The validity of the ordinary
shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus has been passed upon by our attorney, the Law Office of Avraham Ben-Tzvi, Adv.
in Jerusalem, Israel. The Law Office of Avraham Ben-Tzvi, Adv. and Avraham Ben-Tzvi, Adv. personally, together presently hold in
aggregate 276,920 options previously issued to them under the Plan (the “Options”), of which an aggregate of 143,253
such Options are presently exercisable. The Options were issued at various times between May 2016 and March 2019, are exercisable
into 276,920 ordinary shares of the Company at exercise prices ranging between $1.33 and $4.52 per ordinary share, and expire on
various dates between November 1, 2023 and March 19, 2026. The Options have an estimated aggregate fair market value of approximately
$90,000 as of the date of this Registration Statement.
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Item 6.
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Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
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Under the Israeli Companies
Law (the “Companies Law”), a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of a fiduciary
duty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for damages
caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is included
in its articles of association. Our amended and restated articles of association include such a provision. The Company may not
exculpate in advance a director from liability arising out of a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.
Under
the Companies Law and the Securities Law, 5738 – 1968 (“Securities Law”) a company may indemnify an office holder
in respect of the following liabilities, payments and expenses incurred for acts performed by him or her as an office holder,
either in advance of an event or following an event, provided its articles of association include a provision authorizing such
indemnification:
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●
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a
monetary liability incurred by or imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, including a settlement
or arbitrator’s award approved by a court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with respect to such
liability is provided in advance, then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in the opinion of the board of directors,
can be foreseen based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according
to criteria determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the
abovementioned foreseen events and amount or criteria;
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reasonable
litigation expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder as a result of an investigation
or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that
(i) no indictment was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (ii) no financial
liability was imposed upon him or her as a substitute for the criminal proceeding as a result of such investigation or proceeding
or, if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require proof of criminal
intent or in connection with a monetary sanction;
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●
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a
monetary liability imposed on him or her in favor of a payment for a breach offended at an Administrative Procedure (as defined
below) as set forth in Section 52(54)(a)(1)(a) to the Securities Law;
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expenses
associated with an Administrative Procedure conducted regarding an office holder, including reasonable litigation expenses and
reasonable attorneys’ fees; and
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reasonable
litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or imposed by a court in proceedings instituted
against him or her by the company, on its behalf, or by a third party, or in connection with criminal proceedings in which the
office holder was acquitted, or as a result of a conviction for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent.
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An
“Administrative Procedure” is defined as a procedure pursuant to chapters H3 (Monetary Sanction by the Israeli Securities
Authority), H4 (Administrative Enforcement Procedures of the Administrative Enforcement Committee) or I1 (Arrangement to prevent
Procedures or Interruption of procedures subject to conditions) to the Securities Law.
Under
the Companies Law and the Securities Law, a company may insure an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for
acts performed by him or her as an office holder if and to the extent provided in the company’s articles of association:
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●
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a
breach of a fiduciary duty to the company, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe
that the act would not harm the company;
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a
breach of duty of care to the company or to a third party, to the extent such a breach arises out of the negligent conduct of
the office holder;
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a
monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party;
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a
monetary liability imposed on the office holder in favor of an injured party at an Administrative Procedure pursuant to Section
52(54)(a)(1)(a) of the Securities Law; and
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expenses
incurred by an office holder in connection with an Administrative Procedure, including reasonable litigation expenses and reasonable
attorneys’ fees.
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Under
the Companies Law, a company may not indemnify, exculpate or insure an office holder against any of the following:
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●
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a
breach of fiduciary duty, except for indemnification and insurance for a breach of the fiduciary duty to the company to the extent
that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;
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a
breach of duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office
holder;
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an
act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or
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a
fine or forfeit levied against the office holder.
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Under
the Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by the compensation committee
and the board of directors and, with respect to directors or controlling shareholders, their relatives and third parties in which
such controlling shareholders have a personal interest, also by the shareholders.
Our
amended and restated articles of association permit us to exculpate, indemnify and insure our office holders to the fullest extent
permitted or to be permitted by law. Our office holders are currently covered by a directors’ and officers’ liability
insurance policy.
We
have entered into agreements with each of our current office holders exculpating them from a breach of their duty of care to us
to the fullest extent permitted by law, subject to limited exceptions, and undertaking to indemnify them to the fullest extent
permitted by law, subject to limited exceptions, including with respect to liabilities resulting from our Registration Statements,
to the extent that these liabilities are not covered by insurance. This indemnification is limited to events determined as foreseeable
by the board of directors based on our activities, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of directors
as reasonable under the circumstances. The maximum aggregate amount of indemnification that we may pay to our office holders based
on such indemnification agreement is with respect to all permitted indemnification, including in connection with a public offering
of our securities, an amount equal to 25% of our shareholders’ equity on a consolidated basis, based on our most recent
financial statements made publicly available before the date on which the indemnification payment was made. Such indemnification
amounts are in addition to any insurance amounts. Each office holder who agrees to receive this letter of indemnification also
gives his approval to the termination of all previous letters of indemnification that we have provided to him or her in the past,
if any.
We
expect to indemnify our officers and directors for obligations, including the deductibles for our directors’ and officers’
liability insurance policy, and we may be required to pay and costs and expenses they may incur related to the ISA Investigation,
the 2015 Motion, the 2017 Motions and U.S. Class Actions described in Item 8. Financial Information – A. Financial Statements
and Other Financial Information – Legal Proceedings in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2019, pursuant to the letters of indemnification issued to our directors and officers.
Insofar
as indemnifications for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling
the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification
is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
To
our knowledge, other than with respect to the 2015 Motion, the 2017 Motions, the U.S. Class Actions, and the ISA Investigation,
which are all described further in “Item 8. Financial Information – A. Financial Statements and Other Financial Information
– Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report for 2019 on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference in this Registration
Statement, there is no pending litigation or proceeding against any of our office holders as to which indemnification is being,
or may be sought, nor are we aware of any other pending or threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in claims for indemnification
by any office holder.
(a)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
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(i)
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To
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
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(ii)
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To reflect in the
prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment hereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in
this Registration Statement; and
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(iii)
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To include any material
information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement or any material
change to such information in this Registration Statement;
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provided,
however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at
that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.
(b)
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933,
each filing of the Registrant’s annual reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed
to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and
controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that
in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act
and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the
securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy
as expressed in such Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.