ARTX Arotech Corporation

---

---

PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

General

We are a defense and security company engaged in two business areas: interactive simulation and mobile power systems.

Ø	We develop, manufacture and market advanced high-tech multimedia and interactive simulation solutions for engineering research, enhanced weapon employment, use-of-force training and operator training of military, law enforcement, security, emergency services and other personnel through our Training and Simulation Division :

•	We provide interactive operator and crew training systems featuring state-of-the-art vehicle simulator technology enabling training and research in situation awareness, risk analysis and decision-making, emergency reaction and avoidance procedures, conscientious equipment operation, and crew coordination;

•	We provide aircrew decision making support software, part-task aircraft simulators, and simulated weapon models to support military operations and aircrew training to the United States and foreign militaries;

•	Under the trade name MILO Range™, we provide specialized “use-of-force” and judgment skills training systems for police, security personnel and the military to train their personnel in safe, productive, and realistic environments; and

•	Under the trade name Realtime Technologies™ (“Realtime”), we provide consulting and development support for engineering and research simulation solutions.

Ø

We provide advanced battery solutions, innovative energy management and power distribution technologies and world-class product design and manufacturing services for the aerospace, defense, law enforcement, and homeland security markets, and we manufacture and sell primary and rechargeable batteries, for defense and security products and medical and industrial applications through our Power Systems Division :

•

We provide high-end electronics engineering and design services, system integration services, rapid prototyping, and vertically-integrated production services for military, aerospace, and industrial customers, including: (i) hybrid power generation systems, (ii) smart power subsystems for military vehicles and dismounted applications, and (iii) aircraft and missile systems support for cutting-edge weapons and communications technologies;

•	We develop and sell rechargeable and primary batteries and smart chargers to the military and medical markets and to private defense industry in the Americas, Middle East, Europe and Asia under our Epsilor nameplate;

•	We develop, manufacture and market primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and battery chargers for the military, focusing on soldier system applications that demand high energy and light weight batteries with intelligent power management and distribution; and

•	We produce water-activated lifejacket lights for commercial aviation and marine applications under our Electric Fuel ® nameplate.

---

Table of Contents

Background

We were incorporated in Delaware in 1990 under the name “Electric Fuel Corporation,” and we changed our name to “Arotech Corporation” on September 17, 2003. We operate through our various subsidiaries (all of which are 100% owned by us):

Ø	FAAC Incorporated (“FAAC”), a Michigan corporation located in Ann Arbor, Michigan (Training and Simulation Division);

Ø	Epsilor-Electric Fuel Ltd. (“Epsilor-EFL”), an Israeli corporation with facilities located in Beit Shemesh, Israel (between Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv) and Dimona, Israel (in Israel’s Negev desert area) (Power Systems Division);

Ø	UEC Electronics, LLC (“UEC”), a South Carolina limited liability company located in Hanahan, South Carolina (Power Systems Division); and

Ø	Electric Fuel Battery Corporation (“EFB”), a Delaware corporation located in Hanahan, South Carolina (Power Systems Division).

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to us refer collectively to Arotech Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Facilities

Our principal executive offices are located at 1229 Oak Valley Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, and our toll-free telephone number at our executive offices is (800) 281-0356. Our corporate website is www.arotech.com . Our current reports on Form 8-K and our periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K, including any amendments thereto, as well as recent filings relating to transactions in our securities by our executive officers and directors, that have been filed with the SEC in EDGAR format are made available through hyperlinks located on the investor relations page of our website, at http://ir.arotech.com/all-sec-filings , as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Reference to our websites does not constitute incorporation of any of the information thereon or linked thereto into this annual report.

The offices and facilities of our Power Systems Division are located in Hanahan, South Carolina, and in Israel (in Beit Shemesh and Dimona, both of which are within Israel’s pre-1967 borders). Our executive operations are conducted primarily from our principal executive offices in Ann Arbor, Michigan, which is the headquarters of our Training and Simulation Division. The Training and Simulation Division also maintains an office in Oviedo, Florida.

Training and Simulation Division

Our Training and Simulation Division develops, manufactures and markets an extensive array of trainers and simulation based solutions that provide interactive and situational awareness and training for military, law enforcement, commercial, and research customers. Our simulators safely and economically train people, from transit bus/rail operators to public safety personnel to military convoy crews, to respond immediately and appropriately in threatening and dangerous situations while under extreme pressure. Our solutions provide pilots of U.S. fighter aircraft accurate weapon employment information. We provide tools and simulation solutions used in leading edge vehicular research. During 2018, 2017, and 2016, revenues from our Training and Simulation Division were approximately $56.7 million , $50.3 million , and $46.4 million , respectively.

The Training and Simulation Division concentrates on three different product areas:

Ø	Our Vehicle Simulation group provides high fidelity vehicle simulators for use in operator/crew training and research applications for military, municipal, and commercial customers;

Ø	Our Air Warfare Simulations group provides weapon simulations used to train military pilots, weapon employment information used in the effective use of air launched weapons, and part-task simulators to train aircrew; and

Ø	Our Use of Force group provides training products focused on developing judgment skills necessary for the proper employment of various lethal and non-lethal options for municipal public safety and military personnel.

Vehicle Simulation

We provide simulators, systems engineering support and software products focused on training vehicle operators and crews for cars, trucks, and military vehicles. We provide these products to the United States military, government, municipalities, and private industry. Our fully interactive driver-training systems feature state-of-the-art vehicle simulator technology enabling training in situation awareness, risk analysis and decision making, emergency reaction and avoidance procedures, and proper equipment operation techniques. We also offer simulation software applications, consulting services, and custom software and hardware development services primarily for use by the automobile industry and universities engaged in the study of vehicle performance or operator/vehicle interactions. Our simulators have been used to train hundreds of thousands of drivers.

Our Vehicle Simulation group focuses on the development and delivery of complete simulation solutions for a wide range of vehicle types and applications– such as trucks, automobiles, subway trains, buses, fire trucks, police cars, ambulances, airport ground vehicles, and military vehicles and encompasses both driver training and full crew coordination training. We are the prime

4

---

Table of Contents

contractor for the U.S. Army’s Virtual Clearance Training Suite (“VCTS”) program. VCTS trains route clearance teams on techniques to detect and neutralize improvised explosive devices. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, our Vehicle Simulations group accounted for approximately 38%, 27%, and 37%, respectively, of our Training and Simulation Division’s revenues. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, our Vehicle Simulations group accounted for 22%, 14%, and 18%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues.

We believe that we have held a dominant market share in U.S. military wheeled vehicle operator driver training simulators since 1999 and that we are currently one of three significant participants in the U.S. municipal wheeled vehicle simulators market.

Air Warfare Simulations

In the area of Air Warfare Simulations, we believe we are a premier developer of validated, high fidelity analytical models and simulations of tactical air and land warfare systems for all branches of the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) and its related industrial contractors. Our simulations are found in systems ranging from instrumented air combat and maneuver training ranges (such as Top Gun), full task training devices such as the F-18 Weapon Tactics Trainer, and in the on-board computer of many fighter jet aircraft. We supply on-board software to support weapon launch decisions for the F-15, F-16, F-18, F-22 and F-35 aircraft. Two of our key Air Warfare Simulations program areas are the Zone Acquisition Program (ZAP™) and our Combat Training System (CTS) weapon simulation solution. ZAP™ provides aircrew with weapon employment information using highly accurate high-speed weapon simulations embedded in the operational flight programs of all US fighter aircraft. CTS provides validated weapon simulations for use on combat training ranges and third party aircraft simulators. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, our Air Warfare Simulations group accounted for 30%, 38%, and 35%, respectively, of our Training and Simulation Division’s revenues. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Air Warfare Simulations group accounted for 17%, 19%, and 18%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues.

Use-of-Force

We are a leading provider of interactive, multimedia, fully digital use-of-force training simulators for law enforcement, security, military and similar applications. With a large customer base spread over twenty countries around the world, we are a leader in the supply of simulation training products to law enforcement, governmental, and commercial clients. We conduct our interactive training activities and market our interactive training products, such as the MILO Range™ (interactive Use-of-Force and firearms training), the MILO Theater™ (an immersive training environment enabling trainees to experience up to 300 degrees of field of regard), and the MILO Response™ (judgment skills training for EMS personnel), using our MILO Range™ trade name. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, our Use-of-Force group accounted for 26%, 28%, and 20%, respectively, of our Training and Simulation Division’s revenues. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, the Use-of-Force group accounted for 15%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues.

Warranty

We typically offer a one to two year warranty for most of our products. Additionally, we sell extended warranties to our existing customers. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, warranty revenue accounted for 6%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, of our Training and Simulation Division’s revenues.

Marketing and Customers

We market our Training and Simulation Division products to all branches of the U.S. military, international militaries, federal and local governments, municipal transportation departments, research institutions, private organizations, and public safety groups. Municipalities throughout the U.S. and Mexico are using our vehicle simulators and use-of-force products, and our penetration in Asia, Europe and the Americas continues through the use of commissioned sales agents, regional distributors, and strategic corporate partnerships.

We have long-term relationships, many of over twenty years’ duration, with the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, Department of Homeland Security, and most major U.S. Department of Defense training and simulation prime contractors and related subcontractors. The quality of our customer relationships is illustrated by the multiple program contract awards we have earned from many of our customers.

We also have long term relationships with original equipment manufacturers such as Boeing and Raytheon that result in continued business opportunities.

Competition

Our technical excellence, superior product reliability, high customer satisfaction and warranty services have enabled us to develop market leadership and attractive competitive positions in each of our product areas.

Vehicle Simulators

Several potential competitors in this segment are large, diversified defense and aerospace conglomerates, such as L-3 Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: LLL) and Leidos Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: LDOS), who do not focus exclusively on our specific niches.

5

---

Table of Contents

As such, we are able to compete directly with these organizations based on our strength in developing higher quality software solutions or provide service on certain large military contracts through strategic agreements with these organizations. In municipal market applications, we compete against smaller, less sophisticated companies, such as Raydon Corporation and Doron Precision Systems, Inc., and some startups that rely on a commercial gaming engine as a training solution. Many of our large business competitors have financial, technical, marketing, sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources significantly greater than ours.

Air Warfare Simulations

Currently, we believe that no significant competitors participate in the markets we serve around our weapon simulation niche. Our over 45-year history in this space provides us with a library of resources that would require substantial investment by a competitor to offer a comparable product. The companies that have the potential to compete with us are companies that now subcontract this work to us: Boeing Company (NYSE: BA) (“Boeing”), Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) (“Raytheon”), and Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT).

Use of Force

We compete against a number of established companies that provide similar products and services, some of which have financial, technical, marketing, sales, manufacturing, distribution and other resources significantly greater than ours. There are also companies whose products do not compete directly, but are sometimes closely related to the products we offer. Cubic Corporation (NYSE: CUB), Meggitt PLC (LSE: MGT), VirTra, Inc. (Nasdaq: VTSI), Ti Training Corp., and Laser Shot, Inc. are our main competitors in this space.

Power Systems Division

Our Power Systems Division develops and provides sophisticated portable power solutions for diverse applications, including military equipment carried by soldiers, hybrid energy generation/storage in austere environments, power management and power distribution, and clean, stable power for tactical vehicles, unmanned vehicles and medical devices, all of which are designed to complex and demanding customer specifications. During 2018, 2017, and 2016, revenues from our Power Systems Division were approximately $39.9 million , $48.5 million , and $46.6 million , respectively.

Electronics Engineering and Design Services for the Military

Introduction

We design, engineer, and manufacture proprietary electronics, spanning components and sub-assemblies, for a broad range of end use systems in multiple markets that include aerospace, defense, industrial and medical. We specialize in electronic/electromechanical systems, subsystems, and component level requirements, which include circuit card assemblies and wire and cable assemblies. Our products range from complex integrated assemblies up through multi-rack functional systems and test equipment.

In addition, we also specialize in core, proprietary engineering capabilities in highly-demanded solution areas, including: (i) hybrid power generation systems, (ii) smart power subsystems for military vehicles and dismounted applications, and (iii) aircraft and missile systems support for cutting-edge weapons and communications technologies. Our unique brand of comprehensive service is highly sought-after by customer agencies such as the Marine Corps Systems Command, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (“SPAWAR”), U.S. Army Communications and Electronics Research & Development Command (“CERDEC”) and Tank Automotive Command, as well as large prime contractors such as Raytheon, Science Applications International Corporation (NYSE: SAIC) (“SAIC”), Boeing, Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT), and BAE Systems plc (LON: BA) (“BAE”). Our key program areas in this field include the following:

•

We supply the United States Marine Corps (“USMC”) with its program of record Ground Renewable Expeditionary Energy Network Systems (“GREENS”), a renewable power generation, intelligent energy storage and distribution system for troops serving in austere environments. GREENS is the only DoD Program of Record for renewable power generation. We also offer a commercial (not ITAR-restricted) version of this product, targeting both domestic and international markets where clean, reliable power in austere, rugged environments is a critical need.

•

We have supplied the USMC with Mobile Hybrid Expeditionary Energy System (“MHEES”), a product that incorporates both solar collection and high density battery technologies to intelligently reduce run time and optimize efficiency of tactical generators. This single system is scalable to 3.5kW, 7kW and 10.5kW output, making it an ideal solution for multiple military missions. During 2017, we delivered to the Marine Corps Systems Command the next-generation of MHEES, known as Mobile Electric Hybrid Power Sources (“MEHPS”). MEHPS is a modular, scalable system capable of delivering clean, reliable three-phase power in a 5kW dismounted configuration as well as a 10kW trailer mounted configuration. UEC supported government testing in 2018.

6

---

Table of Contents

•

We designed a proprietary Distributed Power Control and Management System (DPCMS) that could replace electrical systems on aging tactical vehicles such at the Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) and Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). This power management and distribution system enables vehicles that have already exceeded the OEM’s recommended life to be refurbished and to take advantage of new automotive communication protocol J-1939. These refurbishments could permit aging tactical vehicle fleets to function as a new vehicle, without the cost implications of replacing it with a new vehicle. This system was successfully tested on LAVs and AAVs by the USMC. DPCMS is also being marketed to newer vehicle systems that can benefit from its modular design and combat survivability features.

•	We have developed significant expertise and past performance qualifications in the area of solutions for Command, Control, Communications, Computers Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), providing these solutions to, among others, SPAWAR and Raytheon.

Competition

Our main competitors for renewable energy and power management systems and services are ZeroBase Energy, LLC, a provider of hybrid and renewable power systems, and Solar Stik, Inc., a provider of portable and custom power solutions. In the realm of contract design and manufacturing services, we compete with Sechan Electronics Inc., a provider of military electronic systems and subsystems, IEC Electronics Corporation (NYSE: IEC), a provider of electronic contract manufacturing services, Celestica Incorporated (NYSE: CLS), Ducommun Incorporated (NYSE: DCO), Sanmina Corporation (Nasdaq: SANM), and Jabil Incorporated (NYSE: JBL), a supplier of manufacturing services for circuit board assemblies.

We believe the fact that we have full-service engineering coupled with state-of-the-art manufacturing provides us with an advantage over most of our competitors, enabling us to customize solutions for customers, quickly develop prototype and first-article units, and move into full-rate production before many of our competitors are beyond the requirements definition phase. We believe few in the industry have both the agility and capabilities required to offer this advantage. As a manufacturer, we build our own cable harnesses, circuit cards, and integrated complex assemblies, which enables us to control our own supply chain and program schedules. These combined capabilities have resulted in lower costs and shorter lead times, both very important discriminators for our customers in this current fiscal environment.

Marketing and Customers

We market to a diverse array of customers. The renewable and hybrid energy market prior to 2015 had been primarily focused on the U.S. Department of Defense. We believe we have achieved significant success in this market; however, we are modifying our products to better meet commercial/industrial demands. In addition, we are refocusing marketing efforts internationally on the heels of our GREENS and MHEES programs. Specific efforts include exhibiting at international trade shows like DSEI and Eurosatory, establishing international sales channels, establishing networks within U.S. commercial markets, and an increase in outbound marketing efforts designed to drive potential customers to our solutions.

Over 90% of revenues are attributed to existing customers with new requirements or referrals of new customers from our existing customer base. This customer loyalty is closely tied to our technical solutions, our on-time delivery and quality of product metrics (consistently 90% or greater).

Manufacturing

Our three AS9100 and ISO 9001 registered facilities are located in the tri-county area of Charleston, South Carolina. All facilities are well equipped with state of the art design tools and automated manufacturing equipment to support our customers’ design, testing, and production needs.

Lithium Batteries and Charging Systems for Military, Industrial and Medical Markets

We sell lithium batteries and charging systems, including the SWIPES™ power hubs that we produce for the Army’s Soldier Warrior program, to the military, industrial and medical markets.

We develop and produce high-end lithium batteries, both primary (disposable) and secondary (rechargeable), “smart” chargers for the rechargeable batteries, electronic sub-assemblies and back up batteries for a range of “Smart City” applications (such as cellular switches and security towers). Battery offerings include a growing line of standard products (such as the BB-2590, ELI-152, 6T NATO, and 12V/24V lead-acid replacement batteries) as well as high-end custom products.

We market to the military, medical and industrial markets. We believe we are among the few companies in the world with the capability to develop, manufacture and test complex portable power sources needed by high-end portable applications. We perform the development and manufacturing in-house with the exception of the electrochemical cells, which we purchase from suppliers. We have also begun to penetrate the “special” batteries market, meaning large format batteries (such as those used to power submarines) and high power batteries (such as those used in missile launchers and battle tank emergency startup units).

7

---

Table of Contents

We have experience in working with government agencies, the military and large corporations. Our technical team has significant expertise in the fields of electrochemistry, electronics, software and battery design, production, packaging and testing. We also specialize in custom products that must meet the highest possible military, industrial and medical specifications.

Our SWIPES™ power hub utilizes the MOLLE (Modular Lightweight Load-carrying Equipment) vest and integrates force protection electronics and communications equipment with an advanced battery. The system utilizes a modular power distribution system that is powered by a conformal wearable battery allowing for extended mission times without the burden of power source swaps or charging due to the conformal battery’s high energy density. It also reduces the battery weight soldiers carry by up to 30%. The batteries continuously charge the secondary batteries inside various devices, such as two way radios, GPS units and shot detection systems.

Customers

The principal customers for our lithium batteries during 2018 were the Israel Ministry of Defense, Elbit  Systems Ltd. (Nasdaq: ESLT), Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd. (TASE: ARSP), and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. The principal customer for our soldier power systems in 2018 was the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency, with interest also shown from the U.K. Ministry of Defence and the Polish Territorial Defence Force.

Competition

There are a limited number of players globally that are a one-stop-shop for high-end custom portable power. Our main competitors are Bren-Tronics, Inc., Ultralife Corporation (Nasdaq: ULBI) (“Ultralife”), Inventus Power, Protonex Technology Corporation, Saft America Inc., Electrochem Solutions, Inc., RRC Power Solutions and Inspired Energy Plc (LSE: INSE).

Manufacturing

Our U.S. manufacturing facility for batteries and chargers is located in Hanahan, South Carolina, in the Charleston area. In parallel, we have manufacturing facilities in Beit Shemesh and Dimona, both located in Israel.

Lifejacket Lights

We are a world leader in the supply of water-activated lifejacket and survivor locator lights to the marine and aviation markets. Since 1996 we have offered a range of safety products used by the marine and aerospace industries, commercial airlines and military outfitters. Our lifejacket lights are certified by air and marine regulatory organizations, and are available through distributors worldwide.

Products

We have a product line consisting of six lifejacket light models. Five of these models are for use with marine lifejackets and one is for use with aviation lifejackets. The marine lifejacket lights come in two LED alkaline-powered models (a one-piece and a two-piece model), two LED lithium-powered models (a one-piece product and a two-piece product), and a two-piece lithium-powered incandescent mode. Our new aviation locator light is based on LED powered by our proprietary battery chemistry. All of our lifejacket lights work in both freshwater and seawater. Each of our lifejacket lights is certified for use by relevant governmental agencies under various U.S. and international regulations, including the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s Technical Standard Order (“TSO”), the EU’s Marine Equipment Directive 2014/90/EU (MED), and the International Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention. We manufacture, assemble and package all our lifejacket lights in our factory in Beit Shemesh, Israel.

Marketing

We market our marine safety products through our own network of distributors in Europe, the United States, Asia and Oceania. We market our lights to the commercial aviation industry through an independent company.

Competition

Our primary competitor in the field of aviation safety products, including TSO-approved lifejacket lights, is ACR Electronics Inc. of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Other significant competitors in the marine market include Daniamant A/S of Denmark and England, a provider of survivor location lights, and Alcares ApS of Denmark, a manufacturer of marine emergency lights.

8

---

Table of Contents

Backlog

We generally sell our products under standard purchase orders. Orders constituting our backlog are subject to changes in delivery schedules and are typically cancelable by our customers until a specified time prior to the scheduled delivery date. Accordingly, our backlog is not necessarily an accurate indication of future sales. As of December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, our funded backlog was approximately $64.8 million , $61.1 million , and $55.4 million , respectively, divided between our divisions as follows:

Division		2018				2017				2016
Training and Simulation Division		$	47,291,000			$	38,752,000			$	18,790,000
Power Systems Division		17,554,000				22,349,000				36,584,000
TOTAL:		$	64,845,000			$	61,101,000			$	55,374,000

Major Customers

During 2018, 2017, and 2016, including both of our divisions, various branches of the United States military accounted for approximately 35% , 33%, and 41%, respectively, of our revenues. See Part I - Item 1A. “Risk Factors” titled “Risks Related to Government Contracts,” below.

Patents and Trade Secrets

We rely on certain proprietary technology and seek to protect our interests through a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, know-how, trade secrets and security measures, including confidentiality agreements. Our policy generally is to secure protection for significant innovations to the fullest extent practicable. Further, we seek to expand and improve the technological base and individual features of our products through ongoing research and development programs.

Our intellectual property portfolio includes five issued U.S. patents, which expire between 2019 and 2037. We also have various patent applications pending for examination in U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.

We rely on the laws of unfair competition and trade secrets to protect our proprietary rights. We attempt to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with customers, suppliers, employees and consultants, and through other security measures. However, we may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of, or take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. Effective trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which we offer or intend to offer our products and services to the same extent as in the United States. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could harm or even destroy our brands and impair our ability to compete effectively. Further, enforcing our intellectual property rights could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources and may not prove successful. Although we intend to protect our rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful.

Research and Development

During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, our research and product development expenses were approximately $3.0 million , $3.0 million , and $2.7 million , respectively. Not included in these figures are any research and development where the costs were underwritten by customers or charged directly to projects as non-recovered engineering costs.

Employees

As of December 31, 2018, we employed 472 total employees worldwide, substantially all of whom were full-time employees. Our success will depend in large part on our ability to attract and retain skilled and experienced employees.

With respect to those of our employees who are Israeli residents, Israeli law generally requires severance pay upon the retirement or death of an employee or termination of employment without due cause. We currently partially fund our ongoing severance obligations by making monthly payments to approved severance funds or insurance policies.

Raw Materials

We are dependent on the availability of raw materials from our suppliers. The most important raw materials are lithium cells and zinc for our batteries. We purchase these raw materials from various suppliers. We believe alternative sources generally exist for the raw materials used for our batteries.

9

---

Table of Contents

Regulatory Matters

Our businesses are heavily regulated in most of our markets. We deal with numerous U.S. government agencies and entities, including, but not limited to, branches of the U.S. military and the Department of Homeland Security. Similar government authorities exist in our international markets. We are also subject to export regulations. For additional information related to export regulations, see Part I - Item 1A. “Risk Factors” entitled “We may not be able to receive or retain the necessary licenses or authorizations required for us to export or re-export….”

Government Contracts

The U.S. government, and other governments, may terminate any of our government contracts at their convenience, as well as for default, based on our failure to meet specified performance requirements. If any of our U.S. government contracts were to be terminated for convenience, we generally would be entitled to receive payment for work completed and allowable termination or cancellation costs. If any of our government contracts were to be terminated for default, generally the U.S. government would pay only for the work that has been accepted and can require us to pay the difference between the original contract price and the cost to re-procure the contract items, net of the work accepted from the original contract. The U.S. government can also hold us liable for damages resulting from the default.

On October 3, 2018, our U.S. Power Systems Division subsidiary was informed by its customer, Science Applications International Corporation (“SAIC”), that the United States Marines Corps terminated for its convenience its efforts to modernize the Assault Amphibious Vehicle fleet that was undergoing survivability and electrical upgrades under a prime contract with SAIC. As a result of this termination for the USMC’s convenience, we presented our costs related to this program for reimbursement by SAIC and the USMC in December 2018. The amount of reimbursement and time frame for resolution have not yet been determined.

For additional information related to government contracts, see Part I - Item 1A. “Risk Factors” “Risks Related to Government Contracts.”

Environmental

We are subject to various federal, state, local and non-U.S. laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including the discharge, treatment, storage, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances and wastes. We continually assess our compliance status and management of environmental matters to ensure our operations are in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations. Investigation, remediation, operation and maintenance costs associated with environmental compliance and management of sites are a normal, recurring part of our operations. These costs often are allowable costs under our contracts with the U.S. government. It is reasonably possible that continued environmental compliance could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows if additional work requirements or more stringent clean-up standards are imposed by regulators, new areas of soil and groundwater contamination are discovered and/or expansions of work scope are prompted by the results of investigations.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this Report and presented elsewhere by management from time to time.

Business-Related Risks

We have had a history of losses and may incur future losses.

We have incurred significant net losses since our inception. As of December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $176.5 million . In an effort to reduce operating expenses and maximize available resources, we have consolidated certain of our subsidiaries, shifted personnel and reassigned responsibilities. We have also taken a variety of other measures to limit spending and will continue to assess our internal processes to seek additional cost-structure improvements. Although we believe that such steps have helped to reduce our operating expenses and maximize our available resources and enabled us to operate at a net profit in the recent past, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain profitability consistently or that our business will continue to exist.

Our existing indebtedness may adversely affect our ability to obtain additional funds and may increase our vulnerability to economic or business downturns. Failure to comply with the terms of our indebtedness could result in a default that could have material adverse consequences for us.

Our bank and other indebtedness (short and long term) totaled approximately $14.0 million as of December 31, 2018 (not including trade payables, other account payables, and accrued severance pay), of which $5.5 million was bank working capital lines of credit and approximately $5.7 million represents a term loan entered into to fund the UEC acquisition and a $2.8 million mortgage on our property owned in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In addition, we may incur additional indebtedness in the future. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks associated with significant indebtedness, including:

10

---

Table of Contents

•	we must dedicate a portion of our cash flows from operations to pay principal and interest and, as a result, we may have less funds available for operations and other purposes;

•	it may be more difficult and expensive to obtain additional funds through financings, if available at all;

•	we are more vulnerable to economic downturns and fluctuations in interest rates, less able to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in reacting to changes in our industry and general economic conditions; and

•	if we default under any of our existing debt instruments, including paying the outstanding principal when due, and if our creditors demand payment of a portion or all of our indebtedness, we may not have sufficient funds to make such payments.

The occurrence of any of these events could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and adversely affect our stock price.

Furthermore, a failure to comply with the obligations contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under such agreements which could result in an acceleration of debt under other instruments evidencing indebtedness that contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions. If our indebtedness were to be accelerated, there can be no assurance that our future cash flow or assets would be sufficient to repay in full such indebtedness. In the past, we have received waivers that enabled us to avoid covenant violations that could have triggered a default on our indebtedness. There can be no assurance that any similar waivers will, if needed, be granted in the future.

We may not be successful in operating our electronics engineering and design services for the military business, which is a relatively new business for us.

The business of electronics engineering and design services for the military is a relatively new business for us and our management group has limited experience operating this particular type of business. We cannot assure that we will be successful in managing this new business. If we are unable to successfully operate this new business, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially impaired.

We may consider acquisitions in the future to grow our business, and such activity could subject us to various risks.

We may consider acquiring companies that will complement our existing operations or provide us with an entry into markets we do not currently serve. Growth through acquisitions involves substantial risks, including the risk of improper valuation of the acquired business and the risk of inadequate integration. There can be no assurance that suitable acquisition candidates will be available, that we will be able to acquire or manage profitably such additional companies or that future acquisitions will produce returns that justify our investments in such companies. In addition, we may compete for acquisition and expansion opportunities with companies that have significantly greater resources than we do. Furthermore, acquisitions could disrupt our ongoing business, distract the attention of our senior officers, increase our expenses, make it difficult to maintain our operational standards, controls and procedures and subject us to contingent and latent risks that are different, in nature and magnitude, than the risks we currently face.

We may finance future acquisitions with cash from operations or additional debt or equity financings. There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate internal cash or obtain financing from external sources or that, if available, such financing will be on terms acceptable to us. The issuance of additional common stock to finance acquisitions may result in substantial dilution to our stockholders. Any debt financing may significantly increase our leverage and may involve restrictive covenants which limit our operations.

If we are successful in acquiring additional businesses, we may experience a period of rapid growth that could place significant additional demands on, and require us to expand, our management, resources and management information systems. Our failure to manage any such rapid growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Recent U.S. tax legislation may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Recently-enacted U.S. tax legislation has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations, including reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time transition tax on all undistributed earnings and profits of certain U.S.-owned foreign corporations, revising the rules governing net operating losses and the rules governing foreign tax credits, and introducing new anti-base erosion provisions. Many of these changes were effective in 2017, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation is unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (IRS), any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.

11

---

Table of Contents

In the period ended December 31, 2017 we recorded a provisional tax benefit of $3.2 million related to the change in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. During the preparation of our 2018 consolidated financial statements we identified an error with accounting for income taxes related to the treatment of a naked credit as a source of income against U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets. This resulted in recording an additional income tax benefit of $3.2 million for the period ended December 31, 2017 which was attributable to the release of our valuation allowance related to U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets. These amounts may be subject to further adjustment in subsequent periods in accordance with subsequent interpretive guidance issued by the SEC or the IRS. While some of the changes made by the tax legislation may be beneficial to us in one or more reporting periods and prospectively, other changes may adversely affect us on a going forward basis. We urge our investors to consult with their legal and tax advisor’s with respect to the impact of such legislation on their respective tax situations.

Our earnings may decline if we write off goodwill and other intangible assets.

As of December 31, 2018, we had recorded goodwill of $46.1 million . Any future impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets may have a significant impact on earnings. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment annually and between annual tests if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. There are numerous risks that may cause the fair value of a reporting unit to fall below its carrying amount, which could lead to the measurement and recognition of goodwill impairment. These risks include, but are not limited to, adverse changes in legal factors or the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, a more-likely-than-not expectation that all or a significant portion of a reporting unit may be disposed of, a sustained decline in our market capitalization, significant negative variances between actual and expected financial results, and lowered expectations of future financial results.

Significant judgments inherent in these analyses include assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the amount of expected future net cash flows. The judgments and assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate the fair value of the reporting units and trade name.

The goodwill of our Training and Simulation Division equaled $24.4 million and the goodwill of our Power Systems Division equaled $21.7 million at December 31, 2018. Based on the discounted cash flow valuation at December 31, 2018, an increase in the WACC or changes in other significant variables for the Power Systems Division could potentially result in impairment.

Some of the components of our products pose potential safety risks which could create potential liability exposure for us.

Some of the components of our products contain elements that are known to pose potential safety risks. In addition to these risks, there can be no assurance that accidents in our facilities will not occur. Any accident, whether occasioned by the use of all or any part of our products or technology or by our manufacturing operations, could adversely affect commercial acceptance of our products and could result in significant production delays or claims for damages resulting from injuries. Any of these occurrences would materially adversely affect our operations and financial condition. In the event that our products fail to perform as specified, users of these products may assert claims for substantial amounts. These claims could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There is no assurance that the amount of the general product liability insurance that we maintain will be sufficient to cover potential claims or that the present amount of insurance can be maintained at the present level of cost, or at all.

Our business is dependent on proprietary rights that may be difficult to protect and could affect our ability to compete effectively.

Our ability to compete effectively will depend on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology and manufacturing processes through a combination of patent and trade secret protection, non-disclosure agreements and licensing arrangements.

Litigation, or participation in administrative proceedings, may be necessary to protect our proprietary rights. This type of litigation can be costly and time consuming and could divert company resources and management attention to defend our rights, and this could harm us even if we were to be successful in the litigation and there is no guarantee we would be successful in such litigation. In the absence of patent protection, and despite our reliance upon our proprietary confidential information, our competitors may be able to use innovations similar to those used by us to design and manufacture products directly competitive with our products. In addition, no assurance can be given that others will not obtain patents that we will need to license or design around. To the extent any of our products are covered by third-party patents, we could need to acquire a license under such patents to develop and market our products.

12

---

Table of Contents

Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights, we may not be successful in doing so. In addition, competition is intense, and there can be no assurance that our competitors will not independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology. In the event of patent litigation, we cannot assure you that a court would determine that we were the first creator of inventions covered by our issued patents or pending patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications for those inventions. If existing or future third-party patents containing broad claims were upheld by the courts or if we were found to infringe third-party patents, we may not be able to obtain the required licenses from the holders of such patents on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain these licenses could cause delays in the introduction of our products or necessitate costly attempts to design around such patents, or could foreclose the development, manufacture or sale of our products. We could also incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in patent infringement suits brought by others and in prosecuting patent infringement suits against infringers.

We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we seek to protect, in part, through non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our customers, employees, consultants, and entities with which we maintain strategic relationships. We cannot assure you that these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.

Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber attacks and other security breaches.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, in our data centers and on our networks. As part of our business, we may face certain security threats, including threats to our information technology infrastructure, attempts to gain access to our proprietary, sensitive or classified information. Cybersecurity threats could evolve quickly and include, but not be limited to, computer viruses, attempts to access information and other electronic security breaches. Our information technology networks and related systems are critical to the operation of our business and essential to our ability to successfully perform day-to-day operations. In addition, our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties with whom we do business generally face similar security threats, and in some cases we must rely on the safeguards put in place by these parties to protect against security threats. We believe we have implemented appropriate measures and controls and have invested in resources to appropriately identify and monitor these threats and mitigate potential risks, including risks involving our customers and suppliers. However, such actions may not be sufficient to prevent cybersecurity breaches, disruptions to mission critical systems, the unauthorized release of sensitive information or corruption of data, or harm to facilities or personnel.

In addition, as a provider of products and services to government and commercial customers, our products and services may be the targets of cyber attacks that attempt to sabotage or otherwise disable such products and services, or our cybersecurity and other products and services ultimately may not be able to effectively detect, prevent, or protect against or otherwise mitigate losses from all cyber attacks. Furthermore, as a defense contractor with a security clearance we would be obligated to notify the Department of Defense of certain penetrations of protected networks.

The impact of these security threats and other disruptions, including cyber attacks and other security breaches, is difficult to predict. However, the cost and operational consequences of responding to breaches and implementing remediation measures could be significant and our insurance coverage may not cover all related costs. These threats and other events could also disrupt our operations, or the operations of our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and other third parties, could require significant management attention and resources, could result in the loss of business, regulatory actions and potential liability, and could negatively impact our reputation among our customers and the public, any one of which could have a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

There are risks involved with the international nature of our business.

A significant portion of our sales are made to customers located outside the U.S., primarily in Europe and Asia. In 2018, 2017, and 2016, 21% , 28% , and 22% , respectively, of our revenues, were derived from sales to customers located outside the U.S. We expect that our international customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our revenues in the near future. Sales to international customers may be subject to political and economic risks, including political instability, currency controls, exchange rate fluctuations, foreign taxes, longer payment cycles and changes in import/export regulations and tariff rates. In addition, various forms of protectionist trade legislation have been and in the future may be proposed in the U.S. and certain other countries. Any resulting changes in current tariff structures or other trade and monetary policies could adversely affect our sales to international customers. See also “Israel-Related Risks,” below.

Risks Related to Government Contracts

A significant portion of our business is dependent on government contracts and reduction or reallocation of defense or law enforcement spending could reduce our revenues.

Most of our customers to date have been in the public sector of the U.S., including the federal, state, and local governments and the military, and in the public sectors of a number of other countries. A significant decrease in the overall level or allocation

13

---

Table of Contents

of defense or law enforcement spending in the U.S. or other countries could reduce our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.

Sales to public sector customers are subject to a multiplicity of detailed regulatory requirements and public policies as well as to changes in training and purchasing priorities. Contracts with public sector customers may be conditioned upon the continuing availability of public funds, which in turn depends upon lengthy and complex budgetary procedures, and may be subject to certain pricing constraints. Moreover, U.S. government contracts and those of many international government customers may generally be terminated for a variety of factors when it is in the best interests of the government and contractors may be suspended or debarred for misconduct at the discretion of the government. There can be no assurance that these factors or others unique to government contracts or the loss or suspension of necessary regulatory licenses will not reduce our revenues and have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.

A decline in the U.S. government defense budget, changes in budgetary priorities or timing of contract awards may adversely affect our future revenues and limit our growth prospects.

Revenues under contracts with the U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”), either as a prime contractor or subcontractor to other contractors, represent a substantial portion of our total revenues. Our operating results could be adversely affected by spending caps or changes in the budgetary priorities of the U.S. Government or the DoD, as well as delays in program starts or the award of contracts or task orders under contracts.

An impasse in federal budget decision-making or an extended government shutdown could lead to substantial delays or reductions in federal spending. For example, as a result of inability of the U.S. Government to reach agreement on budget reduction measures required by the Budget Control Act of 2011, sequestration triggered substantial automatic spending reductions beginning in January 2013, divided between defense and domestic spending over a nine-year period. As a result, U.S. government funding for certain of our customers may be reduced, delayed or eliminated, which could significantly impact these customers’ demand for our products and services and if so would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows. While the future impact of sequestration is uncertain, these automatic across-the-board budget cuts in sequestration could have significant negative consequences to our business and industry.

In years when Congress does not complete its budget process before the end of its fiscal year (September 30), government operations are funded through a continuing resolution (CR) that temporarily funds federal agencies. Recent CRs have generally provided funding at the levels provided in the previous fiscal year and have not authorized new spending initiatives. When the federal government operates under a CR, delays can occur in the procurement of products and services. Historically, such delays have not had a material effect on our business; however, should sequestration not be alleviated, it could continue to have significant consequences to our business and our industry.

Additionally, our business could be affected if the demand for and priority of funding for combat operations overseas decreases, which may reduce the demand for our services on contracts supporting some operations and maintenance activities in the Department of Defense or if we experience an increase in set-asides for small businesses, which could result in our inability to compete directly for prime contracts.

Our U.S. government contracts may be terminated at any time and may contain other unfavorable provisions.

The U.S. government, and other governments, typically can terminate or modify any of its contracts with us either for its convenience or if we default by failing to perform under the terms of the applicable contract. A termination arising out of our default could expose us to liability and have a material adverse effect on our ability to re-compete for future contracts and orders. Our U.S. government contracts contain provisions that allow the U.S. government to unilaterally suspend us from receiving new contracts pending resolution of alleged violations of procurement laws or regulations, reduce the value of existing contracts, issue modifications to a contract and control and potentially prohibit the export of our products, services and associated materials.

Government agencies routinely audit government contracts. These agencies review a contractor’s performance on its contract, pricing practices, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. If we are audited, we will not be reimbursed for any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract, while we would be required to refund any improper costs for which we had already been reimbursed. Therefore, an audit could result in a substantial adjustment to our revenues. If a government audit uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeitures of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspension or debarment from doing business with United States government agencies. We could suffer serious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us. A governmental determination of impropriety or illegality, or an allegation of impropriety, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may be liable for penalties under a variety of procurement rules and regulations, and changes in government regulations could adversely impact our revenues, operating expenses and profitability.

14

---

Table of Contents

Our defense and commercial businesses must comply with and are affected by various government regulations that impact our operating costs, profit margins and our internal organization and operation of our businesses. Among the most significant regulations are the following:

•	the U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulations, which regulate the formation, administration and performance of government contracts;

•	the U.S. Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with contract negotiations; and

•	the U.S. Cost Accounting Standards, which impose accounting requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under certain cost-based government contracts.

These regulations affect how we and our customers do business and, in some instances, impose added costs on our businesses. Any changes in applicable laws could adversely affect the financial performance of the business affected by the changed regulations. With respect to U.S. government contracts, any failure to comply with applicable laws could result in contract termination, price or fee reductions or suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. government.

We may not be able to receive or retain the necessary licenses or authorizations required for us to export or re-export our products, technical data or services, or to transfer technology from foreign sources (including our own subsidiaries) and to work collaboratively with them. Denials of such licenses and authorizations could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

U.S. regulations concerning export controls require us to screen potential customers, destinations, and technology to ensure that sensitive equipment, technology and services are not exported in violation of U.S. policy or diverted to improper uses or users.

In order for us to export certain products, technical data or services, we are required to obtain licenses from the U.S. government, often on a transaction-by-transaction basis. These licenses are generally required for the export of the military versions of our products and technical data and for defense services. We cannot be sure of our ability to obtain the U.S. government licenses or other approvals required to export our products, technical data and services for sales to foreign governments, foreign commercial customers or foreign destinations.

In addition, in order for us to obtain certain technical know-how from foreign vendors and to collaborate on improvements on such technology with foreign vendors, including at times our own foreign subsidiaries, we may need to obtain U.S. government approval for such collaboration through manufacturing license or technical assistance agreements approved by U.S. government export control agencies.

The U.S. government has the right, without notice, to revoke or suspend export licenses and authorizations for reasons of foreign policy, issues over which we have no control.

Failure to receive required licenses or authorizations would hinder our ability to export our products, data and services and to use some advanced technology from foreign sources. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our failure to comply with export control rules could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our failure to comply with the export control rules described above rules could expose us to significant criminal or civil enforcement action by the U.S. government, and a conviction could result in denial of export privileges, as well as contractual suspension or debarment under U.S. government contracts, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operating margins may decline under our fixed-price contracts if we fail to estimate accurately the time and resources necessary to satisfy our obligations.

Some of our contracts are fixed-price contracts under which we bear the risk of any cost overruns. Our profits are adversely affected if our costs under these contracts exceed the assumptions that we used in bidding for the contract. Often, we are required to fix the price for a contract before we finalize the project specifications, which increases the risk that we will misprice these contracts. The complexity of many of our engagements makes accurately estimating our time and resources more difficult. In the event we fail to estimate our time and resources accurately, our expenses will increase and our profitability, if any, under such contracts will decrease.

15

---

Table of Contents

If we are unable to retain our contracts with the U.S. government and subcontracts under U.S. government prime contracts in the competitive rebidding process, our revenues may suffer.

Upon expiration of a U.S. government contract or subcontract under a U.S. government prime contract, if the government customer requires further services of the type provided in the contract, there is frequently a competitive rebidding process. We cannot guarantee that we, or if we are a subcontractor that the prime contractor, will win any particular bid, or that we will be able to replace business lost upon expiration or completion of a contract. Further, all U.S. government contracts are subject to protest by competitors. The termination or nonrenewal of several of our significant contracts could result in considerable revenue shortfalls.

The loss of, or a significant reduction in, U.S. military business would have a material adverse effect on us.

U.S. military contracts account for a significant portion of our business. The U.S. military funds these contracts in annual increments. These contracts require subsequent authorization and appropriation that may not occur or that may be greater than or less than the total amount of the contract. Changes in the U.S. military’s budget, spending allocations and the timing of such spending could adversely affect our ability to receive future contracts. None of our contracts with the U.S. military has a minimum purchase commitment, and the U.S. military generally has the right to cancel its contracts unilaterally without prior notice. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, U.S. military business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Market-Related Risks

The price of our common stock is volatile.

The market price of our common stock has been volatile in the past and may change rapidly in the future. The following factors, among others, may cause significant volatility in our stock price:

•	announcements by us, our competitors, or our customers;

•	the introduction of new or enhanced products and services by us or our competitors;

•	changes in the perceived ability to commercialize our technology compared to that of our competitors;

•	rumors relating to our competitors or us;

•	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;

•	the issuance of our securities, including warrants, in connection with financings and acquisitions; and

•	general market or economic conditions.

If our shares were to be delisted, our stock price might decline further and we might be unable to raise additional capital.

There can be no assurance that our common stock will remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. While our stock would continue to trade on the over-the-counter bulletin board following any delisting from the Nasdaq, any such delisting of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. Trading volume of over-the-counter bulletin board stocks has been historically lower and more volatile than stocks traded on an exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market. As a result, holders of our securities could find it more difficult to sell their securities. Also, if in the future we were to determine that we need to seek additional equity capital, any delisting could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise capital in the public equity markets.

In addition, if we fail to maintain Nasdaq listing for our securities, and no other exclusion from the definition of a “penny stock” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is available, then any broker engaging in a transaction in our securities would be required to provide any customer with a risk disclosure document, disclosure of market quotations, if any, disclosure of the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction and monthly account statements showing the market values of our securities held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotation and compensation information must be provided prior to effecting the transaction and must be contained on the customer’s confirmation. If brokers become subject to the “penny stock” rules when engaging in transactions in our securities, they would become less willing to engage in transactions, thereby making it more difficult for our stockholders to dispose of their shares.

We restated our consolidated financial statements, which may lead to additional risks and uncertainties, including potential shareholder litigation, loss of investor confidence, and negative impacts on our stock price.

In March 2019, we restated our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to errors related to our accounting for income taxes. We restated our historical financial statements for 2017 in this 2018 Form 10-K following the identification of an error, which pertain primarily to the accounting for income taxes related changes in the tax code in the fourth quarter of 2017. This resulted in the Company concluding that the previously issued 2017 consolidated financial statements were misstated.

16

---

Table of Contents

The fact that we have restated our financial statements may lead to a loss of investor confidence, potential shareholder litigation and have negative impacts on the trading price of our common stock, particularly if we are required to complete additional restatements in the future.

We have disclosed material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting and our business and stock price may be adversely affected if our internal controls over financial reporting are not effective.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 and for the three quarterly periods within the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 were not operating effectively and resulted in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to accounting for income taxes. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Even before identification of this material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, as a result of the changes in the tax code, we had determined that we needed to improve our process related to income tax accounting and had begun making improvements in our existing processes during 2018. During 2018, we developed and implemented new control procedures over financial reporting related to accounting for income taxes as described under Part II - Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” titled “Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures” and, as a result of such improvements, we concluded that we had remediated this material weakness as of December 31, 2018. However, we cannot assure you that our new control procedures or our other internal control over financial reporting will prevent additional material weaknesses or other deficiencies in the future. We may be at risk for future material weaknesses, particularly if these new procedures do not operate effectively. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, which could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, lead to a loss of investor confidence, potential shareholder litigation and have a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock. Additionally, failure to maintain effective internal control over our financial reporting could result in government investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities.

We intend to continue to evaluate and monitor our internal controls and implementing appropriate changes to our internal control to address any future material weakness or other deficiencies may require specific compliance training of our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing accounting systems, and/or take a significant period of time to complete. Such changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain that adequacy or inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could result in our financial statements being unreliable, increase our operating costs and materially impair our ability to operate our business.

Compliance with public company obligations, including the securities laws and regulations, is costly and requires significant management resources, and we may fail to comply. We are an “accelerated filer,” and as a result are subject to more comprehensive disclosure obligations, with increased compliance costs.

The federal securities laws and regulations, including the corporate governance and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, impose complex and continually changing regulatory requirements on our operations and reporting. Our legal compliance obligations and costs could harm our results of operations and divert management’s attention from business operations.

Relatively speaking, we are a small company with limited resources. There can be no assurances that we will continue to be able to comply with the various securities laws requirements by applicable deadlines. If our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide us with an unqualified report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for future year ends, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial reporting.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends .

We currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth and, as a result, do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our ability to declare dividends, should we decide to do so, is restricted by the terms of our debt agreements.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage a takeover.

Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of us. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions:

•	divide our board of directors into three classes serving staggered three-year terms;

•	only permit removal of directors by stockholders “for cause,” and require the affirmative vote of at least 85% of the outstanding common stock to so remove; and

17

---

Table of Contents

•	allow us to issue preferred stock without any vote or further action by the stockholders.

The classification system of electing directors and the removal provision may tend to discourage a third-party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us and may maintain the incumbency of our board of directors, as the classification of the board of directors increases the difficulty of replacing a majority of the directors. These provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers, delaying changes in our control or management or may make it more difficult for stockholders to take certain corporate actions. The amendment of any of these provisions would require approval by holders of at least 85% of the outstanding common stock.

Israel-Related Risks

A significant portion of our operations takes place in Israel, and we could be adversely affected by the economic, political and military conditions in that region.

The offices and facilities of Epsilor-EFL are located in Israel (in Beit Shemesh and Dimona, both of which are within Israel’s pre-1967 borders). Although we expect that most of our sales will continue to be made to customers outside Israel, we are nonetheless directly affected by economic, political and military conditions in that country. Accordingly, any major hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors and a state of hostility, varying in degree and intensity, has led to security and economic problems for Israel.

Israel withdrew unilaterally from the Gaza Strip and certain areas in northern Samaria in 2005. Thereafter Hamas, an Islamist terrorist group responsible for many attacks, including missile strikes against Israeli civilian targets, won the majority of the seats in the Parliament of the Palestinian Authority in January 2006 and took control of the entire Gaza Strip, by force, in June 2007. Since then, Hamas and other Palestinian movements have launched thousands of missiles from the Gaza strip into civilian targets in southern Israel.

Our Israeli production facilities in the cities of Beit Shemesh and Dimona are located approximately 27 miles and 38 miles, respectively, from the nearest point of the border with the Gaza Strip. There can be no assurance that Hamas will not begin to use on a more frequent basis longer-range missiles capable of reaching our facilities, which could result in a significant disruption of the Israel-based portion of our business. Additionally, recent political events, including political uprisings, social unrest and regime change, in various countries in the Middle East and North Africa have weakened the stability of those countries, which could result in extremists coming to power, including in countries with which Israel has signed peace treaties that may not be respected by extremists. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel, and is widely believed to be developing nuclear weapons. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon. These situations may potentially escalate in the future to more violent events which may affect Israel and us. Any major hostilities involving Israel, including as a result of the military conflicts between the Fatah and Hamas in Gaza Strip, Judea and Samaria, or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Enforcement of civil liabilities against our Israeli assets may be difficult to obtain.

We are organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and will be subject to service of process in the United States. However, approximately 22.1% of our assets are located outside the United States.

There is doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in original actions instituted in Israel. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. laws against our assets located in Israel. In addition, awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the U.S. or elsewhere may be unenforceable in Israel.

Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the Israeli NIS may negatively affect our earnings.

Although a substantial majority of our revenues and a substantial portion of our expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, a portion of our costs, including personnel and facilities-related expenses, is incurred in New Israeli Shekels (NIS). Inflation in Israel will have the effect of increasing the dollar cost of our operations in Israel, unless it is offset on a timely basis by a devaluation of the NIS relative to the dollar. In 2018, the inflation-adjusted NIS appreciated against the dollar.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

Our primary administrative offices are located in the offices of our Training and Simulation Division, consisting of approximately 17,300 square feet of office and warehouse space in Ann Arbor, Michigan, pursuant to a lease expiring in December

18

---

Table of Contents

2020. We own 57,200 square feet of office, production, and warehouse space near our administrative offices in Ann Arbor. We sublease 7,000 square feet of surplus space in this building for a term of five years with a five year option. The current sublessee has exercised their five year option to sublease this surplus space, which will expire January 31, 2023. Additionally, we also lease 10,000 square feet of office and lab space in Oviedo, Florida pursuant to a lease expiring in October 2019.

Our Power Systems Division operates out of facilities in Hanahan, South Carolina, constituting approximately 56,200 square feet, which are leased from the former owners of UEC through the end of 2028 with an option on our part to renew through 2033.

Our Power Systems Division also maintains approximately 23,000 square feet of factory, office and warehouse space in Dimona, Israel, in Israel’s Negev desert (within Israel’s pre-1967 borders), on a month-to-month basis.

Our research, development and production facilities for the manufacture and assembly of our Survivor Locator Lights, constituting approximately 21,000 square feet, are located in Beit Shemesh, Israel, located between Jerusalem and Tel-Aviv (within Israel’s pre-1967 borders), pursuant to a five-year lease for these facilities expiring at the end of 2022, with an option on our part to renew for an additional period of five years.

We believe that our existing and currently planned facilities are adequate to meet our current and foreseeable future needs.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

As of the date of this filing, there were no material pending legal proceedings against us.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Information about our equity compensation plans may be found in Part III - Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this report which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market. Our Nasdaq ticker symbol is “ARTX.” As of February 28, 2019, we had approximately 127 registered holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. The Board of Directors presently intends to retain all earnings for use in our business. Any future determination as to payment of dividends will depend upon our financial condition and results of operations and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. Additionally, our ability to declare dividends should we decide to do so is restricted by the terms of our debt agreements.

Performance Graph

The following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

The following graph compares our cumulative total stockholder return for the past five years with the cumulative total return on the Russell Microcap Index (Broad Market Index) and a self-constructed peer group index (the “Peer Group”) consisting of two companies in the simulation and training space (Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. (Nasdaq: KTOS) and VirTra Systems, Inc. (OTC: VTSI)) and three companies in the power and defense space (Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (NYSE: ESP), Highpower International, Inc. (Nasdaq: HPJ), and KVH Industries, Inc. (Nasdaq: KVHI). The market capitalization of the peer companies in the simulation and training space is roughly equivalent to that of the peer companies in the power and defense space, and we believe that all these companies are “microcap” companies that are fairly comparable to us.

19

---

Table of Contents

The cumulative total stockholder return is based on $100 invested in our common stock and in the respective indices on December 31, 2013, and assumes that all dividends were reinvested. The stock prices on the performance graph are not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

*$100 invested on 12/31/13 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.

Fiscal year ending December 31.

Copyright © 2019 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.

	12/13			12/14			12/15			12/16			12/17			12/18
Arotech Corporation	100.00			66.48			58.45			100.29			101.72			75.07
Russell MicroCap	100.00			103.65			98.30			118.32			133.90			116.39
Peer Group	100.00			82.88			66.57			97.99			123.28			151.43

(1)

The Peer Group is comprised of the following companies: Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. (Nasdaq: KTOS), VirTra Systems, Inc. (OTC: VTSI), Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (NYSE: ESP), Highpower International, Inc. (Nasdaq: HPJ), and KVH Industries, Inc. (Nasdaq: KVHI). The returns of each company have been weighted according to their respective stock market capitalization for purposes of arriving at a peer group average.

20

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected financial information set forth below with respect to the consolidated statements of operations for each of the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, and with respect to the consolidated balance sheets at the end of each such fiscal year, has been derived from our consolidated financial statements audited by BDO USA, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.

The financial information set forth below is qualified by and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in Part II - Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Report and the notes thereto and Part II - Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” , below.

Income (loss) from continuing operations and the related per basic and dilute share amounts for 2017 have been restated due to the correction of an error related to income tax accounting. See discussion at Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Part II - Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” titled “Accounting for Income Taxes”.

The financial results of the Company are presented as continuing operations for all periods presented. The loss from discontinued operations reported for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $1.4 million and $894,000, respectively.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016				2015				2014
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations:
Revenues	$	96,600			$	98,723			$	92,975			$	96,574			$	103,562
Cost of revenues	$	67,402			$	71,083			$	64,825			$	68,457			$	70,855
Research and development expenses	$	3,031			$	3,041			$	2,723			$	3,075			$	2,926
Selling and marketing expenses	$	8,176			$	7,874			$	7,029			$	5,373			$	5,921
General and administrative expenses	$	12,919			$	11,624			$	15,308			$	16,339			$	17,261
Amortization of intangible assets	$	1,677			$	2,206			$	2,876			$	3,044			$	2,697
Total operating costs and expenses	$	93,205			$	95,828			$	92,761			$	96,288			$	99,660
Operating income	$	3,395			$	2,895			$	214			$	286			$	3,902
Other income (expense)	$	(39	)		$	(8	)		$	65			$	(24	)		$	2,512
Financial expense, net	$	(922	)		$	(1,077	)		$	(975	)		$	(1,152	)		$	(1,507	)
Total other income (expense)	$	(961	)		$	(1,085	)		$	(910	)		$	(1,176	)		$	1,005
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	2,434			$	1,810			$	(696	)		$	(890	)		$	4,907
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	564			$	(5,225	)		$	784			$	1,161			$	1,024
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	1,870			$	7,035			$	(1,480	)		$	(2,051	)		$	3,883
Basic net income (loss) per share – continuing operations	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.06	)		$	(0.08	)		$	0.18
Diluted net income (loss) per share – continuing operations	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.06	)		$	(0.08	)		$	0.17
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per share	26,471,507				26,380,312				25,494,097				23,687,733				21,934,532
Weighted average number of shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share	26,471,507				26,380,312				25,494,097				23,687,733				22,537,272

21

---

Table of Contents

	As At December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016				2015				2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted collateral deposits	$	4,445			$	5,489			$	7,400			$	10,698			$	11,528
Receivables and other assets	$	54,001			$	50,289			$	43,782			$	45,612			$	49,485
Property and equipment, net of depreciation	$	8,914			$	9,276			$	5,915			$	6,385			$	6,463
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	$	50,604			$	51,344			$	52,313			$	54,798			$	57,263
Total assets	$	117,964			$	116,398			$	109,410			$	117,493			$	124,739
Current liabilities	$	27,701			$	26,319			$	23,761			$	26,777			$	28,117
Long-term liabilities	$	13,487			$	15,785			$	20,564			$	26,669			$	30,267
Stockholders’ equity	$	76,776			$	74,294			$	65,085			$	64,047			$	66,355
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	117,964			$	116,398			$	109,410			$	117,493			$	124,739

22

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. When used in this discussion, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors including, but not limited to, those set forth elsewhere in this report. This should be read in conjunction with, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes included within Part II - Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Report ,as well as the discussion of our business and related risk factors in Part I - Item 1. “Business” and Part I - Item 1A. “Risk Factors” . See also “Cautionary Statement Pursuant to Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,” above, and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We have restated our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to the identification of an error in accounting for income taxes related to the treatment of a naked tax credit as a source of income against non-net operating loss (“NOL”) deferred tax assets. As a result we did not record a reversal of our valuation allowance associated with these deferred tax assets within the enactment period. We concluded that we should restate our consolidated financial statements for 2017. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth below provides a discussion of and reflects the effects of the restatement. See details at Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

We have rounded amounts reported here to the nearest thousand, unless such amounts are more than $1.0 million, in which event we have rounded such amounts to the nearest hundred thousand.

General

We are a defense and security company engaged in two business areas: interactive simulation, and batteries and charging systems.

Ø	We develop, manufacture and market advanced high-tech multimedia and interactive digital solutions for engineering, use-of-force training and operator training of military, law enforcement, security, emergency services and other personnel through our Training and Simulation Division.

Ø

We provide advanced battery solutions, innovative energy management and power distribution technologies and world-class product design and manufacturing services for the aerospace, defense, law enforcement and homeland security markets, and we manufacture and sell primary rechargeable batteries, for defense and security products and medical and industrial applications through our Power Systems Division.

Recent Developments

On October 3, 2018, our U.S. Power Systems Division subsidiary was informed by its customer, Science Applications International Corporation (“SAIC”), that the United States Marine Corps (“USMC”) had discontinued its efforts to upgrade the Assault Amphibious Vehicle (“AAV”) fleet that was undergoing survivability and electrical upgrades under a prime contract with SAIC. As a result of this termination for the USMC’s convenience, we presented our costs related to this program for reimbursement by SAIC and the USMC in December 2018. The amount of reimbursement and time frame for resolution have not yet been determined.

Federal Income Tax

Our deferred income tax benefit and net deferred income tax liabilities have been restated as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to the correction of errors related to the treatment of a naked tax credit as a source of income against non-net operating loss (“NOL”) U.S. federal deferred tax assets. As a result, we did not record a reversal of our valuation allowance associated with these deferred tax assets within the period of enactment, resulting in us concluding that the previously issued 2017 consolidated financial statements were misstated. Accordingly, we have restated our 2017 consolidated financial statements to reflect the impact of releasing a portion of the previously reported valuation allowance associated with the expected reversal of these U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets. This resulted in an increase in the deferred income tax benefit for 2017 by $3.2 million with a corresponding increase to net income and earnings per share. See details in Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes broad complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to, reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requiring reversing U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets to convert to an NOL carryforward with an indefinite carryforward

23

---

Table of Contents

period, requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creating new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings and additional limitations on the deductibility of interest.

The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) in December 2017 to provide guidance on accounting for the effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides for a measurement period of up to one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete their assessment of and accounting for those effects of the Tax Act.  Under SAB 118, a company must first reflect the income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting is complete in the period of the date of enactment. To the extent the accounting for other income tax effects is incomplete, but a reasonable estimate can be determined, companies must record a provisional estimate to be included in their financial statements. The measurement period ended during the fourth quarter of 2018 and we completed our accounting for the effects of the Tax Act and did not make material adjustments to the amounts recorded in 2018. However, we did adjust for the restatement for the income tax accounting errors in 2017 as referenced above.

In 2017 (as restated), we recorded tax benefits related to the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act that included adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities for the change in tax rates and recognizing the effects of releasing our valuation allowance associated with U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets expected to reverse in the future by utilizing indefinite lived U.S. federal deferred tax liabilities as a source of future taxable income of $3.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively. We had no liabilities associated with the one-time transition tax related to our foreign subsidiary due to the accumulated net loss position of the subsidiary.

Beginning in 2018, the Tax Act provided a 100% deduction for dividends received from 10-percent owned foreign corporations by U.S. corporate shareholders, subject to a one-year holding period. Although dividend income is now exempt from U.S. federal tax in the hands of the U.S. corporate shareholders, companies must still apply the guidance of ASC 740-30-25-18 to account for the tax consequences of outside basis differences and other tax impacts of their investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. While we did not accrue the transition tax on the deemed repatriated earnings that were previously indefinitely reinvested, we were unable to determine a reasonable estimate as of December 31, 2017 of the remaining tax liability, if any, under the Tax Act for its remaining outside basis. Upon completion of our analysis throughout 2018, we determined that the recording of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of our foreign subsidiary was not required as of December 31, 2018 due to the existence of accumulated losses. It is our assertion that we will permanently reinvest any future earnings from our foreign subsidiary back into its operations.

The Tax Act limits NOL deductions to 80% of taxable income for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The amendments disallow the carryback of NOLs but allow for the indefinite carryforward of NOLs, which would be considered an indefinite lived asset.

Discontinued Operations

During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a plan to discontinue the Flow Battery segment. The discontinuance was a strategic shift that had a major effect on our operations and financial results; therefore, the results of the Flow Battery segment were reclassified as discontinued operations as of and for the period ended December 31, 2016.

Our financial results are presented as continuing operations in the Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented. See Note 1, “General,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The loss from discontinued operations reported for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $1.4 million. The impact of the discontinued operations on operating activities and on investing activities within the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $(1.3 million) and $(252,000), respectively.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, it was determined that we were not able to execute our plan to sell the assets associated with the Flow Battery segment. As a result, assets in the amount of $270,000 were reclassified on the consolidated balance sheet into property and equipment, which are being used in our operations and therefore are not considered to be impaired as of December 31, 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for bad debts, taxes, inventory, purchase price allocation, contingencies and deferred warranty revenue, impairment of intangible assets and goodwill. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Under different assumptions or conditions, actual results may differ from these estimates.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

24

---

Table of Contents

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method.  We evaluated the distinct performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition of our significant contracts upon adoption of the standard.  Consequently, after our review of contracts in each revenue stream, we concluded that the impact of adopting the standard did not have an impact to our consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, or cash flows.

During 2018, 2017, and 2016, we recognized revenues from (i) the sale and customization of interactive training systems (Training and Simulation Division); (ii) maintenance services in connection with such systems (Training and Simulation Division); (iii) the sale of batteries, chargers and adapters, and custom power solutions (Power Systems Division); and (iv) the sale of lifejacket lights (Power Systems Division).

We determined our revenue recognition through the following steps:

•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•	Identification of the performance obligations within the contract

•	Determination of the transaction price

•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract

•	Recognition of revenue when, or as the performance obligation has been satisfied

Accounting for Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax expense provision. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of cost reimbursement arrangements among related entities, the process of identifying items of revenue and expense that qualify for preferential tax treatment and segregation of foreign and domestic income. Although we believe that our estimates are reasonable, the final tax outcome of these matters may be different than that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals.

The Tax Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes broad complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to, reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requiring reversing U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets to convert to an NOL carryforward with an indefinite carryforward period, requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creating new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings and additional limitations on the deductibility of interest. The Tax Act is complex and requires interpretation of certain provisions to estimate the impact on our income tax expense. The estimates are based on the information available and our current interpretation of the Tax Act, and may change due to changes in interpretations and assumptions we make and additional guidance or context from the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Treasury Department, the Financial Accounting Standards Board or others regarding the Tax Act. Our accounting for the impacts of the Tax Act is provisional and our actual income tax benefit could differ from our estimates. Please refer to Note 13, “Financial Expense,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

We have provided a valuation allowance on our net deferred income tax assets, which includes federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, because of the uncertainty regarding their realization. Our accounting for deferred taxes under FASB ASC 740-10, involves the evaluation of a number of factors concerning the realizability of our deferred tax assets. In concluding that a valuation allowance was required, we primarily considered such factors as our history of operating losses and expected future losses in certain jurisdictions and the nature of our deferred tax assets. We provided a valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets resulting principally from the carryforward of NOLs. At December 31, 2017, based upon provisions of the Tax Act, we reduced the valuation allowance by $3.2 million after consideration of U.S. deferred tax assets reversing into indefinite-lived NOLs, which can now be applied against taxable temporary differences related to indefinite-lived intangible assets as a future source of taxable income. Management currently believes that it is more likely than not that except for the differences related to these indefinite-lived intangible assets, our deferred tax assets in the U.S. and Israel will not be realized in the foreseeable future, but as our results improve, this may change in future periods. We were not required to record any amounts for our foreign subsidiaries relating to the one-time tax on accumulated foreign earnings provision of the Tax Act due to the accumulated net loss position of the foreign subsidiary.

We have indefinite-lived intangible assets consisting of trademarks and goodwill. Pursuant to FASB ASC 350-10, these indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized for financial reporting purposes. However, these assets are tax deductible, and therefore amortized over 15 years for tax purposes. As such, deferred income tax expense and a U.S. federal deferred tax liability arise as a result of the tax-deductibility of these indefinite-lived intangible assets. The resulting U.S. federal deferred tax liability, which is expected to continue to increase over time, will have an indefinite life, resulting in what is referred to as a “naked tax credit.” This U.S. federal deferred tax liability could remain on our balance sheet indefinitely for continuing operations unless

25

---

Table of Contents

there is an impairment of the related assets (for financial reporting purposes), or the business to which those assets relate were to be disposed of. Due to the fact that the aforementioned deferred tax liability could have an indefinite life, these deferred tax liabilities are now being utilized as a future source of taxable income against U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets that will convert into net operating losses with an unlimited carryforward period, as allowed by the Tax Act.

Accounting standards prescribe a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken in a tax return. We must determine whether it is “more-likely-than-not” that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Once it is determined that a position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the position is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. Uncertain tax positions require determinations of estimated liabilities to be made based on provisions of the tax law which may be subject to change or varying interpretation. If our determinations and estimates prove to be inaccurate, the resulting adjustments could be material to our future financial statements.

In addition, we operate within multiple taxing jurisdictions and may be subject to audits in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues that may require an extended period of time for resolution. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made.

Inventories

Our policy for valuation of inventory and commitments to purchase inventory, including the determination of obsolete or excess inventory, requires us to perform a detailed assessment of inventory at each balance sheet date, which includes a review of, among other factors, an estimate of future demand for products within specific time horizons, valuation of existing inventory, as well as product lifecycle and product development plans. The estimates of future demand that we use in the valuation of inventory are the basis for our revenue forecast, which is also used for our short-term manufacturing plans. Inventory reserves are also provided to cover risks arising from slow-moving items. We write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. We may be required to record additional inventory write-downs if actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by our management. If the inventory reserve increased by 10%, the impact would not be material to the consolidated financial statements. For fiscal 2018 , no significant changes were made to the underlying assumptions related to estimates of inventory valuation or the methodology applied.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Life Intangibles

Certain business acquisitions have resulted in the recording of goodwill and indefinite-life intangible assets, primarily trademark assets, which are not amortized. We had goodwill of $46.1 million and trademark assets with a carrying value of $799,000 for the periods ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is the operating segment or one level below the operating segment, also known as a component. Two or more components of an operating segment shall be aggregated into a single reporting unit if the components have similar economic characteristics, based on an assessment of various factors. We have determined that the Training and Simulation Division and the Power System Division segments are reporting units.

We have historically performed our annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31 each year. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from December 31 to October 1. We believe this change in measurement date, which represents a change in method of applying an accounting principle, is preferable under the circumstances as it better aligns with our forecasting and annual budgeting process timeline. As we assess qualitative factors that may give rise to triggering events quarterly, we did not consider the change in date of our annual impairment test material to our financial statements.

We conduct a qualitative assessment by analyzing a variety of factors that could influence the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-life intangible, including, but not limited to: the results of prior quantitative assessments performed; changes in the carrying amount of the reporting unit or indefinite-life intangible; actual and projected revenue and operating margin; relevant market data for both us and our peer companies; industry outlooks; macroeconomic conditions; liquidity; changes in key personnel; and our competitive position. We use significant judgment to evaluate the totality of these events and factors to make the determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-life intangible is less than its carrying value.

If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform the impairment evaluation using the quantitative assessment. Under the quantitative assessment, the first step identifies whether there is a potential impairment by comparing the fair value of our reporting unit to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of our reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then a test is performed to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized based on the amount that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value. When measuring the fair value of its reporting units in the quantitative assessment, we use widely accepted valuation techniques, applying a combination of the income approach (discounted cash flows) and market approach (market multiples).

26

---

Table of Contents

When preparing discounted cash flow models under the income approach, we use internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows expected to be generated by the reporting units. To discount these cash flows, we use the expected cost of equity, determined by using a capital asset pricing model. We believe the discount rates used appropriately reflect the risks and uncertainties in the financial markets generally and specifically in our internally-developed forecasts. When using market multiples under the market approach, we apply comparable publicly traded companies’ multiples (for example, earnings or revenues) to our reporting units’ actual results.

The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate fair value. Estimated cash flows are sensitive to changes in the economy among other things. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Furthermore, if the cash flows from the Power Systems reporting unit were lower by 10%, then the fair value of the reporting unit would approximate the carrying value of the reporting unit.

However, estimates are inherently uncertain and represent only management’s reasonable expectations regarding future developments. These estimates and the judgments and assumptions upon which the estimates are based will, in all likelihood, differ in some respects from actual future results. Should a significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions occur, such as declines in government spending; the inability to pass increases in the costs of raw materials on to customers; or a decline in comparable company market multiples, then key judgments and assumptions could be impacted.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, we performed a qualitative assessment for our Training and Simulation reporting unit and we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. For our Power Systems reporting unit, we performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill for the purpose of determining whether an impairment existed at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . As a result of our quantitative analysis, in which we computed the fair value of the Power Systems reporting unit, we concluded that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the reporting unit’s carrying value by approximately 10% and 22%, respectively. If we had changed the discount rate by 50 basis points the fair value of the reporting unit would have decreased by approximately 5.0%.

As a result of this analysis, we concluded that the goodwill recorded in relation to the Power Systems reporting unit was not impaired at October 1, 2018 .

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets are amortized over the period during which benefits are expected to accrue, currently estimated at one to ten years.

The determination of the value of such intangible assets requires us to make assumptions regarding future business conditions and operating results in order to estimate future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. If these estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, we could be required to record additional impairment charges.

Impairment analysis triggering events include a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of the long lived asset, and a current expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

Functional Currency

The United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”) is the currency of the primary economic environment in which our U.S. subsidiaries operate and we have adopted and are using the U.S. dollar as our functional currency. Transactions and balances originally denominated in U.S. dollars are presented at the original amounts. Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than dollars are re-measured into dollars, with resulting gains and losses reflected in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

In the first quarter of 2018, we concluded that the functional currency for our Israeli subsidiary, Epsilor-EFL, had changed from the New Israeli Shekel (“NIS”) to the U.S. dollar.  The primary reason for the change in functional currencies is due to a change in our operations whereby the majority of our contracts and our material costs is now anticipated to be sourced in U.S. dollars. We believe that the change in functional currency for this business was necessary as it reflects the primary economic environment in which Epsilor-EFL operates.

The financial statements of Epsilor-EFL are reported in U.S. dollars. All balance sheet accounts were translated using the exchange rates in effect at the time of the change in functional currency. Certain of Epsilor-EFL’s subsidiaries continue to operate under the NIS functional currency. Correspondingly, translation gains and losses are reported in our statement of operations and comprehensive income and cash flows. The statements of operations and comprehensive income and cash flows are also reported in U.S. dollars.

27

---

Table of Contents

New Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. In addition, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvement to Topic 842 .

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to Topic 842 . This amendment provides the Company with an additional and optional transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, the Company can apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption and present the accounting on a prospective or go-forward basis instead of applying to the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019.

The Company has elected to apply the new transition method upon adoption of the new standard. The Company also elected the available practical expedients on adoption. In preparation for adoption of the standard, the Company finalized changes to systems, implemented internal controls and key processes to enable the preparation of financial information.

The new standard will likely have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The most significant impact will be the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases and will result in additional ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of approximately $3.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . The amendments provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues for which the current accounting framework does not provide specific guidance. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018, as required by the new standard.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash , which requires that restricted cash be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The provisions of ASU 2016-18 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.

For information on recently issued but not yet adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained within this report.

28

---

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Summary

Following is a table summarizing our results of continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , after which we present a narrative discussion and analysis.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016
Revenues:
Training and Simulation Division	$	56,708,170			$	50,254,324			$	46,358,794
Power Systems Division	39,891,571				48,468,354				46,616,958
	$	96,599,741			$	98,722,678			$	92,975,752
Cost of revenues:
Training and Simulation Division	$	33,235,613			$	29,223,721			$	26,193,216
Power Systems Division	34,166,650				41,858,987				38,632,200
	$	67,402,263			$	71,082,708			$	64,825,416
Research and development expenses:
Training and Simulation Division	$	1,706,606			$	2,544,164			$	2,030,485
Power Systems Division	1,323,863				496,966				692,480
	$	3,030,469			$	3,041,130			$	2,722,965
Selling and marketing expenses:
Training and Simulation Division	$	6,440,536			$	6,204,037			$	5,517,682
Power Systems Division	1,734,967				1,670,327				1,511,408
	$	8,175,503			$	7,874,364			$	7,029,090
General and administrative expenses:
Training and Simulation Division	$	4,444,119			$	4,235,512			$	4,556,990
Power Systems Division	4,342,723				3,847,728				4,011,769
Corporate	4,132,595				3,540,660				6,739,702
	$	12,919,437			$	11,623,900			$	15,308,461
Amortization of intangible assets:
Training and Simulation Division	$	410,693			$	397,880			$	461,168
Power Systems Division	1,266,750				1,807,875				2,414,375
	$	1,677,443			$	2,205,755			$	2,875,543
Operating income (loss)
Training and Simulation Division	$	10,470,603			$	7,649,010			$	7,599,253
Power Systems Division	(2,943,382		)		(1,213,529		)		(645,274		)
Corporate	(4,132,595		)		(3,540,660		)		(6,739,702		)
	$	3,394,626			$	2,894,821			$	214,277
Other income (expense):
Training and Simulation Division	$	6,340			$	(2,293	)		$	9,430
Power Systems Division	(45,417		)		(5,620		)		47,673
Corporate	—				(243		)		7,729
	$	(39,077	)		$	(8,156	)		$	64,832
Financial (expense) income:
Training and Simulation Division	$	(256,452	)		$	(122,875	)		$	(41,397	)
Power Systems Division	22,638				(255,835		)		(87,371		)
Corporate	(688,139		)		(697,949		)		(846,495		)
	$	(921,953	)		$	(1,076,659	)		$	(975,263	)
Income tax (benefit) expense:
Training and Simulation Division	$	292,599			$	41,391			$	(24,634	)
Power Systems Division	(211,080		)		195,592				(28,507		)
Corporate	482,122				(5,461,858		)		836,561
	$	563,641			$	(5,224,875	)		$	783,420
Net income (loss) - continuing operations:
Training and Simulation Division	$	9,927,892			$	7,482,451			$	7,591,920
Power Systems Division	(2,755,081		)		(1,670,576		)		(656,465		)
Corporate	(5,302,856		)		1,223,006				(8,415,029		)
	$	1,869,955			$	7,034,881			$	(1,479,574	)

29

---

Table of Contents

Fiscal Year 2018 compared to Fiscal Year 2017 (as restated)

Revenues . We recognized revenues as follows:

Ø	Training and Simulation Division – We recognized revenues from the sale of air warfare simulators and vehicle simulators, interactive use-of-force training systems and from the provision of maintenance services in connection with such systems.

Ø	Power Systems Division – We recognized revenues from sales of electronics engineering products and provision of design services for the military, as well as from the sale of batteries, chargers, adapters and power hub products to the military and commercial customers. We also recognized revenues from the sale of water-activated battery (“WAB”) lifejacket lights.

Revenues for 2018 totaled $96.6 million , compared to $98.7 million in 2017 , a decrease of $(2.1) million , or (2.2)% , due primarily to higher revenues in our Training and Simulation Division offset by lower revenues in our Power Systems Division. In 2018 , revenues were $56.7 million for the Training and Simulation Division as compared to $50.2 million in 2017 , an increase of $6.5 million , or 12.8% , primarily due to increased sales of interactive use-of-force training systems related to new sales to the U.S. Air Force and increased sales of our Vehicle Simulation products; and $39.9 million for the Power Systems Division as compared to $48.5 million in 2017 , a decrease of $(8.6) million , or (17.7)% , due primarily to a reduction in manufacturing of certain batteries in our Israeli operations for the Israeli Ministry of Defense and a decrease in revenues in our U.S. subsidiary related to terminations and delays on key customer programs. In late August, the government issued a stop work order on the AAV program, which ultimately led to the termination for the government’s convenience of the AAV program on October 3, 2018.

The table below details the percentage of total recognized revenue by type of arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 :

		Year Ended December 31,
Type of Revenue		2018			2017
Sale of products		94.3	%		96.2	%
Maintenance and support agreements		3.7	%		3.2	%
Long term research and development contracts		2.0	%		0.6	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

Cost of revenues . Cost of revenues totaled $67.4 million during 2018 , compared to $71.1 million in 2017 , a decrease of $(3.7) million , or (5.2)% , due primarily to a decrease in revenues. Cost of revenues were $33.2 million for the Training and Simulation Division as compared to $29.2 million in 2017 , an increase of $4.0 million , or 13.7% , due primarily to higher costs associated with increased sales for interactive use-of-force training systems related to new sales to the U.S. Air Force and increased sales of our Vehicle Simulation products, and $34.2 million for the Power Systems Division as compared to $41.9 million in 2017 , a decrease of $(7.7) million , or (18.4)% , due primarily to reduction in manufacturing of certain batteries in our Israeli operations and a decrease in revenues in our U.S. subsidiary related to terminations and delays on key customer programs.

Research and development expenses . Research and development expenses were $3.0 million for 2018 and 2017 .

Selling and marketing expenses . Selling and marketing expenses for 2018 were $8.2 million , compared to $7.8 million in 2017 , an increase of $301,000 , or 3.8% , due primarily to increased selling and marketing efforts in our Training and Simulation Division.

General and administrative expenses . General and administrative expenses for 2018 were $12.9 million , compared to $11.6 million in 2017 , an increase of $1.3 million or 11.1% . The increase is primarily due to increased investment in the Israeli operations, non-income based taxes, a temporary increase in professional service fees, and incentive based compensation.

Amortization of intangible assets . Amortization of intangible assets totaled $1.7 million in 2018 , compared to $2.2 million in 2017 , a decrease of $(528,000) , or (24.0)% , due primarily to higher amortization expense recognized in 2017 pertaining to shorter lived intangible assets.

Other expense, net . Other expense totaled $(39,000) in 2018, compared to expense of $(8,000) in 2017 , an increase in expense of $(31,000) .

Financial expense, net . Financial expense totaled $(922,000) in 2018 , compared to financial expense of $(1.1) million in 2017 , a decrease of $155,000 , or (14.4)% , primarily due to a net decrease in foreign exchange losses offset by an increase in interest expense related to Term Loan C, due to the inception of the new mortgage in June 2017.

Income taxes . We recorded tax expense of $564,000 in 2018 , compared to a $(5.2) million tax benefit in 2017 (as restated) , an increase in tax expense of $5.8 million , or 110.8% . The primary reasons for the increase in income tax expense are attributable to tax benefits arising in 2017 related to the release of our valuation allowance associated with realizability of our non-NOL deferred tax assets, and the change in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% attributable to the Tax Act.

30

---

Table of Contents

Net income (loss) . Due to the factors cited above, we went from a net income of $7.0 million in 2017 (as restated) to net income of $1.9 million in 2018 .

Fiscal Year 2017 (as restated) compared to Fiscal Year 2016

Revenues . We recognized revenues as follows:

Ø	Training and Simulation Division – We recognized revenues from the sale of air warfare simulators and vehicle simulators, interactive use-of-force training systems and from the provision of maintenance services in connection with such systems.

Ø	Power Systems Division – We recognized revenues from sales of electronics engineering products and provision of design services for the military, as well as from the sale of batteries, chargers, adapters and power hub products to the military and commercial customers. We also recognized revenues from the sale of water-activated battery (“WAB”) lifejacket lights.

Revenues for 2017 totaled $98.7 million , compared to $93.0 million in 2016 , an increase of $5.7 million , or 6.2% , due primarily to higher revenues in both our divisions. In 2017 , revenues were $50.2 million for the Training and Simulation Division as compared to $46.4 million in 2016 , an increase of $3.8 million , or 8.2% , due primarily to significant revenue growth in all product lines offset by a decline in revenues associated with the wind-down of the first phase of our VCTS program in preparation for the ramp up of the second phase of our VCTS program; and $48.5 million for the Power Systems Division as compared to $46.6 million in 2016 , an increase of $1.9 million , or 4.1% , due primarily to increases in key programs in Israel of $4.1 million offset by a decline in revenues at UEC of $2.2 million primarily attributable to the timing of contract awards and the receipt of material used in production of key programs.

The table below details the percentage of total recognized revenue by type of arrangement for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 :

		Year Ended December 31,
Type of Revenue		2017			2016
Sale of products		96.2	%		95.3	%
Maintenance and support agreements		3.2	%		4.3	%
Long term research and development contracts		0.6	%		0.4	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

Cost of revenues . Cost of revenues totaled $71.1 million during 2017 , compared to $64.8 million in 2016 , an increase of $6.3 million , or 9.7% , due primarily to higher costs associated with higher revenues in both our divisions. Cost of revenues were $29.2 million for the Training and Simulation Division as compared to $26.2 million in 2016 , an increase of $3.0 million , or 11.5% , due primarily to higher costs associated with increased revenues, and $41.9 million for the Power Systems Division as compared to $38.6 million in 2016 , an increase of $3.3 million or 8.5% , due primarily to higher costs associated with increased revenues.

Research and development expenses . Research and development expenses for 2017 were $3.0 million , compared to $2.7 million during 2016 , an increase of $318,000 , or 11.7% , due primarily to increased development activities in our Vehicle Simulation product area offset by a decrease in research and development expense as key personnel were assigned to project-related development activities in our U.S. operations of our Power Systems Division.

Selling and marketing expenses . Selling and marketing expenses for 2017 were $7.8 million , compared to $7.0 million in 2016 , an increase of $845,000 , or 12.0% , due primarily to increased selling and marketing efforts in our Vehicle Simulation product area as well as increased efforts in our use-of-force product areas.

General and administrative expenses . General and administrative expenses for 2017 were $11.6 million , compared to $15.3 million in 2016 , a decrease of $(3.7) million or (24.1)% . The decrease is primarily due to $1.4 million in lower salaries and benefits, $1.0 million non-recurring severance resulting from the 2016 separation of our former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer as well as a reduction in our stock compensation expense in the amount of $480,000.

Amortization of intangible assets . Amortization of intangible assets totaled $2.2 million in 2017 , compared to $2.9 million in 2016 , a decrease of $(670,000) , or (23.3)% , due primarily to higher amortization expense recognized in 2016 pertaining to shorter lived intangible assets.

Other income (expense), net . Other expense totaled $(8,000) in 2017 , compared to income of $65,000 in 2016 , an increase in expense of $(73,000) .

Financial expense, net . Financial expense totaled $(1.1) million in 2017 , compared to financial expense of $(1.0) million in 2016 , an increase of $(101,000) , or 10.4% , due primarily to foreign exchange transactions.

Income taxes . We recorded a $(5.2) million tax benefit in 2017 (as restated) , compared to $783,000 in tax expense in 2016 , a decrease in tax expense of $(6.0) million , or (766.9)% . The primary causes for the decrease in income tax expense pertain

31

---

Table of Contents

to the restatement associated with the release of our valuation allowance and the re-measurement of our deferred tax liabilities associated with the change in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% attributable to the Tax Act.

Net income (loss) . Due to the factors cited above, we went from a net loss from continuing operations of $(1.5) million in 2016 to a net income of $7.0 million in 2017 (as restated) .

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2018 , we had $4.2 million in cash and $223,000 in restricted collateral deposits, as compared to December 31, 2017 , when we had $5.2 million in cash and $284,000 in restricted collateral deposits. We also had $8.2 million in available, unused bank lines of credit as of December 31, 2018 , under a $15.0 million debt credit facility.

We used available funds in 2018 primarily for working capital needs, investment in fixed assets and repayment of long-term debt. Our net property and equipment amounted to $8.9 million of December 31, 2018 .

Net cash provided by operating activities for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $3.3 million , $1.9 million , and $2.6 million , respectively. The increase of $1.4 million in cash provided by operating activities for 2018 as compared to 2017 was primarily attributable to improved operating results of $793,000 and a reduction of non-recurring severance of $1.6 million offset by an increase in working capital of $(990,000) primarily attributable to maintaining higher receivable balances associated with the resolution of the termination of the AAV contract with SAIC.

Net cash used in investing activities for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $(2.6) million , $(5.4) million , and $(1.9) million , an increase between 2018 and 2017 of $2.8 million and a decrease between 2017 and 2016 of $(3.5) million . The net change in cash used in investing activities for 2018 as compared to 2017 was due primarily to the non-recurring nature of a $2.1 million building purchase in 2017 and $700,000 related to the implementation of an enterprise resource planning system within our Israel Power Systems business unit.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 was $(1.9) million , $2.4 million , and $(3.8) million , respectively, a change between 2018 and 2017 of $(4.3) million and between 2017 and 2016 of $6.2 million . The decrease in 2018 of cash used in financing activities was primarily due to proceeds in 2017 associated with Term Loans B and C of $(2.2) million , a change in the utilization of our line of credit of $(1.7) million , and payments on our long-term debt of $(410,000) .

As of December 31, 2018 , our line-of-credit and long-term bank debt, including current maturities, was $5.5 million and $8.6 million as compared to December 31, 2017 , when we had $5.1 million outstanding on our line of credit and $10.8 million in long-term debt outstanding, including current maturities.

We maintain credit facilities with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase”), whereby Chase provides (i) a $15,000,000 revolving credit facility (“Revolver”), (ii) a $10,000,000 Term Loan (“Term Loan A”), (iii) a $1,730,895 Mortgage Loan (“Term Loan B”) and (iv) a $1,358,000 Mortgage Loan (“Term Loan C”); collectively referred to as the “Credit Facilities.”

The maturity of the Revolver is March 11, 2021. The Revolver maintains an interest rate on a scale ranging from LIBOR plus 1.75% up to LIBOR plus 3.00%. The effective interest rate for the revolver at December 31, 2018 was 5.50% .

The maturity of Term Loan A is March 11, 2021. This Term Loan maintains an interest rate on a scale ranging from LIBOR plus 2.0% up to LIBOR plus 3.25%. The repayment of this Term Loan consists of 60 consecutive monthly payments of principal plus accrued interest based on annual principal reductions of 10% during the first year, 20% during the second through fourth years, and 30% during the fifth year. The effective interest rate for this Term Loan at December 31, 2018 was 5.75% .

In 2017, our Training and Simulation Division in Ann Arbor, Michigan purchased land and a building for $2.2 million. As a result, there are two Mortgage Loans (“Mortgage Loans B and C”). The maturities of the Mortgage Loans are June 1, 2024 and maintain an interest rate on a scale identical to the Term Loan. The monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans are $12,872 in principal plus accrued interest, with balloon payments due at the maturity date. The effective interest rate for the Mortgage Loans at December 31, 2018 was 5.75% .

The Credit Facilities maintain certain reporting requirements, conditions precedent, affirmative covenants and financial covenants. We are required to maintain certain financial covenants that include a Maximum Debt to EBITDA ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.20 to 1.00. We were in compliance with our covenants at December 31, 2018 .

The Credit Facilities are secured by our assets and the assets of our domestic subsidiaries.

Subject to all of the reservations regarding “forward-looking statements” set forth above, we believe that our present cash position, anticipated cash flows from operations and availability under our lines of credit should be sufficient to satisfy our current estimated cash requirements through the next twelve months.

Effective Corporate Tax Rate

Our effective tax rate for continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017 (as restated) , and 2016 was 23%, (289)%, and (113)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for 2017 (as restated) was significantly affected by the Tax Act.

32

---

Table of Contents

Additionally, changes in the valuation allowance and the foreign tax rate differential were substantial factors in the 2017 and 2016 reconciliations of our effective tax rate to the statutory rate. In 2017 (as restated) we recorded an income tax benefit of $6.4 million associated with the Tax Act pertaining primarily to the release of our valuation allowance associated with the realizability of our U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets and re-measuring our U.S. federal deferred tax liability based upon the change in federal corporate income tax rates from 35% to 21%.

As of December 31, 2018, we had a U.S. federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $33.8 million that is available to offset future taxable income under certain circumstances, expiring primarily from 2021 through 2037, and foreign net operating and loss carryforwards of approximately $90.1 million, which are available indefinitely to offset future taxable income under certain circumstances.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our stockholders.

Contractual Obligations

The following table lists our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2018 , not including trade payables and other accounts payable:

		Payment Due by Period
Contractual Obligations		Total				Less Than 1 Year				1-3 Years				3-5 Years				More than 5 Years
Bank obligations		$	14,065,638			$	7,705,069			$	3,979,634			$	308,928			$	2,072,007
Operating lease obligations		$	4,727,467			$	1,161,909			$	1,280,678			$	775,965			$	1,508,915
Severance obligations		$	4,607,728			$	482,053			$	—			$	—			$	4,125,675
Capital lease obligations		$	23,526			$	5,913			$	17,613			$	—			$	—

Contingencies

From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings and other claims. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as potential ranges of probable losses. We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to establish our self-insured liabilities during the past three fiscal years.

A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for any contingencies are made after careful analysis of each individual issue. The required reserves may change due to future developments in each matter or changes in approach, such as a change in the settlement strategy in dealing with any contingencies, which may result in higher net loss.

If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments, we may be exposed to gains or losses that could be material.

ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

We are subject to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks include interest rate risk and, on a limited basis, price risk with respect to foreign exchange transactions. The adverse effects of changes in these markets could pose a potential loss as discussed below. The sensitivity analysis provided does not consider the effects that such adverse changes may have on overall economic activity, nor does it consider additional actions we may take to mitigate our exposure to such changes. Actual results may differ.

Interest Rate Risk. We are subject to market risk associated with changing interest rates on our variable rate long-term debt and short-term revolver; the variable interest rates are based on LIBOR. The interest rates applicable to variable rate notes and revolver may rise and increase the amount of interest expense on our variable rate long-term and short-term debt. We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments to protect against the effects of changes in interest rates.

As of December 31, 2018, we had $14.0 million of variable rate debt including current maturities. A hypothetical 50 basis point change in market interest rates would have increased interest expense by approximately $75,000 in our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Foreign Currency Risk. We have foreign currency risks related to our operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the New Israeli Shekel. Our revenue is U.S. dollar denominated. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements and we have not had a formal hedging program with respect to foreign currency. A 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates would have affected our financial results by approximately $800,000.

33

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		Page
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM		F-1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS		F-2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)		F-3
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		F-4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS		F-5
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		F-6
NOTE 1:- GENERAL		F-6
NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES		F-7
NOTE 3:- RESTATEMENT OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		F-18
NOTE 4:- OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND PREPAID EXPENSES		F-19
NOTE 5:- INVENTORIES		F-19
NOTE 6:- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET		F-20
NOTE 7:- GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET		F-20
NOTE 8:- LOANS		F-21
NOTE 9:- OTHER ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES		F-22
NOTE 10:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES		F-22
NOTE 11:- STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION		F-24
NOTE 12:- INCOME TAXES		F-24
NOTE 13:- FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSE), NET		F-28
NOTE 14:- SEGMENT INFORMATION		F-28
NOTE 15:- WARRANTY		F-30
NOTE 16:- QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)		F-31

34

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Background

As previously reported in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 6, 2019, on March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors, based on the recommendation of the audit committee and in consultation with management, concluded that our previously issued financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 should be restated in order to correct for an identified error associated with our income tax accounting. Accordingly, we have restated our previously issued financial statements for 2017. See Part II - Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2018, our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). To ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported as applicable, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer were able to conclude that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the issuer’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by issuer’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of its financial reporting and the preparation of its financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Due to the inherent limitations of control systems, internal controls over financial reporting may prevent or detect misstatements. Our controls and procedures are intended to provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the above objectives have been met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management has evaluated the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In making our assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (“COSO”) of the Treadway Commission in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework .

Based upon that evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.

Our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report which appears herein.

Remediation of the Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As previously disclosed in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 6, 2019, our management identified an error in its accounting for income taxes. This error resulted in a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and even before identification of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to income tax accounting, we had determined that we needed to make improvements to our existing processes related to income tax accounting and began implementing the following:

• In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we engaged third-party consultants whose area of expertise is income tax accounting to assist in the preparation of our quarterly and annual provisions as well as our annual tax returns.

35

---

Table of Contents

• In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, our management instituted a quarterly control to meet with tax consultants and certain third-party advisor’s to discuss current trends and business results, as well as to obtain a briefing from tax consultants updating management on areas or developments that may have tax implications, including significant changes in tax legislation.

• In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, our management added various controls surrounding the accuracy and review of information exchanged with third-party tax consultants to ensure tax calculations are calculated correctly.

• In the third quarter of fiscal 2018, our management developed a quarterly and annual income tax control matrix documenting our quarterly and annual controls over our provision and tax return processes to ensure our accounting for income taxes is accurate and addresses income tax accounting matters timely.

• Our management instituted a continuing education plan to ensure that they are aware of and understand any future changes to or developments from tax legislation changes.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, we were actively engaged in the testing of remedial measures noted above, designed to address our material weakness and demonstrate their operating effectiveness. During the same quarter, we completed testing of the design and operating effectiveness of new and enhanced controls. We believe these changes have improved our internal controls over financial reporting and income tax accounting enough to remediate the issues that caused the material misstatement and the restatement of our financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2017. As a result, as of December 31, 2018, we concluded that we had remediated the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

We will continue to review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis and to improve our controls and procedures over time and correct any deficiencies that we may discover in the future. Our goal is to ensure that our senior management has timely access to all material financial and non-financial information concerning our business. While we believe the present design of our disclosure controls and procedures is effective to achieve our goal, future events affecting our business may cause us to modify our disclosure controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As a result of the remediation efforts noted above, there were changes in our internal control over financial reporting as described above that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2018 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

36

---

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Arotech Corporation

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Arotech Corporation’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria .

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of Arotech Corporation as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and our report dated March 7, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Grand Rapids, Michigan

March 7, 2019

37

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Executive Officers, Directors and Significant Employees

Executive Officers and Directors

Our executive officers and directors and their ages as of February 28, 2019 were as follows:

Name		Age		Position
Jon B. Kutler		62		Chairman of the Board
Kenneth W. Cappell		66		Director
Lawrence F. Hagenbuch		52		Director
Adm. James J. Quinn (Ret.)		66		Director
Dean M. Krutty		54		President and Chief Executive Officer
Kelli L. Kellar		53		Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Our by-laws provide for a board of directors of three or more directors. There are currently four directors. Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, the board of directors is composed of three classes of similar size, each elected in a different year, so that only one-third of the board of directors is elected in any single year. Mr. Kutler is designated a Class I director and has been elected for a term expiring in 2021 or until his successor is elected and qualified; Mr. Hagenbuch is designated a Class II director elected for a term expiring in 2020 or until his successor is elected and qualified; and Mr. Cappell and Adm. Quinn are designated Class III directors elected for a term that expires in 2019 or until their successors are elected and qualified. A majority of the Board is “independent” under relevant SEC and Nasdaq regulations.

Directors and Executive Officers

Jon B. Kutler has been one of our directors since February 2016 and our Chairman of the Board since May 2016. Mr. Kutler is currently chairman and CEO of Admiralty Partners, Inc. (“API”), a private equity investment firm, a position he has held for more than the past five years. After service in the U.S. Navy and nearly a decade on Wall Street, Mr. Kutler founded Quarterdeck Investment Partners, an international investment bank focused on the global aerospace and defense markets. He sold Quarterdeck to Jefferies & Company in 2002 to focus on private equity investments under API. He is a Trustee of the California Institute of Technology, where he serves as chairman of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and as a member of the Technology Transfer Committee. From January 2011 until its sale in February 2016, Mr. Kutler served on the Board of Directors of TeleCommunication Systems, Inc. Mr. Kutler is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Naval Architecture. He received his Masters of Business Administration from Harvard University.

Mr. Kutler is a recognized investor, investment banker and expert in the aerospace and defense industries. He has been profiled in BusinessWeek, The New York Times, Fortune, Institutional Investor, The Los Angeles Times, Defense News, and Aviation Week & Space Technology, which have also featured his articles on consolidation, restructuring, and industry trends. He has also been a frequent commentator regarding industry issues on CNN, CNBC and Bloomberg Television. He has testified before Congressional committees, served as Chairman of the White House Small Business Task Force on Defense Conversion, and as a member of an advisory panel established by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment to evaluate the status of the space launch vehicle industry. We believe that Mr. Kutler’s background and experience make him appropriate to serve as one of our directors in light of our business and structure.

Kenneth W. Cappell has been one of our directors since May 2015. From 1987 until 2013, Mr. Cappell was a partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers (“PwC”) and its predecessor firms, first as an audit partner (through 2000), then as a regional leader of internal audit services (through 2010), and finally as a managing partner of strategic development for PwC’s Risk Assurance practice (through his retirement in 2013). Mr. Cappell has worked with public companies in a variety of industries, including consumer and industrial products, financial services and entertainment. He has advised public company audit committees on diverse topics and has served as the de facto internal audit director at several companies. Mr. Cappell is a member of AICPA and the New York State Society of CPAs. Mr. Cappell was an Adjunct Professor of Accounting at Baruch College from August 2015 to January 2019. Mr. Cappell held a similar role at Yeshiva University from August 2014 until his appointment at Baruch College. Mr. Cappell has a B.A. in Economics from Yeshiva University and an MBA in Finance from NYU Stern.

Mr. Cappell brings many years of experience as a partner at PwC with extensive financial accounting knowledge that is critical to our board of directors. Mr. Cappell’s experience with accounting principles, financial reporting rules and regulations, evaluating financial results and generally overseeing the financial reporting process of large public companies from an independent

38

---

Table of Contents

auditor’s perspective, coupled with his knowledge of internal audit, risks and controls, makes him an invaluable asset to our board of directors. We believe that Mr. Cappell’s background and experience make him appropriate to serve as one of our directors in light of our business and structure.

Lawrence F. Hagenbuch has been one of our directors since March 2016. Mr. Hagenbuch is currently a Managing Director with Huron Consulting, a position he has held since August 2018. For more than five years prior thereto, Mr. Hagenbuch was Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer for J. Hilburn, Inc., a custom clothier for men. Mr. Hagenbuch served on the board of directors of Remy International (Nasdaq: REMY) from November 2008 until that company’s sale in November 2015, where he served on the audit and compensation committees. Mr. Hagenbuch has served in senior management positions for SunTx Capital Partners, Alix Partners, GE / GE Capital, and American National Can Group, Inc. Mr. Hagenbuch began his professional career in the United States Navy. Mr. Hagenbuch has extensive experience in supply chain, operational and profitability improvements, and through his background as a consultant and in senior management roles at various companies, he brings considerable experience in implementing lean manufacturing discipline and in creating innovative business and marketing strategies. Mr. Hagenbuch earned a B.S. in Mechanical and Materials Engineering from Vanderbilt University and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Hagenbuch has extensive experience in supply chain, operational and profitability improvements, and through his background as a consultant and in senior management roles at various companies, he brings considerable experience in implementing lean manufacturing discipline and in creating innovative business and marketing strategies. We believe that Mr. Hagenbuch’s background and experience make him appropriate to serve as one of our directors in light of our business and structure.

Rear Admiral James J. Quinn , USN (Ret.) has been one of our directors since May 2016. Adm. Quinn left the United States Navy in October 2003 after a 30-year career that included tours of duty as Director of Operations, Plans, Policy and Training with the Atlantic Fleet, a total of five commands (including command of a carrier group and of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier), Senior Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, Commander of Naval Space Command, and the Naval Aide to two U.S. Presidents. After leaving the Navy, Adm. Quinn began a ten-year business career with Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, a division of Northrop Grumman Corporation (“NGC”) (NYSE: NOC), where he served as Director of Navy-Marine Corps Programs & Corporate Lead Executive for the NGC Integrated Systems Sector from 2003 to 2004, Vice President of Business Development for the Military Space Systems Division of NGC from 2004 to 2009, Vice President of Business Development for the Strike & Surveillance Systems Division of NGC from 2009 to 2011, and Vice President of Business Development for the Unmanned Systems Division of NGC from 2012 until his retirement from NGC in 2013. Adm. Quinn holds a B.S. in Mathematics from the United States Naval Academy, and is a graduate of the Navy Nuclear Power Program. He received his wings and was designated a Naval Flight Officer at Naval Air Station Pensacola in 1975. Adm. Quinn is the recipient of the Defense Superior Service Medal, five Legions of Merit, two Bronze Stars, two Meritorious Service Medals, four Air Medals (two Individual with Combat “V”/2 Strike-Flight) and four Navy Commendation Medals (two with Combat “V”).

Adm. Quinn’s extraordinary record of service and experience, both military and business, give him experience that we believe to be an invaluable addition to our Board. Adm. Quinn’s experience in both the military and civilian side of the defense sector is highly relevant to our business. We believe that Adm. Quinn’s background and experience make him appropriate to serve as one of our directors in light of our business and structure.

Dean M. Krutty became our President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2018 after having served as our Acting Chief Executive Officer since January 2017. Mr. Krutty became President of our Training and Simulation Division in January 2005, after having spent the prior thirteen years as a member of the FAAC management team, and was promoted to Arotech’s Senior Vice President, Operations – North America in January 2015 and Executive Vice President, Operations – North America in June 2016. He began his career at FAAC as an electrical engineer in FAAC’s part task trainer division and served as FAAC’s Director of Operations prior to becoming its President. He also has significant experience managing programs in the training and simulation industry. Mr. Krutty holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from Michigan State University.

Kelli L. Kellar has been our Vice President – Finance since January 2018, and our Chief Financial Officer since April 2018. Ms. Kellar was Senior Manager of External Reporting, PP&E Reporting and IFRS Accounting with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (NYSE: FCA), the world’s eighth-largest auto maker, from November 2013 until the end of 2017. From May 2009 until November 2013, Ms. Kellar was Vice President and controller of Silverpop Systems, Inc., a privately-held, international software development company. Since 1995 Ms. Kellar has held accounting and finance positions with both public and private companies, including serving as Chief Accounting Officer with Premier Exhibitions, Inc. (Nasdaq: PRXI), a provider of global museum-quality touring exhibitions, from 2007 to 2009. Ms. Kellar holds a B.A. and an M.S. in taxation from Florida International University.

Board Leadership Structure

We do not have a policy regarding the advisability of separating the positions of chief executive officer and chairman of the board. Beginning in October 2014, the board determined that it would be preferable to separate the positions of chief executive officer and chairman. As part of our periodic board self-evaluation process, we evaluate our leadership structure to ensure that the

39

---

Table of Contents

board continues to believe that it provides the optimal structure for our company and stockholders. We recognize that different board leadership structures may be appropriate for companies in different situations. We continue to believe this board leadership structure to be best for our company and our stockholders at this time.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Nominating Committee. The current composition of the various committees of the Board of Directors is as follows (the name of the chairman of each committee appears in italics):

Audit Committee		Compensation Committee		Nominating Committee
Kenneth W. Cappell		Lawrence F. Hagenbuch		James J. Quinn
Jon B. Kutler		Jon B. Kutler		Jon B. Kutler
Lawrence F. Hagenbuch		Kenneth W. Cappell		Lawrence F. Hagenbuch
James J. Quinn

Audit Committee

The purpose of the Audit Committee is to review with management and our independent auditors the scope and results of the annual audit, the nature of any other services provided by the independent auditors, changes in the accounting principles applied to the presentation of our financial statements, and any comments by the independent auditors on our policies and procedures with respect to internal accounting, auditing and financial controls. The Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, the Audit Committee is charged with the responsibility for making decisions on the engagement, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent auditors. The Audit Committee also is responsible for the oversight and work of our of internal audit department. The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Cappell (Chair), Mr. Kutler, Mr. Hagenbuch, and Adm. Quinn. Each member of the Audit Committee is an “independent director,” as that term is defined in Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15) and the SEC’s Rule 10A-3. All Audit Committee members possess the level of financial literacy required by law. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Cappell qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under applicable SEC and Nasdaq regulations. As required by law, the Audit Committee operates pursuant to a charter that governs its duties, available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website at http://content.equisolve.net/arotech/media/b7c6b7bc3ea4b17ef9af28aab2221d6d.pdf .

Compensation Committee

The duties of the Compensation Committee are to recommend compensation arrangements for our executive officers and review annual compensation arrangements for all other officers and significant employees.

The Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Hagenbuch (Chair), and Messrs. Kutler and Cappell. Each member of the Compensation Committee is an independent director as that term is defined in the NASD listing standards. The Compensation Committee operates under a formal charter that governs its duties, which charter is publicly available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website, at

http://content.stockpr.com/arotech/media/249a9ac7cc90aa315f94037d49d2246e.pdf .

The Compensation Committee maintains compensation and incentive programs designed to motivate, retain and attract management and utilize various combinations of base salary, bonuses payable upon the achievement of specified goals, discretionary bonuses and grants of restricted stock. Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dean M. Krutty, and our Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Kellar, are parties to employment agreements with us. The Compensation Committee reviews the compensation, both cash and stock, of our executive officers on an annual basis, while taking into account as well changes in compensation during previous years. Some of these components, such as salary, are generally fixed and do not vary based on our financial and other performance; some components, such as bonus, are in whole or in part dependent upon the achievement of certain goals jointly agreed upon by our management and the Compensation Committee; and some components, such as restricted stock, have a value that is dependent upon our stock price at the time of award and going forward. The Compensation Committee reviews the compensation, both cash and stock, of our executive officers on an annual basis, while taking into account as well changes in compensation during previous years.

The Compensation Committee performs an annual review of our executive officers’ cash compensation and restricted stock holdings to determine whether they provide adequate compensation for the services they perform, as well as adequate incentives and motivation to our executive officers and whether they adequately compensate our executive officers relative to comparable officers in other companies.

Compensation Committee meetings typically have included, for all or a portion of some of the meetings, a representative of The Burke Group, Inc., a well-known consulting firm specializing in executive officer compensation, as well as preliminary discussion with our senior officers prior to our Compensation Committee deliberating without any members of management

40

---

Table of Contents

present. For compensation decisions, including decisions regarding the grant of equity compensation relating to executive officers, the Compensation Committee typically considers the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer.

Nominating Committee

The Nominating Committee identifies and proposes candidates to serve as members of the Board of Directors. Proposed nominees for membership on the Board of Directors submitted in writing by stockholders to Arotech’s Secretary will be brought to the attention of the Nominating Committee and will be evaluated in accordance with the same guidelines as other candidates are considered by the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee consists of Adm. Quinn (Chair) and Messrs. Kutler and Hagenbuch. Each member of the Nominating Committee is an independent director as that term is defined in the Nasdaq listing standards. The Nominating Committee makes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding new directors to be selected for membership on the Board of Directors and its various committees. The Nominating Committee operates under a formal charter that governs its duties. The Nominating Committee’s charter is publicly available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website, at http://content.equisolve.net/arotech/media/9db8a8bd53ecd3f2d895b23986e237c8.pdf .

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics, as required by Nasdaq listing standards and the rules of the SEC, that applies to our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and our principal accounting officer. The Code of Ethics is publicly available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website, at: http://content.equisolve.net/arotech/media/df40a6c92bcbf0b776162586acce0841.pdf . If we make substantive amendments to the Code of Ethics or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, that applies to anyone subject to the Code of Ethics, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on the website or in a report on Form 8-K in accordance with applicable Nasdaq and SEC rules.

Code of Conduct

We have adopted a general Code of Conduct, as required by Nasdaq listing standards and the rules of the SEC, that applies to all of our employees. The Code of Conduct is publicly available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website, at http://content.equisolve.net/arotech/media/5c5e3b052edfcf1e78084a414a4c37c1.pdf .

Whistleblower Policy

We have adopted a Whistleblower Policy, as required by Nasdaq listing standards, in order to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Whistleblower Policy is publicly available through a hyperlink located on the investor relations page of our website, at http://content.stockpr.com/arotech/media/6a9edfc8a5cd8b55aa0c9f4a6aef0363.pdf . Employees with complaints about our compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements relating to accounting, auditing and internal control matters may submit their complaints in person, by mail or other written communication or by telephone to our Complaint Administrator. The Complaint Administrator can be contacted anonymously, by submitting the form located on our corporate website at http://www.arotech.com/contact/ethics-compliance . Complaints sent in this manner will automatically be stripped of all computer-encoded information identifying the originating e-mail address, and will then automatically be forwarded to the Complaint Administrator’s regular e-mail address at Arotech.

Director Compensation

Non-employee members of our Board of Directors are entitled to a cash retainer of $8,000 (plus expenses) per quarter, plus $500 per quarter for each committee on which such outside directors serve. The Chairman of the Audit Committee receives a retainer of $1,500 per quarter instead of $500 per quarter for service on the Audit Committee, and the Chairman of the Compensation Committee receives a retainer of $1,000 per quarter instead of $500 per quarter for service on the Compensation Committee. No per-meeting fees are paid. In addition, we have adopted a Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan, pursuant to which non-employee directors receive an initial grant of a number of restricted shares of our common stock having a fair market value on the date of grant equal to $25,000 upon their election as a director, and an annual grant on March 31 of each year of a number of restricted shares having a fair market value on the date of grant equal to $35,000. Each grant of restricted stock shall become free of restrictions in three equal installments on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant, unless the director is removed from the Board of Directors for cause prior to such vesting. Restrictions lapse automatically in the event of a director being removed from service other than for cause, or being nominated as a director but failing to be elected, or death, disability or mandatory retirement. Furthermore, all restrictions lapse prior to the consummation of a merger or consolidation involving us, our liquidation or dissolution, any sale of substantially all of our assets or any other transaction or series of related transactions as a result of which a single person or several persons acting in concert own a majority of our then-outstanding common stock.

41

---

Table of Contents

The following table shows the compensation earned or received by each of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2018:

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Name		Fees Earned or Paid in Cash				Stock Awards Granted 2018(1)				Total
Jon B. Kutler		$	32,000			$	35,000			$	67,000		(2)
Kenneth W. Cappell		$	40,000			$	35,000			$	75,000		(3)
Lawrence F. Hagenbuch		$	33,000			$	35,000			$	68,000		(4)
James J. Quinn		$	36,000			$	35,000			$	71,000		(5)

(1)	This amount reflects the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718.
(2)	As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Kutler held 27,686 unvested restricted shares of our common stock.
(3)	As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Cappell held 24,185 unvested restricted shares of our common stock.
(5)	As of December 31, 2018, Mr. Hagenbuch held 27,505 unvested restricted shares of our common stock.
(6)	As of December 31, 2018, Adm. Quinn held 21,600 unvested restricted shares of our common stock.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The Compensation Committee is composed entirely of directors who are not our current or former employees, each of whom meets the applicable definition of “independent” in the current rules of the under the listing standards of Nasdaq and SEC rules and regulations. None of the members of the compensation committee during fiscal 2018 (i) had any relationships requiring disclosure by us under the SEC’s rules requiring disclosure of related party transactions, or (ii) was an executive officer of a company of which one of our executive officers is a director. The Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. Our Compensation Committee does not have any interlocks with other public companies.

Significant Employees

Our significant employees as of February 28, 2019, and their ages as of December 31, 2018, are as follows:

Name		Age		Position
Kurt Flosky		50		President, Training and Simulation Division
Ronen Badichi		53		General Manager, Power Systems Division – Europe and Asia
David Modeen		51		President, Power Systems Division – United States
Yaakov Har-Oz		61		Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Colin Gallagher		45		Corporate Controller, Chief Accounting Officer

Kurt Flosky has been President of our Training and Simulation Division since January 2015, after having spent the prior ten years serving as an Executive Vice President at FAAC, with ten additional years as a member of FAAC’s senior management team. He has been with FAAC since 1990 and has extensive experience in program management and business development within the training and simulation arena. Mr. Flosky holds a B.S. and an M.S. in aerospace engineering from the University of Michigan.

Ronen Badichi became the General Manager of Epsilor Electronic Industries in May 2005 and the General Manager of our Power Systems Division – Europe and Asia in December 2007. Prior to joining Epsilor, Mr. Badichi served since 1999 as the General Manager of Maoz Industries, a high end supplier of displays to the aviation industry. Prior thereto, Mr. Badichi was a project manager at BAE and served as the F-16 Avionics Integration manager in the Israeli Air Force, with the rank of Captain. Mr. Badichi holds a B.Sc. in Physics and Electro-Optic Engineering from the Lev Institute of Technology in Jerusalem.

David Modeen has been President of our Power Systems Division’s U.S. operations since December, 2016, after serving as Director of Product Management since joining UEC in 2015. Prior to joining UEC, Mr. Modeen served as Director of Operations for IEC Electronics (NYSE: IEC), a contract manufacturing services company serving the military, industrial and medical markets. Before that, Mr. Modeen spent eleven years at Ultralife, where he served in several roles at the Vice President level. Mr. Modeen holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University at Buffalo and an MBA from Rochester Institute of Technology.

Yaakov Har-Oz has served as our Vice President and General Counsel since October 2000 and as our corporate Secretary since December 2000. In December 2005, Mr. Har-Oz was promoted to Senior Vice President. From 1994 until October 2000, Mr. Har-Oz was a partner in the Jerusalem law firm of Ben-Ze’ev, Hacohen & Co., prior to moving to Israel in 1993, he was an

42

---

Table of Contents

administrative law judge and in private law practice in New York. Mr. Har-Oz holds a B.A. from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts and a J.D. from Vanderbilt Law School (where he was an editor of the law review) in Nashville, Tennessee. He is a member of the New York bar and the Israel Chamber of Advocates.

Colin Gallagher has served as our Controller and as our Chief Accounting Officer since May 2015. Prior to joining Arotech, from 2013 to 2014, Mr. Gallagher was the Controller of DTE Energy Trading, a physical and financial gas and power marketing company. Prior to DTE, he was a Finance Director at Owens Corning (NYSE: OC) in Toledo Ohio, the world’s largest manufacturer of fiberglass and related products. Before starting at Owens Corning, Mr. Gallagher spent twelve years at PwC in various positions, ending his career there as a Senior Manager in the public and private company sector. Mr. Gallagher is a certified public accountant. He holds a BBA from the Haworth College of Business at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan and an MBA from the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Under the securities laws of the United States, our directors, certain of our officers and any persons holding more than ten percent of our common stock are required to report their ownership of our common stock and any changes in that ownership to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Specific due dates for these reports have been established and we are required to report any failure to file by these dates. We are not aware of any instances prior to December 31, 2018, not previously disclosed by us, where such “reporting persons” failed to file the required reports on or before the specified dates.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Committee Report

Under the rules of the SEC, this Compensation Committee Report is not deemed

to be incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating

this Annual Report by reference into any filings with the SEC .

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the following Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management and, based on such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the following Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Submitted by the Compensation Committee

Lawrence F. Hagenbuch, Chairman

Jon B. Kutler

Kenneth W. Cappell

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Preliminary Note

Pursuant to applicable SEC regulations, the information we present in this section relates to the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, and the three additional most highly compensated “executive officers” (as this term is defined in the regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as well as up to two additional persons meeting the above criteria but who were not employed by us at the end of the last fiscal year. We believe that in 2018 three individuals met these criteria, as follows (we refer to these individuals throughout this Compensation Discussion and Analysis as our “named executive officers”):

Ø	Dean M. Krutty, our President and Chief Executive Officer;

Ø	Kelli L. Kellar, our Vice President – Finance and (after March 31, 2018) Chief Financial Officer ; and

Ø	Thomas J. Paup, our Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer (until March 31, 2018).

Introduction

In this section we present the principles underlying our executive officer compensation decisions and the most important factors that we believe are relevant to an analysis of these decisions. Our goal here is to provide qualitative information regarding the manner and context in which compensation is awarded to and earned by our named executive officers and to place in perspective the numerical and other quantitative data presented in the tables and other information that follow this section.

We have designed the compensation of our named executive officers in order to attract, as needed, individuals with the skills necessary for us to achieve our business plan, to reward those individuals fairly over time, and to retain those individuals who perform at or above our expectations.

43

---

Table of Contents

Our named executive officers’ annual cash and stock compensation consists of several components, as follows:

Ø	base salary;

Ø	bonus, which is accrued in the year in which it is earned but is paid in cash in a subsequent year; and

Ø	grants of restricted stock units, where the restricted stock units vest over a period of time or pursuant to the attainment of set performance goals and unvested restricted stock units are forfeited to us should the executive officer’s employment be terminated, provided that certain grants of restricted stock units provide for accelerated vesting under certain circumstances.

The Compensation Committee reviews the compensation, both cash and stock, of our named executive officers on an annual basis, while taking into account as well changes in compensation during previous years.

Some of these components, such as base salary, are generally fixed and do not vary based on our financial and other performance; some components, such as bonus, are in whole or in part dependent upon the achievement of certain goals jointly agreed upon by our management and the Compensation Committee; and some components, such as restricted stock units, have a value that is dependent upon our stock price at the time of award and going forward.

We compensate our named executive officers in these different ways in order to achieve different goals. Cash compensation, for example, provides our named executive officers with a guaranteed minimum base salary. We fix the base salary of each of our named executive officers at a level that we believe enables us to hire and retain individuals in a competitive environment and rewards satisfactory individual performance and a satisfactory level of contribution to our overall business goals. We also take into account the base salaries paid by similarly-situated companies and the base salaries of other private and public companies with which we believe we compete for talent. To this end, we utilize the services of an independent compensation consulting firm retained by the Compensation Committee, and our Compensation Committee consults with this firm periodically, when we review named executive officer compensation.

Incentive bonus compensation is generally linked to the achievement of short-term operational, strategic or financial goals, and is intended to reward our named executive officers for their performance in reaching goals that are agreed upon in advance between our management and the Compensation Committee. We design the cash incentive bonuses for each of our named executive officers to focus the named executive officer on achieving key objectives within a yearly time horizon, as described in more detail below.

Grants of restricted stock units are intended to link our named executive officers’ longer-term compensation with the performance of our stock, which is an issue of vital importance to our stockholders. This encourages our named executive officers to remain with us, to act in ways intended to maximize stockholder value, and to penalize them if our stock fails to perform to expectations. These grants are intended to produce significant value for each named executive officer if we achieve our goals and if the named executive officer remains with us, provided that certain grants of restricted stock units provide for accelerated vesting under certain circumstances.

We view the three components of our named executive officer compensation as related but distinct. Although our Compensation Committee does review total compensation, we do not believe that compensation derived from one component of compensation should negate or reduce compensation from other components. We determine the appropriate level for each compensation component based in part, but not exclusively, on our view of internal equity and consistency, individual performance and other information we deem relevant, such as the data we receive from the consulting firm referred to above. Except as described below, our Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between long-term and currently paid out compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation, or among different forms of compensation. This is due to the small size of our named executive officer team and the need to tailor each named executive officer’s award to attract and retain that named executive officer.

In addition, we provide our named executive officers with benefits that are generally available to our salaried employees.

Our Compensation Committee performs an annual review of our named executive officers’ cash compensation and restricted stock holdings to determine whether they provide adequate compensation for the services they perform, as well as adequate incentives and motivation to our named executive officers and whether they adequately compensate our named executive officers relative to comparable officers in other companies. Our Compensation Committee’s most recent review utilized data and assessments from our independent compensation consultant, The Burke Group, Inc., a well-known consulting firm specializing in named executive compensation. This review is described in more detail below.

Compensation Committee meetings typically have included, for all or a portion of some of the meetings, a representative of The Burke Group, as well as preliminary discussion with our Chief Executive Officer prior to our Compensation Committee deliberating without any members of management present. For compensation decisions, including decisions regarding the grant of equity compensation relating to named executive officers (other than our Chief Executive Officer), the Compensation Committee

44

---

Table of Contents

typically considers the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chairman of the Board, if they are not the same person.

We account for the equity compensation expense for our employees under the rules of ASC 718, which requires us to estimate and record an expense for each award of equity compensation over the service period of the award. Accounting rules also require us to record cash compensation as an expense at the time the obligation is accrued. We structure cash incentive bonus compensation so that it is taxable to our employees at the time it is paid to them. It is not anticipated that the deduction of any compensation paid to any named executive officer will be limited by Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Benchmarking of Base Compensation and Equity Holdings

Our Compensation Committee has determined that our respective named executive officers’ salaries, cash incentive bonuses and equity holdings were at or below the median of named executive officers with similar roles at public companies having comparable revenues and that no material changes should be made to the cash compensation levels of our named executive officers until our annual named executive officer performance reviews, which were conducted in the first quarter of 2019. This median was derived based on a report we obtained from The Burke Group in 2018. The report compared our named executive officer compensation with the results of two surveys, involving companies in the aerospace and military/defense industry with revenues of between $100 million and $200 million, one from Willis Watson Data Services and one from the Economic Research Institute. Our Compensation Committee realizes that benchmarking our compensation against the compensation earned at comparable companies may not always be appropriate, but believes that engaging in a comparative analysis of our compensation practices is useful. In instances where a named executive officer is uniquely key to our success, the Compensation Committee may provide compensation above the median referred to above. The Committee’s choice not to recommend to the Board of Directors immediate material changes to the compensation levels following its review of The Burke Group’s report reflects our consideration of stockholders’ interests in paying what is necessary, but not more than necessary, to achieve our corporate goals while conserving cash and equity as much as is practicable. We believe that our compensation levels are generally sufficient to retain our existing named executive officers and to hire new named executive officers when and as required.

Compensation Policies and Practices as They Relate to Risk Management

In 2019, the Compensation Committee reviewed our compensation policies and practices and concluded that the mix and design of these policies and practices are not reasonably likely to encourage our employees to take excessive risks, and that our compensation policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. In connection with its evaluation, the Compensation Committee considered, among other things, the structure, philosophy and design characteristics of our primary incentive compensation plans and programs in light of our risk management and governance procedures, as well as other factors that may calibrate or balance potential risk-taking incentives. In particular, the Compensation Committee reviewed our compensation programs for certain design features that have been identified by experts as having the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking, including long term incentive compensation value that is driven entirely by increases in stock price, and low compensation levels exacerbated by performance-driven awards not paying out; including both annual bonus and long term incentive compensation, and noted that these are not substantial factors in our executives’ compensation packages.

Equity Compensation

Our Compensation Committee, in consultation with The Burke Group, has analyzed the current restricted share holdings of our named executive officers and others, and found that the level of equity stake of our named executive officers was at market for companies of similar size and experience as a public company.

We do not have any program, plan or obligation that requires us to grant equity compensation to any named executive officer on specified dates. The authority to make equity grants to named executive officers rests with our Compensation Committee, although, as noted above, the Compensation Committee does consider the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer in setting the compensation of our other named executive officers.

45

---

Table of Contents

Cash Incentive Bonuses

Yearly cash incentive bonuses for our named executive officers are established as part of their respective individual employment agreements. Each of these employment agreements provides that the named executive officer will receive a cash incentive bonus determined in the discretion of our Board of Directors, with a target bonus amount specified for that named executive officer based on individualized objective and subjective criteria, pursuant to a specific formula. These bonus criteria are established by the Compensation Committee on an annual basis, and include specific objectives relating to the achievement of business and/or financial milestones. The target cash incentive bonus amount for each of our named executive officers is as follows:

Name of Named Executive Officer		Title		Minimum Bonus		Maximum Bonus
Dean M. Krutty		President and Chief Executive Officer		None		50% of annual base salary
Kelli L. Kellar		Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer (after 3/31/2018)		None		40% of annual base salary
Thomas J. Paup		Former Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer (until 3/31/2018)		None		50% of annual base salary

For 2018, the Compensation Committee chose financial targets for determining eligibility for the above-referenced cash incentive bonuses that are determined on the achievement of set budgetary forecast targets for EBITDA, which is determined by taking net profit and adding back in interest expense (income), depreciation of fixed assets, taxes, and amortization of intangible assets, capitalized software costs and technology. The Compensation Committee determined that we achieved the financial performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee for the year ended December 31, 2018, and accordingly accrued incentive bonuses for the year ended December 31, 2018. Financial targets for 2019 were set in accordance with our 2019 budget forecast, and eligibility for cash incentive bonuses will be determined based on exceeding targets for revenues and for Adjusted EBITDA.

Severance and Change in Control Benefits

Mr. Krutty and Ms. Kellar have a provision in their respective employment agreements providing for certain severance benefits in the event of termination or retirement. These severance provisions are described in the “Employment Agreements” section below, and certain estimates of these change of control benefits are provided in “Estimated Payments and Benefits upon Termination” below.

We believe the severance arrangements that we have with Mr. Krutty and Ms. Kellar are at or near the median of executive officers with similar roles at public companies having comparable revenues.

Benefits

Mr. Krutty and Ms. Kellar are eligible to participate in all of our employee benefit plans, such as medical, group life and disability insurance and our 401(k) plan, in each case on the same basis as our other U.S. employees.

Perquisites

Our use of perquisites as an element of compensation is limited and is largely based on historical practices and policies of our company. We do not view perquisites as a significant element of our comprehensive compensation structure, and while we believe that they can be used in conjunction with base salary to attract, motivate and retain individuals in a competitive environment, we are careful to review them periodically and to keep them at the lowest level possible consistent with industry practice.

Effect of Stockholder Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

Of the 7,357,129 shares that voted (this number excludes the 84,434 shares that abstained from voting and 10,445,002 broker non-votes) on the advisory vote on executive compensation at the 2016 Annual Meeting, approximately 66% of the shares approved of our executive compensation policies and decisions. We have considered the results of this vote. From 2016 to 2018, the total amount of compensation paid to our current executive officers as compared to the officers disclosed in the 2016 Form 10-K has decreased by approximately 37% . The committee and entire Board of Directors intend to continue careful review of the compensation programs and policies to assure that the compensation remains consistent with our philosophy and objectives as stated above and reflective of our financial performance.

46

---

Table of Contents

Cash and Other Compensation

Summary Compensation Table

The following table, which should be read in conjunction with the explanations provided below, shows the compensation that we paid (or accrued) to our named executive officers during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

Name and Principal Position		Year		Salary				Bonus (2)				Stock Awards (3)				All Other Compensation				Total
Dean M. Krutty		2018		$	272,200			$	136,100			$	230,750			$	—			$	639,050
President and Chief Executive		2017		$	265,000			$	—			$	87,500			$	—			$	352,500
Officer		2016		$	255,000			$	—			$	23,100			$	—			$	278,100
Kelli L. Kellar		2018		$	225,000			$	150,000			$	110,760			$	—			$	485,760
Vice President – Finance and Chief		2017*		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Financial Officer		2016*		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Thomas J. Paup (1)		2018		$	65,000			$	—			$	—			$	263,000			$	328,000
Former Senior Vice President –		2017		$	256,000			$	—			$	70,000			$	—			$	326,000
Finance and Chief Financial Officer		2016		$	250,000			$	—			$	46,200			$	—			$	296,200

*	Ms. Kellar was not an employee of the Company in these years.

(1)	Mr. Paup retired on March 31, 2018, as a result of his retirement he was paid a severance of $263,000 on April 1, 2018.

(2)

Bonuses are performance-based, against criteria established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and approved by the full Board of Directors and represent cash awards for prior year company performance. Ms. Kellar received a sign-on bonus of $60,000 on January 1, 2018 as part of her 2018 employment agreement and has earned $90,000 related to 2018 performance goals. See “Employment Contracts,” below.

(3)

Reflects the value of awards of restricted stock units granted to our named executive officers based on the compensation cost of their stock-based awards (the aggregate grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718); see Note 12, “Income Taxes,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The number of restricted stock units received by our named executive officers pursuant to such awards in 2018, vesting entirely after one year (dependent 33.3% on tenure and up to 66.7% on performance), was as follows: Mr. Krutty, 75,000; and Ms. Kellar, 36,000. 86.7% of our named executive officers’ shares vested in 2018; the remainder were forfeited. The number of restricted stock units received by our named executive officers pursuant to such awards in 2017, vesting entirely after one year (dependent 33.3% on tenure and 66.7% on performance), was as follows: Mr. Krutty, 75,000; and Mr. Paup, 60,000. One-third of our named executive officers’ shares vested in 2017; the remainder were forfeited. The number of restricted stock units received by our named executive officers pursuant to such awards in 2016, vesting entirely after one year (dependent 33.3% on tenure and 66.7% on performance), was as follows: Mr. Krutty, 30,000; and Mr. Paup, 60,000. One-third of our named executive officers’ shares vested in 2016; the remainder were forfeited.

47

---

Table of Contents

Plan-Based Awards

Grants of Restricted Stock Units

During 2018, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of a total of 111,000 restricted stock units to our executive officers. The table below sets forth each equity award granted to our executive officers in respect of the year ended December 31, 2018.

GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS

Name		Grant Date		All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stocks			Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Awards (1)
Dean M. Krutty(2)		1/2/2018		75,000			$	266,250
Kelli L. Kellar(2)		1/2/2018		36,000			$	127,800

(1)	Reflects the aggregate market value of restricted stock units determined based on a per share price at the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, which was $3.55.

(2)	The restricted stock units vest dependent 33.3% on tenure and up to 66.7% on performance.

Vesting of Restricted Stock Awards

The following table presents awards of restricted stock units that vested in respect of the year ended December 31, 2018.

STOCK VESTED

Name		Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#)			Value Realized on Vesting(1) ($)
Dean M. Krutty		65,000			$	223,600
Kelli L. Kellar		31,200			$	107,328

(1)

Reflects the aggregate market value of the restricted stock units earned (actual shares issued were issued net of shares withheld for payment of taxes). Restricted stock units vested on December 31, 2018 and have been valued based on the closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on March 4, 2019 , the date achievement of performance criteria was certified by our Board of Directors, which was $3.44 .

Employment Contracts

Dean M. Krutty

Mr. Krutty is party to an employment agreement with us executed in March 2017, with a term running, as extended, until December 31, 2019 (automatically extending for successive one-year terms unless either party gives 120 days’ notice of intent not to extend). The employment agreement provides that Mr. Krutty will at the direction of the Board of Directors serve from time to time as acting Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Krutty is currently serving as our President and Chief Executive Officer.

Under the terms of his employment agreement as amended, Mr. Krutty is entitled to receive a base salary of $265,000, as adjusted annually for inflation.

The employment agreement provides that if the results we actually attain in a given year are at least 100% of the amount we budgeted at the beginning of the year, we will pay a bonus, on a sliding scale, in an amount equal to a minimum of 20% of Mr. Krutty’s annual base salary then in effect, up to a maximum of 50% of his annual base salary then in effect if the results we actually attained for the year in question are 110% or more of the amount we budgeted at the beginning of the year. Bonus targets were chosen for 2019 based upon 2019 budgetary forecasts.

Mr. Krutty’s employment agreement provides that if we fail to renew or we terminate his agreement other than for cause (defined as conviction of certain crimes, willful failure to carry out directives of our board of directors or gross negligence or willful misconduct) or if Mr. Krutty terminates his agreement under certain circumstances (reduction in salary or responsibilities

48

---

Table of Contents

or a change in control), we must pay Mr. Krutty severance in an amount of one year’s salary. Restricted shares that have vested prior to the date of termination are not forfeited under any circumstances, including termination for Cause.

A table describing the payments that would have been due to Mr. Krutty under his employment agreement had Mr. Krutty’s employment with us been terminated at the end of 2018 under various circumstances appears under “Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination of Employment – Dean M. Krutty,” below.

Kelli L. Kellar

Ms. Kellar is party to an employment agreement with us effective January 1, 2019. The employment agreement provides that Ms. Kellar will serve as our Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Kellar’s employment under her employment agreement is on an at-will basis, with either party having the right to terminate the agreement at any time on 45 days’ written advance notice.

Under the terms of her employment agreement, Ms. Kellar is entitled to receive a base salary of $225,000, as adjusted annually for inflation.

The employment agreement provides that if the results we actually attain in a given year are at least 100% of the amount we budgeted at the beginning of the year, we will pay a bonus, on a sliding scale, in an amount equal to a minimum of 20% of Ms. Kellar’s annual base salary then in effect, up to a maximum of 40% of her annual base salary then in effect if the results we actually attain for the year in question are 110% or more of the amount we budgeted at the beginning of the year. Bonus targets were chosen for 2019 based upon 2019 budgetary forecasts and partly based on the achievement of other qualitative objectives to be established at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board.

Ms. Kellar’s employment agreement provides that if we terminate her agreement other than for cause (defined as conviction of certain crimes, willful failure to carry out directives of our board of directors or gross negligence or willful misconduct), we must pay Ms. Kellar severance in an amount of six times her monthly salary.

Others

Other employees have entered into individual employment agreements with us. These agreements govern the basic terms of the individual’s employment, such as salary, vacation, overtime pay, severance arrangements and pension plans. They also contain provisions governing the confidentiality of information and ownership of intellectual property learned or created during the course of the employee’s tenure with us. Under the terms of these provisions, employees must keep confidential all information regarding our operations (other than information which is already publicly available) received or learned by the employee during the course of employment. This provision remains in force for five years after the employee has left our service. Further, intellectual property created during the course of the employment relationship belongs to us.

A number of the individual employment agreements, but not all, contain non-competition provisions which restrict the employee’s rights to compete against us or work for an enterprise which competes against us. Such provisions generally remain in force for a period of two years after the employee has left our service.

Under the laws of Israel, an employee of ours who has been dismissed from service, died in service, retired from service upon attaining retirement age, or left due to poor health, maternity or certain other reasons, is entitled to severance pay at the rate of one month’s salary for each year of service, pro rata for partial years of service. We currently fund this obligation by making monthly payments to approved private provident funds and by its accrual for severance pay in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Potential Payments and Benefits upon Termination of Employment

This section sets forth in tabular form quantitative disclosure regarding estimated payments and other benefits that would have been received by certain of our executive officers if their employment had terminated on December 31, 2018 (the last business day of the fiscal year), pursuant to the terms of their then-current employment agreements. For a narrative description of the severance and change in control arrangements in the current employment contracts of Mr. Krutty and Ms. Kellar, see “– Employment Contracts,” above.

49

---

Table of Contents

Dean M. Krutty

The following table describes the potential payments and benefits upon employment termination for Dean M. Krutty, our President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to applicable law and the terms of his then-current employment agreement with us, as if his employment had terminated on December 31, 2018 (the last business day of the fiscal year) under the various scenarios described in the column headings as explained in the footnotes below.

DEAN M. KRUTTY
Payments and Benefits		Death or Incapacitation(1)				Termination without Cause (2)				Cause (3)				Non-Renewal (4)
Base salary (5)		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Bonus (6)		136,100				136,100				—				136,100
Stock Awards (7)		223,600				223,600				—				223,600
Contractual severance		272,200				272,200				—				272,200
TOTAL:		$	631,900			$	631,900			$	—			$	631,900

(1)	“Incapacitation” is defined in Mr. Krutty’s employment agreement as an inability to perform his duties under his agreement that continues for a period of at least 150 consecutive days or more than 200 days in any twelve-month period.

(2)	“Termination without cause” is any termination other than a termination for “cause” as defined in the footnote following this note.

(3)

“Cause” is defined in Mr. Krutty’s employment agreement as (i) a breach of trust by Mr. Krutty, including, for example, but without limitation, commission of an act of moral turpitude, theft, embezzlement, self-dealing or insider trading; (ii) the intentional or grossly negligent disclosure by Mr. Krutty of confidential information of or relating to us; (iii) a material breach by Mr. Krutty of his employment agreement; (iv) failure in any material respect to follow the reasonable directives of our Board of Directors, or (v) any act of, or omission by, Mr. Krutty which, in our reasonable judgment, amounts to a serious failure by Mr. Krutty to perform his responsibilities or functions or in the exercise of his authority, which failure, in our reasonable judgment, rises to a level of gross nonfeasance, misfeasance or malfeasance.

(4)	“Non-Renewal” is defined in Mr. Krutty’s employment agreement as the agreement coming to the end of the Term and not being extended or immediately succeeded by a new substantially similar employment agreement.

(5)

Represents base salary that would have been payable in respect of 2019 only if Mr. Krutty’s agreement had been terminated on December 31, 2018 pursuant to the prior notice required by the terms of his agreement in respect of automatic renewal of his agreement. Had Mr. Krutty’s agreement been terminated on December 31, 2018 without compliance with such prior notice provisions, we would have been obligated to pay Mr. Krutty’s salary through the end of 2019, an additional expense of $272,200.

(6)	Amount accrued as of December 31, 2018.

(7)	Value based on the closing price of our stock on the date the shares underlying the RSUs were actually issued. Had the shares been issued on December 31, 2018 the value reflected would have been $170,300.

50

---

Table of Contents

Kelli L. Kellar

The following table describes the potential payments and benefits upon employment termination for Kelli L. Kellar, our Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to applicable law and the terms of her then-current employment agreement with us, as if her employment had terminated on December 31, 2018 (the last business day of the fiscal year) under the various scenarios described in the column headings as explained in the footnotes below.

KELLI L. KELLAR
Payments and Benefits		Death or Incapacitation(1)				Termination without Cause (2)				Cause (3)				Non-Renewal (4)
Base salary		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Bonus (5)		90,000				90,000				—				90,000
Stock Award (6)		107,328				107,328				—				107,328
Contractual severance		56,250				56,250				—				56,250
TOTAL:		$	253,578			$	253,578			$	—			$	253,578

(1)	“Incapacitation” is defined in Ms. Kellar’s prior employment agreement as an inability to perform her duties under her agreement that continues for a period of at least 150 consecutive days or more than 200 days in any twelve-month period.

(2)	“Termination without cause” is any termination other than a termination for “cause” as defined in the footnote following this note.

(3)

“Cause” is defined in Ms. Kellar’s prior employment agreement as (i) a breach of trust by Ms. Kellar, including, for example, but without limitation, commission of an act of moral turpitude, theft, embezzlement, self-dealing or insider trading; (ii) the unauthorized disclosure by Ms. Kellar of confidential information of or relating to us; (iii) a material breach by Ms. Kellar of her employment agreement; or (iv) any act of, or omission by, Ms. Kellar which, in our reasonable judgment, amounts to a serious failure by Ms. Kellar to perform her responsibilities or functions or in the exercise of her authority, which failure, in our reasonable judgment, rises to a level of gross nonfeasance, misfeasance or malfeasance.

(4)	“Non-Renewal” is defined in Ms. Kellar’s prior employment agreement as the agreement coming to the end of the Term and not being extended or immediately succeeded by a new substantially similar employment agreement.

(5)	Amounts were accrued as of December 31, 2018.

(6)	Value based on the closing price of our stock on the date the shares underlying the RSUs were actually issued. Had the shares been issued on December 31, 2018 the value reflected would have been $81,744.

51

---

Table of Contents

ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth information regarding the security ownership, as of March 7, 2019, of those persons owning of record or known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock and of each of our Named Executive Officers and directors, and the shares of common stock held by all of our current directors and executive officers as a group.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)		Shares Beneficially Owned(2)(3)			Percentage of Total Shares Outstanding(3)
Jon B. Kutler (includes 1,789,879 shares owned by Admiralty Partners, Inc. and various family trusts)		1,860,968		(4)	7.0	%
Kenneth W. Cappell		115,702		(5)	*
Lawrence F. Hagenbuch		51,802		(6)	*
James J. Quinn		29,988		(7)	*
Dean M. Krutty		167,305		(8)	*
Kelli L. Kellar		20,041		(9)	*
All of our directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons)		2,245,806		(10)	8.4	%

*	Less than one percent.
(1)	Unless otherwise indicated in these footnotes, the address of each named beneficial owner is in care of Arotech Corporation, 1229 Oak Valley Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108.
(2)	Unless otherwise indicated in these footnotes, each of the persons or entities named in the table has sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by that person, subject to applicable community property laws.
(3)	Based on 26,617,460 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 7, 2019. For purposes of determining beneficial ownership of our common stock, owners of options exercisable or restricted stock units that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019 are considered to be the beneficial owners of the shares of common stock for which such securities are exercisable. The percentage ownership of the outstanding common stock reported herein is based on the assumption (expressly required by the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission) that only the person whose ownership is being reported has exercised his options for shares of common stock.
(4)	Jon B. Kutler and his wife are directors of Admiralty Partners, Inc. (“API ”), which owns 1,565,000 shares, or 5.9%, of our common stock. The principal place of business for API is 68-1052 Honoka’ope Way, Kamuela, Hawaii 96743. Mr. and Mrs. Kutler are also settlors and trustees of two trusts that between them own an additional 224,879 shares. Accordingly, Mr. and Ms. Kutler have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to 1,789,879 shares. Mr. and Mrs. Kutler disclaim beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of their respective voting and/or dispositive power. Mr. Kutler also holds 46,904 shares directly, 12,581 shares of unvested restricted stock that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019, and 11,604 unvested restricted shares. All information in this footnote and in the text to which this footnote relates other than information relating directly to Mr. Kutler is based on a Schedule 13D filed by API and certain of its related entities and persons, including Mr. Kutler, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2016, as amended on February 26, 2016 and February 13, 2019, and Forms 3, 4, and 5 filed by Mr. Kutler.
(5)	Consists of 91,517 shares owned directly by Mr. Cappell, 12,581 shares of unvested restricted stock that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019, and 11,604 unvested restricted shares.
(6)	Consists of 24.297 shares owned directly by Mr. Hagenbuch, 15,901 shares of unvested restricted stock that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019, and 11,604 unvested restricted shares.
(7)	Consists of 8,388 shares owned directly by Adm. Quinn, 7,780 shares of unvested restricted stock that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019, and 13,820 unvested restricted shares.
(8)	Consists of 167,305 shares owned directly by Mr. Krutty, which number includes 43,333 shares of stock issued in March 2019 (net of taxes) due to the vesting of 65,000 out of 75,000 restricted stock units, with the remaining 10,000 unearned restricted stock units having been canceled. Does not include 65,000 restricted stock units granted in 2019, the vesting of which is subject to future tenure and performance criteria.
(9)	Consists of 20,041 shares owned directly by Ms. Kellar, which consists of 20,041 shares of stock issued in March 2019 (net of taxes) due to the vesting of 31,200 out of 36,000 restricted stock units, with the remaining 4,800 unearned restricted stock units having been canceled. Does not include 36,000 restricted stock units granted in 2019, the vesting of which is subject to future tenure and performance criteria.
(10)	Includes 48,843 shares of unvested restricted stock that vest within 60 days of March 7, 2019 and 48,632 shares of unvested restricted stock. Does not include 101,000 restricted stock units, the vesting of which is subject to future tenure and performance criteria.

52

---

Table of Contents

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth certain information, as of December 31, 2018, with respect to our 2009 and 2017 equity compensation plans, as well as any stock options previously issued by us (including individual compensation arrangements) as compensation for goods and services:

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

Plan Category		Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a)			Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)			Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		—			—			2,567,392

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Director Consulting Agreement

We and Mr. Jon B. Kutler, who is now our Chairman of the Board, entered into a consulting agreement pursuant to which Mr. Kutler agreed to provide consulting services to us for a period of three years, unless terminated earlier. Under the terms of this agreement, Mr. Kutler will receive an annual fee for the three-year term of the consulting agreement equal to the difference between $125,000 and the amount of cash and the value of any stock received by Mr. Kutler for serving on our Board. This agreement expired in accordance with its terms in February 2019.

Director Independence

For information related to director independence, see Part III - Item 10. “Directors, Executive Offers and Corporate Governance” .

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

In accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Audit Committee’s charter, all audit and audit-related work and all non-audit work performed by our independent accountants, BDO USA, LLP (“BDO”), is approved in advance by the Audit Committee, including the proposed fees for such work. The Audit Committee is informed of each service actually rendered.

Ø	Audit Fees. Audit fees billed or expected to be billed to us by BDO for the audit of the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and reviews of the financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled approximately $406,000 and $507,000, respectively.

Ø	Audit-Related Fees . BDO billed or expected to bill us $35,000 and zero for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for other assurance and related services that are not directly related to the performance of the annual audit or review of our financial statements.

Ø	Tax Fees. BDO billed or expected to bill us $50,000 (including consultation related to mergers and acquisitions) and $109,000 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for tax services.

Ø	All Other Fees. BDO billed or expected to bill us an aggregate of zero for both fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 for permitted non-audit services.

Applicable law and regulations provide an exemption that permits certain services to be provided by our outside auditors even if they are not pre-approved. We have not relied on this exemption at any time since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted.

53

---

Table of Contents

PART IV

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)	The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1)	Financial Statements. See Index to Financial Statements on page 34 above and the financial pages following page 54 below.

(2)	Financial Statements Schedules. All schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is presented in the financial statements or related notes thereto.

(3)	Exhibits. The following Exhibits are either filed herewith or have previously been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are referred to and incorporated herein by reference to such filings, along with hyperlinks to the applicable documents:

			Exhibit No.		Description
(20	)		3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(20	)		3.1.1		Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(1	)		3.1.2		Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(2	)		3.1.3		Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(3	)		3.1.4		Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(4	)		3.1.5		Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(20	)		3.2		Amended and Restated By-Laws
(5	)		4.1		Specimen Certificate for shares of common stock, $0.01 par value
†(6)			10.2		Arotech Corporation 2007 Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan
†(7)			10.3		Arotech Corporation 2009 Equity Incentive Plan
(8	)		10.4		Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of February 2, 2016 between Arotech Corporation and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
(9	)		10.4.1		Amendment dated February 23, 2016 to Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of February 2, 2016 between Arotech Corporation and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
(10	)		10.4.2		Amendment dated March 25, 2016 to Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of February 2, 2016 between Arotech Corporation and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
†(11)			10.5		Consulting Agreement dated February 2, 2016 between Arotech Corporation and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
(11	)		10.6		Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 2, 2016 between Arotech Corporation and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
(12	)		10.7		Voting Agreement dated as of February 23, 2016 between Robert S. Ehrlich, Steven Esses, and Admiralty Partners, Inc.
(13	)		10.8		Credit Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(20	)		10.8.1		First amendment dated June 3, 2016 to Credit Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(20	)		10.8.2		Second amendment dated June 25, 2016 to Credit Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(20	)		10.8.3		Third amendment dated June 1, 2016 to Credit Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(20	)		10.8.4		Fourth amendment dated June 20, 2017 to Credit Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(13	)		10.9		Pledge and Security Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(13	)		10.10		Patent and Trademark Security Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Arotech Corporation and certain of Arotech Corporation’s subsidiaries dated March 11, 2016
(14	)		10.11		Settlement Agreement between Arotech Corporation and Ephraim Fields dated March 25, 2016
†(15)			10.12		Employment Agreement between Arotech Corporation and Dean Krutty dated March 16, 2017 and effective as of January 1, 2017
†(18)			10.12.1		Amendment dated August 30, 2017 to Employment Agreement between Arotech Corporation and Dean Krutty dated March 16, 2017 and effective as of January 1, 2017
††(16)			10.13		Lease dated as of December 31, 2017 between Epsilor-Electric Fuel Ltd. and Industrial Buildings Company, Ltd.

54

---

Table of Contents

			Exhibit No.		Description
(17	)		10.14		Arotech Corporation 2017 Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan
(18	)		10.16		Purchase and Sale Agreement dated May 1, 2017 between FAAC Incorporated, and Oak Valley 1229, LLC
†(19)			10.14		Employment Agreement between Arotech Corporation and Kelli L. Kellar effective as of January 1, 2019
(20	)		10.14		Lease dated as of January 1, 2019 between UEC Properties, LLC and UEC Electronics, LLC
(18	)		21.1		List of Subsidiaries of Arotech Corporation
*			23.1		Consent of BDO USA, LLP
*			31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a -14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*			31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a -14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*			32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*			32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
*			101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
*			101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*			101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*			101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*			101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*			101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*			Filed herewith
†			Includes management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements
††			Summary of Hebrew original
(1	)		Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000
(2	)		Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003
(3	)		Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006
(4	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 9, 2009
(5	)		Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004
(6	)		Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-146752), which became effective on October 17, 2007
(7	)		Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-160717), which became effective on July 21, 2009
(8	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2016
(9	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2016
(10	)		Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016
(11	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2016
(12	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2016
(13	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 14, 2016
(14	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 28, 2016
(15	)		Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016
(16	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 23, 2018
(17	)		Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-222465), which became effective on January 8, 2018
(18	)		Incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017
(19	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 27, 2018
(20	)		Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 31, 2019

ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

55

---

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

AROTECH CORPORATION
By:	/s/	Dean M. Krutty
	Name:	Dean M. Krutty
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:	March 7, 2019

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Dean M. Krutty	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	March 7, 2019
Dean M. Krutty
/s/ Kelli Kellar	Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer	March 7, 2019
Kelli Kellar	(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Colin Gallagher	Controller	March 7, 2019
Colin Gallagher	(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Jon B. Kutler	Chairman of the Board and Director	March 7, 2019
Jon B. Kutler
/s/ Kenneth W. Cappell	Director	March 7, 2019
Kenneth W. Cappell
/s/ Lawrence F. Hagenbuch	Director	March 7, 2019
Lawrence F. Hagenbuch
/s/ James J. Quinn	Director	March 7, 2019
James J. Quinn

56

---

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Arotech Corporation

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Arotech Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated March 7, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Restatement to Correct 2017 Misstatement

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the 2017 financial statements have been restated to correct a misstatement.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

Grand Rapids, Michigan

March 7, 2019

F-1

---

Table of Contents

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

In U.S. dollars

	December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,222,246			$	5,205,246
Restricted collateral deposits	222,712				283,508
Trade receivables, net	16,259,809				19,258,960
Contract assets	17,867,896				16,094,515
Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses	5,989,263				2,342,220
Inventories	9,912,748				8,654,878
Total   current assets	54,474,674				51,839,327
LONG TERM ASSETS:
Contractual and Israeli statutory severance pay fund	3,427,705				3,754,789
Other long term receivables	543,205				184,331
Property and equipment, net	8,914,247				9,276,088
Other intangible assets, net	4,465,778				5,205,605
Goodwill	46,138,036				46,138,036
Total long term assets	63,488,971				64,558,849
Total assets	$	117,963,645			$	116,398,176
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Trade payables	$	6,442,919			$	5,560,196
Other accounts payable and accrued expenses	6,498,045				6,640,154
Current portion of long term debt	2,204,653				2,248,043
Short term bank credit	5,500,416				5,092,088
Contract liabilities	7,054,779				6,778,313
Total current liabilities	27,700,812				26,318,794
LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
Contractual and accrued Israeli statutory severance pay	4,125,675				4,709,807
Long term portion of debt	6,360,569				8,570,524
Deferred income tax liability	2,863,098				2,399,976
Other long term liabilities	137,774				105,112
Total long-term liabilities	13,487,116				15,785,419
Total liabilities	41,187,928				42,104,213
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Share capital –
Common stock – $0.01 par value each; Authorized: 50,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2018 and 2017; Issued and outstanding: 26,486,152 and 26,395,048 shares as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	264,862				263,951
Preferred shares – $0.01 par value each; Authorized: 1,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2018 and 2017; No shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	—				—
Additional paid-in capital	251,551,001				250,826,873
Accumulated deficit	(176,498,057		)		(178,368,012		)
Notes receivable from stockholders	(908,054		)		(908,054		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,365,965				2,479,205
Total stockholders’ equity	76,775,717				74,293,963
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	117,963,645			$	116,398,176

---

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

In U.S. dollars

	December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016
Revenues	$	96,599,741			$	98,722,678			$	92,975,752
Cost of revenues	67,402,263				71,082,708				64,825,416
Research and development expenses	3,030,469				3,041,130				2,722,965
Selling and marketing expenses	8,175,503				7,874,364				7,029,090
General and administrative expenses	12,919,437				11,623,900				15,308,461
Amortization of intangible assets	1,677,443				2,205,755				2,875,543
Total operating costs and expenses	93,205,115				95,827,857				92,761,475
Operating income	3,394,626				2,894,821				214,277
Other income (expense), net	(39,077		)		(8,156		)		64,832
Financial expense, net	(921,953		)		(1,076,659		)		(975,263		)
Total other expense	(961,030		)		(1,084,815		)		(910,431		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (benefit) expense	2,433,596				1,810,006				(696,154		)
Income tax (benefit) expense	563,641				(5,224,875		)		783,420
Income (loss) from continuing operations	1,869,955				7,034,881				(1,479,574		)
Loss from discontinued operations	—				—				(1,368,682		)
Net income (loss)	1,869,955				7,034,881				(2,848,256		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of $0 income tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(113,240		)		1,752,606				54,925
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,756,715			$	8,787,487			$	(2,793,331	)
Income (loss) per share of common stock:
Basic – continuing operations	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.06	)
Basic – discontinued operations	$	—			$	—			$	(0.05	)
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.11	)
Diluted – continuing operations	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.06	)
Diluted – discontinued operations	$	—			$	—			$	(0.05	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.07			$	0.27			$	(0.11	)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per share	26,471,507				26,380,312				25,494,097
Weighted average number of shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share	26,471,507				26,380,312				25,494,097

---

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

In U.S. dollars

	Common stock							Additional paid-in capital				Accumulated deficit				Notes receivable from stockholders				Accumulated other comprehensive income				Total stockholders’ equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance as of January 1, 2016	24,697,335			$	246,973			$	246,591,415			$	(182,554,637	)		$	(908,054	)		$	671,674			$	64,047,371
Stock based compensation	—			—				878,007				—				—				—				878,007
Restricted stock issued	310,735			3,107				(3,107		)		—				—				—				—
Sales of stock, net of offering costs	1,500,000			15,000				2,937,999				—				—				—				2,952,999
Restricted stock units vested	56,202			562				(562		)		—				—				—				—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(126,038	)		(1,260		)		1,260				—				—				—				—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—			—				—				—				—				54,925				54,925
Net Loss	—			—				—				(2,848,256		)		—				—				(2,848,256		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	26,438,234			$	264,382			$	250,405,012			$	(185,402,893	)		$	(908,054	)		$	726,599			$	65,085,046
Balance as of January 1, 2017	26,438,234			$	264,382			$	250,405,012			$	(185,402,893	)		$	(908,054	)		$	726,599			$	65,085,046
Stock based compensation	—			—				421,430				—				—				—				421,430
Restricted stock issued	109,320			1,094				(1,094		)		—				—				—				—
Restricted stock units vested	46,165			462				(462		)		—				—				—				—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(198,671	)		(1,987		)		1,987				—				—				—				—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—			—				—				—				—				1,752,606				1,752,606
Net Income (as restated)	—			—				—				7,034,881				—				—				7,034,881
Balance as of December 31, 2017 (as restated)	26,395,048			$	263,951			$	250,826,873			$	(178,368,012	)		$	(908,054	)		$	2,479,205			$	74,293,963
Balance as of January 1, 2018	26,395,048			$	263,951			$	250,826,873			$	(178,368,012	)		$	(908,054	)		$	2,479,205			$	74,293,963
Stock based compensation	—			—				779,194				—				—				—				779,194
Restricted stock issued	86,900			869				(869		)		—				—				—				—
Restricted stock units vested	50,247			502				(502		)		—				—				—				—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(46,043	)		(460		)		(53,695		)		—				—				—				(54,155		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—			—				—				—				—				(113,240		)		(113,240		)
Net Income	—			—				—				1,869,955				—				—				1,869,955
Balance as of December 31, 2018	26,486,152			$	264,862			$	251,551,001			$	(176,498,057	)		$	(908,054	)		$	2,365,965			$	76,775,717

---

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

In U.S. dollars

	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	1,869,955			$	7,034,881			$	(2,848,256	)
Adjustments required to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	1,990,577				1,835,308				1,789,041
Amortization of intangible assets	1,677,443				2,205,755				2,875,543
Stock based compensation	779,194				421,430				878,007
Loss from sale of property and equipment	47,818				5,651				8,680
Deferred tax (benefit) expense	463,122				(5,468,149		)		836,561
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables	2,536,905				(1,857,393		)		659,468
Unbilled receivables	(5,501,385		)		(5,085,759		)		1,155,454
Other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses	44,770				(252,560		)		(1,176,895		)
Inventories	(1,295,031		)		2,067,853				(652,391		)
Severance pay, net	(329,857		)		(1,894,037		)		1,210,662
Trade payables	866,633				1,282,162				(1,532,471		)
Other accounts payable and accrued expenses	(154,023		)		1,252,630				(103,186		)
Deferred revenues	276,466				357,041				(458,544		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,272,587				1,904,813				2,641,673
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(1,774,166		)		(4,824,493		)		(1,555,788		)
Additions to capitalized software	(937,616		)		(588,014		)		(364,159		)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	94,424				33,766				31,343
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(2,617,358	)		$	(5,378,741	)		$	(1,888,604	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of long term debt	$	(2,253,345	)		$	(1,842,998	)		$	(16,682,823	)
Proceeds from long term debt	—				2,150,000				11,000,000
Other financing activities	(54,155		)		—				—
Change in short term bank credit	408,328				2,119,056				(1,086,968		)
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs	—				—				2,952,999
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(1,899,172		)		2,426,058				(3,816,792		)
DECREASE IN CASH, RESTRICTED COLLATERAL DEPOSITS, AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(1,243,943		)		(1,047,870		)		(3,063,723		)
CASH DIFFERENCES DUE TO EXCHANGE RATE DIFFERENCES	200,147				(863,339		)		(234,719		)
CASH, RESTRICTED COLLATERAL DEPOSITS AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR	$	5,488,754			$	7,399,963			$	10,698,405
CASH, RESTRICTED COLLATERAL DEPOSITS AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR	4,444,958				5,488,754				7,399,963
SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid during the year	855,917				765,941				712,558
Income tax paid during the year	415,724				169,584				221,654

---

a.	Corporate structure:

b.	Discontinued operations

c.	Related parties

---

a.	Principles of consolidation:

b.	Financial Statements in U.S. Dollars:

c.	Cash equivalents:

d.	Restricted collateral deposits:

---

e.	Inventories:

f.	Property and equipment:

	Depreciable life (in years)
Computers and related equipment	3 to 5
Motor vehicles	5 to 7
Office furniture and equipment	3 to 5
Machinery, equipment and installations	5 to 10
Buildings	30
Land	Not depreciated
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the term of the lease or the life of the asset
Demo inventory	3 to 5

g.	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets:

---

h.	Revenue recognition:

•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

•	Identification of the performance obligations within the contract

•	Determination of the transaction price

•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract

•	Recognition of revenue when, or as the performance obligation has been satisfied

---

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018								2017								2016
	Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division				Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division				Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division
Net income (loss)	$	659,037			$	656,665			$	955,022			$	40,888			$	1,856,664			$	(57,384	)

---

	Twelve months ended December 31,
Type of Revenue	2018			2017			2016
Sale of products	94.3	%		96.2	%		95.3	%
Maintenance and support agreements	3.7	%		3.2	%		4.3	%
Long term research and development contracts	2.0	%		0.6	%		0.4	%
Total	100	%		100	%		100	%

---

---

---

i.	Trade receivables

---

j.	Research and development cost:

k.	Income taxes:

l.	Concentration of credit risk:

---

m.	Basic and diluted net income per share:

n.	Accounting for stock-based compensation:

o.	Fair value of financial instruments:

p.	Severance pay:

q.	Advertising costs:

---

r.	New accounting pronouncements:

s.	Use of estimates:

---

t.	Reclassification:

u.	Business Combinations:

	Year Ended
	December 31, 2017
	As Reported				As Restated
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(2,024,130	)		$	(5,224,875	)
Net income (loss)	$	3,834,136			$	7,034,881
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	5,586,742			$	8,787,487
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.15			$	0.27
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.15			$	0.27

---

NOTE 4:–    OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND PREPAID EXPENSES

The following is a summary of other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	December 31,
	2018				2017
Government authorities	$	480,937			$	733,360
Israeli statutory severance pay fund	253,382				—
Employees	42,471				67,504
Prepaid expenses	820,381				1,359,055
Other	4,392,092				182,301
Total	$	5,989,263			$	2,342,220

NOTE 5:–    INVENTORIES

The following is a summary of inventories as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	December 31,
	2018				2017
Raw and packaging materials	$	7,912,883			$	6,843,479
Work in progress	$	1,626,960			$	718,085
Finished products	$	372,905			$	1,093,314
Total	$	9,912,748			$	8,654,878

---

NOTE 6:–    PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

a.	Composition of property and equipment is as follows:

	December 31,
	2018				2017
Cost:
Computers and related equipment	$	3,248,394			$	3,500,548
Motor vehicles	845,246				962,095
Office furniture and equipment	1,835,618				1,664,035
Machinery, equipment and installations	10,630,960				9,522,420
Buildings	4,389,249				4,344,803
Land	300,000				300,000
Leasehold improvements	1,711,196				1,959,587
Demo inventory	2,106,332				1,683,484
Total costs	25,066,995				23,936,972
Accumulated depreciation:
Computers and related equipment	2,455,892				2,590,718
Motor vehicles	433,134				324,433
Office furniture and equipment	1,382,010				1,479,613
Machinery, equipment and installations	8,156,024				6,928,337
Buildings	964,737				729,051
Leasehold improvements	1,196,432				1,284,742
Demo inventory	1,564,519				1,323,990
Total accumulated depreciation	16,152,748				14,660,884
Property and equipment, net	$	8,914,247			$	9,276,088

a.	Goodwill

	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017
Training and Simulation Division	$	24,435,641			$	24,435,641
Power Systems Division	21,702,395				21,702,395
Total	$	46,138,036			$	46,138,036

---

b.	Other intangible assets:

c.	Estimated amortization expense, using both straight line and accelerated amortization methods, for the years shown is as follows:

---

a.	Royalty commitments:

---

b.	Lease commitments:

c.	Guarantees:

d.	Liens:

e.	Litigation and other claims:

---

a.	Stockholders’ rights:

1.	2017 Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Plan – 750,000 shares reserved for issuance, of which 704,100 were available for future grants to outside directors as of December 31, 2018.

2.	2009 Equity Incentive Plan – 5,000,000 shares reserved for issuance, of which 2,567,392 were available for future grants to employees and consultants as of December 31, 2018.

3.	Under these plans, restricted shares and restricted stock units generally vest after one to three years or pursuant to defined performance criteria; in the event that employment or the director is terminated within that period, unvested restricted shares and restricted stock units generally revert back to the Company.

4.

Stock compensation expense is recorded ratably over the vesting period of the option or the restriction period of the restricted shares and restricted stock units. The stock compensation expense that has been charged in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income in respect of restricted shares and restricted stock units to employees and directors in 2018, 2017, and 2016, was $779,194 , $421,430 , and $878,007 , respectively.

5.	A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares and restricted stock units granted as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and changes during the years ended on those dates, is presented below:

Restricted Shares and Restricted Stock Units :

	2018							2017
	Shares			Weighted average fair value at grant date				Shares			Weighted average fair value at grant date
Outstanding on January 1	240,433			$	3.11			389,963			$	2.44
Changes during year:
Restricted stock granted	86,900			$	3.29			109,320			$	3.20
Restricted units granted	172,500			$	3.55			198,000			$	3.50
Vested / Released	(139,313	)		$	3.18			(166,847	)		$	2.45
Forfeited / Canceled	(72,942	)		$	3.39			(290,003	)		$	2.89
Outstanding on December 31	287,578			$	3.32			240,433			$	3.11
Restricted shares vested at end of year	3,932,740			$	2.30			3,793,427			$	2.27

6.	The remaining total compensation cost related to non-vested restricted share and restricted stock unit awards not yet recognized (before applying a forfeiture rate) in the income statement as of December 31, 2018 was $106,111 . The weighted average period over which this compensation cost is expected to be recognized is approximately one and a half years.

NOTE 12:–    INCOME TAXES

a.	General:

Prior year amounts have been restated to reflect the correction of an error discussed in Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.”

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes broad complex changes to the U.S. tax code including, but not limited to, reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requiring reversing

F-24

---

Table of Contents

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In U.S. dollars

U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets to become an NOL carryforward with an indefinite carryforward period, requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creating new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings and additional limitations on the deductibility of interest.

The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) in December, 2017, to provide guidance on accounting for the effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides for a measurement period of up to one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete their assessment of and accounting for those effects of the Tax Act. Under SAB 118, a company must first reflect the income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting is complete in the period of the date of enactment. To the extent the accounting for other income tax effects is incomplete, but a reasonable estimate can be determined, companies must record a provisional estimate to be included in their financial statements. The measurement period ended during the fourth quarter of 2018 and we completed our accounting for the effects of the Tax Act and did not make material adjustments to the amounts recorded in 2018. However, we did adjust for the restatement for the income tax accounting errors in 2017 as described in Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.”

In 2017 (as restated), the Company recorded tax benefits related to the enactment-date effects of the Tax Act that included adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities for the change in tax rates of $3.2 million and recognizing the effects of U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets that convert to indefinite lived thereby allowing for indefinite lived U.S. federal deferred tax liabilities available to use as a source of future taxable income of $3.2 million . These enactment-date changes resulted in the Company’s negative effective tax rate in 2017 of (289)% .

For the period ending December 31, 2017 the Company had no liabilities associated with the one-time tax on accumulated foreign earnings provision of the Tax Act due to the accumulated net loss position of the foreign subsidiary.

Beginning in 2018, the Tax Act provides a 100% deduction for dividends received from 10-percent owned foreign corporations by U.S. corporate shareholders, subject to a one-year holding period. Although dividend income is now exempt from U.S. federal tax in the hands of the U.S. corporate shareholders, companies must still apply the guidance of ASC 740-30-25-18 to account for the tax consequences of outside basis differences and other tax impacts of their investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Upon completion of the Company’s analysis it was determined that the recording of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the foreign subsidiary was not required as of December 31, 2018 due to the existence of accumulated losses. The Company has asserted that it will permanently reinvest any future earnings from the foreign subsidiary back into its operations.

The Act subjects a US shareholder to tax on GILTI earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) , states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. The Company has elected to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. The Company has determined that it has no tax expense related to GILTI in 2018.

The Tax Act allows for the indefinite carryforward of NOL arising in a taxable year ending after December 31, 2017, which would be considered an indefinite lived asset. The amendments limit the future usage of such NOL deductions to 80 percent of taxable income in a single year, and disallow the carryback of NOLs to prior years with taxable income. The Company did not generate any NOL in the tax year ended December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had existing NOL carryforwards arising from tax years prior to 2018 for U.S. federal income tax purposes of $33.8 million , which are available to offset future taxable income, if any, expiring in 2021 through 2037 . Utilization of U.S. net operating losses for tax years ending on or before December 31, 2017 is subject to substantial annual limitations due to the “change in ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.

At December 31, 2018, the Company had net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance of $34.0 million . The deferred tax assets are primarily composed of federal, state and foreign tax NOL carryforwards. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize these assets, a valuation allowance has been established to offset certain of its net deferred tax assets. Additionally, the future utilization of the Company’s NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income is subject to a substantial annual limitation as a result of IRC Section 382 changes that have occurred. Any carryforwards that will expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations will be removed from deferred tax assets with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance.

The Company has indefinite-lived intangible assets consisting of trademarks and goodwill. These intangible assets are not amortized for financial reporting purposes. However, these assets are tax deductible, and therefore amortized over 15 years for tax purposes. As such, deferred income tax expense and a deferred tax liability arise as a result of the tax-deductibility of these assets. The

F-25

---

Table of Contents

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In U.S. dollars

resulting deferred tax liability, which is expected to continue to increase over time, will have an indefinite life, resulting in what is referred to as a “naked tax credit.” This deferred tax liability could remain on the Company’s balance sheet permanently unless there is an impairment of the related assets (for financial reporting purposes), or the business to which those assets relate were to be disposed of. Due to the fact that the aforementioned deferred tax liability could have an indefinite life, these U.S. federal deferred tax liabilities are being utilized as a future source of taxable income against its U.S. federal non-NOL deferred tax assets that will reverse into net operating losses with an unlimited carryforward period, as allowed by the Tax Act.

The Company has also evaluated its income tax positions under FASB ASC 740-10 as of December 31, 2018 and the Company believes that it has no material uncertain tax positions and therefore has no uncertain tax position reserves and does not expect to provide for any such reserves. The Company does not believe that the unrecognized tax benefits will change within 12 months of this reporting date. It is the Company’s policy that any assessed penalties and interest on uncertain tax positions would be charged to income tax expense.

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return for its U.S. entities, along with returns for its subsidiaries, which are filed with various state, local and foreign jurisdictions.

b.	Israeli subsidiary (Epsilor-EFL):

Epsilor-EFL’s tax rate was 24% for 2018, 24% for 2017 and 25% for 2016. Beginning in 2018, dividends paid from the profits of Epsilor-EFL are no longer subject to tax in the hands of their recipient. Management has indicated that it has no intention of declaring a dividend, and that any future earnings from the operations of Epsilor-EFL will continue to be permanently reinvested into those operations. Due to these assertions, the Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of its foreign subsidiary as of December 31, 2018.

The Israeli government has established certain development zones so as to incentivize business development and export activities. Companies that reside in this zone and meet certain criteria are subject to a favorable tax rates. Epsilor-EFL is located in an approved development zone, however, currently does not meet the criteria established by the government to obtain the tax incentives.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has tax loss carryforwards, generated by the predecessor of Epsilor-EFL, of $90.1 million , which is available indefinitely to offset future taxable income. Due to the 2009 merger of EFL-Epsilor, the utilization of the tax loss carryforward is subject to annual limitations.

c.	Consolidated deferred income taxes:

Deferred income taxes reflect tax credit carryforwards and the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the bases of the assets and liabilities used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:

F-26

---

Table of Contents

AROTECH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In U.S. dollars

	December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)
U.S. operating loss carryforward (federal and state)	$	7,743,478			$	9,452,111
Foreign operating loss carryforward	21,619,611				21,949,779
Total operating loss carryforward	29,363,089				31,401,890
Temporary differences:
Compensation and benefits	156,240				62,038
Warranty reserves	1,141,244				871,219
Foreign temporary differences	449,738				684,230
Definite lived intangible assets	1,822,770				1,696,965
Fixed assets	609,259				864,139
AMT credit	173,638				173,638
All other temporary differences	332,537				420,322
Total temporary differences	4,685,426				4,772,551
Deferred tax asset before valuation allowance	34,048,515				36,174,441
Valuation allowance	(30,284,545		)		(32,586,628		)
Total deferred tax asset	$	3,763,970			$	3,587,813
Deferred tax liability – intangible assets	$	6,627,068			$	5,987,789
Net deferred tax liability	$	2,863,098			$	2,399,976

d.	Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes on income are as follows:

e.	Taxes on income were comprised of the following:

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016
Current federal taxes	$	—			$	—			$	—
Current state and local taxes	329,599				47,316				(24,634		)
Deferred taxes	463,122				(5,468,149		)		836,561
Foreign taxes	(229,080		)		241,267				—
Taxes in respect of prior years	—				(45,309		)		(28,507		)
(Benefit)/expense	$	563,641			$	(5,224,875	)		$	783,420

---

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018				2017 (as restated)				2016
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes	$	2,433,596			$	1,810,006			$	(696,154	)
Statutory tax rate	21		%		34		%		34		%
Theoretical income tax on the above amount at the U.S. statutory tax rate	$	511,055			$	615,402			$	(236,692	)
Deferred taxes for which valuation allowance was provided	(207,931		)		497,850				589,912
Non-deductible expenses	34,344				74,153				22,746
State taxes, net of federal benefit	260,383				31,228				(16,258		)
Foreign income in tax rates other than U.S. rate	(34,210		)		(36,925		)		452,219
Taxes in respect of prior years	—				(45,309		)		(28,507		)
Enactment date and measurement period adjustments from the Tax Act	—				(6,361,274		)		—
Actual tax expense	$	563,641			$	(5,224,875	)		$	783,420

NOTE 13:–    FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

Financial income (expense), net:

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Financial expenses:
Interest, bank charges and fees	$	(930,840	)		$	(828,154	)		$	(927,390	)
Foreign currency transaction differences, net	(7,028		)		(248,505		)		(47,873		)
Total financial expenses	(937,868		)		(1,076,659		)		(975,263		)
Financial income, net	15,915				—				—
Financial expense, net	$	(921,953	)		$	(1,076,659	)		$	(975,263	)

a.	General:

---

b.	The following is information about reportable segment gains, losses and assets and are presented after the elimination of intra-segment revenues and expenses:

2018	Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division				Corporate				Total Company
Revenues from outside customers	$	56,708,170			$	39,891,571			$	—			$	96,599,741
Depreciation and amortization expenses (1)	(801,480		)		(2,866,540		)		—				(3,668,020		)
Direct expenses (2)	(45,436,087		)		(39,968,413		)		(4,132,595		)		(89,537,095		)
Segment operating income (loss)	10,470,603				(2,943,382		)		(4,132,595		)		3,394,626
Total other expense	(250,112		)		(22,779		)		(688,139		)		(961,030		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(292,599		)		211,080				(482,122		)		(563,641		)
Net income (loss)	$	9,927,892			$	(2,755,081	)		$	(5,302,856	)		$	1,869,955
Segment assets	$	54,964,358			$	59,763,603			$	3,235,684			$	117,963,645
Additions to long-lived assets	$	1,503,583			$	1,208,199			$	—			$	2,711,782

2017 (as restated)	Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division				Corporate				Total Company
Revenues from outside customers	$	50,254,324			$	48,468,354			$	—			$	98,722,678
Depreciation and amortization expenses (1)	(963,060		)		(3,073,365		)		(4,638		)		(4,041,063		)
Direct expenses (2)	(41,642,254		)		(46,608,518		)		(3,536,022		)		(91,786,794		)
Segment operating income (loss)	7,649,010				(1,213,529		)		(3,540,660		)		2,894,821
Total other expense	(125,168		)		(261,455		)		(698,192		)		(1,084,815		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(41,391		)		(195,592		)		5,461,858				5,224,875
Net income (loss)	$	7,482,451			$	(1,670,576	)		$	1,223,006			$	7,034,881
Segment assets	$	52,075,040			$	61,216,020			$	3,107,116			$	116,398,176
Additions to long-lived assets	$	2,996,452			$	2,416,055			$	—			$	5,412,507

2016	Training and Simulation Division				Power Systems Division				Corporate				Total Company
Revenues from outside customers	$	46,358,794			$	46,616,958			$	—			$	92,975,752
Depreciation and amortization expenses (1)	(1,113,001		)		(3,531,851		)		(19,732		)		(4,664,584		)
Direct expenses (2)	(37,646,540		)		(43,730,381		)		(6,719,970		)		(88,096,891		)
Segment operating income (loss)	7,599,253				(645,274		)		(6,739,702		)		214,277
Total other expense	(31,967		)		(39,698		)		(838,766		)		(910,431		)
Income tax (expense) benefit	24,634				28,507				(836,561		)		(783,420		)
Net income (loss)	$	7,591,920			$	(656,465	)		$	(8,415,029	)		$	(1,479,574	)
Segment assets	$	43,740,316			$	58,955,828			$	6,444,053			$	109,140,197
Additions to long-lived assets	$	586,068			$	1,081,815			$	—			$	1,667,883

(1)	Includes depreciation of property and equipment and amortization expenses of intangible assets.

(2)	Including, inter alia , sales and marketing, general and administrative, research and development and other income.

---

c.	Summary information about geographic areas:

	2018								2017								2016
	Total revenues				Long-lived Assets				Total revenues				Long-lived Assets				Total revenues				Long-lived assets
U.S.A.	$	76,295,942			$	49,437,609			$	71,543,220			$	50,361,031			$	72,645,752			$	49,883,172
Israel	9,188,632				10,080,452				17,631,139				10,258,698				13,944,078				8,308,931
Canada	2,017,304				—				1,147,679				—				2,435,134				—
Taiwan	435,759				—				—				—				690,080				—
Mexico	1,549,703				—				2,528,220				—				590,919				—
Japan	—				—				770,439				—				182,996				—
Germany	397,527				—				226,806				—				115,509				—
Italy	435,470				—				204,147				—				—				—
Jordan	490,882				—				—				—				—				—
Indonesia	295,072				—				384,928				—				—				—
Singapore	989,631				—				336,896				—				—				—
Thailand	597,355				—				91,375				—				1,725				—
Costa Rica	437,866				—				—				—				—				—
China	550,179				—				2,214,436				—				—				—
Other	2,918,419				—				1,643,393				—				2,369,559				—
	$	96,599,741			$	59,518,061			$	98,722,678			$	60,619,729			$	92,975,752			$	58,192,103

NOTE 15:–    WARRANTY

The following is a summary of the deferred warranty revenue in the Simulation Division included in total deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018				2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,387,771			$	2,702,615
Deferred revenue	4,585,355				3,864,556
Revenue recognized	(3,539,931		)		(3,179,400		)
Balance at end of period	$	4,433,195			$	3,387,771

	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2018				2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	176,953			$	202,429
New reserves	125,855				88,223
Costs incurred	(97,617		)		(113,699		)
Balance at end of period	$	205,191			$	176,953

---

NOTE 16:–    QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED):

a.	The unaudited quarterly information for the fiscal year 2017 has been restated to correct the error described in Note 3, “Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements.”

		Twelve months ended December 31, 2018
(in thousands, except per share data)		First Quarter				Second Quarter				Third Quarter				Fourth Quarter
Revenues		$	27,249			$	21,875			$	23,844			$	23,632
Gross profit		7,712				6,600				7,327				7,559
Net income (loss)		596				83				740				451
Basic net income/(loss) per common share		$	0.02			$	—			$	0.03			$	0.02
Diluted net income/(loss) per common share		$	0.02			$	—			$	0.03			$	0.02

		Twelve months ended December 31, 2017 (as reported)
(in thousands, except per share data)		First Quarter				Second Quarter				Third Quarter				Fourth Quarter
Revenues		$	22,347			$	21,449			$	25,931			$	28,996
Gross profit		6,480				5,982				7,257				7,921
Net income (loss)		(768		)		(594		)		787				4,409
Basic net income/(loss) per common share		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.02	)		$	0.03			$	0.17
Diluted net income/(loss) per common share		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.02	)		$	0.03			$	0.17

		Twelve months ended December 31, 2017 (as restated)
(in thousands, except per share data)		First Quarter				Second Quarter				Third Quarter				Fourth Quarter (as restated)
Revenues		$	22,347			$	21,449			$	25,931			$	28,996
Gross profit		6,480				5,982				7,257				7,921
Net income (loss)*		(768		)		(594		)		787				7,610
Basic net income/(loss) per common share		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.02	)		$	0.03			$	0.29
Diluted net income/(loss) per common share		$	(0.03	)		$	(0.02	)		$	0.03			$	0.29