Item 1.01                    Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

As previously disclosed, Cloud Peak Energy Resources LLC (“CPE Resources”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Cloud Peak Energy Inc. (“CPE,” the “Company,” “we” or “our”), elected not to make an interest payment under its 6.375% senior notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”) of approximately $1.8 million, which was due on March 15, 2019. The indenture governing the 2024 Notes (the “2024 Notes Indenture”) provided a 30-day grace period that extended the last day to make the interest payment to April 14, 2019 before an event of default would occur under the 2024 Notes Indenture. As a result of CPE Resources’ decision not to make the interest payment by April 14, 2019, an event of default occurred under the 2024 Notes Indenture. This event of default allows the trustee or the holders of at least 25% of principal amount of the 2024 Notes to accelerate maturity of the principal, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, on the 2024 Notes. In the event of acceleration, we do not have adequate liquidity to repay the principal balance. On April 15, 2019, CPE Resources entered into a Forbearance Agreement (the “2024 Notes Forbearance Agreement”) with CPE, Cloud Peak Finance Corp. and Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management Inc. (“Nomura”), which provided that Nomura, an investment advisor for the holders or beneficial owners of a majority (but less than 75%) of the 2024 Notes outstanding, would not enforce any of its rights and remedies available under the 2024 Notes Indenture as a result of the event of default caused by the continued non-payment of interest under the 2024 Notes until the earlier of (i) May 1, 2019 and (ii) two business days following written notice from Nomura of any breach of the 2024 Notes Forbearance Agreement. On April 30, 2019, the parties entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) amending the 2024 Notes Forbearance Agreement, which extended the May 1, 2019 termination date to May 7, 2019.

An event of default under the 2024 Notes for failure to pay interest does not result in a default under the 12.00% second lien senior notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”) unless the 2024 Notes are accelerated. The event of default under the 2024 Notes Indenture for failure to pay interest on the 2024 Notes resulted in a cross-default under our Accounts Receivable Securitization Program (the “A/R Securitization Program”), which permits PNC Bank, National Association, as administrator, to terminate the A/R Securitization Program. On April 12, 2019, we entered into an Amended and Restated Forbearance Agreement (the “PNC Forbearance Agreement”) with Cloud Peak Energy Receivables LLC, CPE Resources and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrator, which amended and restated the Forbearance Agreement originally dated March 14, 2019 and provided that PNC Bank, National Association would not exercise any of its remedies upon a default under the A/R Securitization Program based on (i) the existence of a going concern qualification in our annual audit for fiscal year 2018 or (ii) the event of default under the 2024 Notes Indenture for failure to pay interest on the 2024 Notes. On April 30 , 2019, the parties entered into a Second Amended and Restated Forbearance Agreement (the “Second Amended and Restated Forbearance Agreement”), which provides that the forbearance period under the PNC Forbearance Agreement will terminate on the earlier of (x) May 7, 2019 and (y) the date on which any additional events of default may occur, as specified therein.

As previously disclosed, CPE Resources has an interest payment obligation under the 2021 Notes of approximately $17.4 million, which was due on May 1, 2019. CPE Resources elected not to make such interest payment on May 1, 2019. The indenture governing the 2021 Notes (the “2021 Notes Indenture”) provides a 30-day grace period that extends the latest date for making this interest payment to May 31, 2019, before an event of default occurs under the 2021 Notes Indenture.  If CPE Resources does not make this interest payment by May 31, 2019, an event of default would occur under the 2021 Notes Indenture, which would give the trustee or the holders of at least 25% of principal amount of the 2021 Notes the option to accelerate maturity of the principal, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, on the 2021 Notes.  An event of default under the 2021 Notes for failure to pay interest would not result in a default under the 2024 Notes unless the 2021 Notes were accelerated. An event of default under the 2021 Notes for failure to pay interest, at the end of the grace period, would result in a cross-default under our A/R Securitization Program and permit the lender to terminate the A/R Securitization Program.  In the event of a default and acceleration, we do not have adequate liquidity to repay the principal balance.

As previously disclosed, we have retained Centerview Partners LLC as our investment banker, Vinson & Elkins LLP as our legal advisor, and FTI Consulting, Inc. as our financial advisor to assist us in our review of capital structure and restructuring alternatives. Our restructuring evaluation process is continuing.  We remain actively engaged in discussions with certain of our creditor groups’ financial and legal advisors and certain holders of the 2021 Notes regarding potential alternatives, including asset sales, a debt restructuring, or some combination thereof, which transaction or transactions may take place through a court-supervised process under Chapter 11 of the U.S.

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Bankruptcy Code, and we are also in discussions regarding our related financing needs.  Although this process remains uncertain and fluid, we will need to restructure our balance sheet in order to improve our capital structure, adjust our business to ongoing depressed Powder River Basin thermal coal industry conditions, address our significantly reduced liquidity and continue as a going concern.

In connection with our review of capital structure and restructuring alternatives, we expect our mining operations and reclamation activities to continue in the ordinary course of business.

The foregoing descriptions of the Letter Agreement and the Second Amended and Restated Forbearance Agreement, respectively, do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full terms and conditions of the Letter Agreement and the Second Amended and Restated Forbearance Agreement, which are filed with this Form 8-K as Exhibit 10.1 and Exhibit 10.2, respectively.