in the loss of customers,
who may seek, and be able to obtain, products and services comparable to those we offer in lower-cost regions of the world. If
we do not increase our prices to pass on the effect of increases in our labor costs, our margins and financial results would suffer.
Changes
in currency exchange rates have and could continue to influence our financial results significantly.
Our sales are mainly
in United States dollars and Hong Kong dollars and our expenses are mainly in United
States dollars, Hong Kong dollars and Chinese
RMB.
The
Hong Kong dollar has been pegged to the U.S. dollar at approximately 7.80 and is relatively stable. The Hong Kong government may
not continue to maintain the present currency exchange mechanism, which fixes the Hong Kong dollar at approximately 7.80 to each
United States dollar and has not in the past presented a material currency exchange risk. Although announcements by Hong Kong’s
central bank indicate its intention to maintain the currency peg between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, if Hong Kong
does change and follows China to a floating currency system or otherwise changes the exchange rate system of Hong Kong dollars
to U.S. dollars, our margins and financial results could be adversely affected.
Between 1994 and July
2005, the market and official RMB rates were unified and the value of the RMB was essentially pegged to the U.S. dollar and was
relatively stable. On July 21, 2005, the People’s Bank of China adjusted the exchange rate of RMB to the U.S. dollar by linking
the RMB to a basket of currencies and simultaneously setting the exchange rate of RMB to U.S. dollars, from 1:8.27, to a narrow
band of around 1:8.11.
The chart below illustrates
the fluctuations since the July 31, 2005 adjustment of the RMB to the U.S. dollar by showing the exchange ratio at the end of each
of Deswell’s fiscal years from March 31, 2007 to March 31, 2020. Because most of the Company’s labor costs are incurred
in China and therefore paid in RMB, the adverse effect on Deswell’s business and financial results from increasing labor
costs has in previous years been exacerbated by the appreciation in the exchange rate to the U.S. dollar.
_________
|
(1)
|
RMB (yuan) to U.S. dollar data presented in this chart are
the midpoint rates on March 31 of the year indicated as reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at
http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/.
|
The appreciation and
depreciation in the exchange ratio of the RMB to the U.S. dollar increases and decreases, respectively, our costs and expenses
to the extent paid in RMB. Of all of the costs and expenses for the PRC entities, which accounted for 95.0% of the Company total,
about 42.3%, 37.2% and 37.0% were in RMB during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Since
the PRC government enacted reform in its RMB exchange rate regime, the RMB has appreciated against the U.S. dollar since 2007 to
2015, resulting an adverse effect on the Company’s financial results. However, this trend has become unstable since 2015
to 2018. The RMB then has become depreciated again the U.S. dollar since 2018 to early 2020. The Company’s financial results
have been benefited from this depreciation trend. Nonetheless, it is difficult to predict how the situation between the United
States and Chinese government will develop, which in turn affect the exchange rate between the dollar and RMB.
If OEMs stop or reduce their manufacturing
outsourcing, our business could suffer.
Our revenues depend
on outsourcing by OEMs to us and to other contract manufacturers for which we
manufacture end-products or parts and components.
Current and prospective customers continuously evaluate our capabilities against other providers as well as against the merits
of manufacturing products themselves. Our business would be adversely affected if OEMs decide to perform these functions internally.
Similarly, we depend on new outsourcing opportunities to militate against lost revenues arising from the decline in demand for
our customers’ products as a consequence of prevailing global economic conditions, and our business would be adversely affected
if we are not successful in gaining additional business from these opportunities or if OEMs do not outsource additional manufacturing
business.
We could experience credit problems
with our customers, which could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition and could adversely reduce our future
revenues.
We manufacture and
sell injection-molded plastic parts and components and provide manufacturing services for electrical products and subassemblies
to companies and industries that have in the past, and may in the future, experience financial difficulty, particularly in light
of recent conditions in the credit markets and the overall worldwide economy. For information on the concentration of our credit
risk, see Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included later in this Report.
If our customers experience
financial difficulty, we could have problems recovering amounts owed to us from these customers, or demand for our products and
services from these customers could decline. If one or more of our customers, particularly customers to which we have extended
substantial credit and which have become material account debtors on our accounts receivables, were to become insolvent or otherwise
were unable to pay for the products or services provided by us on a timely basis, or at all, our operating results and financial
condition could be adversely affected. Such adverse effects could include one or more of the following:
|
·
|
provision or increased provision for doubtful accounts,
|
|
·
|
a charge for inventory write-offs,
|
|
·
|
a reduction in revenue,
|
|
·
|
increases in working capital requirements.
|
Because material amounts of our funds
are held in banks where only limited protection on deposit accounts is required, the failure of any bank in which we deposit our
funds could result in a loss of those funds to the extent exceeding the amounts protected and could, depending on the amount involved,
affect our ability to continue in business.
At March 31, 2020,
we had cash on hand of $22.5 million and time deposits maturing over three months of $0.8 million, which were invested in interest
bearing investments at banks or other financial institutions. Of that amount, approximately $5.4 million was held in banks and
other financial institutions in Hong Kong, $6.3 million in Macao and $11.6 million in the PRC. The Hong Kong government provides
deposit protection up to a maximum amount of HK$500,000 (approximately U.S.$ 64,513 based on the midpoint exchange rate for June
30, 2020 reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http:// www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/) for each depositor
in any individual bank in Hong Kong, and the Macao government provides deposit protection up to a maximum amount of MOP$500,000
(approximately U.S.$ 62,634 based on the midpoint exchange rate for June 30, 2020 reported by “Historical Exchange Rates”
at http:// www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/) for each depositor with any individual bank in Macao. We understand that in
the event of a bank failure of a bank in the PRC, a PRC-government agency is to provide some, unspecified, protections of deposit
accounts to individual depositors. After three interest rate hikes in 2011, there were recommendations in early 2012 from China’s
economists that a formal insurance system from China’s central bank is necessary to protect depositors’ assets. On
May 1, 2015, the new “Deposit Insurance Regulations” became effective in the PRC and provide that the maximum protection
would be up to RMB500,000 (including principal and interest) per depositor per insured financial institution. Depending upon the
amounts of funds we have on deposit in a Hong Kong, Macao or PRC financial institution that fails, our inability to have immediate
access to our cash, and the lack of deposit protection in excess of applicable protection limits, could impair our operations,
and, if we are not able to access needed funds to pay our suppliers, employees and other creditors, we may be unable to continue
in business.
Our industry is extremely competitive,
with aggressive pricing dynamics, and if we are not able to continue to provide competitive products and services, we may lose
business.
We compete with a number
of different companies in production of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies and
metallic molds and accessories. For example, we compete with Asian-based manufacturers and/or suppliers of injection-molded plastic
parts and components, major global electronic manufacturing services (“EMS”) providers, other smaller EMS companies
that have a regional or product-
specific focus, and original design manufacturers
with respect to some of the services that we provide. We also compete with our current and prospective customers, who evaluate
our capabilities in light of their own capabilities and cost structures. Our market segments are extremely competitive, many of
our competitors have achieved substantial market share and many have lower cost structures and greater manufacturing, financial
or other resources than we do. We face particular competition from Asian-based competitors, including Taiwanese EMS providers which
compete in our end markets. If we are unable to provide comparable manufacturing services and improved products at lower cost than
the other companies in our market, our net sales could decline.
Uncertainty and adverse
changes in the economy and financial markets may also increase the competitive environment in our market segments which could also
impact our operating results. In addition, the EMS industry is currently experiencing excess manufacturing capacity and has seen
increased competition. To stay competitive, we have had retired some old machines and reinvested in some state of the art ones
in order to best achieve high efficiency, precision and quality.
Nonetheless, the above
factors have exerted and will continue to exert additional pressures on pricing for injection-molded plastic parts and components
and for our electronic manufacturing services, thereby increasing the competitive pressures in our market segments generally. We
may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, and the competitive pressures we face may have
a material adverse effect on us.
We have no long-term contracts to
obtain plastic resins and our profit margins and operating results could suffer from an increase in resin prices.
The primary materials
used by us in the manufacture of our plastic injection molded products are various plastic resins. The following table shows our
cost of plastic resins as a percentage of our cost of plastic products sold and as a percentage of our total costs of goods sold
for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020:
We
have no long-term contracts with our resin suppliers. Accordingly, our financial performance is dependent to a significant extent
on resin markets and the ability to pass through price increases to our customers. The capacity, supply and demand for plastic
resins and the petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced are subject to cyclical price fluctuations, including those
arising from supply shortages. Consequently, resin prices may fluctuate as a result of changes in natural gas and crude oil prices
and the capacity, supply and demand for resin and petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced. Over the past several
years, oil prices have experienced significant volatility. In addition, we have found that increases in resin prices are difficult
to pass on to our customers. In the past, increases in resin prices have increased our costs of goods sold and adversely affected
our operating margins. A significant increase in resin prices in the future could likewise adversely affect our operating margins
and results of operations.
Shortages of
components and materials used in our production of electronics products may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs.
From time to time,
we have experienced shortages of some of the electronic components that we need and use in our electronics manufacturing market
segment. These shortages can result from strong demand for those components or from problems experienced
by suppliers. These unanticipated component shortages could result in curtailed
production or delays in production, which may prevent us from making scheduled shipments to customers. Our inability to make scheduled
shipments could cause us to experience a reduction in sales, increase in inventory levels and costs, and could adversely affect
relationships with existing and prospective customers. Component shortages may
also increase our cost of goods sold because we may be required to pay higher prices for components in short supply and redesign
or reconfigure products to accommodate substitute components. As a result, component
shortages could adversely affect our operating results. Our performance depends, in part, on our ability
to incorporate changes in component costs into the selling prices for our products.
Certain of the electronic
products we manufacture, particularly those for customers whose orders are widely spaced at irregular intervals for small lots
of customized products, require components from single-source or customer-designated suppliers. Shortages of specific components
often result in the suppliers allocating available quantities among their customers based on volume and purchasing history. Generally,
we lack sufficient bargaining power with these suppliers to assure a stable supply of needed components. Delays in our obtaining,
or our inability to obtain, these materials could slow production, delay shipments to our customers, increase our costs and hamper
our operating results.
We face inventory risks of obsolescence
and impairment charges by providing turnkey manufacturing of electronic products.
We conduct most of
the manufacturing of electronic products for our customers on a “turnkey” basis, where we mainly take care of materials
procurement, as well as product design and development for customers’ selection and collaboration. Turnkey manufacturing
involves greater resource investment and inventory risk management than consignment manufacturing, where the customer provides
the components and materials needed to manufacture the products it orders. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, we may
bear the risk of fluctuations in materials costs, scrap and excess inventory, all of which can have an adverse impact on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, delays, cancellations or reductions of orders by our customers could
result in an excess of materials. An excess of components and materials would increase our costs of maintaining inventory and may
increase the risk of inventory obsolescence and impairment charges, which may increase our costs and decrease operating margins
and otherwise harm our operating results.
Periods in which we
receive rapid increases in orders with the lengthening of lead times by suppliers could cause a shortage of materials needed for
us to fulfill orders received from customers expecting normal or accelerated delivery. A shortage of materials could lengthen production
schedules and costs substantially, particularly for orders from our customers placed for short-term or rapid delivery and could
force us to seek and purchase needed components at premium prices, which would increase our costs of goods sold and reduce our
operating margins.
The Chinese government could change
its policies toward or even nationalize private enterprise, which could result in the total loss of our investment in that country.
Our manufacturing facilities
are located in China. As a result, our operations and assets are subject to significant political, economic, legal and other uncertainties
associated with doing business in China. Over the past several years, the Chinese government has pursued economic reform policies
including the encouragement of private economic activity and greater economic decentralization. The Chinese government may not
continue to pursue these policies or may significantly alter them to our detriment from time to time without notice. Changes in
policies by the Chinese government resulting in changes in laws, regulations, or their interpretation, or the imposition of confiscatory
taxation, restrictions on currency conversion or imports and sources of supply could materially and adversely affect us. The nationalization
or other expropriation of private enterprises by the Chinese government could result in the total loss of our investment in that
country.
There
may be a lack of remedies and impartiality under the Chinese legal system that prevents us from enforcing the agreements under
which we operate our factories.
We do not own the land
on which our factories in China are located. We occupy our manufacturing facilities under land use agreements or under tenancy
agreements with the local Chinese government. These agreements may be difficult to enforce in China, which could force us to accept
terms that may not be as favorable as those provided in our agreements. Unlike the U.S., China has a civil law system based on
written statutes in which judicial decisions have little precedential value. The Chinese government has enacted some laws and regulations
dealing with matters such as corporate organization and governance, foreign investment, commerce, taxation and trade. However,
their experience in implementing, interpreting and enforcing these laws and regulations is limited, and our ability to enforce
commercial claims or to resolve commercial
disputes is unpredictable. These matters may be subject to the exercise of considerable discretion by agencies of the Chinese government,
and forces unrelated to the legal merits of a particular matter or dispute may influence their determination.
If our
business licenses in China were not renewed, we would be required to move our operations out of China, which would impair our financial
results, competitiveness and market position and jeopardize our ability to continue operations.
Our activities in China
require business licenses, the scope of which is limited to our present activities, and require review and approval of our activities
by various national and local agencies of Chinese government. The Chinese government may not continue to approve our activities,
grant or renew our licenses or grant or renew licenses to expand our existing activities. Our inability to obtain needed approvals
or licenses could prevent us from continuing to conduct operations in China. If for any reason we were required to move our manufacturing
operations outside of China, our financial results would be substantially impaired, our competitiveness and market position would
be materially jeopardized and we may not be able to continue operations.
Our insurance coverage may not be
adequate to cover losses related to major accidents, forces of nature or product liability risks.
Risks associated with
our business include risk of damage to our stock in trade, goods and merchandise, furniture and equipment and factory buildings
in China. At March 31, 2020, we maintained fire, casualty and theft insurance aggregating approximately $109.0 million covering
damages to fixed and movable assets, equipment, manufacturing facilities in China and furniture and fixtures at our facilities.
The proceeds of this insurance may not be sufficient to cover material damage to, or the loss of, any of our factories due to fire,
severe weather, flood, forces of nature, such as major earthquakes, which are common in China, or other natural disasters. We may
experience difficulty or delays in receiving compensation from the insurance companies and may not receive insurance proceeds adequate
to compensate us fully for a potential loss. Although we maintain insurance addressing damage to and destruction to our facilities
and equipment, we do not have business interruption insurance.
Despite quality assurance
measures, there remains a risk that defects may occur in our products. The occurrence of any defects in our products could give
rise to liability for damages caused by such defects. They could, moreover, impair the market’s acceptance of our products.
At March 31, 2020, we had only limited product liability insurance. Although we have not experienced any product quality claims
from significant customers, if future claims do arise, costs to defend, adverse judgments or amounts we may be forced to pay in
settlement would increase our expenses. If we incur losses which are not covered under our insurance, or the amount of compensation
that we receive from the insurer is significantly less than the actual loss, our financial condition and results of operations
could be materially and adversely affected.
Due to restrictions under PRC law
on distributions of dividends by our subsidiaries in the PRC, we may be forced to reduce the amount of, or not be able to pay,
dividends to our shareholders.
Under the PRC Income
Tax Law and the implementation rules, only distributable profits earned by PRC entities can be distributed. The calculation of
distributable profits under accounting principles and financial regulations applicable to PRC enterprises differs in many ways
from U.S. GAAP. Our subsidiaries in the PRC are also required to reserve 10% of their profits for future development and staff
welfare, which amounts are not distributable as dividends. These rules and possible changes to them could restrict our PRC subsidiaries
from repatriating funds ultimately to us and our stockholders as dividends.
Under the unified enterprise
income tax law (“EIT Law”), profits of the PRC entities earned on or after January 1, 2008 and distributed to the Company
are subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless the Company is deemed a resident enterprise for tax purposes, or is incorporated
in a country which has a tax treaty with PRC that provides for a different withholding arrangement. As a result of this PRC withholding
tax, amounts available to us in earnings distributions from our PRC enterprises have been reduced. Since we derive the funds distributed
to shareholders from our subsidiaries in the PRC, the reduction in amounts available for distribution from our PRC enterprises
could, depending on the income generated by our PRC subsidiaries, force us to reduce, or possibly eliminate, the dividends we have
paid to our shareholders historically. For this reason, or other factors, we may decide not to declare dividends in the future.
If we do pay dividends, we will determine the amounts when they are declared and even if we do declare dividends in the future,
we may not continue them in any future period.
Under China’s EIT Law, we may
be classified as a “resident enterprise” for PRC tax purposes, which may subject us to PRC enterprise income tax for
any dividends we receive from our Chinese subsidiaries and to PRC income tax withholding for any dividends we pay to our non-PRC
stockholders.
Under the PRC’s
EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China whose “de facto management bodies” are located in China is considered
a “resident enterprise” and is subject to the 25% enterprise income tax rate on its
worldwide income.
All of our manufacturing
operations are conducted and managed in the PRC. Our corporate structure, illustrating our incorporation in BVI and our ownership
of companies inside and outside of China, is set forth on page 23 of this Report. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our
holding company structure utilizing companies outside of China is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income
tax purposes, we may be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income. The “resident enterprise”
classification also could subject us to a 10% withholding tax on any dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders if the relevant
PRC authorities determine that such income is PRC-sourced income. If we are classified as a “resident enterprise” and
we incur these tax liabilities, our financial results would be negatively impacted accordingly.
Transactions between our subsidiaries
may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that any of our China subsidiaries owe additional taxes, late
payment interest or other penalties could adversely affect our operating results materially.
The PRC’s EIT
Law emphasizes the requirement of an arm’s-length basis for transfer pricing transactions between related parties. It requires
enterprises with transactions between related parties, such as transactions between our subsidiaries located inside and outside
of China, to prepare transfer pricing documentation that includes the basis for determining pricing, the computation methodology
and detailed explanations. We could face material and adverse consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that transactions
between our subsidiaries do not represent arm’s-length pricing and are thereby deemed tax avoidance, or determine that related
documentation does not meet the requirements of the EIT Law. Such determinations could result in increased tax liabilities of the
affected subsidiaries and potentially subject them to late payment interest and other penalties.
Controversies
affecting China’s trade with the United States could harm our operations or depress our stock price.
Historically, the United
States has been the major or significant geographical area of our product sales in terms of shipping destinations. The United States
was our number two market in fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020. See Item
4 “Information on the Company – Customers and Marketing” on page 29 of this Report for information regarding
our net sales as a percentage of total sales to customers by geographic area. While China has been granted permanent most favored
nation trade status in the United States, controversies between the United States and China may arise that threaten the status
quo involving trade between the United States and China. These controversies could adversely affect our business by, among other
things, causing our products in the United States to become more expensive, which could result in a reduction in the demand for
our products by customers in the United States. Recently, political and trade friction between the United States and China has
escalated.
In July 2018 and again
in September 2018, the United States imposed tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from China. Over the 18 months
that have followed since, the two countries have been embroiled in countless back-and-forth negotiations, introduced foreign technology
restrictions, fought several WTO cases, consequently leading US-China trade tensions to the brink of a full-blown
trade war. So far, the US has slapped tariffs on US$550 billion worth of Chinese products. China, in turn, has set tariffs
on US$185 billion worth of US goods. For many months, neither China nor the United States showed signs of wanting to back down.
But finally, on January 15, 2020, the first signs of a truce were seen, when the two sides signed the Phase One Deal, which officially
agreed to the rollback of tariffs and expansion of trade purchases. Up till mid-May, China has announced its
fifth list of US products eligible to be excluded from retaliatory tariffs. This tariff waiver will take effect from May 19, 2020
through to May 18, 2021.
The trade controversy
between the United States and China is still evolving, and we cannot predict future trade policy. However, future tariffs could
cover more or all of our products, resulting in an adverse effect on our operations, including customer demand, or on the prevailing
market price of our common shares.
Future relocation of certain manufacturing
lines may not be successful.
The
outcome of the trade controversy between the United States and China is not be predictable as of this time. In order to mitigate
the uncertainties caused by the issue, we have been studying the feasibility of reallocating part of our production to Southeast
Asian countries since 2018. Last year, we engaged an internationally-recognized professional service firm to provide advice and
assistance in the completion of required statutory procedures for the incorporation of a wholly foreign invested enterprise in
Vietnam (the “FIE”). However, we were advised that our proposed investment plan might not fulfill the requirement for
the application of the certificate of origin in Vietnam, the incorporation procedures in Vietnam were suspended.
We
are exploring the possibilities to reallocate part of our production to other Southeast Asian countries. We may face difficulties
and possibly be unsuccessful in the future. We may fail to select appropriate manufacturing plants
in other Southeast Asian countries. Some
of our competent and experienced employees and management may not be willing to relocate and work in other Southeast Asian countries.
The quality of the products manufactured and assembled in other Southeast Asian countries may not be accepted by our customers.
A new manufacturing plant in other Southeast Asian countries could require significant management attention and could result in
a diversion of resources away from our existing business. We may also need to obtain approvals and licenses from relevant government
authorities to comply with applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased costs and delays.
Restrictions
on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currency may limit our ability to transfer excess funds or dividends to the Company’s
subsidiaries outside China.
Our manufacturing operations
are conducted by our subsidiaries located in China and funds are frequently transferred into our subsidiaries in China. Thus, any
future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to transfer excess funds or dividends outside China. Although the
PRC government introduced regulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of RMB for current account transactions, significant
restrictions still remain, including primarily the restriction that foreign-invested enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit
foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents. The
Chinese regulatory authorities may impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of RMB, especially with respect to
foreign exchange transactions.
Political and economic instability
of Hong Kong and Macao could harm our operations.
Our administration
and accounting offices are located in Macao, formerly a Portuguese Colony, and some of our customers and suppliers are located
in Hong Kong, formerly a British Crown Colony. Sovereignty over Macao and Hong Kong was transferred to China effective on December
20, 1999 and July 1, 1997, respectively. Since their transfers, Macao and Hong Kong have become Special Administrative Regions
of China, enjoying a high degree of autonomy except for foreign and defense affairs. Moreover, China’s political system and
policies are not practiced in Macao or Hong Kong. Under the principle of “one country, two systems,” Macao and Hong
Kong maintain legal systems that are different from that of China. Macao’s legal system is based on the Basic Law of the
Macao Special Administrative Region and, similarly, Hong Kong’s legal system is based on the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region. It is generally acknowledged as an open question whether Hong Kong’s future prosperity in its role
as a hub and gateway to China will be diminished. The continued stability of political, economic or commercial conditions in Macao
and Hong Kong remain uncertain, and any instability could have an adverse impact on our business.
The PRC’s national labor law
restricts our ability to reduce our workforce if we conclude that we need to make future reductions.
In June 2007, the National
People’s Congress of the PRC enacted labor legislation, called the Labor Contract Law, and that law became effective on January
1, 2008. The law formalized workers’ rights concerning overtime hours, pensions, layoffs, employment contracts and the role
of trade unions. Considered one of the strictest labor laws in the world, among other things, this law requires an employer to
conclude an “open-ended employment contract” with any employee who either has worked for the employer for 10 years
or more or has had two consecutive fixed-term contracts. An “open-ended employment contract” is in effect a lifetime,
permanent contract, which is terminable only in specified circumstances, such as a material breach of the employer’s rules
and regulations, or for a serious dereliction of duty. Such employment contracts with qualifying workers would not be terminable
if, for example, we determined to downsize our workforce in the event of an economic downturn. Under the 2007 law, downsizing by
20% or more may occur only under specified circumstances, such as a restructuring undertaken pursuant to China’s Enterprise
Bankruptcy Law, or where a company suffers serious difficulties in production and/or business operations. Also, if we lay off more
than 20 employees or 10% at one time, we have to communicate with the labor union of our Company and report to the District Labor
Bureau. Deswell’s entire staff, who are employed to work exclusively within the PRC, is covered by the law. In response to
prevailing business conditions, we decreased our workforce by 100 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 after decreasing our
workforce by 135 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. However, we may incur much higher costs under China’s Labor Contract
Law if we are forced to downsize our workforce in the future. Accordingly, this law can be expected to exacerbate the adverse effect
of unfavorable economic conditions on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our customers
are dependent on shipping companies for delivery of our products and interruptions to shipping could materially and adversely affect
our business and operating results.
Generally, we sell
our products F.O.B. Hong Kong or F.O.B. China and our customers are responsible for the transportation of products from Hong Kong
or China to their final destinations. Our customers rely on a variety of carriers for product transportation through various world
ports. A work stoppage, strike or shutdown of one or more
major ports or airports could result in
shipping delays materially and adversely affecting our customers, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business
and operating results. Similarly, an increase in freight surcharges due to rising fuel costs or general price increases could materially
and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Protecting, seeking licenses for,
or asserting claims over, intellectual property could be costly.
We usually rely on
trade secrets, industry expertise and the sharing with us by our customers of their intellectual property. However, there can be
no assurance that intellectual property that we use in our business does not violate rights in such property belonging to others.
We may be notified that we are infringing patents, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by other parties. In the
event of an infringement claim, we may be required to spend a significant amount of money to develop a non-infringing alternative
or to obtain licenses. We may not be successful in developing alternatives or in obtaining licenses on reasonable terms, if at
all. Any litigation, even without merit, could result in substantial costs and could adversely affect our business and operating
results.
Our strategy has been
to evaluate trade names and trademarks, and to consider seeking patents, where we believe that such trade names, trademarks or
patents would be available and adequate to protect our rights to products or processes that we consider material to our business.
To the extent we do seek to obtain trade names, trademarks or patents, we may be required to institute litigation in order to enforce
them or other intellectual property rights to protect our business interests. Such litigation could result in substantial costs
and could adversely affect sales, financial results and growth.
We are dependent on customers operating
in highly competitive markets and the inability of our customers to succeed in their markets can adversely impact our business,
operating results and financial condition.
The end markets we
serve can experience major swings in demand which, in turn, can significantly impact our operations. Our financial performance
depends on our customers’ ability to compete and succeed in their markets, which have been, and could continue to be, affected
directly by prevailing global economic conditions. The majority of our customers’ products are characterized by rapid changes
in technologies, increased standardization of technologies and shortening of product lifecycles. In many instances, our customers
have experienced severe revenue erosion, pricing and margin pressures, and excess inventories during recent years.
We could suffer losses from corrupt
or fraudulent business practices.
Corruption and other
fraudulent practices remain a concern in China. We could suffer losses from fraudulent practices if we are not successful in implementing
and maintaining preventative measures.
Because our operations are international,
we are subject to significant worldwide political, economic, legal and other uncertainties.
We are incorporated
in the BVI and have subsidiaries incorporated in the BVI, Macao, Hong Kong, Samoa and China. Our administrative and accounting
office is located in Macao. We manufacture all of our products in China. As of March 31, 2020, approximately 55.5% of the net book
value of our total identifiable assets was located in China. We sell our products to customers principally in China, the United
States, Hong Kong, Europe (the United Kingdom, Norway and Holland) and Canada. Our international operations may be subject to significant
political and economic risks and legal uncertainties, including:
|
·
|
changes in economic and political conditions and in governmental policies,
|
|
·
|
changes in international and domestic customs regulations,
|
|
·
|
wars, civil unrest, acts of terrorism and other conflicts,
|
|
·
|
changes in tariffs, trade restrictions, trade agreements and taxation,
|
|
·
|
difficulties in managing or overseeing foreign operations, and
|
|
·
|
limitations on the repatriation of funds because of foreign exchange controls.
|
The occurrence or consequences
of any of these factors may restrict our ability to operate in the affected region and negatively impact our operations in that
region, or as a whole.
We depend on our executive officers,
senior managers and skilled personnel.
Our success depends
largely upon the continued services of our executive officers as well as upon our ability to attract and retain qualified technical,
manufacturing and marketing personnel. Generally, our executive officers and senior managers are not bound by employment or non-competition
agreements and we cannot assure you that we will be able retain them. The loss of service of any of our officers or key management
personnel could have a material
adverse effect on our business and operating
results. We do not have key person insurance on our executive officers. We believe that our future success will depend, in part,
on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled executive, technical and management personnel and if we are not able to do
so, our business and operating results could be harmed.
Compliance with current and future
environmental regulations may be costly and could impact our future operating results adversely.
The laws and regulations
related to environmental protection have been tightening in recent years in China and in our end markets, requiring production
facilities that may cause pollution or produce other toxic materials to take steps to protect the environment and establish an
environmental protection and management system. When an entity fails to adopt preventative measures or control facilities that
meet the requirements of environmental protection standards, it is subject to suspension of production or operations and for payment
of fines. Compliance with relevant laws and regulations can be costly and disrupt operations.
Our operations create
some environmentally sensitive waste that may increase in the future depending on the nature of our manufacturing operations. The
general issue of the disposal of hazardous waste has received increasing attention from Chinese national and local governments
and foreign governments and agencies and has been subject to increasing regulation. Currently, relevant Chinese environmental protection
laws and regulations impose fines on discharge of waste materials and empower certain environmental authorities to close any facility
which causes serious environmental problems. Although it has not been alleged that we have violated any current environmental regulations
by China government officials, the Chinese government could amend its current environmental protection laws and regulations. Our
business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected if we were to increase expenditures to comply with environmental
regulations affecting our operations.
In addition, we could
face significant costs and liabilities in connection with product take-back legislation, which enables customers to return a product
at the end of its useful life and charge us with financial and other responsibility for environmentally safe collection, recycling,
treatment and disposal. We also face increasing complexity in our product design and procurement operations as we adjust to requirements
relating to the materials composition of electronic products. If our products are not compatible with such requirements, we could
experience the loss of revenue, damages to our reputation, diversion of resources, monetary penalties, and legal action. Other
environmental regulations may require us to reengineer our products to utilize components that are more environmentally compatible.
Such reengineering and component substitution may result in additional costs to us. Although we currently do not anticipate any
material adverse effects based on the nature of our operations and the effect of such laws, there is no assurance that such existing
laws or future laws will not have a material adverse effect on us.
Power shortages in China could affect
our business.
We consume substantial
amounts of electricity in our manufacturing processes at our production facilities in China. In the past, we have experienced a
number of power shortages at our production facilities in China, though we are sometimes given advance notice of such power shortages.
In relation to these power shortages we have a backup power system. However, there can be no assurance that in the future our backup
power system will be completely effective in the event of a power shortage, particularly if that power shortage is over a sustained
period of time and/or we are not given advance notice of it. Any power shortage, brownout or blackout for a significant period
of time may disrupt our manufacturing, and as a result, may have an adverse impact on our business.
In the future,
we may be required to write down long-lived assets and these impairment charges would adversely affect our future operating results.
As of March 31, 2020,
our balance sheet included approximately $28.6 million in long-lived assets. Under applicable accounting rules, we review long-lived
assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Valuation of our long-lived assets requires us to make various assumptions and these
assumptions are used to forecast future, undiscounted cash flows. If actual market conditions differ or our forecasts change, we
may be required to reassess long-lived assets and could record an impairment charge. If we are required to take substantial impairment
charges in future periods, our earnings would be decreased or our losses would be increased in the period or periods in which the
charges occur.
A material failure of internal control
over financial reporting could materially impact the Company’s financial results.
In designing and evaluating
its internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any internal control or procedure, no matter how well
designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving desired control objectives, and management is required
to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit
relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Management believes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting currently provides reasonable assurance
of achieving their control objectives. However, no system of internal controls can be designed to provide absolute assurance of
effectiveness. See Item 15 “Controls and Procedures” later in this Report.
A material failure of internal control over financial reporting could materially impact the Company’s reported financial
results and the market price of its stock could significantly decline. Additionally, adverse publicity related to a material failure
of internal control over financial reporting could have a negative effect on the Company’s reputation and business.
China’s US stock market issues may
raise investors’ concerns.
Since 2017, a series of
Chinese companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ saw their share prices substantially drop after going public,
as compared to Non-Chinese companies. The difference in performance is thought to be due to heightened concerns over standards
of corporate governance. The SEC made repeated mention of emerging markets, including China, in a warning to investors over the
book-keeping standards of foreign companies listed in the US, that there could be substantially great risk that disclosures will
be incomplete or misleading. These issues and the past performances of Chinese companies could make the US stock markets less attractive
to all sorts of companies from China or could lead to possible decreases in Chinese concept share valuations. As a result, investors
may suffer losses as Deswell’s main operations are located in China.
Our auditor,
like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is not permitted to be subject to inspection by the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and as such, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.
Our independent registered
public accounting firm that issues the audit reports included in our annual reports filed with the SEC, as an auditor of companies
that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States), or PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by PCAOB to assess its compliance
with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Because our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where PCAOB
is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRC authorities, our auditor, like other independent registered
public accounting firms operating in China, is currently not inspected by PCAOB.
Inspections of other
firms that PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality
control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality.
The inability of PCAOB
to conduct inspections of independent registered public accounting firms operating in China makes it more difficult to evaluate
the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures or quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived
of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.
As part of a continued
regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information that may be currently protected by national law,
in particular China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress,
which if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which the PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate
an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based
Listings on our Exchanges (Equitable) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025,
the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years.
On April 21, 2020,
the SEC and the PCAOB issued another joint statement, emphasizing that in many emerging markets, including China, there is a substantially
greater risk that disclosures will be incomplete or misleading. The statement also pointed out that investors have limited access
to recourse, in comparison to U.S. domestic companies, and stressing again the PCAOB’s inability to inspect audit work papers
in China and its potential harm to investors. Further, on May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed S. 945, the Holding Foreign Companies
Accountable Act (the “Kennedy Bill”). If passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed by the U.S. President,
the Kennedy Bill would amend the SOX to direct the SEC to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the
U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over-the-counter” if the auditor of the registrant’s financial statements
is not subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years after the law becomes effective. The U.S. House of Representatives
has also introduced and is considering a bill similar to the Kennedy Bill.
Concurrently, NASDAQ
has proposed to codify its existing discretion in considering whether to deny initial or continued listing or to apply more stringent
criteria when the auditor of a NASDAQ-listed company has not been,
or cannot be, inspected by the PCAOB
or the auditor does not demonstrate sufficient resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit. NASDAQ also
has proposed to clarify that it may use its discretionary authority to impose additional or more stringent criteria for continued
listing where the local jurisdiction restricts access by U.S. securities regulators to information.
Enactment of any
of such legislations or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty
for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of our shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if
we are unable to cure the situation to meet the PCAOB inspection requirements in time. It is unclear if and when any of such proposed
legislations will be enacted and, if it is, what the ultimate resolution, over which we have no control, of the PCAOB inspection
issue will be.
Potential new accounting pronouncements
or changes in interpretation by NASDAQ may adversely impact our future financial position and results of operations in the future.
We prepare our financial
statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America “U.S. GAAP.”
A change in these accounting principles and policies, especially as interpreted by the Securities and Exchange Commission and The
NASDAQ Stock Market, may have an impact on our future financial position and results of operations. Historically, regulatory changes,
such as the requirement of the Financial Accounting Standards Board to expense stock options grants, and other legislative initiatives
have increased our general and administrative costs and future changes could have a similar adverse impact on our financial results.
The concentration of share ownership
in our senior management allows them to control the outcome of matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of June 30, 2020,
the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, Richard Pui Hon Lau, beneficially owned approximately 54.8% of our outstanding
common shares, allowing Mr. Lau to control the outcome of all matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election
of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This ability may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change
in control of Deswell, or causing a change in control of Deswell that may not be favored by our other shareholders. As of June
30, 2020, members of our senior management and Board of Directors as a group, including Mr. Lau, beneficially owned approximately
64.6% of our outstanding common shares. There are no agreements, understandings, or commitments among the members of our senior
management and Board of Directors to vote their shares in any specific manner, or to vote collectively for or against any matter
that may come before the shareholders.
Our board’s ability to amend
our charter without shareholder approval could have anti-takeover effects that could prevent a change in control.
As permitted by the
law of the BVI, many provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association, which are the terms used in the BVI for a corporation’s
charter and bylaws, may be amended by our board of directors without shareholder approval provided that a majority of our independent
directors do not vote against the amendment. This includes amendments to increase or reduce our authorized capital stock. Our board’s
ability to amend certain provisions of our charter documents without shareholder approval, including its ability to create and
issue further common shares, could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Deswell, including
a tender offer to purchase our common shares at a premium over the then current market price.
Our
exemptions from certain of the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act limits the protections and information afforded to
investors.
We are a foreign private
issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt or excluded from certain provisions applicable to United States public companies including:
|
·
|
the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the Commission of quarterly reports
on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
|
|
·
|
the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations
in respect to a security registered under the Exchange Act;
|
|
·
|
the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership
and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction
(i.e., a purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the issuer’s equity securities within less than six months); and
|
|
·
|
Regulation FD, the SEC’s rules regulating disclosure of information by publicly traded companies
and other issuers and requiring that when an issuer discloses material nonpublic information to certain individuals or
|
entities such as stock analysts,
or holders of the issuer’s securities who may trade on the basis of the information, the issuer must make public disclosure
of that information.
In addition, because
we are a “controlled company” under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, certain of the corporate governance standards of
The NASDAQ Stock Market that are applied to domestic companies having securities included on The NASDAQ Stock Market are not applicable
to us. For example, as a controlled company we are exempt from certain corporate governance provisions of sections 5600 et seq.
of NASDAQ’s Marketplace Rules. We rely on exemptions from the following NASDAQ Marketplace Rules:
|
·
|
Rule 5605(b)(1): Our board is not comprised of a majority of independent directors.
|
|
·
|
Rule 5605(d): Our board does not have a compensation committee and compensation of our Chief
Executive Officer and other executive officers is neither determined nor recommended to the board by a majority of our independent
directors. For information regarding why we do not have an independent compensation committee, see the discussion under “Other
Committees; NASDAQ Compliance” in Item 6 “Directors and Senior Management”
of this Report.
|
|
·
|
Rule 5605(e): Nominees for appointment as our directors are not selected or recommended
by either a majority of our independent directors, or a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors, and we do
not have a formal written charter addressing the nominations process.
|
Because of these exemptions
or exclusions, investors are not afforded the same protections or information generally available to investors in public companies
organized in the United States and having securities included on The NASDAQ Stock Market.
Legislation enacted in the BVI as
to Economic Substance may affect our operations
The
Economic Substance (Companies and Limited Partnership) Act 2018 (the “Act”) has been enacted in the British Virgin
Islands (BVI) and came into force on January 1, 2019. The Act requires certain BVI legal entities carrying on relevant activities
to demonstrate adequate economic substance in the BVI.
All
entities will be required to provide information to enable the International Tax Authority in the BVI to monitor whether the relevant
entity is carrying on relevant activities and, if so, whether it is complying with the economic substance requirements. The information
will be uploaded by the entity’s registered agent and integrated into the BVI’s existing Beneficial Ownership Secure Search (BOSS)
system.
Penalties
will be imposed for failure to provide required information or for operating an entity in breach of the economic substance requirements,
which may include substantial fines, imprisonment and eventually the entity may be deregistered.
During
the year end March 31, 2020, we have provided the information requested by the BVI registered agent. No further information or
follow-up action is requested by BVI registered agent or the International Tax Authority in the BVI as of the date of this Report.
We will continue to submit the information requested by the BVI registered agent annually.
If
any one of the BVI entities in our Group is subsequently considered to carry out any one of the relevant activities by the BVI
registered agent or the International Tax Authority in the BVI, the BVI entity will be requested to comply with the relevant economic
substance requirements.
Item
4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
Corporate
Information
Deswell Industries,
Inc. was founded in 1987 in Hong Kong and moved its manufacturing operations to China in 1990 to take advantage of lower overhead
cost, competitive labor rate and tax concessions available in Shenzhen, China as compared with Hong Kong.
We were incorporated
in December 1993 as a limited liability International Business Company under the British Virgin Islands International Business
Companies Act, 1984 (the “IBC Act”). Effective on January 1, 2007, the BVI repealed the IBC Act, and simultaneously
with such repeal, we were automatically re-registered under the BVI’s corporate law replacing the IBC Act, the BVI Business
Companies Act, 2004 (the “BVI BC Act”).
The Company’s
registered agent in the BVI is Harneys Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola, British
Virgin Islands. The Company’s principal administrative office is located in 10B Edificio Associacao Industrial De Macau,
32 Rua do Comandante Mata e Oliveira, Macao, and its telephone number is (853) 2832-2096 and its facsimile number is (853) 2832-3265.
Our principal manufacturing facilities and
operations are currently based in Dongguan,
Guangdong, China.
Important
Events in Deswell’s Development
During
the year ended March 31, 2015, the Company gradually outsourced manufacturing of the metal components used in assembly of the Company’s
audio products. As of March 31, 2015, all of the metallic components used in assembly of the Company’s audio products were
provided by third party suppliers. The operating results of the metallic parts business unit are reported as discontinued operations
for all periods presented. We have historically reported the results of the metallic parts business as a separate segment. The
continuing cash flows subsequent to the unit’s closure were not significant.
Organizational Structure
The following diagram
illustrates the organizational structure of the Company and its active subsidiaries at March 31, 2020.
Capital Expenditures
Principal capital
expenditures and divestitures made by Deswell during the three year periods ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 included the following
(dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
|
|
$1,707
|
|
$878
|
|
$507
|
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment, net of transaction costs.
|
|
$6
|
|
$25
|
|
$188
|
Our major capital
expenditures in fiscal 2020 included:
|
·
|
$77,000 for leasehold improvements;
|
|
·
|
$275,000 for plant and machinery for plastic and electronic products;
|
|
·
|
$64,000 for motor vehicles; and
|
|
·
|
$91,000 for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
|
Our major capital
expenditures in fiscal 2019 included:
|
·
|
$97,000 for leasehold improvements;
|
|
·
|
$228,000 for plant and machinery for plastic and electronic products;
|
|
·
|
$446,000 for motor vehicles; and
|
|
·
|
$107,000 for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
|
Our major capital expenditures
in fiscal 2018 included:
|
·
|
$815,000 for leasehold improvements;
|
|
·
|
$666,000 for plant and machinery for plastic and electronic products;
|
|
·
|
$144,000 for motor vehicles; and
|
|
·
|
$82,000 for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
|
All of the foregoing
capital expenditures were financed principally from internally generated funds and our current plan is to continue to use internally
generated funds principally to finance future capital expenditures.
The Company has constructed
its own manufacturing plant and dormitory buildings in Houjie, Dongguan China with an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million square
feet of land. Management believes that the current plant facility has sufficiently met the Company’s existing requirements.
Thus, the Company has postponed additional construction, consisting of previously planned additions of two dormitory units and
two other buildings. We may choose to inaugurate this last phase of construction if additional production capacity is required
in the future.
Availability
of Additional Information.
The SEC maintains an Internet
site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically
with the SEC. Such information is available at http://www.sec.gov. The Company’s website is http://www.deswell.com.
Business
Overview
We are an independent
manufacturer of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electronic products and subassemblies and metallic molds and accessory
parts for original equipment manufacturers, or “OEMs” and contract manufacturers. We conduct all of our manufacturing
activities at separate plastics, electronics and metallic operation factories located in the People’s Republic of China.
We produce a wide variety
of plastic parts and components that are used in the manufacture of consumer and industrial products, using different plastic injection
technologies, such as film injection, integrated injection and insert injection. The products include:
|
·
|
plastic components of electronic entertainment products;
|
|
·
|
plastic components for power tools, accessories and outdoor equipment;
|
|
·
|
cases for flashlights, telephones, paging machines, projectors and alarm clocks;
|
|
·
|
toner cartridges and cases for photocopy and printer machines;
|
|
·
|
parts for electrical products such as air-conditioning and ventilators;
|
|
·
|
parts for audio equipment;
|
|
·
|
cases and key tops for personal organizers and remote controls;
|
|
·
|
double injection caps and baby products;
|
|
·
|
parts for medical products such as apparatus for blood tests;
|
Electronic products
manufactured by the Company include:
|
·
|
sophisticated professional audio equipment including digital and analogue mixing consoles, amplifiers,
signal processors, audio interfaces, network audio equipment and speaker enclosures;
|
|
·
|
high performance consumer audio products, such as multi-channel receivers-amplifiers, wired and
wireless audio streaming products;
|
|
·
|
complex printed circuit board assemblies using surface mount technology (“SMT”), automatic
insertion (“AI”) and pin-through-hole (“PTH”) interconnection technologies; and
|
|
·
|
telecommunication products, such as VoIP keysets for business communications.
|
Historically, metal
products manufactured by the Company included metallic molds and necessary parts used in audio equipment, telephones, copying machines,
pay telephones, multimedia stations, automatic teller machines, vending machines, and more. As manufacturing of metallic components
is a production process that may emit pollutants, during the year ended March, 31, 2015 the Company gradually outsourced manufacturing
of the metal components used in assembly of the Company’s audio products. Since March, 2015, all the metallic components
used in assembly of the Company’s audio products were provided by third party suppliers.
As part of its manufacturing
operations, the Company consults with its customers in the design of plastic parts and the design and production of the molds used
to manufacture plastic parts, which are made by Deswell at its customers’ expense, and provides advice and assistance in
the design and manufacturing of printed circuit boards. The Company believes that its ability to manufacture or assemble high-end
plastic and metallic accessory parts of the quality required by OEMs and contract manufacturers which furnish products and services
internationally, Deswell’s expertise in designing and manufacturing molds for its customers and the Company’s low production
costs distinguish Deswell from most other manufacturers of plastic products and provide it with a competitive advantage. However,
this advantage has been difficult to maintain as a result of increased competition and increased production overheads during the
last three fiscal years.
Industry
Overview
Management believes
that the injection molding and parts manufacturing industries have each benefited in recent years from a trend among major users
of injection molded and metal products to outsource an increasing portion of the parts requirements and to select a small number
of suppliers or a sole supplier to provide those products. The Company is not aware of any empirical data defining the manufacturing
industry in China, however, management believes that injection molding firms which are much smaller than the Company make up the
largest segment of the industry in China. The Company’s experience indicates that such smaller firms are often unable to
react quickly and responsively to the diverse demands of many customers and are not capable of furnishing the level of quality
that high-end plastic and metal products require. Management believes that this inability on the part of these smaller manufacturers
has created opportunities for the Company to increase sales by catering to the outsourcing requirements of OEMs and contract manufacturers
that manufacture such high-end products.
Similarly, as a result
of the recognition by OEMs in the electronics industry of the rising costs of operating a manufacturing site and the need to add
more sophisticated and expensive manufacturing processes and equipment, OEMs have turned increasingly to outside contract manufacturers.
By doing so, OEMs are able to focus on research, product conception, design and development, marketing and distribution, and to
rely on the production expertise of contract manufacturers. Other benefits to OEMs of using contract manufacturing include: access
to manufacturers in regions with low labor and overhead costs, reduced time to market, reduced capital investment, improved inventory
management, improved purchasing power and improved product quality. In addition, the use of contract manufacturers has helped OEMs
manage production in view of increasingly shorter product life cycles.
Operations
Plastic
Injection Molding
Plastic injection molding
manufacturing accounted for 46.5%, 43.2% and 38.8% of the Company’s total sales
during the years ended March
31, 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2020, the Company conducted its plastic manufacturing
operations in approximately 1,070,000 square feet of factory space in its factory
located in Dongguan, China.
The Company’s
plastic injection molding process consists of three phases: (1) mold design and production; (2) plastic injection; and (3) finishing.
Mold design and production
The plastic injection-molding
process begins when a customer provides the Company with specifications for a product or part, which specifications are often created
in consultation with the Company’s technical staff. Next the Company designs and produces the mold, using great care in the
design process and in the selection of materials to produce the mold in an effort to create a high quality appearance of the completed
product by reducing or eliminating potential flaws such as the sinkage of materials and irregularities in the knit line of joints.
The mold-making process ranges from 40 to 50 days, depending on the size and complexity of the mold. Mold making requires specialized
machines and is capital intensive. At March 31, 2020, the Company used 30 EDMs (electrical discharge machines), 32 CNC (computer
numerical control) milling machines and 83 NC (numerical control) milling machines in the mold-making process.
The customer generally
bears the cost of producing the molds and, as is customary in the industry, the customer owns them. However, the Company maintains
and stores the molds at its factory for use in production and it is Deswell’s policy generally not to make molds for customers
unless the customer undertakes to store its molds at the Company’s factory and uses Deswell to manufacture the related parts.
In that way, the Company seeks to use its mold-making expertise to create dependence on it for the customer’s parts requirements.
Through its Export Tooling Department, Deswell produces molds for export to customers and thus does not use those molds to manufacture
related parts.
During the year ended
March 31, 2020, the Company made an average of approximately 12 to 15 molds each month. The average weight of the molds produced
by the Company is about 1,300 pounds costing an average of $8,800 per set. Management believes that the Company’s skills
and expertise in mold-making, coupled with having its facilities and operations in China, allow the Company to produce molds at
costs substantially less than molds of comparable quality made in Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
Plastic Injection
During the mold-making
process, suitable plastic resin for the particular product is selected and purchased. See “Raw Materials, Component Parts
and Suppliers,” below. The completed mold is mounted onto injection machines, which are classified according to the clamping
force (the pressure per square inch required to hold a mold in place during the injection molding process). At March 31, 2020,
the Company had approximately 180 injection molding machines, ranging from 30 to 1,600 tons of clamping force, with most machines
in the range of from 86 to 380 tons. Each of the Company’s machines is capable of servicing a variety of applications and
product configurations and the Company has machines which permit the Company to fabricate plastic parts as small as a button and
as large as a 3 ft. x 2 ft. case for a copy machine.
Using separate shifts,
injection molding can be conducted 24 hours a day, five to seven days per week, other than during normal down time for maintenance
and changing of product molds. Molding of products requiring extra concerns for appearance, such as cases for calculators, personal
organizers and telephones are conducted in an isolated and dust free section of the factory. In a continuous effort to assure quality,
the Company’s quality control personnel inspect the products produced from each machine generally at hourly intervals during
production. When defects are discovered, the Company’s maintenance personnel inspect the mold and the machine to determine
which is responsible. If the mold is the cause of the defect, it will be immediately removed from the machine and serviced or repaired
by one of a team of technicians employed to maintain molds. The mold will then be remounted on the machine and production will
continue. If the machine is the source of the defect, the Company’s technicians and engineers service the machine immediately.
Through this continuous vigilance to molds and machines, the Company has experienced what it believes to be a relatively low scrap
rate and has been able to maintain a high level of productivity of its injection molding machines.
During the year ended
March 31, 2018, the Company disposed of 3 old plastic injection molding machines and added 1 new one.
During the year ended
March 31, 2019, the Company neither disposed of any plastic injection molding machines nor purchased new machines.
During the year ended
March 31, 2020, the Company disposed of 18 plastic injection molding machines and did not add any new machine.
Finishing
After injection molding,
products are finished. Finishing consists of smoothing and polishing, imprinting letters, numbers and signs through silk screening
process, pad printing or epoxy ultra violet cutting, and treating the
product with an anti-fog coating for a
lasting and attractive appearance. Most of these functions are conducted by hand.
Electronic
Products and Assemblies
In an aggregate of
approximately 223,000 square feet of factory space at March 31, 2020 located at facilities in Dongguan, China, the Company manufactures
and assembles electronic products and electronic assemblies for OEMs. Finished products include consumer and sophisticated studio-quality
audio equipment, IPBX and commercial telephone units, network education platforms, IP switches and routers. Assemblies consist
of printed circuit boards (“PCBs”) with passive (e.g., resistors, capacitors, transformers, switches and wire) and
active (e.g., semiconductors and memory chips) components mounted on them. During the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019, and 2020,
manufacturing of electronic products accounted for approximately 53.5%, 56.8% and 61.2%, respectively, of the Company’s total
sales.
In assembling printed
circuit boards the Company purchases printed circuit boards, surface mounted components and chips and uses automatic insertion
and pin-through-hole interconnection technologies to assemble various components onto the PCBs. Before delivery, completed PCBs
are checked by in-circuit testers and outgoing quality assurance inspections are performed.
PTH is a method of
assembling printed circuit boards in which component leads are inserted and soldered into plated holes in the board. While this
technology is several decades old and is labor intensive, it still has a significant market, particularly for consumer product
applications.
BGA is a method of
mounting an integrated circuit or other component to a PCB. Rather than using pins that consume a large area of the PCB, the component
is attached to the circuit board with small balls of solder at each contact. This method allows for greater component density and
is used in more complex PCBs.
SMT is the automatic
process of printed circuit board assembly in which components are mounted directly to the surface of the board, rather than being
inserted into holes. With this process, solder is accurately stenciled in paste form on pads located on the printed circuit board
and the components are then placed onto the solder paste and fused to the melting point of the paste to establish a strong solder
joint between components and the printed circuit board. The SMT process allows miniaturization of PCBs, cost savings and shorter
lead paths between components (which results in faster signal speed and improved reliability). Additionally, it allows components
to be placed on both sides of the printed circuit board, a major factor for the purpose of miniaturization.
Manufacturing operations
include PCB assembly, wiring and testing. The process is completed by assembling the PCBs into a plastic or metal housing that
comprises the finished product. Quality assurance is then conducted in accordance with the customers’ requirements before
the shipment.
Quality
Control
The Company maintains
strict quality control procedures for its products. At hourly intervals, the Company’s quality control personnel monitor
machines and molds to assure that plastic parts are free from defects.
For electronic operations,
the Company’s quality control personnel check all incoming components. Moreover, during the production stage, the Company’s
quality control personnel check all work in process at several points in the production process. Finally, after the final assembly
and before shipment, the Company conducts quality assurance inspections in accordance with the customers’ Acceptable Quality
Level, or AQL, requirements.
In 1995, the Company
earned ISO 9001 certifications for both its plastic and electronic products manufacturing operations. The “ISO” or
International Organization for Standardization is a Geneva-based organization dedicated to the development of worldwide standards
for quality management guidelines and quality assurance. ISO 9000, which is the first quality system standard to gain worldwide
recognition, requires a company to gather, analyze, document and monitor and to make improvements where needed. ISO 9001 is the
ISO level appropriate for manufacturers like the Company. The Company’s receipt of ISO 9001 certification demonstrates that
the Company’s manufacturing operations meet the established world standards.
In August 2004, the
Company’s plastic injection manufacturing plant in Dongguan also obtained ISO 14001 certification, which evidences that the
Company’s environmental management standards meet established international standards. ISO 14000 is a series of international
standards on environmental management. ISO 14001 is the most well-known of these standards and is often seen as the cornerstone
standard of the ISO 14000 series. In January 2006, the Company’s electronic manufacturing plant also obtained ISO 14001 certification.
In July 2006, Deswell
obtained ISO/TS 16949 Certification for its plastic injection manufacturing plant.
ISO/TS 16949 is an ISO Technical Specification aligning existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF) and Italian
(AVSQ) automotive quality systems standards within the global automotive industry. Together with ISO 9001:2008, ISO/TS 16949 specifies
the quality system requirements for the design/development, production, installation and servicing of automotive related products.
ISO/TS 16949 has been accepted as an equivalent to QS-9000, VDA6.1, AVSQ, and EAQF. ISO/TS 16949 does not replace QS-9000; but
is optional and eliminates the need for multiple certifications.
Raw
Materials, Component Parts and Suppliers
Plastic Resins
The
primary raw materials used by the Company in the manufacture of its plastic parts are various plastic resins, primarily ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene).
The chart below shows Deswell’s average cost of ABS as a percentage of the total cost of plastic products sold and as a percentage
of total cost of goods sold during its last three fiscal years.
Because plastic resins
are commodity products, the Company has no long-term supply agreements for plastic resins. The Company selects its suppliers based
on price, lead time, the brand name or those that are appointed by its customers. Most of its plastic resins are obtained from
suppliers in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Deswell normally maintains a two to three month inventory supply.
The Company used in
excess of 8,970,000 pounds of plastic resins during the year ended March 31, 2020. Management believes that the Company’s
large volume purchases of plastic resin have generally resulted in lower unit raw material costs and generally have enabled the
Company to obtain adequate shipments of raw materials. While the Company is not generally bound by fixed price contracts with its
customers, the Company has found that increases in resin prices can be difficult to pass on to its customers and, as a consequence,
a significant increase in resin prices could have, and in the past has had, a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations.
The primary plastic
resins used by the Company are produced from petrochemical intermediates derived from products of the natural gas and crude oil
refining processes. Natural gas and crude oil markets have in the past experienced substantially cyclical price fluctuations as
well as other market disturbances including shortages of supply and crises in the oil producing regions of the world. The capacity,
supply and demand for plastic resins and the petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced are also subject to cyclical
and other market factors. Consequently, plastic resin prices may fluctuate as a result of natural gas and crude oil prices and
the capacity, supply and demand for resin and petrochemical intermediates from which they are produced. Over the past several years,
oil prices have experienced significant volatility and remain extremely uncertain. Sustained increases in oil prices could result
in higher costs for plastic resins.
Although the plastics
industry has from time to time experienced shortages of plastic resins, the Company has not experienced to date any such shortages.
Management believes that there are adequate sources available to meet the Company’s raw material needs.
Component Parts and Supplies for
Electrical Products Manufacturing
The Company purchases
a wide variety of component parts from numerous suppliers and is not dependent upon any single supplier for any essential component.
The Company purchases from suppliers in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. At various
times there have been shortages of parts in the electronics industry, and certain components, including integrated circuits, diodes,
transistors and other semiconductors, have been subject to allocations by their suppliers, particularly if they are complex and/or
customized for a particular use. Although shortages of parts and allocations have not had a material adverse effect on the
Company’s results of operations,
there can be no assurance that any future shortages or allocations would not have such an effect.
For a discussion of
various risks we face associated with obtaining needed components used in our manufacture of electronic products, please see “Shortages
of components and materials used in our production of electronics products may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs”
and “We face inventory risks of obsolescence and impairment charges by providing turnkey manufacturing of electronic products”
beginning on page 13 of the Risk Factor section of this Report.
Transportation
Transportation of components
and finished products to customers in Shenzhen and to and from Hong Kong and Shenzhen and Dongguan is by truck. Generally, the
Company sells its products F.O.B. China or F.O.B. Hong Kong. To date, the Company has not been materially affected by any transportation
problems.
Customers
and Marketing
The Company’s
customers are OEMs and contract manufacturers. The Company sells its products principally in China, the United States, Hong Kong
and Europe (the United Kingdom, Norway and Holland) and Canada. Net sales to
customers by geographic area are determined by reference to shipping destinations as directed by the Company’s customers.
For example, if the products are delivered to the customer in Hong Kong, the sales are recorded as generated in Hong Kong; if the
customer directs the Company to ship its products to Europe, the sales are recorded as sold to Europe. See Note 16 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for the dollar amounts of export sales by geographic area for each of the years ended March 31,
2018, 2019 and 2020. Net sales as a percentage of total sales to customers by geographic area consisted of the following for the
years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020:
|
|
Year
ended March 31,
|
|
Geographical Area
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
China
|
|
49.6
|
%
|
46.2
|
%
|
41.5
|
%
|
United States
|
|
17.5
|
|
19.3
|
|
17.2
|
|
Europe
|
|
13.7
|
|
12.3
|
|
15.0
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
7.6
|
|
7.1
|
|
9.5
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
4.7
|
|
5.4
|
|
7.4
|
|
Others
|
|
6.9
|
|
9.7
|
|
9.4
|
|
Total
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
We believe that our
reported sales by geographic area do not necessarily reflect the final destinations of our products or the actual nationalities
of our customers. For example, we have reported product sales in China amounting to 41.5% of our total net sales for the year ended
March 31, 2020 because China is where our customers directed us to deliver the products. However, we believe that these sales were
to offshore customers using local China shipping destinations, which in turn, transshipped our products offshore.
The Company markets
its products and services to existing customers through direct contact with the Company’s management and direct sales personnel.
The Company’s sales personnel attend trade shows, exhibitions and conventions. Collecting information from trade shows, as
well as websites, Deswell’s marketing staff contacts existing and potential customers directly by telephone, mail, fax, e-mail
via the Internet and in person, stressing Deswell’s capability as a complete solution provider for plastic injection mold
design, tooling and molding as well as an electronics manufacturing services, or EMS, provider of advanced technology manufacturing
processes and flexible logistic services.
The Company’s
sales transactions with all of its customers are based on purchase orders received by the Company from time to time. Except for
these purchase orders, the Company has no written agreements with its customers. Sales of plastic parts, electronic products and
metallic products are primarily made on credit terms, with payment in United States dollars or Hong Kong dollars expected within
30 to 90 days of shipment. In certain cases, primarily new customers of electronic products, sales are supported by letters of
credit and are payable in United States dollars. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant difficulty in collecting
accounts receivable on credit sales. Management communicates regularly with credit sale customers and closely monitors the status
of payment and in this way believes it has kept the default rate low. Additionally, plastic parts deliveries are made in several
installments over a lengthy period of time, which permits the Company to withhold delivery in the event of any delinquency in payment
for past shipments. While the Company has not experienced any material difficulty in being paid by its customers, there can be
no assurance that the Company’s favorable collection experience will continue.
Customers
The Company’s
success depends to a significant extent on the success achieved by its customers in
developing and marketing their products,
some of which may be new. Many of the industry segments served by the Company’s customers are subject to technological change,
which can result in short product life cycles. The Company could be materially adversely affected if advances in technology or
other factors reduce the marketability of essential products of its customers or if new products being developed by its customers
do not attain desired levels of acceptance.
Historically, the Company
has depended, currently depends, and expects to continue to depend, on a small number of customers for a significant percentage
of its net sales. The following table sets forth Deswell’s major customers which accounted for 10% or more of its net sales
during fiscal 2018, 2019 and 2020:
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Customer A
|
10.8%
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
Customer B
|
*
|
|
11.5%
|
|
12.0%
|
Customer C
|
10.8%
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
Customer D
|
12.8%
|
|
12.5%
|
|
11.6%
|
Customer E
|
11.9%
|
|
11.1%
|
|
18.7%
|
__________
* Less
than 10% in the year indicated.
If
the Company’s major customers experience a decline in the demand for their products as a result of the prevailing economic
environment or other factors, the products or services that we provide to them could be reduced or even terminated. The loss of
any of our major customers or a substantial reduction in orders from any of them would adversely impact our sales and operating
results unless and until we were able to replace the customer or order with one or more of comparable size.
The Company’s
sales are based on purchase orders and there are no long-term contracts with any of Deswell’s customers. The percentage of
sales to the Company’s customers has fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in future. Substantial decreases in sales to,
or the loss of major customers, have adversely impacted Deswell’s sales and financial performance.
Present or future customers
could cease to use Deswell as the source of the injection-molded plastic parts and components it manufactures for electronic manufacturing
services of electrical products and subassemblies or for metallic molds and accessories or significantly change, reduce or delay
the amount of products and services ordered. The Company’s sales may decline and its financial results will suffer if orders
from its largest customers, or orders from other substantial customers, cease or are significantly reduced, unless Deswell can
maintain strong relationships with longstanding customers or add sales from new customers.
In February 2020, our plants
in PRC were temporarily suspended for one to two weeks according to the instruction of the local government, related to the coronavirus
(“COVID-19”). In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the COVID-19 as a pandemic, and most of the
world experienced the detrimental effects of this health crisis, including widespread economic shutdowns. As of March 31, 2020,
our manufacturing facilities resumed normal operations.
We believe the economic
implications related to COVID-19 may result in temporarily decreased customer demand across all our markets. We will continue to
evaluate the nature and extent of the COVID-19 outbreak’s impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows. For more information on discussion of risks associated with COVID-19, see Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors –
Our business operations may be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19.
Competition
We compete with a number
of different companies in production of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies and
metallic molds and accessories. For example, we compete with major global EMS providers, other smaller EMS companies that have
a regional or product-specific focus, and original design manufacturers with respect to some of the services that we provide. We
also compete with our current and prospective customers, who can manufacture internally and who evaluate our capabilities in light
of their own capabilities and cost structures. Our market segments are extremely competitive, many of our competitors have achieved
substantial market share and many have lower cost structures and greater manufacturing, financial or other resources than we do.
We face particular competition from Asian-based competitors, including Taiwanese EMS providers who compete in our end markets.
The Company believes
that competition for plastic injection molding, contract electronic manufacturing and parts manufacturing businesses are based
on price, quality, service and the ability to deliver products in a timely and reliable basis.
Patents,
Licenses and Trademarks
The Company has no
patents, trademarks, licenses, franchises, concessions or royalty agreements that are material to its business.
Seasonality
For information concerning
the seasonality of the Company’s business, see “Seasonality” included under Item
5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”
Property,
Plants and Equipment
Macao
The Company leases
Units 10B and 10C Edificio Associacao Industrial De Macau, No. 32-36 Rua do Comandante Mata e Oliveira, Macao from an unaffiliated
party, each being for a term of two years to May 2020. The premises are used as trading, administrative and accounting offices
for the Company’s plastic injection business and electronic & metallic business, respectively. The monthly rent is approximately
$4,100.
Southern China
In January 2000, the
Company acquired under a land-lease agreement with the local government an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million square feet of
land to construct its own manufacturing plant and dormitory buildings in Houjie, Dongguan, China. Under the land-lease agreement,
the Company has the right to use the land for 50 years. On this land, Deswell has through March 31, 2020 constructed
approximately
|
·
|
1,070,000 square feet of factory space,
|
|
·
|
91,000 square feet of amenity space,
|
|
·
|
133,000 square feet of office building space, and
|
|
·
|
470,000 square feet of dormitory space.
|
Deswell now uses this
facility for its plastic manufacturing operations.
Manufacturing facilities
and warehouses identified to be idle during the year were leased to third parties for rental income. Rental income of $1,111,000,
$1,445,000 and $1,560,000 was earned during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively.
In July 2003, the Company
acquired under a land-lease agreement with a third party an aggregate of approximately 244,000 square feet of land and approximately
420,000 square feet of buildings, including six blocks of dormitory buildings, a canteen, a factory building, a car park and a
guard room, at Chang An, Dongguan, China, which was previously named Kwan Hong Building. The land use period is for 50 years from
February 1, 2003 to January 31, 2053. The Company uses the facilities for its electronic products manufacturing operations.
The Company believes
that its existing offices and manufacturing space, and manufacturing space in close proximity to its existing facilities, which
management believes will be available as needed for limited expansion, will be adequate for the operation of its business for at
least the next two years.
Material Effects of Government Regulations
See discussion of increasing
minimum wage levels in Guangdong Province and corresponding increases in employer contributions for mandatory social welfare benefits
for Chinese employees on page 9 of this Report.
Item
4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable to Deswell.
Item
5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
Except
for statements of historical facts, this section contains forward-looking statements involving risks and uncertainties. You can
identify these statements by forward looking words including “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,”
“seek,” and “estimate.” Forward looking statements are not guarantees of Deswell’s future performance
or results and the Company’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements
as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the section of this Report entitled Item
3 “Key Information – Risk Factors.”
Operating
Results
The following discussion
should also be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included following Item
18 of this Report. The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
General
The Company’s
revenues are derived from the manufacture and sale of injection-molded plastic parts and components, electrical products and subassemblies
and metallic molds and accessories.
The manufacturing of
the metallic components is a production process which may emit pollutants. During the year ended March 31, 2015, the Company gradually
outsourced manufacturing of the metal components used in assembly of the Company’s audio products. As of March 31, 2015,
all of the metallic components used in assembly of the Company’s audio products were provided by third party suppliers. The
Company carries out all of its manufacturing operations in Southern China, where it has been able to take advantage of the lower
overhead costs and labor rates as compared to Hong Kong. At the same time, the proximity of the Company’s factories in Southern
China to Hong Kong permits the Company to easily manage its manufacturing operations from Macao, and facilitates transportation
of its products through Hong Kong.
PRC Income Taxes
In accordance with
the PRC Income Tax Law, the standard income tax rate for all subsidiaries operating in the PRC is 25%.
Business Segment Information
Deswell’s operations
are generally organized in two segments: plastic injection molding, which we sometimes refer to as the “plastics segment,”
and electronic products assembling. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products
and services. See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial
information presented as a percentage of net sales by segment for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020:
|
|
Year ended March 31, 2018
|
|
Year ended March 31, 2019
|
|
Year ended March 31, 2020
|
|
|
Plastic
Injection
Molding
Segment
|
Electronic
Segment
|
Total
|
|
Plastic
Injection
Molding
Segment
|
Electronic
Segment
|
Total
|
|
Plastic
Injection
Molding
Segment
|
Electronic
Segment
|
Total
|
Net sales
|
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
Cost of sales
|
|
80.6
|
86.9
|
84.0
|
|
81.2
|
87.1
|
84.6
|
|
78.0
|
84.3
|
81.9
|
Gross profit
|
|
19.4
|
13.1
|
16.0
|
|
18.8
|
12.9
|
15.4
|
|
22.0
|
15.7
|
18.1
|
Selling, general
and
administrative
expenses
|
|
15.5
|
9.8
|
12.4
|
|
15.9
|
9.3
|
12.2
|
|
18.2
|
10.3
|
13.4
|
Corporate expense
|
|
-
|
-
|
2.1
|
|
-
|
-
|
2.0
|
|
-
|
-
|
2.0
|
Other income
(expenses),
net
|
|
3.2
|
-
|
1.5
|
|
(1.9)
|
0.7
|
(0.4)
|
|
(2.3)
|
0.4
|
(0.7)
|
Operating (loss)
income
|
|
7.1
|
3.3
|
3.0
|
|
1.0
|
4.3
|
0.8
|
|
1.5
|
5.8
|
2.0
|
Non-operating
income, net
|
|
12.1
|
3.1
|
7.2
|
|
11.9
|
1.2
|
5.8
|
|
(6.1)
|
(2.0)
|
(3.6)
|
(Loss) income
before
income taxes
|
|
19.2
|
6.4
|
10.2
|
|
12.9
|
5.5
|
6.6
|
|
(4.6)
|
3.8
|
(1.6)
|
Income
taxes (benefit)
|
|
(0.3)
|
0.3
|
-
|
|
-
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
19.5
|
6.1
|
10.2
|
|
12.9
|
5.1
|
6.4
|
|
(5.3)
|
3.3
|
(2.2)
|
The Company used to include
corporate expenses, which mainly included directors’ remuneration, legal and professional expenses and corporate insurance,
in the segment of plastic injection. Commencing from fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the corporate expenses are separately disclosed
in the segment information for a more precise presentation of the financial performance of each segment.
Year
ended March 31, 2020 (Fiscal 2020) Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2019 (Fiscal 2019)
Net
Sales - The Company’s net sales for the year ended March 31, 2020 were $65,368,000, a decrease
of $1,213,000 or 1.8% as compared to $66,581,000 in the corresponding period in fiscal 2019. The decrease was related to a decrease
in sales revenues of $3,425,000 in our plastic segment and an increase of $2,212,000 in sales revenues in our electronic segment,
as compared with the respective net sales from these segments in the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year.
The
revenues decrease in the plastic segment was mainly due to a decrease in orders of $2,311,000 from
existing customers for telephone,
printing and office equipment, and of $744,000 for tooling products from other existing customers.
The
revenues increase in the electronic segment was mainly due to increase of $4,981,000 in orders for professional audio instruments
of signal processors, offsetting a decrease of $2,756,000 in orders for mixing consoles from other existing customers.
Gross
Profit - Gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $11,864,000, representing a gross profit
margin of 18.1%. This compared with the overall gross profit and gross profit margin of $10,270,000 or 15.4% for the year ended
March 31, 2019.
Gross
profit in the plastic segment increased by $158,000 to $5,565,000 or 22.0% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared
to $5,407,000 or 18.8%% of net sales, for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The slight increase in gross margin for the
plastic segment was mainly due to the decrease in raw materials cost.
Gross
profit in the electronic segment increased by $1,436,000 to $6,299,000 or 15.7% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2020,
as compared to $4,863,000 or 12.9% of net sales, for the prior fiscal year. The increase in gross profit and margin was mainly
attributed to the increase in sales revenues and savings in raw materials costs, as a percentage of sales, when compared with last
fiscal year.
Selling,
general and administrative expenses - SG&A expenses for the year ended March 31, 2020 increased by $567,000 to $10,026,000
or 15.3% of total net sales, as compared to $9,459,000 or 14.2% of total net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019.
Corporate
expenses decreased by $52,000 to $1,294,000 for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $1,346,000 for the year ended March
31, 2019. The decrease was primarily related to the decrease of the provision of long service compensation.
SG&A
expenses in the plastic segment increased by $40,000 to $4,624,000 or 18.2% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2020, compared
to $4,584,000 or 15.9% of net sales for fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily related to an increase of $50,000 in staff costs
and welfare, as compared with the same period in the prior fiscal year.
SG&A
expenses in the electronic segment increased by $579,000 to $4,108,000 or 10.3% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2020,
compared to $3,529,000 or 9.3%of net sales for fiscal 2019. The increase was mainly due to increase of $443,000 in staff costs
and welfare, and of $32,000 in legal and professional fees when compared to prior fiscal year.
Other
expenses, net - Other expense was $425,000 for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to other expense of $278,000 in the
prior fiscal year.
On
a segment basis, other expense attributable to the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $584,000, as compared
to other expense of $560,000 for prior fiscal year. Other expense in fiscal 2020 was mainly due to $588,000 in exchange loss, a
provision of $218,000 for doubtful debts and a gain of $219,000 on sales of materials during fiscal 2020, as compared to $249,000
in exchange loss, and a provision of $403,000 for doubtful receivables in fiscal 2019.
Other
income attributable to the electronic segment for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $159,000, as compared with other income of
$282,000 for the prior fiscal year. The decrease in other income was mainly due to a decrease of $85,000 in exchange income and
an increase of provision of $77,000 for doubtful debts during the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to last fiscal year.
Operating
Income - Operating income was $1,413,000 for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to operating
income of $533,000 in the prior fiscal year.
Corporate
expenses of $1,294,000 and $1,346,000 were incurred during the fiscal year of 2020 and 2019, respectively.
On
a segment basis, the operating income in the plastic segment was $357,000 in the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to operating
income of $263,000 in fiscal 2019. The increase in operating income in the plastic segment was mainly due to the improvement
in gross profit and margin as described above.
The
electronic segment reported an operating income of $2,350,000 in the year ended March 31, 2020, compared
to an operating income of $1,616,000 in fiscal 2019. The increase in operating income was mainly due to the increase
in gross profit as described above.
Non-operating
income (expense), net – Non-operating expense for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $2,360,000, as compared to non-operating
income of $3,884,000 in last fiscal year. The decrease in non-operating income was primarily due to decrease of $6,071,000
on change of the fair value of marketable securities, as compared to fiscal 2019.
Income
Taxes – Income tax for the year ended March 31, 2020 represented an income tax expense of $264,000
and a deferred tax provision of $109,000, as compared to an income tax expense of $236,000 and a deferred
tax benefit of $92,000 in last fiscal
year.
On
a segment basis, there was income tax expense of $73,000 and a deferred
tax provision of $109,000 in the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to income tax expense of $81,000
and a deferred tax benefit of $92,000 during the last fiscal year. The income tax expense of the electronic segment was $191,000
for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $155,000 in fiscal 2019.
Net
income (loss) – The Company had net loss of $1,320,000 for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to a net income
of $4,273,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in net income was mainly the decrease in non-operating
income as described above.
Net
loss for the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $1,379,000, as compared to net income of $3,697,000 for fiscal
2019. The decrease in net income in the plastic segment was mainly due to a decrease in non-operating income, offsetting
an increase in gross profit margin as described above.
Net
income for the electronic segment for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $1,353,000, as compared to
net income of $1,922,000 for fiscal 2019. The decrease in net income in the electronic segment was mainly attributable
to decrease in non-operating income, offsetting an increase in gross profit as described above.
Year
ended March 31, 2019 (Fiscal 2019) Compared to Year Ended March 31, 2018 (Fiscal 2018)
Net Sales - The
Company’s net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019 were $66,581,000, an increase of $5,914,000 or 9.7% as compared to $60,667,000
in the corresponding period in fiscal 2018. The increase was related to increases in sales revenues of $563,000 in our plastic
segment and $5,351,000 in our electronic segment, as compared with the respective net sales from these segments in the corresponding
period of the prior fiscal year.
The revenue increase in
the plastic segment was mainly due to an increase of $2,436,000 in orders from existing customers for printers and tooling products
offsetting a decrease of $1,936,000 in sales orders from existing customers mainly for telephone and office equipment.
The revenue increase in
the electronic segment was mainly due to increase of $3,563,000 in orders from existing customers for professional audio instruments,
and of $1,654,000 in orders for home entertainment equipment from other existing customers.
Gross Profit - Gross
profit for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $10,270,000, representing a gross profit margin of 15.4%. This compared with the overall
gross profit and gross profit margin of $9,714,000 or 16.0% for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Gross profit in the plastic
segment decreased by $56,000 to $5,407,000 or 18.8% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $5,463,000 or
19.4% of net sales, for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The slight decrease in gross margin for the plastic segment was
mainly due to the decrease in unit selling prices of certain products.
Gross profit in the electronic
segment increased by $612,000 to $4,863,000 or 12.9% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $4,251,000
or 13.1% of net sales, for the prior fiscal year. The increase in gross profit was mainly attributed to the increase in sales revenues,
though gross margin was slightly decreased due to higher raw materials and labor costs, as a percentage of sales, when compared
with last fiscal year.
Selling, General and
Administrative Expenses - SG&A expenses for the year ended March 31, 2019 increased by $653,000 to $9,459,000 or 14.2%
of total net sales, as compared to $8,806,000 or 14.5% of total net sales for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Corporate expenses increased
by $91,000 to $1,346,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $1,255,000 for the year ended March 31, 2018. The increase
was primarily related to the increase of the provision of long service compensation.
SG&A expenses in the
plastic segment increased by $213,000 to $4,584,000 or 15.9% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019, compared to $4,371,000
or 15.5% of net sales for fiscal 2018. The increase was primarily related to an increase of $225,000 in staff costs and welfare,
offsetting a decrease of $7,000 in local government taxes and registration fees, as compared with the same period in the prior
fiscal year.
SG&A expenses in the
electronic segment increased by $349,000 to $3,529,000 or 9.3% of net sales for the year ended March 31, 2019, compared to $3,180,000
or 9.8% of net sales for fiscal 2018. The increase was mainly due to increase of $245,000 in staff costs and welfare, and of $53,000
in local government taxes when compared to prior fiscal year.
Other Income (Expenses),
Net - Other expense was $278,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to other income of $894,000 in the prior fiscal
year.
On a segment basis, other
expense attributable to the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $560,000, as compared to other income of $910,000
for prior fiscal year. Other expense in fiscal 2019 was mainly due to $249,000 in exchange loss, and a provision of $403,000 for
doubtful receivables during fiscal 2019, as compared to $308,000 in exchange income, a reversal of provision of $633,000 for doubtful
debts and a loss of $61,000 on disposal of fixed assets in fiscal 2018.
Other income attributable
to the electronic segment for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $282,000, as compared with other expense of $16,000 for the prior
fiscal year. The increase in other income was mainly due to an increase of $532,000 in exchange income, offsetting a decrease of
$196,000 in other income during the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to last fiscal year.
Operating Income
- Operating income was $533,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to operating income of $1,802,000 in the prior fiscal
year.
Corporate expenses of $1,346,000
and $1,255,000 were incurred during the fiscal year of 2019 and 2018, respectively.
On a segment basis, the
operating income in the plastic segment was $263,000 in the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to operating income of $2,002,000
in fiscal 2018. The decrease in operating income in the plastic segment was mainly due to a decrease in other income as well as
an increase in SG&A expense as a percentage of net sales.
The electronic segment
reported an operating income of $1,616,000 in the year ended March 31, 2019, compared to an operating income of $1,055,000 in fiscal
2018. The increase in operating income was mainly due to the increases in gross profit and in other income as described above.
Non-Operating Income
– Non-operating income for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3,884,000, as compared to non-operating income of $4,395,000
in last fiscal year. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $121,000 in dividend income from securities investments, of
$510,000 on change of the fair value of marketable securities, and of $277,000 in other income, offsetting increases of $137,000
from realized gain on marketable securities and of $344,000 from rental income, as compared to fiscal 2018.
Income Taxes –
Income tax for the year ended March 31, 2019 represented an income tax expense of $236,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $92,000,
as compared to an income tax expense of $173,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $166,000 in last fiscal year.
On a segment basis, there
was income tax expense of $81,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $92,000 in the plastic segment for the year ended March 31, 2019,
as compared to income tax expense of $80,000 and a deferred tax benefit of $166,000 during the last fiscal year. The income tax
expense of the electronic segment was $155,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $93,000 in fiscal 2018.
Net Income –
The Company had net income of $4,273,000 for the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to a net income of $6,190,000 for the year
ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in net income was mainly the result of an increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales,
as well as decreases in other and non-operating income as described above.
Net income for the plastic
segment for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3,697,000, as compared to net income of $5,490,000 for fiscal 2018. The decrease
in net income in the plastic segment was mainly due to an increase in SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales, as well as decreases
in other income as described above.
Net income for the electronic
segment for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $1,922,000, as compared to net income of $1,955,000 for fiscal 2018. The decrease
in net income in the electronic segment was mainly attributable to decrease in non-operating income, offsetting increases in gross
profit and other income as described above.
Seasonality
The following table
sets forth certain unaudited financial information sequentially on a semi-annual basis for the each of the years ending March 31,
2018, March 31, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (in thousands):
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
H1
|
|
H2
|
|
H1
|
|
H2
|
|
H1
|
|
H2
|
Net sales
|
|
$ 29,759
|
|
$ 30,908
|
|
$ 34,795
|
|
$ 31,786
|
|
$ 37,713
|
|
$ 27,655
|
Gross profit
|
|
5,821
|
|
3,893
|
|
4,790
|
|
5,480
|
|
6,544
|
|
5,320
|
Operating income
|
|
1,585
|
|
217
|
|
250
|
|
283
|
|
1,156
|
|
257
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
3,669
|
|
2,521
|
|
2,757
|
|
1,516
|
|
1,249
|
|
(2,569)
|
Impact
of Inflation
Historically, the Company
focused upon increasing transaction volume in order to compensate for inflation in China, where virtually all of the Company’s
assets and employees are located and inflation in China had little impact on Deswell. However, inflation in China has recently
affected the Company significantly.
The inflation rate
in China fell to 2.4% year-on-year in May of 2020. However, the Company’s actual cost of operations has significantly exceeded
the overall inflation rate in China. The rapid growth of China’s economy in general has in the past few years increased the
Company’s operating costs, including energy prices and labor costs. These increased costs have adversely affected the Company’s
cost of operations, caused the Company to increase its prices, and resulted in the loss of some customers.
There is no fixed minimum
wage which is applicable to all of China; local governments in China adopt different amounts based on the situation in their area.
China’s Guangdong Province, where our manufacturing facilities are located, raised minimum wages by approximately 20% in
May 2011 and another 19.1% in March 2013. Effective May 1, 2015, minimum wage levels across Guangdong Province, including Dongguan,
where our manufacturing facilities are located, were increased by an average of 15.3%. Effective July 1, 2018, the Guangdong Provincial
Government increased the Province’s statutory minimum wage by around RMB200 per month. The Provincial Government sets different
tiers of minimum wages according to the developmental status of the Province’s urban clusters. In the City of Dongguan, where
our manufacturing facilities are located, the minimum wage remained at RMB1,720 per month since July 2018,
Increases in wages
also result in increases in our and other employer’s contributions for various mandatory social welfare benefits for Chinese
employees that are based on percentages of their salaries. Continuing material increases in our cost of labor will continue to
increase the Company’s operating costs and will adversely affect Deswell’s financial results unless it passes on such
increases to customers by increasing the prices of products and services. The effect of increases in the prices of products and
services would make the Company’s products more expensive in global markets, such as the United States and the European Union.
This could result in the loss of customers, who may seek, and be able to obtain, products and services comparable to those Deswell
offers in lower-cost regions of the world. If the Company does not increase prices to pass on the effect of increases in labor
costs, Deswell’s margins and profitability would suffer.
Because most of the
Company’s labor costs are incurred in China and therefore paid in RMB, Deswell’s business and financial results will
be affected by the exchange rate of RMB to the U.S. dollar, as is discussed in “Exchange Rates” immediately below.
Exchange
Rates
The Company’s
sales are mainly in United States dollars and Hong Kong dollars and its expenses are mainly in United States dollars, Hong Kong
dollars and Chinese RMB.
The Hong Kong dollar
has been pegged to the U.S. dollar at approximately 7.80 and relatively stable. The Hong Kong government may not continue to maintain
the present currency exchange mechanism, which fixes the Hong Kong dollar at approximately 7.80 to each United States dollar and
has not in the past presented a material currency exchange risk. Although announcements by Hong Kong’s central bank indicate
its intention to maintain the currency peg between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, if Hong Kong does change and follows
China to a floating currency system or otherwise changes the exchange rate system of Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars, our margins
and financial results could be adversely affected.
Between 1994 and July
2005, the market and official RMB rates were unified and the value of the RMB was essentially pegged to the U.S. dollar and was
relatively stable. On July 21, 2005, the People’s Bank of China adjusted
the exchange rate of RMB to the U.S. dollar
by linking the RMB to a basket of currencies and simultaneously setting the exchange rate of RMB to U.S. dollars, from 1:8.27,
to a narrow band of around 1:8.11. The following chart illustrates the fluctuations since the July 31, 2005 adjustment of the RMB
to the U.S. dollar by showing the exchange ratio at the end of each of Deswell’s fiscal years from March 31, 2006 to March
31, 2020.
_________
|
(1)
|
RMB (yuan) to U.S. dollar data presented in this chart are the midpoint rates on March 31 of the
year indicated as reported by “Historical Exchange Rates” at http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/.
|
Since 2018 the RMB
has become depreciated against the U.S. dollar, and the Company’s results have benefited from this depreciation rate. However,
over the past 18 months to early 2020, there have been countless back-and-forth negotiations, retaliations and tariff wars between
the United States and China. And, it is predicted that uncertain and unpredicted talks between the two countries will be continued
throughout the rest of 2020.
We did not hedge our
currency risk during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and at March 31, 2020, we had no open forward currency contracts.
We continually review our hedging strategy and there can be no assurance that hedging techniques we may implement will be successful
or will not result in charges to our results of operations.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
For the year ended March
31, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $13,121,000, including net loss of $1,320,000 and depreciation and
amortization expenses of $1,973,000. For the year ended March 31, 2019, net cash provided by operations totaled $2,166,000, including
net income of $4,273,000 and depreciation and amortization expenses of $2,114,000. Accounts receivable decreased by $3,136,000
as compared to balances at March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of a decrease in sales during the fiscal year. Inventories decreased
by $4,026,000 over levels at March 31, 2019, mainly because of relatively lower level of raw materials maintained during the fiscal
year relating to decreased sales turnover. Accounts payable decreased by $1,649,000 over levels at March 31, 2019, primarily because
of the decrease in materials purchases.
Net cash used in investing activities amounted
to $2,656,000 for the year ended March 31, 2020 while net cash used in investing activities in fiscal year 2019 amounted to $1,399,000.
Capital expenditures during these periods totaled $507,000 and $878,000, respectively.
In fiscal year 2020, there
was an increase in fixed deposits over three months of $412,000 and an increase in fixed deposits over twelve months of $1,424,000.
Also during fiscal year 2020, we acquired marketable securities for $2,121,000 and received $1,620,000 in cash proceeds from the
sale of marketable securities.
Net cash used in financing
activities for the year ended March 31, 2020 was $2,322,000, which was mainly used to fund dividend payments to shareholders. Net
cash used in financing activities for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $1,588,000, which was used to fund dividend payments to
shareholders.
As
a consequence of the fixed exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar, interest rates on Hong Kong dollar borrowings
are similar to U.S. interest rates. The current Hong Kong Prime Rate is 5.0% when it was lowered in November 2019 from 5.125% since
September 2018. The rate was remained at 5.0% at March 31, 2018.
At March 31, 2020, the
Company had cash and cash equivalents of $22,514,000. At that date, the Company had no committed credit facilities. The Company
expects that working capital requirements and capital additions will continue to be funded through cash on hand and internally
generated funds. However, the Company may choose to obtain additional debt or equity financing if it believes it to be appropriate
and available on reasonable terms. The Company’s working capital requirements are expected to increase in line with the growth
in the Company’s business.
At March 31, 2020, the
Company had capital commitments totaling approximately $136,000, mainly for leasehold improvements, plant and machineries, and
vehicles, all of which are expected to be disbursed during the year ending March 31, 2021.
A summary of our contractual obligations and
commercial commitments as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:
|
|
Payments due by period (in thousands)
|
Contractual obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
Year ending
March 31,
2021
|
|
Period from
April 1,
2020 to
March 31,
2023
|
|
Period from
April 1,
2022 to
March 31,
2025
|
|
Period After
March 31,
2025
|
Operating lease payments
|
$
|
124
|
|
61
|
|
63
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
Capital commitment
|
$
|
136
|
|
136
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
Other purchase obligations
|
$
|
6,580
|
|
6,580
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
|
Total
|
$
|
6,840
|
$
|
6,777
|
$
|
63
|
$
|
–
|
$
|
–
|
Off
Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not use off-balance
sheet financing arrangements, such as securitization of receivables or obtaining access to assets through special purpose entities.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of
our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues
and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and
assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances. Management believes that our estimates
and assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances; however, actual results may vary from these estimates and assumptions under
different future circumstances. For more information on our significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Part III, Item 18, in this Report.
We have identified
the following most critical accounting policies, that involved a high degree of judgments and estimates, used in the preparation
of our consolidated financial statements:
Revenue recognition
Revenue from contracts
with customers is recognized using the following five steps pursuant ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: (1)
identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction
price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as,
the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Products Sales – the Company recognizes
revenue upon transfer of control of its products to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery. The Company’s main
performance obligation to its customers is the delivery of products in accordance with purchase orders. Each purchase order defines
the transaction price for the products purchased under the arrangement. Acceptance of delivery of the products is evidenced by
goods receipt notes signed by the customer. The Company has no remaining obligations after the customer’s acceptance of the
products.
Under the terms of the
contracts or purchase orders between the Company and the customer, the control of the products is transferred to the customer upon
the signing of the goods receipt notes and the customer has no rights to return the products (other than for defective products).
Some customers examine and pick up the products at our plant while some local customers instruct us to deliver the products to
their plants nearby. Some overseas customers instruct us to deliver the products to the named port of shipment. Delivery of the
products occurs at that point of time
when the control of the products is transferred
to the customer.
The selling price, which
is specified in the purchase orders, is fixed. Under the terms of the purchase orders, upon the sale of the products to the customer
and the signing of the good receipts notes, the Company has the legally enforceable right to receive full payment of the sales
price. The customer’s obligation to pay the Company is not dependent on the customer selling the products or collecting cash
from their customers (or end customers). The customer is required to pay under normal sales terms. The Company’s normal payment
terms range from 30 days to 90 days and its sales arrangements do not have any material financing components. In addition, the
Company’s customer arrangements do not produce contract assets or liabilities that are material to its consolidated financial
statements. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accounts for these actual returns as deduction
from sales. Product returns to the Company were insignificant during past years.
Incremental costs to fulfill
the Company’s customer arrangements are expensed as incurred, as the amortization period is less than one year.
The Company’s sales
are net of value added tax (“VAT”) and business tax and surcharges collected on behalf of tax authorities in respect
of product sales. VAT and business tax and surcharges collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a
liability in the consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the tax authorities.
Outbound Freight and Handling Costs
– the Company accounts for product outbound freight and handling costs as fulfillment activities and present the associated
costs in selling expenses in the period in which it sells the product.
Inventories
Our inventories are
stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods inventories
consist of raw materials, direct labor and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. The Company periodically performs
an analysis of inventory to determine obsolete or slow-moving inventory and determine if its cost exceeds the estimated market
value. Write down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded based on management’s analysis of inventory
levels.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Our long-lived assets
are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying value of these assets may
not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” the Company assesses the recoverability
of the carrying value of long-lived assets by first grouping its long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest
level for which identifiable cash flows largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities (the asset group)
and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with and expected to arise from the use
of and eventual disposition of such asset group. The Company estimates the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life
of the primary asset within the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows,
the Company records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. The Company
determines fair value through quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations of market prices are unavailable, through
the performance of internal analysis using a discounted cash flow methodology. The undiscounted and discounted cash flow analyses
based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the asset will be utilized, projected
future operating results of the asset group, discount rate and long-term growth rate.
Each year, in evaluation
of undiscounted cash flows associated with long-lived assets, the Company assesses whether its long-lived assets at the reporting
date are less than the fair value and the sum of undiscounted cash flows. Based on its assessment, the Company did not impair the
carrying values of long-lived assets for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In fiscal 2020, there were no impairment
charges on the carrying values of long-lived assets based on management’s assessment and review.
Allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company regularly
monitors and assesses the risk of not collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety
of factors including: ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, an analysis of amounts current and
past due along with relevant history and facts particular to the customer. Based upon the results of this analysis, the Company
records an allowance for uncollectible accounts for this risk. This analysis requires the Company to make significant estimates,
and changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts. Unanticipated changes
in the liquidity or financial position of the Company’s customers may require additional provisions for doubtful accounts.
Goodwill
The excess purchase
price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded on the balance sheet as goodwill. The Company adopted Accounting Standards
Codification (“ASC”) No. 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and
Other,” which requires the carrying
value of goodwill to be evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The Company
regularly conducts annual impairment evaluation. The impairment test requires the Company to estimate the fair value of our reporting
units. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is potentially impaired
and the Company proceeds to step two of the impairment analysis. In the second step, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s
goodwill is determined by allocating the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its assets and liabilities other than goodwill
(including any unrecognized intangible assets) in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The resulting implied fair value
of the goodwill that results from the application of the second step is then compared to the carrying amount of the goodwill and
an impairment charge is recorded for the difference. The assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent
with the past performance of each reporting unit and are consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current
operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions.
During fiscal years
2018, 2019 and 2020, there were no impairment charges on goodwill after management’s assessment and review.
Item
6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
Directors
and Senior Management
The directors and
executive officers of the Company at June 30, 2020 are as follows:
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Position(s) with Company
|
Richard Pui Hon Lau
|
|
76
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Directors
|
Edward So Kin Chung
|
|
47
|
|
Chief Executive Officer
|
Chin Pang Li
|
|
75
|
|
Executive Director of Manufacturing and Administration for Plastic Operations and Member of the Board of Directors
|
Hung-Hum Leung
|
|
74
|
|
Non-Executive Director and Member of Audit Committee
|
Allen Yau-Nam Cham
|
|
73
|
|
Non-Executive Director and Chairman of Audit Committee
|
Wing-Ki Hui
|
|
76
|
|
Non-Executive Director and Member of Audit Committee
|
Herman Wong Chi Wah
|
|
42
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Richard Pui Hon
Lau. Mr. Lau served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and its predecessors since
their inception in 1987 until February 2007, at which time he retired as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Lau remains as Chairman of
the Board.
Edward So Kin Chung.
Mr. So has been in the electronic manufacturing industry internationally and in China for more than 21 years and has been with
Deswell for 14 years. He was previously appointed the Managing Director of the electronics division. Previously, Mr. So spent five
years at Peavey Electronics in increasing roles of responsibility and prior to that was employed at HSBC. Mr. So holds a Bachelor’s
degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Hong Kong, and Master’s in Business Administration
from Royal Holloway, University of London.
Chin Pang Li.
Mr. Li has served the Company as a Member of the Board of Directors and in various executive capacities with the Company and its
predecessors since their inception in 1987. He became Secretary of the Company in February 1995 and Chief Financial Officer in
May 1995, a position which he held until March 31, 2006. As Executive Director of Manufacturing and Administration for Plastic
Operations, Mr. Li is in charge of the manufacturing and administrative operations for the Company’s plastic products. Mr.
Li received his Bachelor of Science degree from Chun Yan Institute College, Taiwan in 1967.
Hung-Hum Leung.
Mr. Leung has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since December 1999. Mr. Leung has
over 25 years of experience in the manufacture of electronic products. Mr. Leung was the founder of Sharp Brave Holdings Ltd. (since
2007 known as China Properties Investment Holdings Limited), a Hong Kong public company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange,
and from 1991 to 1995 served as the Chairman of Sharp Brave Holdings Ltd. Since 1995, Mr. Leung has been an independent consultant
to the electronics industry. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the National Taiwan University in 1971.
Allen Yau-Nam Cham.
Mr. Cham has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since August 2003. He has over
20 years of experience in the securities industry. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from St. Mary’s University,
Halifax, Canada, Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical) degree from Nova Scotia Technical College, Halifax, Canada and Master of
Business Administration degree from University of
British Columbia, Canada.
Wing-Ki Hui.
Mr. Hui has been a non-executive director of the Company and member of the Audit Committee since October 2004. Since 1995
he has been the Operation Director of the Electronic Products Division of Tomorrow International Holdings Limited, a company listed
on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange engaged in manufacturing of consumer electronics and printed circuit boards. Prior to serving in
this capacity, Mr. Hui was Executive Director of Sharp Brave International Holdings Limited from 1991 to 1995 and Director of Sharp
Brave Electronics Co., Ltd. from 1984 to 1995. Mr. Hui possesses over 20 years of experience in the electronic manufacturing industry,
and is a graduate of South East Electronic College in Hong Kong.
Herman Wong Chi
Wah. Mr. Wong joined the Company as Chief Financial Officer effective on April 1, 2011. During the 10 years immediately before
joining Deswell, Mr. Wong worked for Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, an international public accounting and auditing firm, where he most
recently served as senior manager. During his tenure at Deloitte Touch Tohmatsu, he worked in an auditing capacity with a variety
of Hong Kong listed companies and multinational corporations as well as working on several initial public offerings for Hong Kong
listed companies. Mr. Wong received his Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
No family relationship
exists among any of the named directors, executive officers or key employees. No arrangement or understanding exists between any
director or officer and any other persons pursuant to which any director or executive officer was elected as a director or executive
officer of the Company, provided that Mr. Lau’s beneficial ownership allows him to determine who is elected as a director
or executive officer of the Company.
There are no arrangements
or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any member of the board of directors
or senior management was selected as a director or member of senior management.
Compensation
of Directors and Executive Officers
Executive Officers
The
amount of compensation (cash benefits) paid by the Company and its subsidiaries was approximately $1,490,000 during the year ended
March 31, 2020 to all directors and to executive officers as a group for services in all service capacities. These amounts exclude
amounts paid by the Company or its subsidiaries as dividends to directors and executive officers in their capacity as shareholders
of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2020.
During the year ended
March 31, 2020, no options to purchase shares of common stock were granted to the Company’s directors and officers.
See the discussion
under “We depend on our executive officers, senior managers and skilled personnel.” in Item
3 “Key Information – Risk Factors” on page 17 of this Report.
Directors
Our policy is to pay
directors who are not employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries $2,000 per month for services as a director, and to reimburse
directors for all reasonable expenses incurred in connection with their services as a director and member of Board committees.
The Board has determined
that Messrs. Hung-Hum Leung, Allen Yau-Nam Cham and Wing-Ki Hui are each “independent” within the meaning of Rule 5605(a)(2)
of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.
Board
Practices
The directors of the
Company are elected at its annual meeting of shareholders and serve until their successors take office or until their death, resignation
or removal. The executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors of the Company.
Audit
Committee
The Audit Committee
meets from time to time to review the financial statements and matters relating to the audit and has full access to management
and the Company’s auditors in this regard. The Audit Committee recommends the engagement or discharge of the Company’s
independent accountants, consults on the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and accounting procedures, and reviews
and approves financial statements and reports. Deswell’s audit committee consists of Messrs. Hung-Hum Leung, Allen Yau-Nam
Cham and Wing-Ki Hui, each of whom is an independent director within the meaning of that term under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ
Marketplace Rules. Mr. Allen Yau-Nam Cham currently acts as the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
Other
Committees; NASDAQ Compliance
Various corporate governance
practices required of public companies with securities listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market are not required of “controlled
companies” such as Deswell. Of the corporate governance practices
required under NASDAQ’s
MarketPlace Rules, Deswell does not have a compensation committee or a nominating
committee consisting of independent directors; does not have a formal written charter addressing the nominations process; does
not have nominees to its board selected or recommended by a majority of its independent directors; and does not have the compensation
of its Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers determined or recommended to the board by a majority of its independent
directors. See “Our exemptions from certain of the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act limits the protections and
information afforded to investors” on page 20 in the Risk Factors section of this Report for a further discussion of how
our SEC reporting and corporate governance practices differ from those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers and U.S. NASDAQ-listed
companies. The reason that Deswell does not have a compensation committee or a nominating committee consisting of independent directors
is that, as a “controlled company,” the Company is not required to have such committees, and nevertheless maintain
the listing of its common shares on the NASDAQ Global Market.
Employees
At March 31, 2020,
the Company employed 1,105 persons on a full-time basis, of which ten were located in Macao and ten were located in or travel to
and from China. Of the Company’s employees in China, at March 31, 2020:
|
·
|
673 were engaged in plastic injection molding manufacturing, and
|
|
·
|
422 were engaged in contract electronic manufacturing.
|
The Company has not
experienced significant labor stoppages. Management believes that relations with the Company’s employees are satisfactory.
Share
and Option Ownership of Directors and Senior Management
For information concerning
the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common shares, including options, by directors and senior management and major
shareholders, see Item 7 of this Report.
Employee
Stock Option Plans
In 1995, the Company
adopted its 1995 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to 1,012,500 common shares to employees,
officers, directors and consultants of the Company. On September 29, 1997, the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders
approved an increase of 549,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the Option Plan bringing to
a total of 1,561,500 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 1995 Stock Option Plan. No shares
remain available for grant under the Company’s 1995 Stock Option Plan.
On August 15, 2001
the Board approved the adoption of the 2001 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to an additional
1,125,000 common shares to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company. On January 7, 2002 shareholders approved
the 2001 plan.
On August 20, 2003,
the Board approved the adoption of the 2003 Stock Option Plan permitting the Company to grant options to purchase up to an additional
900,000 common shares to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. On September 30, 2003 shareholders
approved the 2003 plan. On August 1, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments
to the 2003 Stock Option to increase by 500,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock
Option Plan, bringing to a total of 1,400,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock
Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting
held on September 19, 2005.
On August 17, 2007,
the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option to increase
by 400,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of
1,800,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s
shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on October 9, 2007.
On August 13, 2010,
the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option Plan to increase
by 800,000 shares in the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of
2,600,000 shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s
shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual shareholders’ Meeting held on September 16, 2010.
On August 7, 2013,
the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option Plan to increase
by 900,000 shares the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of 3,500,000
shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders
approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual shareholders’ Meeting held on September 11, 2013.
The Company’s
option plans are administered by the Board of Directors, which determines the terms of
options granted, including the exercise
price, the number of shares subject to the option and the option’s exercisability. The exercise price of all options granted
under the option plans must be at least equal to the fair market value of such shares on the date of grant. The maximum term of
options granted under the option plans is 10 years.
Through
June 30, 2020, options to purchase an aggregate of 5,669,000 shares had been granted under all of Deswell’s option plans.
At June 30, 2020, there were options to purchase an aggregate of 470,000 common shares outstanding, and 1,268,000 shares were available
for future grant under Deswell’s option plans.
Item
7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Major
Shareholders
The Company is not
directly owned or controlled by another corporation or by any foreign government. The following table sets forth, as of June 30,
2020, the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common shares by each person known by the Company to beneficially own 5%
or more of the common shares of the Company and by each of the Directors and Senior Management of the Company who beneficially
own in excess of one percent of the Company’s common shares.
|
|
Shares
beneficially owned (1)
|
Name of beneficial owner or identity of group
|
Amount
|
Percent
|
Richard Pui Hon Lau
|
|
8,824,526
|
(2)
|
54.8
|
Chin Pang Li
|
|
1,625,750
|
(3)
|
10.1
|
Herman Wong Chi Wah
|
|
50,000
|
(4)
|
*
|
Edward So Kin Chung
|
|
50,000
|
(5)
|
*
|
Hung-Hum Leung
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Allen Yau-Nam Cham
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Wing-Ki Hui
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
___________
* Less than 1%.
|
(1)
|
Based on 15,915,239 shares outstanding on June 30, 2020. However, in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d)(1)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, shares not outstanding but which are the subject of currently exercisable options have
been considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding shares owned by the listed person holding
such options, but are not considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of shares owned by any of the other
listed persons.
|
|
(2)
|
Consists of 8,624,526 shares held of record by Mr. Lau and options to purchase 200,000 shares granted
to Mr. Lau under the Company’s stock option plans. Mr. Lau’s options are exercisable at
an exercise price of $2.09 per share, with a term expiring on July 29, 2024.
|
|
(3)
|
Consists of 1,425,750 shares held of record by Mr. Li and options to purchase 200,000 shares granted
to Mr. Li under the Company’s stock option plans. Mr. Li’s options are exercisable at an exercise price of $2.09 per
share, with a term expiring on July 29, 2024.
|
|
(4)
|
Consists of 30,000 shares held of record by Mr. Wong and options to purchase 20,000 shares granted
to Mr. Wong under the Company’s stock option plans. Mr. Wong’s options are exercisable at an exercise price of $2.14
per share, with a term expiring on March 7, 2022.
|
|
(5)
|
Consists of 50,000 shares held of record by Mr. So.
|
Change
in the Percentage Ownership Held by Major Shareholders
The following table
reflects the percentage of beneficial ownership of Deswell’s common shares by its major (five percent or more) shareholders
during the past three years:
|
Percentage
Ownership at June 30,(1)
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Richard
Pui Hon Lau
|
47.0
|
|
51.7
|
|
54.8
|
Chin
Pang Li
|
10.1
|
|
10.1
|
|
10.1
|
____________
|
(1)
|
Based on 15,885,239 shares outstanding at June 30, 2018, 15,915,239 shares outstanding at June
30, 2019, and 15,915,239 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020: In accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) (1) under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, common shares not outstanding at the specified date but which were the subject of options exercisable within 60 days
of the specified date are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding common shares owned
by the listed person holding such options, but are not considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of common
shares owned by any of the other listed persons.
|
All of the holders
of the Company’s common shares (including Deswell’s major shareholders) have equal voting rights with respect to the
common shares held. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 10 holders of record, who,
management believes, held for more than
3,000 beneficial owners, held Deswell’s common shares. According to information supplied to the Company by its transfer agent,
at June 30, 2020, 10 holders of record with addresses in the United States held approximately 12.7 million of our outstanding common
shares.
Related
Party Transactions
Deswell had no transactions
of the kind specified in Item 7.B. of Form 20-F from April 1, 2017 through June 30,
2020, the latest practical date prior to filing of this Annual Report.
It is Deswell’s
policy that all transactions between Deswell and any interested director or executive officer be approved by a majority of the
disinterested directors and be on terms that are no more favorable than would be available from an independent third party.
Item
8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Financial
Statements
Our Consolidated Financial
Statements are set forth under Item 18 “Financial Statements.”
Legal
Proceedings
The Company is not
involved in any material legal proceedings.
Export
Sales
Information regarding
our export sales is provided in Item 4 “Information on the Company –
Business Overview – Customers and Marketing.”
Dividend
Policy
The Company declared
and paid dividends during the year ended March 31,
|
·
|
2018 aggregating $1,111,967 which was based on results for the last six months of the year ended
March 31, 2017;
|
|
·
|
2019 aggregating $1,588,524, $635,410 of which was based on results for the last six months of
the year ended March 31, 2018; and $953,114 of which was based on results of the first six months of the year ended March 31, 2019.
|
|
·
|
2020 aggregating $2,387,386, $1,114,067 of which was based on results for the last six months of
the year ended March 31, 2019; and $1,273,219 of which was based on results of the first six months of the year ended March 31,
2020.
|
The Company declared
a dividend of $0.04 on June 12, 2018, which was based on the results of the last six months of the year ended March 31, 2018. The
dividend was paid on July 12, 2018.
The Company declared
a dividend of $0.06 on November 15, 2018, which was based on the results of the first six months of the year ended March 31, 2019.
The dividend was paid on December 18, 2018.
The Company declared
a dividend of $0.07 on June 10, 2019, which was based on the results of the last six months of the year ended March 31, 2019. The
dividend was paid on July 12, 2019.
The Company declared
a dividend of $0.08 on November 15, 2019, which was based on the results of the first six months of the year ended March 31, 2020.
The dividend was paid on December 13, 2019.
The Company declared
a dividend of $0.09 on June 11, 2020, which was based on the results of the last six months of the year ended March 31, 2020.
The dividend was paid on July 10, 2020.
The Company’s
financial results are released semi-annually. The Company expects to pay cash dividends on a semi-annual basis based on the Company’s
six-month results. Whether future dividends will be declared will depend upon the Company’s future growth and earnings, of
which there can be no assurance, and the Company’s cash flow needs for future development, which growth, earning or cash
flow needs may be adversely affected by one or more of the factors discussed in Item
3 “Key Information — Risk Factors.” Accordingly, there can be no assurance that future cash dividends on the
Company’s common shares will be declared, what the amounts of such dividends will be or whether such dividends, once declared
for a specific period will continue for any future period or at all.
Item
9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
The Company’s
shares are traded exclusively on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “DSWL.”
The following chart
shows the annual high and low market prices as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market for each of Deswell’s fiscal years in
the five-year period ended March 31, 2020:
The following chart
shows the high and low market prices as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market for each of the quarters in the two-year period ended
March 31, 2020 and for the quarter ended June 30, 2020:
The
following chart shows the high and low market prices as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market during each of the months in the six-month
period ended June 30, 2020:
Item
10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Memorandum
and Articles of Association
Effective December
13, 2007, we amended and restated our Memorandum and Articles of Association (collectively the “2007 Charter”), the
instruments governing a company organized under the law of the BVI, which are comparable in purpose and effect to certificates
or articles of incorporation and bylaws of corporations organized in a state of the United States.
Effective March 26,
2010, we amended Regulation 6.15 of our Articles of Association to reduce the number of our outstanding common shares that must
be present in person or by proxy in order to hold any meeting of shareholders from no less than 50 percent to no less than 33⅓
percent and on March 30, 2010 an amended and restated Memorandum and Articles of Association was registered which incorporated
the March 26, 2010 amendment into a restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Under our 2007 Charter,
as amended through March 26, 2010 and applicable to the date of this Report (“our Charter”):
|
·
|
our shares are eligible for a direct registration system operated by a securities depository in
accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 5210(c) (formerly Rule 4350(1)).
|
|
·
|
various consequential amendments were made to our Memorandum and Articles of Association in accordance
with the advice from our U.S. and BVI counsel so as to (a) be consistent with the BVI BC Act, the BVI BC Act having come into force
on January 1, 2004 superseding in certain respects the IBC Act, the relevant legislation which had previously governed us and (b)
to make conforming changes resulting from the transition of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s operations on August 1, 2006 to that
of a national securities exchange in the United States.
|
|
·
|
certain special provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association that we adopted in preparation
for our initial public offering of securities in the United States.
|
|
·
|
provisions were added in recognition of, and to assure compliance with, certain laws, rules and
regulations of
|
the United States applicable
to us, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market.
|
§
|
are entitled to one vote for each whole share on all matters to be voted upon by shareholders,
including the election of directors.
|
|
§
|
do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.
|
|
§
|
are entitled to receive dividends if and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally
available under BVI law.
|
|
§
|
all of common shares are equal to each other with respect to liquidation and dividend rights.
|
|
§
|
in the event of our liquidation, all assets available for distribution to the holders of our common
shares are distributable among them according to their respective holdings.
|
Objects and Purposes
Our objects and purposes
are described in Clause 5 of our Memorandum of Association and are generally to engage in any act or activity that is not prohibited
under the laws of the BVI.
Directors
Regulation 12.4 of
our Articles of Association provides that except as otherwise provided in the BVI BC Act – the BVI corporate law that governs
BVI companies like Deswell – no agreement or transaction between the Company and one or more of its directors or any person
in which any director has a financial interest or to whom any director is related, including as a director of that other person,
is void or voidable for this reason only or by reason only that the director is present at the meeting of directors or at the meeting
of the committee of directors that approves the agreement or transaction or that the vote or consent of the director is counted
for that purpose if the material facts of the interest of each director in the agreement or transaction and his interest in or
relationship to any other party to the agreement or transaction are disclosed in good faith or are known by the other directors
and such agreement or transaction has been approved by the irrevocable vote of a majority of the Company’s directors, including
at least one Independent Director. In addition, the favorable vote of a majority of the directors, including at least one Independent
Director, shall be required to approve any transaction or agreement between the Company and any officer of the Company or any person
or entity holding ten percent or more of the outstanding Shares.
Our Articles of Association
(Regulation 7.11) provide that the directors may by a resolution of directors, fix the emoluments of directors with respect to
services to be rendered in any capacity to the Company.
BVI law and our Articles
of Association provide that the management of the business and the control of Deswell shall be vested in the directors, who in
addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred by the Articles of Association, may also exercise all such powers, and
do all such acts and things, as may be done by Deswell and are not by the Articles of Association or BVI law expressly directed
or required to be exercised or done by a meeting of shareholders. Our Articles of Association provide that the directors may by
resolution exercise all the powers of Deswell to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertakings and property or any part
thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability
or obligation of Deswell or of any third party.
BVI law and our Memorandum
and Articles of Association do not contain an age limit requirement for our directors. Under our Articles of Association, no shares
are required for director’s qualification.
Rights, Preferences and Restrictions
of Authorized and Outstanding Shares and Changes to Rights of Shareholders
Deswell has one class
and series of shares authorized or outstanding: common shares, no par value per share. Our authorized capital consists of 30,000,000
common shares, no par value per share, of which 15,915,239 common shares were outstanding on June 30, 2020.
Holders of our common
shares are entitled to one vote for each whole share on all matters to be voted upon by shareholders, including the election of
directors. Holders of our common shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. All of our common shares
are equal to each other with respect to liquidation and dividend rights. Holders of our common shares are entitled to receive dividends
if and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available under BVI law. In the event of our liquidation, all
assets available for distribution to the holders of our common shares are distributable among them according to their respective
holdings. Holders of our common shares have no preemptive rights to purchase any additional, unissued common shares. There are
no provisions of the Articles of Association or Memorandum that impose conditions with respect to changes in Deswell capital that
are more stringent than is required by applicable law.
Calling Annual General Meetings
and Extraordinary General Meetings of Shareholders
BVI law does not require
a company, such as Deswell, to have an annual meeting. Our Articles of Association
do, however, require an annual meeting
of shareholders for the election of directors and for such other business as may come before the meeting (Regulation 6.3).
Under BVI law, unless
otherwise provided by a company’s Memorandum or Articles of Association, the directors may call meetings of shareholders
at any time (Regulation 6.1) and, upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise ten percent or more of the voting
rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested, the directors shall convene a meeting of shareholders (Regulation
6.2).
BVI law and our Articles
of Association state that the directors may fix the date that notice is given of a meeting of shareholders, whether extraordinary
or annual, as the record date for determining those shares that are entitled to vote at the meeting (Regulation 6.5).
BVI law and our Articles
of Association provide that notice of all meetings of shareholders, stating the time, place and purposes thereof, shall be given
not fewer than seven days before the date of the proposed meeting to those persons whose names appear as shareholders in our share
register on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting (Regulation 6.8).
Limitations on Share Ownership
BVI law and our Memorandum
and Articles of Association do not impose any limitations on the right of anyone to own, hold or exercise voting rights to our
common shares.
Potential Anti-Takeover Deterrence
Neither our Memorandum
nor Articles of Association contain provisions that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control
of Deswell and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Deswell or any
of its subsidiaries. However, pursuant to our Memorandum and Articles of Association and pursuant to the laws of the BVI, our board
of directors without shareholder approval may amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association, which could have the effect of
changing the rights of shareholders, provided that a majority of our independent directors do not vote against the amendment and
provided further that our directors may not make an amendment:
(a) to restrict the
rights or powers of the shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;
(b) to change
the percentage of shareholders required to pass a Resolution of Shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;
(c) where the Memorandum
or the Articles cannot be amended by the Shareholders;
(d) change Clause 7
of our Articles of Association conferring the rights of our shareholders to one vote per share, the right to equal share in dividend
paid by the company, or to surplus assets on liquidation; or
(e) change
Clause 9 of our Articles of Association which sets forth rights of our shareholders and directors to amend our Memorandum and Articles
of Association.
Our directors’
ability to amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association, without shareholder approval in certain circumstances, could have
the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Deswell, including a tender offer to purchase our common
shares at a premium over the then current market price.
Ownership Information
Neither our Memorandum
nor Articles of Association provide that information about our shareholders, even those owning significant percentages of our shares,
must be disclosed publicly.
Differences from United States
Law
The laws of the BVI
governing the provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association discussed above are not significantly different than the
laws governing similar provisions in the charter documents of Delaware companies, other than with respect to amending our Memorandum
and Articles of Association without shareholder approval and with respect to potential anti-takeover deterrence. Delaware law requires
shareholders to approve amendments to a corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, with limited exceptions, and contains
provisions restricting the rights of a Delaware corporation with a class of voting stock listed on a national exchange or held
of record by more than 2,000 stockholders to engage in a business combination with an “interested stockholder” for
a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless the business
combination is approved in the manner prescribed under Delaware law.
Material
Contracts
During the two years
immediately preceding the filing of this Report, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries entered into any material contract,
other than contracts in the ordinary course of business.
United
States Federal Income Tax Consequences
The discussion below
is for general information only and is not, and should not be interpreted to be, tax advice to any holder of our common shares.
Each holder or a prospective holder of our common shares is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor.
General
This section is a general
summary of the material United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders, as defined below, of the ownership and disposition
of our common shares as of the date of this Report. This summary is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, or the Code, the applicable Treasury regulations promulgated and proposed thereunder, judicial decisions and current
administrative rulings and practice, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. The summary applies to
you only if you hold our common shares as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. In addition, this summary
generally addresses certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders if we were to be classified as a PFIC. The United
States Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, may challenge the tax consequences described below, and we have not requested, nor
will we request, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences
of acquiring, holding or disposing of our common shares. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all
the tax considerations that may be relevant to the ownership of our common shares. In particular, the discussion below does not
cover tax consequences that depend upon your particular tax circumstances nor does it cover any state, local or foreign law, or
the possible application of the United States federal estate or gift tax. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors regarding
the application of the United States federal income tax laws to your particular situation as well as any state, local, foreign
and United States federal estate and gift tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the common shares. In addition,
this summary does not take into account any special United States federal income tax rules that apply to a particular U.S. or Non-U.S.
holder of our common shares, including, without limitation, the following:
|
·
|
a dealer in securities or currencies;
|
|
·
|
a trader in securities that elects to use a market-to-market method of accounting for its securities
holdings;
|
|
·
|
a financial institution or a bank;
|
|
·
|
a tax-exempt organization;
|
|
·
|
a person that holds our common shares in a hedging transaction or as part of a straddle or a conversion
transaction;
|
|
·
|
a person whose functional currency for United States federal income tax purposes is not the U.S.
dollar;
|
|
·
|
a person liable for alternative minimum tax;
|
|
·
|
a person that owns, or is treated as owning, 10% or more, by voting power or value, of our common
shares;
|
|
·
|
certain former U.S. citizens and residents who have expatriated; or
|
|
·
|
a person who receives our shares pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise
as compensation.
|
U.S. Holders
For purposes of the discussion
below, you are a “U.S. Holder” if you are a beneficial owner of our common shares who or which is:
|
·
|
an individual United States citizen or resident alien of the United States (as specifically defined
for United States federal income tax purposes);
|
|
·
|
a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes,
created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State or the District of Columbia;
|
|
·
|
an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source;
or
|
|
·
|
a trust (x) if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration
and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) if it was in existence
on August 20, 1996, was treated as a United States person prior to that date and has a valid election in effect under applicable
Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
|
If a partnership, or
other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the tax treatment
of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the
activities of the partnership. If you are
a partner of a partnership holding our common shares, you should consult your tax advisor.
Passive
Foreign Investment Company (PFIC)
A U.S. Holder generally
will be subject to a special tax regime if we are a PFIC at any time during which such Holder has held our shares.
A foreign corporation
will be treated as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect
to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, 75% or more of its gross income consists of certain types of passive income (the
“income test”) or 50% or more of the gross value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the
assets during such year) is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income
(the “asset test”). For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other
than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive
income. An actual determination of PFIC status is factual in nature and cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year.
The legislative history
of the PFIC provisions states that Congress intended that “[i]n applying the PFIC asset test ….., the total value
of a publicly-traded foreign corporation’s assets generally will be treated as equal to the sum of the aggregate value of
its outstanding stock plus its liabilities.” We do not believe there are currently any rules that provide further guidance
on this issue. Therefore, based on the average ratio of our passive assets to our market cap plus our current liabilities (“Market
Cap Value”) at the end of each quarter (“Testing Quarter”) of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, we are a
PFIC. We have not conducted an appraisal of the fair market value of all of our assets, including our plant and equipment. However,
in the absence of specific guidance, it is at best unclear that such an appraisal, even if it resulted in a fair market value in
excess of our market cap, would satisfy the IRS as to our PFIC status.
As a result of the
classification as a PFIC, a special tax regime will apply to both (a) any “excess distribution” by us (generally, the
U.S. Holder’s ratable share of distributions in any year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received
by such U.S. Holder in the three preceding years or its holding period, if shorter) and (b) any gain recognized on the sale or
other disposition of your common shares. Under the PFIC regime, any excess distribution and recognized gain will be treated as
ordinary income. The U.S. federal income tax on such ordinary income is determined under the following steps: (i) the amount of
the excess distribution or gain is allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for our common shares; (ii) tax
is determined for amounts allocated to the first year in the holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC and all subsequent
years (except the year in which the excess distribution was received or the sale occurred) by applying the highest applicable tax
rate in effect in the year to which the income was allocated; (iii) an interest charge is added to this tax calculated by applying
the underpayment interest rate to the tax for each year determined under the preceding sentence from the due date of the income
tax return for such year to the due date of the return for the year in which the excess distribution or sale occurs; and (iv) amounts
allocated to a year prior to the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC or
to the year in which the excess distribution or the disposition occurred are taxed as ordinary income and no interest charge applies.
The interest charge is non-deductible by individuals but is generally deductible by corporations
Under certain attribution
rules, if we are a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of our direct or indirect equity
interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a ’’Subsidiary PFIC’’), and will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any “excess distributions,” as described below, on the stock of a Subsidiary
PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by us or another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if
such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income
tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of our common shares held by such
U.S. Holders. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax even if no distributions are received
and no redemptions or other dispositions of our common shares held by them are made.
A U.S. Holder may generally
avoid the PFIC regime by making a “qualified electing fund” election which generally provides that, in lieu of the
foregoing treatment, our earnings, on a pro rata basis, would be currently included in their gross income. However, we may be unable
or unwilling to provide information to our U.S. Holders that would enable them to make a “qualified electing fund”
election; thus, such election may not be available.
In addition, U.S. Holders
may generally avoid the PFIC regime by making the “mark-to-market” election with respect to our common shares as long
as we are a PFIC and our common shares are considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market within the United
States. “Mark-to-market,” in this context, means including in ordinary income each taxable year the excess, if any,
of the fair market value of our common shares over your tax adjusted basis in such common shares as of the end of each year. This
“mark-to-market” election generally enables a U.S. Holder to avoid the deferred tax amount or interest charge that
would otherwise be imposed on them if we were to be classified as a PFIC. However, if we are a PFIC, a mark-to-market election
would not be available with respect to stock of a Subsidiary PFIC.
If we are treated as
a PFIC at any time that you hold our shares but cease to be classified as a PFIC in a later year, we will continue to be classified
as a PFIC with respect to you unless you make a deemed sale election in a timely manner to be taxed as if you sold your shares
on the last day of our last year during which we were treated as a PFIC. In this case, you would pay tax on the gain on the deemed
sale treated as ordinary income and an interest charge, and no loss will be allowed to you. A timely deemed sale election can also
be made with respect to any of our Subsidiary PFIC, in which case you will be taxed on the amount of gain treated as ordinary income
and pay an interest charge as if the stock of such subsidiary had been actually sold or disposed of by us while we were a PFIC
and you held our shares. If we subsequently become a PFIC, you will again be subject to the general PFIC rules discussed herein.
If we are treated as
a PFIC, each U.S. Holder will be required to make an annual return on IRS Form 8621 (unless a de minimis exception applies)
or its successor, reporting, among other things, distributions received and gain realized with respect to each PFIC in which such
holder holds a direct or indirect interest, and may be required to provide other information as specified by the IRS.
An actual determination
of PFIC status is highly factual in nature. Given the complexity of the issues that may result if we are classified as or become
a PFIC, you are urged to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to you, including any reporting obligations
that may be imposed on you, in the event that this should occur, in view of your particular circumstances.
In addition, individuals,
estates and certain trusts whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net
investment income” including interest, dividends and capital gains. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors
regarding the effect, if any, of such tax on their ownership and disposition of our shares.
Non-U.S. Holders
If you are not a U.S.
Holder, you are a “Non-U.S. Holder.”
Distributions
on Our Common Shares
You generally will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on distributions made on our common shares unless:
|
·
|
you conduct a trade or business in the United States and
|
|
·
|
the distributions are effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if
an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for you to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis
in respect of income from our common shares, such distributions are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain
in the United States).
|
If you meet the two
tests above, you generally will be subject to tax in respect of such dividends in the same manner as a U.S. Holder as described
above (other than with respect to the Medicare tax described above). In addition, any effectively connected dividends received
by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at
a 30 percent rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Sale,
Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares
Generally, you will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, in respect of gain recognized on a sale or other taxable
disposition of our common shares unless:
|
·
|
your gain is effectively connected with a trade or business that you conduct in the United States
(and, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for you to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income
basis in respect of gain from the sale or other disposition of our common shares, such gain is attributable to a permanent establishment
maintained by you in the United States), or
|
|
·
|
you are an individual Non-U.S. Holder and are present in the United States for at least 183 days
in the taxable year of the sale or other disposition, and certain other conditions exist.
|
You will be subject
to tax in respect of any gain effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States generally in
the same manner as a U.S. Holder as described above (other than with respect to the Medicare tax described above). Effectively
connected gains realized by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch
profits tax” at a rate of 30 percent or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
Backup
Withholding and Information Reporting
Payments, including
dividends and proceeds of sales, in respect of our common shares that are made in the United States or by a United States related
financial intermediary will be subject to United States information reporting rules. In addition, such payments may be subject
to United States federal backup withholding tax. You will not be
subject to backup withholding provided
that:
|
·
|
you are a corporation or other exempt recipient, or
|
|
·
|
you provide your correct United States federal taxpayer identification number and certify, under
penalties of perjury, that you are not subject to backup withholding.
|
Amounts withheld under
the backup withholding rules may be credited against your United States federal income tax, and you may obtain a refund of any
excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS in a timely
manner.
British
Virgin Islands Tax Consequences
Under the BVI BC Act
of the BVI as currently in effect, a holder of common equity, such as our shares, who is not a resident of the BVI is exempt from
BVI income tax on dividends paid with respect to the common equity and all holders of common equity are not liable to the BVI for
income tax or capital gains tax on gains realized on sale or disposal of such shares. The BVI does not impose a withholding tax
on dividends paid by a company incorporated under the BVI BC Act.
There are no capital
gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the BVI on companies, like the Company, which were originally incorporated under the
IBCA Act. In addition, our common shares are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges. There is no income
tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.
Documents
on Display
Deswell is subject
to the information requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and, in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, Deswell files annual reports on Form 20-F within four months of its fiscal year end, and submits other reports and information
under cover of Form 6-K with the SEC. You may read and copy this information at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F
Street, NE, Washington DC, 20549. Recent filings and reports are also available free of charge though the EDGAR electronic filing
system at http://www.sec.gov. You can also request copies of the documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the
public reference section of the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public
reference room or accessing documents through EDGAR.
As a foreign private
issuer, Deswell is exempt from the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy
statements to shareholders.
Exchange
Controls
There are no exchange
control restrictions on payments of dividends on the Company’s common shares or on the conduct of the Company’s operations
either in Macao, where the Company’s principal executive offices are located, or the BVI, where the Company is incorporated.
Other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts operations may have various exchange controls. There are no material BVI laws
which impose foreign exchange controls on the Company or that affect the payment of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident
holders of the Company’s common shares. BVI law and the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association impose no
limitations on the right of nonresident or foreign owners to hold the Company’s Securities or vote the Company’s common
shares.
To the extent that
the Company may decide to pay cash dividends in the future, such dividends will be determined by resolution of the directors of
the Company. The directors may authorize a distribution by way of a dividend at a time and of an amount they think fit if they
are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the distribution, the value of the Company’s assets will exceed
its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due (i.e. a balance sheet and cash flow test). As the
Company is a holding company, the amount available for distribution will be limited by the amount of dividends that can be declared
and paid to it by its subsidiaries. Dividends declared by subsidiaries will be based on the profits reported in their statutory
accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the relevant countries, primarily Macao and China,
which differ from U.S. GAAP. To date these controls, with the exception of a requirement that 10% of profits to be reserved for
future developments and staff welfare in China, have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s
financial results.
Item
11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign
Currency Risk
At March 31, 2018,
2019 and 2020, the Company had no open forward exchange contracts or option contracts. Cash and cash equivalents on hand at March
31, 2020 of $22,514,000 were held in the following currencies:
|
|
Equivalent
U.S.
Dollar
Holdings
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
United
States dollars
|
$
|
7,665
|
Chinese
RMB
|
|
8,604
|
Hong
Kong dollars
|
|
6,057
|
Macao
dollars
|
|
158
|
Euro
|
|
2
|
Japanese
yen
|
|
24
|
Pound
sterling
|
|
1
|
Others
|
|
3
|
|
$
|
22,514
|
See discussion of
Exchange Rate Fluctuation in Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
Interest
Rate Risk
Our interest expenses
and income are sensitive to changes in interest rates, as all of our cash reserves and borrowings are subject to interest rate
changes. Cash on hand of $783,000 as of March 31, 2020 was invested in short-term interest bearing investments. As such, interest
income will fluctuate with changes in short term interest rates. As of March 31, 2020, we had neither long-term debt nor short-term
bank loans outstanding on our credit facilities.
Item
12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Disclosures under Items
12A to 12D(2) of Form 20-F with respect to debt securities, warrants and rights, other securities, and American depository shares
are not required when Form 20-F is used as an annual report and, in any event, are not applicable to Deswell. Disclosures under
Items 12D(3) and 12D(4) of Form 20-F are required even when Form 20-F is used as
an annual report. Deswell has no American Depositary Receipts deposited or outstanding.
PART
III
Item
17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not Applicable to Deswell.
Item
18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial
statements are filed as part of this Report:
|
Page
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm –
BDO China Shu
Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
|
F-1
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
F-2
|
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
F-3
|
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
|
F-4
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
F-5
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-6
|
All other schedules
for which provisions are made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission are not required
under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Shareholders
and Board of Directors of
Deswell
Industries, Inc.
Opinion
on Consolidated Financial Statements
We
have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Deswell Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”)
as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity,
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to
as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations,
and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.
Basis
for Opinion
These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether
due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting
but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis,
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the
consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP
We
have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
Shenzhen,
People’s Republic of China
July
17, 2020
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$14,371
|
|
|
$22,514
|
|
Time deposits maturing over three months
|
|
371
|
|
|
783
|
|
Marketable securities (note 3)
|
|
24,446
|
|
|
19,441
|
|
Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $658 and $954 at March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively
|
|
15,734
|
|
|
12,301
|
|
Inventories (note 4)
|
|
13,030
|
|
|
8,578
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (note 5)
|
|
2,006
|
|
|
1,752
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
69,958
|
|
|
65,369
|
|
Property, plant and equipment, net (note 6)
|
|
30,211
|
|
|
28,586
|
|
Goodwill (note 2)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Time deposits maturing over twelve months
|
|
—
|
|
|
1,424
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$100,169
|
|
|
$95,379
|
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$6,253
|
|
|
$4,604
|
|
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
|
|
5,676
|
|
|
6,077
|
|
Customer deposits
|
|
1,298
|
|
|
1,172
|
|
Other accrued liabilities (note 7)
|
|
1,662
|
|
|
1,718
|
|
Income taxes payable
|
|
657
|
|
|
735
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
$15,546
|
|
|
$14,306
|
|
Deferred income tax liabilities (note 8)
|
|
659
|
|
|
751
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
$16,205
|
|
|
$15,057
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (note 10)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common shares nil par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; 17,031,810 and 17,061,810 shares issued as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively; 15,885,239 and 15,915,239 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively
|
|
$53,063
|
|
|
$53,143
|
|
Treasury stock at cost; 1,146,571 shares as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 (note 12)
|
|
(2,821
|
)
|
|
(2,821
|
)
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
8,005
|
|
|
7,989
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
5,316
|
|
|
5,316
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
20,401
|
|
|
16,695
|
|
Total shareholders’ equity
|
|
83,964
|
|
|
80,322
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
|
$100,169
|
|
|
95,379
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements.
DESWELL INDUSTRIES,
INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(U.S. dollars in thousands,
except per share data)
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Net sales
|
|
$60,667
|
|
|
$66,581
|
|
|
$65,368
|
|
Cost of sales
|
|
50,953
|
|
|
56,311
|
|
|
53,504
|
|
Gross profit
|
|
9,714
|
|
|
10,270
|
|
|
11,864
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses
|
|
8,806
|
|
|
9,459
|
|
|
10,026
|
|
Other income (expenses), net (note 13)
|
|
894
|
|
|
(278
|
)
|
|
(425
|
)
|
Operating income
|
|
1,802
|
|
|
533
|
|
|
1,413
|
|
Non-operating income (expenses), net (note 14)
|
|
4,395
|
|
|
3,884
|
|
|
(2,360
|
)
|
Income (loss), before income taxes
|
|
6,197
|
|
|
4,417
|
|
|
(947
|
)
|
Income taxes (note 8)
|
|
7
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
373
|
|
Net income (loss) attribute to Deswell Industries, Inc.
|
|
6,190
|
|
|
4,273
|
|
|
(1,320
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc.
|
|
$6,190
|
|
|
$4,273
|
|
|
$(1,320
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. (note 2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic: Net income (loss) per share
|
|
$0.39
|
|
|
$0.27
|
|
|
$(0.08
|
)
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding (shares in thousands)
|
|
15,885
|
|
|
15,885
|
|
|
15,914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted: Net income (loss) per share
|
|
$0.39
|
|
|
$0.27
|
|
|
$(0.08
|
)
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding (shares in thousands)
|
|
15,985
|
|
|
16,059
|
|
|
15,914
|
|
DESWELL INDUSTRIES,
INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(U.S. dollars in thousands,
except per share data)
|
|
Common stock
|
|
Treasury Stock
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Amount
|
|
Shares
|
|
Amount
|
|
Additional
paid-in
capital
|
|
other
comprehensive
income
|
|
Retained
earnings
|
|
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
|
Balance at March 31, 2017
|
|
17,031,810
|
|
|
$53,063
|
|
|
(1,146,571
|
)
|
|
$(2,821
|
)
|
|
$8,005
|
|
|
$5,316
|
|
|
$12,638
|
|
|
$76,201
|
|
Net income
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
6,190
|
|
|
6,190
|
|
Dividends ($0.07 per share)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,112
|
)
|
|
(1,112
|
)
|
Balance at March 31, 2018
|
|
17,031,810
|
|
|
$53,063
|
|
|
(1,146,571
|
)
|
|
$(2,821
|
)
|
|
$8,005
|
|
|
$5,316
|
|
|
$17,716
|
|
|
$81,279
|
|
Net income
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
4,273
|
|
|
4,273
|
|
Dividends ($0.1 per share)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
Balance at March 31, 2019
|
|
17,031,810
|
|
|
$53,063
|
|
|
(1,146,571
|
)
|
|
$(2,821
|
)
|
|
$8,005
|
|
|
$5,316
|
|
|
$20,401
|
|
|
$83,964
|
|
Exercise of stock options
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
64
|
|
Net loss
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(1,320
|
)
|
|
(1,320
|
)
|
Dividends ($0.15 per share)
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
(2,386
|
)
|
|
(2,386
|
)
|
Balance at March 31, 2020
|
|
17,061,810
|
|
|
$53,143
|
|
|
(1,146,571
|
)
|
|
$(2,821
|
)
|
|
$7,989
|
|
|
$5,316
|
|
|
$16,695
|
|
|
$80,322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements.
DESWELL INDUSTRIES,
INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$6,190
|
|
|
$4,273
|
|
|
$(1,320
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
2,138
|
|
|
2,114
|
|
|
1,973
|
|
Reversal of (provision for) doubtful accounts, net
|
|
(674
|
)
|
|
403
|
|
|
297
|
|
Additional charges for obsolescence allowance of inventories, net
|
|
296
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
426
|
|
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
|
|
61
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
(29
|
)
|
Unrealized holding (gain) loss on marketable securities
|
|
(1,401
|
)
|
|
(891
|
)
|
|
5,179
|
|
Gain on sales of marketable securities
|
|
(609
|
)
|
|
(746
|
)
|
|
(29
|
)
|
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense
|
|
(114
|
)
|
|
(116
|
)
|
|
92
|
|
Scrip dividend received
|
|
(168
|
)
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
(175
|
)
|
Exchange loss arising from marketable securities
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
531
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
(2,079
|
)
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
3,136
|
|
Inventories
|
|
(2,541
|
)
|
|
(353
|
)
|
|
4,026
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
|
152
|
|
|
261
|
|
|
254
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
3,444
|
|
|
(2,343
|
)
|
|
(1,649
|
)
|
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
|
|
923
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
401
|
|
Customer deposits
|
|
(445
|
)
|
|
(409
|
)
|
|
(126
|
)
|
Other accrued liabilities
|
|
399
|
|
|
(211
|
)
|
|
56
|
|
Income taxes payable
|
|
127
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
78
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
5,699
|
|
|
2,166
|
|
|
13,121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
|
|
(1,707
|
)
|
|
(878
|
)
|
|
(507
|
)
|
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, net of transaction costs
|
|
6
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
188
|
|
Purchase of marketable securities
|
|
(5,357
|
)
|
|
(12,704
|
)
|
|
(2,121
|
)
|
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities
|
|
6,580
|
|
|
7,210
|
|
|
1,620
|
|
Withdrawal (increase) of fixed deposits maturing over three months
|
|
3,232
|
|
|
1,819
|
|
|
(412
|
)
|
(Increase) withdrawal of fixed deposits maturing over twelve months
|
|
(227
|
)
|
|
3,129
|
|
|
(1,424
|
)
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
2,527
|
|
|
(1,399
|
)
|
|
(2,656
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid
|
|
(1,112
|
)
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
|
(2,386
|
)
|
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
|
|
-
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
64
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
|
(1,112
|
)
|
|
(1,588
|
)
|
|
(2,322
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
7,114
|
|
|
(821
|
)
|
|
8,143
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
|
|
8,078
|
|
|
15,192
|
|
|
14,371
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
|
|
$15,192
|
|
|
$14,371
|
|
|
$22,514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplementary disclosures of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the year for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$-
|
|
|
$-
|
|
|
$-
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
$85
|
|
|
$149
|
|
|
$160
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
statements.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(All amounts in thousands, except share and
per share data, unless otherwise stated)
1. Organization and Basis of Financial Statements
Deswell Industries, Inc.
was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on December 2, 1993.
The principal activities
of the Company comprise the manufacturing and sales of injection-molded plastic parts and components and electronic products assembling.
The manufacturing activities are subcontracted to subsidiaries operating in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”).
The selling and administrative activities were originally performed in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong
Kong”) of the PRC. From August 2003, these activities were moved to the Macao Special Administrative Region (“Macao”)
of the PRC.
As the Company is a holding company, the
amount of any dividends to be declared by the Company will be dependent upon the amount which can be distributed from its subsidiaries.
Dividends from subsidiaries are declared based on profits as reported in their statutory accounts.
COVID-19 Considerations
In December 2019,
a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. The coronavirus, or 2019-nCoV, currently appears
to be spreading at a fast rate, indicating its highly contagious nature. The coronavirus also displayed a longer incubation period
and is contagious before symptoms appear. In reaction towards the outbreak of this new contagious disease defined as COVID-19,
an increasing number of countries imposed travel suspensions to/from China following the World Health Organization’s “public
health emergency of international concern” (PHEIC) announcement on January 30, 2020. In March 2020, the World Health Organization
categorized the COVID-19 as a pandemic, and most of the world experienced the detrimental effects of this health crisis, including
widespread economic shutdowns.
For the month after
the outbreak of COVID-19, domestic business activities in China had been disrupted by a series of emergency quarantine measures
taken by the government. In February 2020, the Company’s plants in PRC were temporarily suspended for 1 to 2 weeks according
to the instruction of the local government, related to the COVID-19. Emergency quarantine measures and travel restrictions caused
business disruptions across China. The evolution of quarantine measures and travel restrictions resulted in negative consequences
for our business operations including, but not limited to, the temporary closure of the Company’s factory and operations
beginning in early February, limited support from the Company’s employees, delayed access to raw material supplies and inability
to deliver products to customers on a timely basis. The Company’s business was negatively impacted and is expected to generate
lower revenue and net income during the period from April 2020. Our supply chain is subject to the business interruptions arising
from these measures. If the pandemic continues in the second half of 2020, our business and financial results in the future will
likely be adversely affected.
The extent to which
COVID-19 negatively impacts our business results is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted. We believe that COVID-19
outbreak and the measures taken to control it may have a large negative impact on economic activities in China. A majority of
our business operations and our supply chain are conducted in China, which are expected to be negatively affected by COVID-19
outbreak. The magnitude of this negative effect on the continuity of our business operation and supply chains in China remains
uncertain. These uncertainties impede our ability to conduct our daily operations and could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s manufacturing facilities resumed
normal operations. The Company did not record any asset impairments, inventory charges or bad debt provision related to COVID-19
during the year ended March 31, 2020. However, if the customer demand is persistently weak in coming months or the operations
of its plants in PRC are instructed to suspend again, the Company may require such charges.
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of consolidation-The
consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America, include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of all subsidiaries. Intercompany balances, transactions
and cash flows are eliminated on consolidation.
Goodwill-The
excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded on the balance sheet as goodwill. The Company
adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”,
which requires the carrying value of goodwill to be evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if
impairment indicators arise. The Company regularly conducted annual impairment evaluation. The impairment test requires the
Company to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. If the carrying value of a
reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the
goodwill of that reporting unit is potentially impaired and the Company proceeds to step two of the impairment analysis. In the
second step, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is determined by allocating the reporting unit’s
fair value to all of its assets and liabilities other than goodwill (including any unrecognized intangible assets) in a manner
similar to a purchase price allocation. The resulting implied fair value of the goodwill that results from the application of the
second step is then compared to the carrying amount of the goodwill and an impairment charge is recorded for the difference. The
assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with the past performance of each reporting unit and are
consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change
as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The entire goodwill of $393 was fully impaired since March 31, 2014.
Cash and cash equivalents-Cash
and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash accounts, interest bearing savings accounts and time certificates of deposit with
a maturity of three months or less when purchased.
Marketable securities-All
marketable securities are classified as trading securities and are stated at fair market value. Market value is determined by the
most recently traded price of the security at the balance sheet date. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities
are included in non-operating income. The cost of investments sold is based on the average cost method. Interest and dividend income
earned are included in non-operating income.
2. Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies - continued
Inventories - Inventories
are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on the weighted average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods
inventories consist of raw materials, direct labor and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. The Company periodically
performs an analysis of inventory to determine obsolete or slow-moving inventory and determine if its cost exceeds the estimated
market value. Write down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory are recorded based on management’s analysis of
inventory levels.
Property, plant and
equipment-Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost including the cost of improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged
to expense as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight line method based on the estimated useful lives
of the assets as follows:
Leasehold land and buildings
|
30 - 50 years
|
Plant and machinery
|
5 - 15 years
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
4 - 5 years
|
Motor vehicles
|
3 - 5 years
|
Leasehold improvements
|
2 - 5years
|
Leases-The Company
determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”)
assets, other current liabilities and operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the
Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation
to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based
on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate,
the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present
value of lease payments. It uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease
payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease
when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line
basis over the lease term.
When the Company is the
lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease.
With respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or
lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue commences when the customer assumes
control of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue
exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. If later, the billing amount exceeds the straight-line rental
revenue, the variance will be credited to accrued straight-line rents receivable. Contingent rental revenue is accrued when the
contingency is removed.
Impairment of long-lived
assets-Long-lived assets are included in impairment evaluations when events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying
value of these assets may not be recoverable. In accordance with ASC No. 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, the
Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets by first grouping its long-lived assets with other
assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows largely independent of the cash flows of other assets
and liabilities (the asset group) and, secondly, estimating the undiscounted future cash flows that are directly associated with
and expected to arise from the use of and eventual disposition of such asset group. The Company estimates the undiscounted cash
flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds
the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the long-lived
asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair value through quoted market prices in active markets or, if quotations
of market prices are unavailable, through the performance of internal analysis using a discounted cash flow methodology. The undiscounted
and discounted cash flow analyses based on a number of estimates and assumptions, including the expected period over which the
asset will be utilized, projected future operating results of the asset group, discount rate and long-term growth rate.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
- continued
Revenue
recognition –
Revenue
from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps pursuant ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine
the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue
when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Products sales
The Company recognizes
revenue upon transfer of control of its products to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery. The Company’s main
performance obligation to its customers is the delivery of products in accordance with purchase orders. Each purchase order defines
the transaction price for the products purchased under the arrangement. Acceptance of delivery of the products is evidenced by
goods receipt notes signed by the customer. The Company has no remaining obligations after the customer’s acceptance of the
products.
Under the terms of the
contracts or purchase orders between the Company and the customer, the control of the products is transferred to the customer upon
the signing of the goods receipt notes and the customer has no rights to return the products (other than for defective products).
Some customers examine and pick up the products at our plant while some local customers instruct us to deliver the products to
their plants nearby. Some overseas customers instruct us to deliver the products to the named port of shipment. Delivery of the
products occurs at that point of time when the control of the products is transferred to the customer.
The selling price, which
is specified in the purchase orders, is fixed. Under the terms of the purchase orders, upon the sale of the products to the customer
and the signing of the good receipts notes, the Company has the legally enforceable right to receive full payment of the sales
price. The customer’s obligation to pay the Company is not dependent on the customer selling the products or collecting cash
from their customers (or end customers). The customer is required to pay under normal sales terms. The Company’s normal payment
terms range from 30 days to 90 days and its sales arrangements do not have any material financing components. In addition, the
Company’s customer arrangements do not produce contract assets or liabilities that are material to its consolidated financial
statements. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accounts for these actual returns as deduction
from sales. Product returns to the Company were insignificant during past years.
Incremental costs to fulfill
the Company’s customer arrangements are expensed as incurred, as the amortization period is less than one year.
The Company’s sales
are net of value added tax (“VAT”) and business tax and surcharges collected on behalf of tax authorities in respect
of product sales. VAT and business tax and surcharges collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a
liability in the consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the tax authorities.
Outbound freight and Handling costs:
The company accounts for
product outbound freight and handling costs as fulfillment activities and present the associated costs in selling expenses in the
period in which it sells the product.
2. Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies - continued
Disaggregation
of Revenues:
The
following table disaggregates product sales by business segment and by geography, which provides information as to the major source
of revenue. See Note 16 for additional description of our reportable business segments.
|
|
Year ended March
31, 2019
|
|
|
Injection molded
Plastic parts
|
|
Electronic
Products
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United
States of America
|
|
|
$1,504
|
|
|
|
$11,358
|
|
|
|
$12,862
|
|
PRC
|
|
|
25,637
|
|
|
|
5,135
|
|
|
|
30,772
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|
255
|
|
|
|
3,331
|
|
|
|
3,586
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
|
1,195
|
|
|
|
3,531
|
|
|
|
4,726
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
7,998
|
|
|
|
8,186
|
|
Others
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
6,449
|
|
|
|
6,449
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
|
$28,779
|
|
|
|
$37,802
|
|
|
|
$66,581
|
|
|
|
Year ended March 31, 2020
|
|
|
Injection molded
Plastic parts
|
|
Electronic
Products
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States of America
|
|
|
$1,265
|
|
|
|
$9,963
|
|
|
|
$11,228
|
|
PRC
|
|
|
22,567
|
|
|
|
4,530
|
|
|
|
27,097
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|
159
|
|
|
|
4,693
|
|
|
|
4,852
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
|
1,202
|
|
|
|
4,986
|
|
|
|
6,188
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
9,674
|
|
|
|
9,827
|
|
Others
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
6,169
|
|
|
|
6,176
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
|
$25,353
|
|
|
|
$40,015
|
|
|
|
$65,368
|
|
Allowance
for doubtful account - The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not collecting amounts owed to the Company
by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of factors including: ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’
financial condition, an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and facts particular to the customer.
Based upon the results of this analysis, the Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts for this risk. This analysis
requires the Company to make significant estimates, and changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in
the allowance for doubtful accounts. Unanticipated changes in the liquidity or financial position of the Company’s customers
may require additional provisions for doubtful accounts.
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
Allowance for doubtful account
|
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of the year
|
|
$1,252
|
$270
|
$658
|
Provision for the year
|
|
34
|
419
|
297
|
Bad debt recovery
|
|
(708)
|
(16)
|
-
|
Written off
|
|
(308)
|
(15)
|
(1)
|
|
|
$270
|
$658
|
$954
|
The provision and the bad
debt recovery for the years were charged to other income (expenses), net in consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Shipping
and handling cost- Shipping and handling costs related to the delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses.
During the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, shipping and handling costs expensed to selling expenses were $557, $529
and $481, respectively.
Income taxes-Income
taxes are provided on an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Any PRC tax paid
by subsidiaries during the year is recorded. Deferred income taxes are recognized for all significant temporary differences at
enacted rates and classified as current or non-current based upon the classification of the related asset or liability in the financial
statements. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than
not that some portion of, or all, the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company classifies interest and/or penalties
related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax provisions.
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - continued
The Company adopted the
provisions of ASC No. 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in
income taxes recognized by prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition
and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides accounting guidance on de-recognition,
classification, interest and penalties, disclosure and transition.
Foreign currency translation-The
consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in U.S. dollars as the Company is incorporated in the British Virgin
Islands where the currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company’s subsidiaries conduct substantially all of their business in U.S. dollars,
Hong Kong dollars or Chinese Renminbi. Notwithstanding this, U.S. dollar is considered by management to be the most appropriate
functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries because most of our customers contracted with our subsidiaries in U.S.
dollars.
All transactions in currencies
other than functional currencies during the year are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary
items existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies are translated at period
end rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions and balances are included in the consolidated
statement of comprehensive income (loss).
The exchange rates between
the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.7904, 7.7904 and 7.7904 as of March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
The exchange rates between the Chinese Renminbi and the U.S. dollar were approximately 6.3916, 6.7472 and 7.0246 as of March 31,
2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Aggregate net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain included in other income (expenses) were,
$(56), $(82) and $505 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Post-retirement and
post-employment benefits - The Company and its subsidiaries contribute to a state pension scheme in respect of its Chinese
employees.
Stock-based compensation
- The Company adopts ASC No. 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that share-based payment
transactions with employees, such as share options, be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued
and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding addition to equity. Under this method,
compensation cost related to employee share options or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair
value of the award and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the
award, which generally is the vesting period.
There were no stock options
granted during the year ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Net income (loss) per
share - Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share gives effect to all
dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding is adjusted
to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had
been issued. In computing the dilutive effect of potential common shares, the average stock price for the period is used in determining
the number of treasury shares assumed to be purchased with the proceeds from the exercise of options.
Basic net income (loss)
per share and diluted net income (loss) per share calculated in accordance with ASC No. 260, “Earnings Per Share”,
are reconciled as follows (shares in thousands):
|
Year ended
March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc.
|
$6,190
|
|
$4,273
|
|
$(1,320)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
15,885
|
|
15,885
|
|
15,914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic net income (loss) per share
|
$0.39
|
|
$0.27
|
|
$(0.08)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
- continued
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
15,885
|
|
15,885
|
|
15,914
|
Effect of dilutive securities – Options
|
100
|
|
174
|
|
-
|
Diluted weighted average common and potential common
shares outstanding
|
15,985
|
|
16,059
|
|
15,914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income (loss) per share
|
$0.39
|
|
$0.27
|
|
$(0.08)
|
During the year ended
March 31, 2020, 107,000 outstanding stock options were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share, because to
do so would have had an antidilutive effect due to our net loss for the year ended March 31, 2020.
Use of estimates -The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant
accounting estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, those used for assessment for impairment of long-lived assets,
allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation for excess and obsolete inventories, impairment assessment of goodwill, and
depreciation lives of property and equipment. Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.
Fair value of financial
instruments -The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the exchange price that would be received from an asset
or paid to transfer a liability (as exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities,
such as cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable,
and other current liabilities, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments and market rates
of interest.
Fair value measurements
- The Company has adopted ASC No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework
for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It does not require any new fair value
measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source
of the information.
It establishes a three-level
valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value
and include the following:
Level
1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity
securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain securities that are highly
liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.
Level
2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or
liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable
market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level
3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets
or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted
cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques based on significant unobservable inputs, as well as instruments for which the
determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Classification within the
hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
- continued
Non-recurring fair
value measurements - Long-lived assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using mostly Level 3 inputs as defined
in the fair value hierarchy. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments
only in certain circumstances. Assets that are written down to fair value when impaired and retained investments are not subsequently
adjusted to fair value unless further impairment occurs.
Fair value of long-lived
assets, including real estate, are determined by estimating the amount and timing of net future cash flows (which are unobservable
inputs) and discounting them using a risk-adjusted rate of interest. The Company estimates future cash flows based on its experience
and knowledge of the market. Significant increases or decreases in actual cash flows may result in valuation changes. For real
estate, fair values are based on discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available
industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy and are corroborated by external appraisals.
Recently Adopted Accounting
Pronouncements
In February
2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The amendments in this
update create Topic 842, Leases, and supersede the leases requirements in Topic 840, Leases. Topic 842 specifies the
accounting for leases. The objective of Topic 842 is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to
report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising
from a lease. The main difference between Topic 842 and Topic 840 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities
for those leases classified as operating leases under Topic 840. Topic 842 retains a distinction between finance leases and
operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are
substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the
previous leases guidance. The result of retaining a distinction between finance leases and operating leases is that under the
lessee accounting model in Topic 842, the effect of leases in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of cash
flows is largely unchanged from previous GAAP. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted the ASU 2016-02, Leases, which
requires the recognition of lease assets and these liabilities by leases for those leases classified as an operating lease
under previous guidance. The original guidance required application on a modified retrospective basis with the earliest
period presented. In August, 2018, the FASB issues ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which included an option to
not restate comparative periods in transition and elect to use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of initial
application of transition which we elected. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements, as the Company’s operating lease contracts mainly had a term of one year or less as
of April 1, 2019. Refer to Note 9 — Leases for additional information regarding the adoption of ASC 842 from a lessor
as well as from a lessee perspective.
In June 2018, the FASB
issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)—Improvements
to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment
transactions resulting from expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock
Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Some of the areas
for simplification apply only to nonpublic entities. ASU 2018-07 specifies that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions
in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based
payment awards. ASU 2018-07 also clarifies that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1)
financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract
accounted for under the new revenue recognition standard set forth in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606). Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2018-07, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated
financial statements.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
- continued
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet
Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB
issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for
fair value measurements. The modified standard eliminates the requirement to disclose changes in unrealized gains and losses included
in earnings for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and requires changes in unrealized gains and losses be included in other
comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments. The standard also requires the disclosure of
the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how weighted average is calculate for recurring
and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019
and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB
issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU
2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses
and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13
requires use of a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments.
ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the standard
requires using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective
date to align existing credit loss methodology with the new standard. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective April 1, 2020.
The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB
issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting
for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent
application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business
entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after
December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and
interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of
ASU 2019-12, but does not expect it to have a material impact on income taxes as reported in its consolidated financial statements.
3. Marketable Securities
The Company acquired equity
securities listed in Hong Kong and Australian Securities Exchange.
|
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
$21,746
|
|
$21,920
|
|
|
|
|
Market value
|
$24,446
|
|
$19,441
|
Included in
Non-operating income (expenses), net were unrealized gain (loss) for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 of $1,401,
$891 and $(5,179), respectively.
Net proceeds from
sale of marketable securities for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were $6,580, $7,210 and $1,620 respectively and
realized gain from sales of marketable securities for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were $609, $746 and $29, respectively.
For the purposes of determining realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold was determined based on the average cost
method.
The marketable securities
were classified as Level 1 of the hierarchy established under ASC No. 820 because the valuations were based on quoted prices for
identical securities in active markets.
4. Inventories
Inventories, net of allowances,
by major categories are summarized as follows:
|
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Raw materials
|
$7,020
|
|
$4,668
|
Work-in-progress
|
3,884
|
|
2,386
|
Finished goods
|
2,126
|
|
1,524
|
|
$13,030
|
|
$8,578
|
Obsolescence allowance
for inventory is as follows:
|
|
|
Year ended March 31
|
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of the year
|
|
|
$3,570
|
|
$3,634
|
|
$3,890
|
Additional charges, net
|
|
|
296
|
|
256
|
|
426
|
Written off
|
|
|
(232)
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Balance at the end of the year
|
|
|
$3,634
|
|
$3,890
|
|
$4,316
|
5.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other
current assets consist of the following:
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value added tax recoverable
|
|
|
$322
|
|
$330
|
Rental and utility deposit
|
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Advance to suppliers
|
|
|
220
|
|
107
|
Prepayment
|
|
|
526
|
|
427
|
Coupon and dividend receivable
|
|
|
109
|
|
114
|
Others
|
|
|
809
|
|
753
|
|
|
|
$2,006
|
|
$1,752
|
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment,
net consist of the following:
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
At cost:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leasehold land and buildings
|
|
|
$32,233
|
|
$32,233
|
Plant and machinery
|
|
|
38,839
|
|
37,559
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
11,642
|
|
11,292
|
Motor vehicles
|
|
|
1,513
|
|
1,512
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
3,832
|
|
3,908
|
Impairment
|
|
|
(3,093)
|
|
(2,951)
|
|
|
|
84,966
|
|
83,553
|
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(54,755)
|
|
(54,967)
|
Net book value
|
|
|
$30,211
|
|
$28,586
|
Included in furniture, fixtures and equipment
is computer software with net values of $26 and $34 as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Cost of leasehold land and buildings consist
of the following:
|
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
2020
|
Land use right of state-owned land and buildings erected thereon (a)
|
$28,077
|
$28,077
|
Long term leased land and buildings erected thereon (b)
|
4,156
|
4,156
|
|
$32,233
|
$32,233
|
|
(a)
|
The land use rights of state-owned land
and buildings erected thereon represent land and buildings located in the PRC on which an upfront lump-sum payment has been made
for the right to use the land and building with terms of 50 years expiring in 2050.
|
|
(b)
|
Long term leased land and buildings erected
thereon represent land and buildings on collectively-owned land located in the PRC on which an upfront lump-sum payment has been
made for the right to use the land and building for a term of 50 years to 2053. Dongguan Chang An Xiaobian District Co-operation,
the lessor, is the entity to whom the collectively-owned land has been granted. According to existing PRC laws and regulations,
collectively-owned land is not freely transferable unless certain application and approval procedures are fulfilled by the Dongguan
Chang An Xiaobian District Co-operation to change the legal form of the land from collectively-owned to state-owned. As of March
31, 2020, the Company is not aware of any steps being taken by the Dongguan Chang An Xiaobian District Co-operation for such application.
|
Included in leasehold land
and buildings is property on lease with net values of $6,224 and $7,265 as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Details of
the property on lease are as follows:
Included in leasehold land and buildings
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
$8,831
|
|
$10,623
|
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(2,607)
|
|
(3,358)
|
Net book value
|
|
|
$6,224
|
|
$7,265
|
During the years ended
March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the Company had no impairment on its property, plant and equipment. Depreciation of property, plant
and equipment were $2,138, $2,114 and $1,973 during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
7. Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities
consist of the following:
|
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
$541
|
|
$541
|
Others
|
1,121
|
|
1,177
|
|
$1,662
|
|
$1,718
|
8. Income Taxes
Net income (loss)
before taxes of $6,197, $4,417 and $(947) were solely attributed by non-U.S. for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020,
respectively.
Under the current
BVI law, the Company’s income is not subject to taxation. Subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong and the PRC are subject to
income taxes as described below, and the subsidiaries operating in Macao are exempted from income taxes. Under the current Samoa
Law, subsidiary incorporated in Samoa is not subject to profit tax as it has no business operations in Samoa.
The provision for
current income taxes of the subsidiaries operating in Hong Kong has been calculated by applying the current rate of taxation of
16.5% (2018:16.5%, 2019:16.5%) to the estimated taxable income arising in or derived from Hong Kong, if applicable.
In accordance with
the PRC Income Tax Law, the standard income tax for all subsidiaries operating in the PRC is 25%.
The provision for income
taxes consists of the following:
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Current tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- PRC
|
|
$173
|
|
$236
|
|
$265
|
Deferred tax
|
|
(166)
|
|
(92)
|
|
108
|
|
|
$7
|
|
$144
|
|
$373
|
Reconciliation between
the provision for income taxes computed by applying the statutory tax rate in the PRC to income before income taxes and the actual
provision for income taxes is as follows:
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Provision for income taxes at statutory tax rate in the PRC
|
|
$1,549
|
|
$1,105
|
|
$(236)
|
Tax rate differential on entities not subject to PRC income tax
|
|
(797)
|
|
(284)
|
|
1,281
|
Effect of income for which no income tax is chargeable
|
|
(757)
|
|
(791)
|
|
(850)
|
Effect of expense for which no income tax is deductible
|
|
207
|
|
142
|
|
139
|
Net change in valuation allowances
|
|
(195)
|
|
(22)
|
|
39
|
Over provision of income tax in previous years
|
|
-
|
|
(6)
|
|
-
|
Effective tax
|
|
$7
|
|
$144
|
|
$373
|
8. Income Taxes - continued
The net deferred income
tax consists of the following:
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Deferred income tax assets
|
|
$-
|
|
|
$-
|
|
Deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
(659
|
)
|
|
(751
|
)
|
Net deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
$(659
|
)
|
|
$(751
|
)
|
The components of net
deferred income tax are as follows:
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carry forwards
|
|
$-
|
|
|
$-
|
|
Provision of employee benefits
|
|
582
|
|
|
803
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
85
|
|
|
(248
|
)
|
Revenue and cost of sales recognized for financial reporting purpose before being recognized for tax purpose
|
|
(1,277
|
)
|
|
(1,016
|
)
|
Others
|
|
110
|
|
|
(93
|
)
|
Less: Valuation allowances
|
|
(159
|
)
|
|
(197
|
)
|
Net deferred income tax liabilities
|
|
$(659
|
)
|
|
$(751
|
)
|
The Company operates through
the PRC entities and the valuation allowance is considered on each individual basis.
The Company’s assessment
is that it is not more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized.
The net operating
loss attributable to those PRC entities can only be carried forward for a maximum period of five years. Tax losses of non-PRC
entities can be carried forward indefinitely.
Under the PRC Income
Tax Law and the implementation rules, profits of the PRC entities earned on or after January 1, 2008 and distributed by the PRC
entities to the Company are subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless the Company will be deemed as a resident enterprise
for tax purposes. Since the Company intends to reinvest the earnings of the PRC entities in operations in the PRC, the PRC entities
do not intend to declare dividends to their immediate non-PRC established holding companies in the foreseeable future. Accordingly,
no deferred taxation on undistributed earnings of the PRC entities has been recognized as of March 31, 2020.
The Company has adopted
the provisions of ASC 740 on April 1, 2007. The evaluation of a tax position in accordance with ASC 740 begins with a determination
as to whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of
the position. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is then measured at the largest amount of
benefit that if greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement for recognition in the financial statements.
The Company classifies interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax provisions;
however, as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, there is no interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending
amount of total unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
|
|
Year
ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at the beginning of the year
|
|
$316
|
|
$424
|
|
$482
|
Increase related to current year tax positions
|
|
108
|
|
58
|
|
253
|
Balance at end of the year
|
|
$424
|
|
$482
|
|
$735
|
8. Income Taxes - continued
At March 31, 2019 and 2020,
there are $482 and $735 of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized, would affect the annual effective tax rate. For the year
ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the Company did not recognize any interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.
The unrecognized tax benefits
represent the estimated income tax expenses the Company would be required to pay, should the income tax rate used, taxable income
and deductible expenses for tax purpose recognized in accordance with tax laws and regulations. The Company is currently unable
to provide an estimate of a range of the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that is reasonably possible to change significantly
within the next twelve months.
According to the PRC Tax
Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational
errors made by the taxpayer or its withholding agent. The statute of limitations extends to five years under special circumstances,
which are not clearly defined. In the case of a related party transaction, the statute of limitations is ten years. There is no
statute of limitations in the case of tax evasion.
In accordance with Guo
Shui Fa [2009] No.2, the PRC tax authorities have the right to deem the Company for a tax amount based on the transfer pricing
contemporaneous documentations (the “Contemporaneous Documentations”) or a basis that they considered reasonable. The
amount of income taxes payable at March 31, 2019 and 2020 includes the deemed profit tax estimated by the management based on the
Contemporaneous Documentations.
9. Lease
Operating leases as lessor
We have non-cancellable
agreements to lease our factory buildings to tenants under operating lease. The lease terms are between 1 month to 36 months. The
leases do not contain contingent payments. At March 31, 2020, the minimum future rental income to be received is as follows:
Year ending March 31, 2021
|
$420
|
Year ending March 31, 2022
|
6
|
Total minimum future rental income
|
$426
|
|
|
|
The following table
represents lease income recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended March 31,
2020.
Operating lease income
|
$1,564
|
Other information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases as lessor
|
$1,552
|
Operating leases as lessee
The Company leases premises
and warehouses under various operating leases, certain of which contain escalation clauses. As of April 1, 2019, the Company had
lease contracts with a term of one year or less. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company has entered into a renewed lease
that have not yet commenced with future total lease payments of $104. The lease for office space will commence in fiscal year 2021
with lease term of 2 years. As the total lease payments was insignificant, the Company did not recognize any ROU assets and operating
lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Rental expenses under operating leases included in the consolidated statements
of comprehensive income (loss) were $68, $72 and $74 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
9. Lease - continued
The following table represents
lease costs recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended March 31,
2020. Lease costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of
comprehensive income (loss).
Lease costs
Operating lease costs
|
|
|
|
|
$74
|
Total lease costs
|
|
|
|
|
$74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow
information for our leases was as follows
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Paid for amount included in the measurement
of lease liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating cash flows from operating leases
|
|
|
|
|
$60
|
10. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company leases premises
offices under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. See note 9 for future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating
lease agreements with initial terms of one year or more.
At March 31, 2020, the
Company had capital commitments for purchase of plant and machinery, and leasehold improvement totaling $136, which are expected
to be disbursed during the year ending March 31, 2021.
11. Employee Benefits
The Company contributes
to a state pension plan run by the Chinese government in respect of its employees in the PRC. The expense of $800, $751 and $640
included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) related to this plan, which is calculated at the range of
8% to 14%of the average monthly salary, was provided for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
12. Stock Option Plan
On March 15, 1995, the
Company adopted the 1995 Stock Option Plan that permits the Company to grant options to officers, directors, employees and others
to purchase up to 1,012,500 shares of Common Stock. On September 29, 1997, the Company approved an increase of 549,000 shares making
a total of 1,561,500 shares of common stock available under the stock option plan. On January 7, 2002, the Company adopted the
2001 Stock Option Plan to purchase an additional 1,125,000 shares of Common Stock. On September 30, 2003, the Company adopted the
2003 Stock Option Plan to purchase an additional 900,000 shares of Common Stock. On September 19, 2005, the Company’s shareholders
approved an increase of 500,000 shares making a total of 1,400,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option
Plan. On August 17, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholders’ approval, approved an increase
of 400,000 shares making a total of 1,800,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s
shareholders approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on October 9, 2007. On August
13, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholders’ approval, approved an increase of 800,000 shares
making a total of 2,600,000 shares of common stock available under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders
approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on September 16, 2010.
On August 7, 2013, the
Company’s Board of Directors, subject to shareholder approval, approved amendments to the 2003 Stock Option Plan to increase
by 900,000 shares the number of shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan, bringing to a total of 3,500,000
shares the number of common shares that can be optioned and sold under the 2003 Stock Option Plan. The Company’s shareholders
approved this amendment at the Company’s Annual shareholders’ Meeting held on September 11, 2013.
As of March 31, 2020, options to purchase an
aggregate of 5,669,000 common shares had been granted under the stock option plans. Options granted under the stock option plans
vest immediately and are exercisable for a period of up to 10 years commencing on the date of grant, at a price equal to at least
the fair market value of the Common Stock at the date of grant, and may contain such other terms as the Board of Directors or a
committee appointed to administer the plan may determine. A summary of the option activity (with weighted average prices per option)
is as follows:
12. Stock Option Plan - continued
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
Number
of stock
options
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
price
|
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
|
Number
of stock
options
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
price
|
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
|
Number
of stock
options
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
price
|
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
|
Outstanding at beginning of the year
|
532,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
506,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
500,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
Exercised during the year
|
-
|
$-
|
$-
|
-
|
$-
|
$-
|
(30,000)
|
$2.14
|
$0.55
|
Cancelled during the year
|
(26,000)
|
$2.1
|
$0.55
|
(6,000)
|
$2.09
|
$0.55
|
-
|
$-
|
$-
|
Outstanding and exercisable at the end of the year
|
506,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
500,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
470,000
|
$2.1
|
$0.51
|
Range of exercise price per share
|
$2.09 to $2.14
|
$2.09 to $2.14
|
|
$2.09 to $2.14
|
During the years
ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the Company recognized employee stock-based compensation expense of $nil, $nil and $nil,
respectively. No options were granted for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The weighted average remaining
contractual life of the share options outstanding at March 31, 2020 was 4.0 years. At March 31, 2019 and 2020, there were
1,268,000 and 1,268,000 options available for future grant under the plans, respectively.
As of March 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding
stock options to acquire an aggregate of 470,000 shares of common stock with an intrinsic value of $58. Of those outstanding
options, 470,000 shares had vested as of March 31, 2020, representing an intrinsic value of $58. As of March 31, 2019, the
Company had outstanding stock options to acquire an aggregate of 500,000 shares of common stock with an intrinsic value of $445.
Of those outstanding options, 500,000 shares had vested as of March 31, 2019, representing an intrinsic value of $445.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised
amounted to $26 during the year ended March 31, 2020.
13. Other income (expenses), net
Other income (expenses),
net consist of the following:
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net
|
|
$(61)
|
|
$(22)
|
|
$29
|
Exchange loss, net
|
|
(56)
|
|
(82)
|
|
(505)
|
Reversal of (provision for) doubtful accounts, net
|
|
674
|
|
(403)
|
|
(297)
|
Others
|
|
337
|
|
229
|
|
348
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
$894
|
|
$(278)
|
|
$(425)
|
14. Non-operating income (expenses), net
Non-operating income (expenses),
net consist of the following:
|
|
Year
ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Dividend income from marketable securities
|
|
$859
|
|
$738
|
|
$1,049
|
Interest income from bank deposits
|
|
267
|
|
184
|
|
218
|
Unrealized gain (loss) from marketable
securities
|
|
1,401
|
|
891
|
|
(5,179)
|
Realized gain from sales of marketable securities
|
|
609
|
|
746
|
|
29
|
Rental income
|
|
1,111
|
|
1,455
|
|
1,564
|
Others
|
|
148
|
|
(130)
|
|
(41)
|
Non-operating income (expenses), net
|
|
$4,395
|
|
$3,884
|
|
$(2,360)
|
15. Operating Risk
Concentrations of Credit
Risk and Major Customers - A substantial percentage of the Company’s sales are made to a small number of customers and are
typically sold either under letter of credit or on an open account basis. Details of customers accounting for 10% or more of total
net sales for each of the three years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
|
Percentage of net sales
Year ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Customer A
|
10.8%
|
*
|
*
|
Customer B
|
*
|
11.5%
|
12.0%
|
Customer C
|
10.8%
|
*
|
*
|
Customer D
|
12.8%
|
12.5%
|
11.6%
|
Customer E
|
11.9%
|
11.1%
|
18.7%
|
* Less
than 10%
Sales to the above customers
relate to both injection-molded plastic parts and electronic products.
Debtors accounting for
10% or more of total accounts receivable at March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, are as follows:
|
Percentage of
accounts
receivable at
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
2020
|
|
|
|
Customer A
|
14.4%
|
10.2%
|
Customer B
|
10.8%
|
*
|
Customer C
|
26.0%
|
14.6%
|
Customer D
|
*
|
10.0%
|
* Less
than 10%
There were
$308, $15 and $1 accounts receivable written off during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. There were net reversal of (provision for) doubtful accounts of $(674), $403 and $297 during the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019
and 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2019 and 2020, allowances for doubtful accounts were $658 and $954, respectively.
Concentrations of Suppliers-
For the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, the Company had no single suppliers contributed over 10% of total purchase.
Country risk -
The Company has significant investments in the PRC. The operating results of the Company may be adversely affected by changes in
the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in Chinese government policies with respect to laws and regulations,
anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods taxation, among other things. There
can be no assurance, however, those changes in political and other conditions will not result in any adverse impact.
Investment price risk
- The Company is exposed to equity price risk on marketable securities. The Company’s marketable securities are investment
listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and the Australia Securities Exchange. Decisions to buy and sell securities are based
on daily monitoring of the performance of individual securities compared to that of the Index and other industry indicators, as
well as the Company’s liquidity needs. The Company believes the exposure to investment price risk from the Company’s
investment activities is acceptable in the Company’s circumstances.
16. Segment Information
The Company has two reportable
segments: plastic injection molding and electronic products assembling. The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business
units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different technology
and marketing strategies. Most of the businesses were acquired as a unit, and the management at the time of the acquisition was
retained.
The Company used to include
the corporate expenses, which mainly comprised of directors’ remuneration, legal and professional expenses and corporate
insurance expenses, in the segment of plastic injection. Commencing from this year, the corporate expenses are separately disclosed
in the segment information for a more precise presentation of the financial performance of each segment.
The accounting policies
of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company accounts for intersegment
sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices.
Contributions of the major
activities, profitability information and asset information of the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended March 31,
2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
Intersegment
Sales
|
|
Income
(loss)
Before
incom
tax
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
Intersegment
Sales
|
|
Income
(loss)
Before
income
tax
|
|
Net
sales
|
|
Intersegment
Sales
|
|
Income
(loss)
Before
Income
tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Injection molded plastic parts
|
|
$28,609
|
|
$(394)
|
|
$5,405
|
|
$28,956
|
|
$(178)
|
|
$3,686
|
|
$25,531
|
|
$(178)
|
|
$(1,197)
|
Electronic products
|
|
32,512
|
|
(60)
|
|
2,047
|
|
37,865
|
|
(62)
|
|
2,077
|
|
40,077
|
|
(62)
|
|
1,544
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment total
|
|
$61,121
|
|
$(454)
|
|
$7,452
|
|
$66,821
|
|
$(240)
|
|
$5,763
|
|
$65,608
|
|
$(240)
|
|
$347
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation to consolidated totals:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales eliminations
|
|
(454)
|
|
454
|
|
-
|
|
(240)
|
|
240
|
|
-
|
|
(240)
|
|
240
|
|
-
|
Corporate expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(1,255)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(1,346)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(1,294)
|
Consolidated totals:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales
|
|
$60,667
|
|
$-
|
|
|
|
$66,581
|
|
$-
|
|
|
|
$65,368
|
|
$-
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
$6,197
|
|
|
|
|
|
$4,417
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(947)
|
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
Interest
Income
From
Bank
deposits
|
|
Interest
expenses
|
|
Interest
Income
From
Bank
deposits
|
|
Interest
expenses
|
|
Interest
Income
From
Bank
deposits
|
|
Interest
expenses
|
Segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Injection molded plastic parts
|
|
$257
|
|
$-
|
|
$173
|
|
$-
|
|
$204
|
|
$-
|
Electronic products
|
|
10
|
|
-
|
|
11
|
|
-
|
|
14
|
|
-
|
Consolidated total
|
|
$267
|
|
$-
|
|
$184
|
|
$-
|
|
$218
|
|
$-
|
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
Identifiable
assets
|
|
Capital
expenditure
|
|
Depreciation
and
amortization
|
|
Identifiable
assets
|
|
Capital
expenditure
|
|
Depreciation
and
amortization
|
|
Identifiable
assets
|
|
Capital
expenditure
|
|
Depreciation
and
amortization
|
Segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Injection molded plastic parts
|
|
$72,691
|
|
$1,644
|
|
$1,802
|
|
$71,615
|
|
$711
|
|
$1,849
|
|
$66,741
|
|
$251
|
|
$1,754
|
Electronic products
|
|
27,708
|
|
63
|
|
336
|
|
28,554
|
|
167
|
|
265
|
|
28,638
|
|
256
|
|
219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Totals
|
|
$100,399
|
|
$1,707
|
|
$2,138
|
|
$100,169
|
|
$878
|
|
$2,114
|
|
$95,379
|
|
$507
|
|
$1,973
|
16. Segment Information - continued
The breakdown of
sales by destination is analyzed as follows:
|
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
Net sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States of America
|
|
$10,630
|
|
$12,862
|
|
$11,228
|
|
PRC
|
|
30,077
|
|
30,772
|
|
27,097
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
2,878
|
|
3,586
|
|
4,852
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
4,610
|
|
4,726
|
|
6,188
|
|
Europe
|
|
8,304
|
|
8,186
|
|
9,827
|
|
Others
|
|
4,168
|
|
6,449
|
|
6,176
|
|
Total net sales
|
|
$60,667
|
|
$66,581
|
|
$65,368
|
|
The location of the Company’s
identifiable assets is as follows:
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
Hong Kong and Macao
|
|
|
|
$46,077
|
|
$42,412
|
|
PRC
|
|
|
|
54,092
|
|
52,967
|
|
Total identifiable assets
|
|
|
|
100,169
|
|
95,379
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
|
$100,169
|
|
$95,379
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell
Industries, Inc.
The
condensed financial statements of Deswell Industries, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. Under the PRC laws and regulations, Deswell Industries, Inc.’s PRC subsidiaries
are restricted in their ability to transfer certain of their net assets to Deswell Industries, Inc. in the form of dividend payments,
loans or advances. The amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves, as determined pursuant to PRC generally
accepted accounting principles, totaling $61,240 (equivalent to RMB 413 million) and $58,918 (equivalent to RMB 413 million) as
of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Balance sheets
|
March 31,
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
$566
|
|
$902
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
41
|
|
42
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries
|
23,641
|
|
19,525
|
Total current assets
|
24,248
|
|
20,469
|
Investments in subsidiaries
|
61,447
|
|
61,563
|
Total assets
|
$85,695
|
|
$82,032
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
|
$1,588
|
|
$1,588
|
Other accrued liabilities
|
143
|
|
122
|
Total current liabilities
|
1,731
|
|
1,710
|
Total shareholders’ equity
|
83,964
|
|
80,322
|
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
$85,695
|
|
$82,032
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statements of comprehensive income (loss)
|
Year
ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
|
$7,586
|
|
$5,778
|
|
$115
|
Operating expenses
|
1,396
|
|
1,505
|
|
1,435
|
Income (loss) before income taxes
|
6,190
|
|
4,273
|
|
(1,320)
|
Income taxes
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Net income (loss)
|
6,190
|
|
4,273
|
|
(1,320)
|
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
Total comprehensive income (loss)
|
$6,190
|
|
$4,273
|
|
$(1,320)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17. Condensed Financial Information of Deswell
Industries, Inc. - continued
Statements of cash flows
|
Year ended March 31,
|
|
2018
|
|
2019
|
|
2020
|
Cash flows from operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
$6,190
|
|
$4,273
|
|
$(1,320)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
|
(7,586)
|
|
(5,778)
|
|
(115)
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|
(28)
|
|
17
|
|
(1)
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries
|
2,625
|
|
3,355
|
|
4,116
|
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
|
2
|
|
(2)
|
|
-
|
Other accrued liabilities
|
(6)
|
|
30
|
|
(21)
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
1,197
|
|
1,895
|
|
2,659
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends paid
|
(1,112)
|
|
(1,588)
|
|
(2,387)
|
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
64
|
Net cash used in financing activities
|
(1,112)
|
|
(1,588)
|
|
(2,323)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
85
|
|
307
|
|
336
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
|
174
|
|
259
|
|
566
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
|
$259
|
|
$566
|
|
$902
|
In Deswell Industries,
Inc.-only financial statements, Deswell Industries, Inc.’s investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost plus its equity
interest in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries since inception. Accordingly, such financial statements should be read in conjunction
with the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Deswell Industries,
Inc. records its investments in its subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in ASC 323 “Investment-Equity
Method and Joint Ventures”. Such investment is presented on the balance sheets as “Investments in subsidiaries”
and share of the subsidiaries’ profit or loss as “Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries”, on the statements
of comprehensive income (loss).
Certain information
and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles have been condensed or omitted.
b)
|
Related party transactions
|
For the years ended March
31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, related party transactions were mainly composed of $120 paid to Jetcrown Industrial (Macao Commercial
Offshore) Limited as service fee for each of the years.
DESWELL INDUSTRIES, INC.
Item
19. EXHIBITS
The following documents are filed as exhibits
herewith:
Exhibit
No.
|
Description
|
1.1
|
Memorandum and Articles of Association (as amended and restated on 13th December, 2007) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on December 31, 2007).
|
1.2
|
Amendment to Regulation 6.15 of registrant’s Articles of Association as filed with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs of the British Virgin Islands on March 26, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to registrant’s Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2010).
|
2.1
|
Form of common share certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Amendment No. 1 to Deswell’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed with the SEC on July 13, 1995).
|
4.1
|
2001 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with the SEC under cover of Form 6-K on December 12, 2001.)
|
4.2
|
2003 Stock Option Plan of Deswell Industries, Inc. (as adopted August 20, 2003 and amended August 1, 2005, August 17, 2007 and August 13, 2010) (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Proxy Statement furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K on August 16, 2010).
|
8.1
|
Diagram of the Company’s operating subsidiaries and affiliates - (see page 23 of this Report)
|
11.1
|
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 of registrant’s Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2004, filed with the SEC on July 16, 2004)
|
12.1
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
|
12.2
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
|
13.1
|
Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002
|
15.1
|
Consent of BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP to incorporation of its report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements into Registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8.
|
101*
|
Financial information from registrant for the year ended March 31, 2020 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL):
|
|
(a) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March
31, 2019 and 2020; (b) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020;
(c) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020; (d) Consolidated Statements
of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020; and (e) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
___________
*Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files
on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.