Notes to Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements

For the Three and Nine-Month Interim Periods Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

Effective August 17, 2017, Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company,” “Grom,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), a Florida corporation f/k/a Illumination America, Inc. (“Illumination”), consummated the acquisition of Grom Holdings, Inc. (“Grom Holdings”). Pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement (“Share Exchange”) that was entered into on May 15, 2017, the Company amended its Articles of Incorporation to increase its authorized capital to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, as well as to change its name to “Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.” At the closing of the Share Exchange, the Company issued an aggregate of 110,853,883 shares of its common stock to the Grom Holdings shareholders, pro rata to their respective ownership percentage. Each share of Grom Holdings was exchanged for 4.17 shares of Illumination common stock. As a result, the stockholders of Grom Holdings are now stockholders of the Company and own approximately 92% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock.

As a result of the acquisition of Grom Holdings, Inc. the Company now operates its business through five wholly-owned subsidiaries, including:

Retroactive Application of the Share Exchange Ratio

All references to share totals or values in this Form 10-Q, unless otherwise stated, have been adjusted, retroactively, to reflect the Share Exchange ratio of 4.17 as of August 17, 2017.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business for the twelve-month period following the date of these financial statements. On a consolidated basis, the Company has incurred significant operating losses since inception.

Because the Company does not expect that existing operational cash flow will be sufficient to fund presently anticipated operations, this raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, the Company will need to raise additional funds and is currently exploring alternative sources of financing. Historically, the Company has raised capital through private placements, convertible debentures and officer loans as an interim measure to finance working capital needs and may continue to raise additional capital through the sale of Common Stock or other securities and obtaining some short-term loans. The Company will be required to continue to so until its consolidated operations become profitable. Also, the Company has, in the past, paid for consulting services with its Common Stock to maximize working capital, and intends to continue this practice where feasible.

Management’s Representation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company without audit pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted as allowed by such rules and regulations, and management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These consolidated financial statements include all of the adjustments, which in the opinion of management are necessary to a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2017 and 2016, as presented in the Company’s Form 10-K filed on April 17, 2018 with the SEC.

Basis of Presentation

The Company has deemed the transfer of net assets to be a reverse acquisition in accordance with FASB ASC 805-40,  "Reverse Acquisitions" . The legal acquirer is Illumination America and the legal acquiree is Grom Holdings, Inc. However, the transaction was accounted for as a recapitalization effected by a share exchange, wherein Grom Holdings is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes. The assets and liabilities of the acquired entity have been brought forward at their book value and no goodwill has been recognized.

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and are expressed in United States dollars. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Grom Social, TD Holdings, GES, Illumination, GNS and IAL. TD Holdings was acquired on July 1, 2016; and GES was formed in January 2017 to house the NetSpective assets and business which was acquired on January 1, 2017.

GNS, which was formed in April 2017, had not recorded any material activity through the date of this report.

All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to revenue recognition, valuation of accounts receivable and inventories, purchase price allocation of acquired businesses, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of financial instruments, income taxes, and contingencies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable given the quality of information available as of the date of these financial statements. The results of these assumptions provide the basis for making estimates about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. As of and for the three month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018, the consolidated financial statements were not materially impacted as a result of the application of Topic 606 compared to Topic 605.

Revenue from the production of animated films is recognized based upon substantial completion and delivery of the Company’s produced animated films on a per episodic basis. Substantial means that the animated films are 100% complete and is usually termed as a “first take”. In certain animation contracts, a certain percentage of the total contract price is withheld by the Company’s client for possible retakes and rejects over the finished products and are not recognized as revenue. A certain percentage of the episode price is required in advance as a down payment upon every inception of the animation of an episode and is initially recorded by the Company as deferred revenue.

Revenue is measured by reference to the fair value of the consideration received or receivable by the Company for services provided, excluding value-added tax (VAT), if any, and trade discounts. Cost and expenses are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income upon utilization of the service or at the date they are incurred.

Revenue from subscription sales is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the subscription period. Typically, a subscriber purchases computer hardware and a service license for a period of use between one year to five years for software and support. The subscriber is billed in full at the time of the sale. The Company immediately recognizes any revenue attributable to the computer hardware as it is non-refundable. The advanced billing for software and service is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue evenly throughout the subscription period.

Fair Value Measurements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1  - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2  - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3  - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its Level 1 financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The respective carrying value of certain balance sheet financial instruments approximates its fair value. These financial instruments include cash, trade receivables, related party payables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings. Fair values were estimated to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short-term in nature and they are receivable or payable on demand.

The estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations and reporting units and long-lived assets used in the related asset impairment tests utilize inputs classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company determines the fair value of contingent consideration based on a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis. The fair value remeasurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in the fair value hierarchy. In each period, the Company reassesses its current estimates of performance relative to the stated targets and adjusts the liability to fair value. Any such adjustments are included as a component of Other Income (Expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The following table summarizes the change in the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risk. Terms of convertible and other promissory notes are reviewed to determine whether they contain embedded derivative instruments that are required to be accounted for separately from the host contract and recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative liabilities is required to be revalued at each reporting date, with corresponding changes in fair value recorded in current period operating results.

Beneficial Conversion Features

In accordance with FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options” the Company records a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt or preferred stock instruments that have conversion features at fixed rates that are in-the-money when issued. The BCF for the convertible instruments is recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds equal to the intrinsic value of that feature to additional paid-in capital. The intrinsic value is generally calculated at the commitment date as the difference between the conversion price and the fair value of the common stock or other securities into which the security is convertible, multiplied by the number of shares into which the security is convertible. If certain other securities are issued with the convertible security, the proceeds are allocated among the different components. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the convertible security is divided by the contractual number of the conversion shares to determine the effective conversion price, which is used to measure the BCF. The effective conversion price is used to compute the intrinsic value. The value of the BCF is limited to the basis that is initially allocated to the convertible security.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants issued to purchase shares of its common stock as equity in accordance with FASB ASC 480,  Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds, the fair value of which approximates cost. The Company maintains its cash balances with a high-credit-quality financial institution. At times, such cash may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured limit of $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, and management believes the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms which are recorded at net realizable value. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management’s assessment of the collectability of trade receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance. The Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of each customer based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a specific allowance will be required.

Recovery of bad debt amounts previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

Inventory

Materials are recorded at cost, determined using the first-in, first-out method. Work-in-process inventories are valued at the actual cost incurred for a specific project. The cost of work-in-process includes materials, direct labor, other direct costs and related production overheads.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Historically, costs are generally lower in the case of the Company’s inventories since all animation projects are contract based with guaranteed payments from its customers. Materials-in-transit, if any, are stated at invoice cost plus any importation or other incidental charges.

The Company may record a write-down against cost for inventory if necessary, based on a review of the movement and current condition of raw materials. The Company does not believe that any obsolescence exists on work in process. In the event of a dispute with a client regarding quality or specifications, the Company may incur additional costs because of retakes and editing in an effort to achieve customer satisfaction.

The Company believes that no write-down for obsolete inventory is necessary as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method and is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The carrying amount and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are removed from the accounts in the year of disposal and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

Construction in process is not depreciated until the construction is completed and the asset is placed into service.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the Company’s acquisitions is attributable to the value of the potential expanded market opportunity with new customers. Intangible assets have either an identifiable or indefinite useful life. Intangible assets with identifiable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic or legal life, whichever is shorter. The Company’s amortizable intangible assets consist of customer relationships and non-compete agreements. Their useful lives range from 1.5 to 10 years. The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments. The Company performs an annual impairment assessment for goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year and more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the asset may be less than the carrying amount. Goodwill impairment testing is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. Step one compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by considering both the income approach and market approaches. The fair values calculated under the income approach and market approaches are weighted based on circumstances surrounding the reporting unit. Under the income approach, the Company determines fair value based on estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit, which are discounted to the present value using discount factors that consider the timing and risk of cash flows. For the discount rate, the Company relies on the capital asset pricing model approach, which includes an assessment of the risk-free interest rate, the rate of return from publicly traded stocks, the Company’s risk relative to the overall market, the Company’s size and industry and other Company-specific risks. Other significant assumptions used in the income approach include the terminal value, growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements. The market approaches use key multiples from guideline businesses that are comparable and are traded on a public market. If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, then the second step must be completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. Step two calculates the implied fair value of goodwill by deducting the fair value of all tangible and intangible net assets of the reporting unit from the fair value of the reporting unit as calculated in step one. In this step, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities in a hypothetical purchase price allocation as if the reporting unit had been acquired on that date. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates, strategic plans and future market conditions, among others. There can be no assurance that the Company’s estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the goodwill impairment testing will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. Changes in assumptions and estimates could cause the Company to perform impairment test prior to scheduled annual impairment tests.

The Company performed its annual fair value assessment on December 31, 2017 and 2016 on its subsidiaries with material goodwill and intangible asset amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances have indicated that an asset may not be recoverable. The long-lived asset is grouped with other assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value.

The Company evaluated the recoverability of its long-lived assets on September 30, 2018 and at December 31, 2017, respectively on its subsidiaries with material amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740,  “Accounting for Income Taxes” . Under FASB ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under FASB ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. FASB ASC 740-10-05,  “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”  prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.

The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company assesses the validity of its conclusions regarding uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis to determine if facts or circumstances have arisen that might cause it to change its judgment regarding the likelihood of a tax position’s sustainability under audit.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional and reporting currency of TD Holdings and TDAHK is the Hong Kong Dollar. The functional and reporting currency of Top Draw is the Philippine Peso. Management has adopted ASC 830 “Foreign Currency Matters” for transactions that occur in foreign currencies. Monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Average monthly rates are used to translate revenues and expenses.

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Exchange gains or losses arising from foreign currency transactions are included in the determination of net income for the respective periods.

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s operations are translated into the reporting currency, United States dollars, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting periods. Equity transactions are recorded at the historical rate when the transaction occurred. The resulting translation adjustment is reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity in the statement of stockholders' equity.

Differences may arise in the amount of bad debt expense, depreciation expense and amortization expense reported in the Company's operating results as compared to the corresponding change in the allowance for doubtful accounts, accumulated depreciation and accumulated amortization, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. These translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of the Company's stockholders' equity.

Comprehensive Gain or Loss

ASC 220 “Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company determined that it had items that represented components of comprehensive income and, therefore, has included a statement of comprehensive income in the financial statements.

Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs related to the acquisition of goods from vendors are included in the cost of sales.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260,  “Earnings per Share” . ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the if-converted method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, we meet the definition of an “emerging growth company.” We have irrevocably elected to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act. As a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies.

FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) - ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right FASB ASU No. 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entities Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years (i.e., January 1, 2019, for a calendar year entity). Early application is permitted for all public business entities and all nonpublic business entities upon issuance. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company evaluated its outstanding accounts receivables and determined that no allowance for bad debts was necessary. No bad debt expense was recorded during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017.

During the nine-month ended September 30, 2018, the Company had four customers that accounted for 74.4% of revenues and four customers that accounted for 84.0% of accounts receivable.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company had four customers that accounted for approximately 71.6% of consolidated revenues and three customers that accounted for 77.3% of accounts receivable.

Prepaid expenses and other assets represent prepayments made in the normal course and in which the economic benefit is expected to be realized within twelve months.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s property and equipment at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $279,692 and $277,047, respectively.

Acquisition of TD Holdings Limited

On February 6, 2016, Grom Holdings entered into a letter of intent to acquire all of the stock of TD Holdings. Grom Holdings issued 417,000 shares of its common stock valued at $0.58 per share, or $240,000, in return for a period of exclusivity through May 31, 2016.

On June 20, 2016, Grom Holdings executed a share sale agreement with TD Holdings. Under the terms of the agreement, Grom Holdings paid $12.0 million in consideration including $3.5 million in cash, the issuance of $4.0 million of its common stock and the issuance of $4.5 million in 5% senior, secured promissory notes in exchange to the selling shareholders of TDA (“TDA Sellers”) for all of the equity of TD Holdings. The 7,367,001 shares of the Company’s common stock issued were subject to a twelve-month restrictive period from the date of the transaction closing. The transaction closed effective July 1, 2016.

The TDA Sellers were also entitled to receive $329,644 in post-closing cash payments for the excess working capital, as defined by the agreement, on TD Holdings’ closing balance sheet. These amounts were subject to certain adjustments and payable on demand after the transaction closing date. As of December 31, 2016, the excess working capital obligation was fully satisfied.

Additionally, the former stockholders will have the opportunity for contingent, earn-out payments of up to $5.0 million if certain revenue and EBITDA thresholds are achieved over the three-year post-closing period. The earn-out payments, if made, shall be payable 25% in cash and 75% in common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively no earn-out thresholds were achieved. -see Note 12, Debt, “Amendment of TDA Sellers Note”.

In estimating the fair value of the common stock issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the recent volume and pricing of capital raise activities. The Company valued the common stock shares at $0.58 per share, which represents a 26% discount to the most recent issue price prior to the measurement date. The Company believes the discount represents a market participant perspective due to the large block and minimum nine-month holding period.

In determining the fair value of the promissory notes issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the market yields on debt securities depending on the time horizon and level of perceived risk of the specific investment. The Company arrived at an estimated market rate of 9.4% and calculated the present value of the $4.0 million promissory note and its related interest to be $3,690,951. As a result, the Company recorded a discount against the promissory notes of $309,049. The discount is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the notes. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $202,667 in interest expense related to the note discount.

On January 3, 2018, we entered into an amendment to the acquisition agreement with the TDA Sellers -see Note 12 Debt, “Senior Secured Promissory Notes”. As part of the terms of the agreement, we issued an additional 800,000 restricted shares valued at $480,000 of our common stock to the TDA Sellers, which was recorded as an additional note discount. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2018 the Company recorded $80,000 in interest expense related to the note discount. The remaining discount balance on September 30, 2018 was $400,000.

The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using a lattice model. The forecast future up and down movements were estimated based on historical EBITDA volatility of 22.2% which includes the years 2013-2015 and the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2016. The weighted average probability of each scenario was calculated and discounted to present value at the weighted average cost of capital to arrive at $3,987,602.

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the acquisition is attributable to the value of the potential expanded market opportunity with new customers. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In determining the purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, how a market participant would likely use the acquired assets. The estimated fair value of intangible assets was based on the income approach. The income approach requires a projection of the cash flow that the asset is expected to generate in the future. The projected cash flow is discounted to its present value using a rate of return, or discount rate, which accounts for the time value of money and the degree of risk inherent in the asset. The expected future cash flow that is projected should include all of the economic benefits attributable to the asset, including the tax savings associated with the amortization of the intangible asset value over the tax life of the asset. The income approach may take the form of a “relief-from-royalty” methodology, a cost savings methodology, a “with and without” methodology, or excess earnings methodology, depending on the specific asset under consideration.

The “relief-from-royalty” method was used to value the trade names acquired from TD Holdings. The “relief-from-royalty” method estimates the cost savings that accrue to the owner of an intangible asset that would otherwise be required to pay royalties or license fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset. The royalty rate used is based on an analysis of empirical, market-derived royalty rates for guideline intangible assets. Typically, revenue is projected over the expected remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The key assumptions in the prospective cash flows include an 11% compound annual sales growth rate over the five years period subsequent to the acquisition. The royalty rate is then applied to estimate the royalty savings. The key assumptions used in valuing the existing trade names acquired were as follows: royalty rate of 7.0%, discount rate of 13.8%, and a tax rate of 40.0%. The trade names are expected to be used indefinitely and the value includes a terminal value, based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 2.0%, of the after-tax royalty savings determined using a form of the Gordon Growth model.

The fair value of customer relationships was valued using an income method. Net Operating Profit After Tax (“NOPAT”) per customer is a function of the gross profit margin of the Company, applicable contributory assets (i.e., working capital, fixed capital, workforce, brand, IPR&D) charges, and the discount rate reflecting the riskiness of the asset undervaluation. NOPAT per customer was used to estimate the value of the customer relationships. The key assumptions used include a revenue attrition rate of 35%, an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 13.8%

The “with and without” method was used to value the non-compete agreement which will be amortized over three years. The key assumptions used include an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 13.8%.

Acquisition of NetSpective Webfiltering

On January 1, 2017, Grom Holdings acquired the assets of NetSpective, a division of TeleMate.net Software (the “TeleMate”). Under the terms of the agreement, Grom Holdings paid $1.0 million in consideration in the form of a $1.0 million redeemable, convertible promissory note. The note bears interest at 0.68% per annum. All note principal and accrued interest is payable January 1, 2020. The note is convertible at the election of the sellers (the “Telemate Sellers”) into the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of $0.78 per share. Furthermore, if not previously converted by the Telemate Sellers, the note may be converted by the Company into shares of the Company’s common stock at a rate of $0.48 per share commencing on November 1, 2019.

The Telemate Sellers had the opportunity for contingent, earn-out payments of up to $362,500 if certain net cash flow thresholds are achieved during the one-year post-closing period. The earn-out payments, if made, shall be payable entirely in common stock.

Additionally, since the valuation report reflected that the earnout threshold would not be reached, and the earnout was achieved, the Company recorded an additional expense of $362,500 related to the acquisition of Netspective.

In determining the fair value of the convertible promissory note issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the market yields on debt securities for similar time horizons and level of perceived risk of the investment. Based on the conversion factors and interest rate contained in the note, the Company believes the note represents fair value.

We used a lattice model to estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration. We forecast future up and down movements based on the 9.7% historical volatility of “Net Cash Flow” which includes the years 2014-2016. The weighted average probability of each scenario was calculated and since it did not reach the earnout threshold, we did not record any contingent consideration provision.

The fair value of the internally developed software was estimated using a replacement cost approach similar to the Constructive Cost Model (“COCOMO”) II.  The model is an algorithmic software cost estimation tool that estimates the cost, effort, and schedule of a hypothetical software project. We estimated costs based on total lines of code in the program and labor cost rates for the required personnel, in addition to a profit component.  Although this is a replacement cost model, we believe it represents fair value from a market participant perspective. The key assumptions used include average labor rates, total estimated labor hours, and an income tax rate of 40%.

In determining the purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, how a market participant would likely use the acquired assets. The estimated fair value of intangible assets was based on the income approach for customer relationships and tradename and a replacement cost method for the software programs. The income approach requires a projection of the cash flow that the asset is expected to generate in the future. The projected cash flow is discounted to its present value using a rate of return, or discount rate, which accounts for the time value of money and the degree of risk inherent in the asset. The expected future cash flow that is projected should include all of the economic benefits attributable to the asset, including the tax savings associated with the amortization of the intangible asset value over the tax life of the asset. The income approach may take the form of a “relief-from-royalty” methodology, a cost savings methodology, a “with and without” methodology, or excess earnings methodology, depending on the specific asset under consideration. The replacement cost model uses estimated current costs at the Measurement Date, plus a profit component.

The “relief-from-royalty” method was used to value the trade names acquired from TeleMate. The “relief-from-royalty” method estimates the cost savings that accrue to the owner of an intangible asset that would otherwise be required to pay royalties or license fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset. The royalty rate used is based on an analysis of empirical, market-derived royalty rates for guideline intangible assets. Typically, revenue is projected over the expected remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The key assumptions in the prospective cash flows include a 15% compound annual sales growth rate over the five years period subsequent to the acquisition. The royalty rate is then applied to estimate the royalty savings. The key assumptions used in valuing the existing trade names acquired were as follows: royalty rate of 1.0%, discount rate of 17.1%, and a tax rate of 40.0%. The trade names are expected to be used indefinitely and the value includes a terminal value, based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 2.0%, of the after-tax royalty savings determined using a form of the Gordon Growth model.

The fair value of customer relationships was valued using an income method. Net Operating Profit After Tax (“NOPAT”) per customer is a function of the gross profit margin of the Company, applicable contributory assets (i.e., working capital, fixed capital, workforce, brand, IPR&D) charges, and the discount rate reflecting the riskiness of the asset undervaluation. NOPAT per customer was used to estimate the value of the customer relationships. The key assumptions used include a revenue attrition rate of 10%, an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 17.1%.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

The Company recorded amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization of $331,958 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018, and $1,092,592 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The following table provides information regarding estimated remaining amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the following years ending December 31:

Other assets are comprised solely of guarantee deposits at TDA which are refundable upon termination of contract or delivery of subject matter of the contract. These are initially recorded at cost which is the fair value at the time of the transaction and is subsequently measured at amortized cost.

Accounts payables are recognized initially at the transaction price and subsequently measured at the undiscounted amount of cash or other consideration expected to be paid. Accrued expenses are recognized based on the expected amount required to settle the obligation or liability.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s accrued liabilities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Messrs. Darren Marks and Melvin Leiner, both officers of the Company have made numerous loans to Grom to help fund operations. Additionally, Mr. Thomas Rutherford, a director of the Company has made short term loans to the Company. These loans are non-interest bearing and callable on demand. Neither Mr. Marks nor Mr. Leiner has any intention of calling these loans at present. The loan balances are classified as short-term obligations under “related party payables” on the Company’s balance sheet. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, Wayne Dearing, the managing director of TDH and his wife Stella Dearing made loans to the Company amounting to $226,633 as of September 30, 2018. These loans were made to assist TDH’s liquidity and helping to fund the capital expenditures to build out new office space at its facilities in Manila. These short-term demand loans are non-interest bearing. Mr. Rutherford was due $50,000 as of September 30, 2018.

On December 29, 2017, Messrs. Marks and Leiner agreed to convert an aggregate of $500,000 of their combined loan balances into shares of our Common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.50 per share, which was above the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $0.30 on December 29, 2017. Mr. Marks converted $333,333 of his loan into 666,666 shares and Mr. Leiner converted $166,667 into 333,334 shares.

On September 20, 2018, Messrs. Marks and Leiner agreed to convert an additional aggregate of $500,000 of their combined loan balances into shares of our common Stock, at a conversion price of $0.31 per share, which was above the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $.25 on September 18, 2018. Mr. Marks converted $333,333 of his loan into 1,075,268 shares; and Mr. Leiner converted $166,666 into 537,634 shares. Due to these transactions, Mr. Marks and Mr. Leiner now beneficially own 16,070,649 and 9,850,000 shares of our Common Stock, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the loan balances were $855,638 and $1,215,442, respectively for Mr. Marks; and $701,759 and $861,198, respectively, for Mr. Leiner.

Mr. Marks’ son Zach and his wife Sarah are employees of Grom. Their annual salaries are $90,000 and $35,000, respectively. His sons Luke and Jack, and daughter Caroline are also employed by Grom as independent contractors. Their annual fees are $18,000, $7,200 and $15,000, respectively. The Company believes that the services provided by members of the Marks family are integral to the success of the Company and are valued significantly below market for the comparable level of services provided.

During various times during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s two officers and Zach Marks each voluntarily agreed to defer a portion of their salaries. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017 the group was collectively owed $635,643 and $617,213 respectively, in accrued salaries. See Note 9 – Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities.

Other noncurrent liabilities are comprised solely of retirement benefit costs. The Philippine Republic Act (RA) No. 7641, mandates all private employers to provide retirement benefits to employees who upon reaching the age of sixty years or more, but not beyond sixty-five years, have served at least five years in the said establishment. The amount of retirement benefit was defined as “at least one-half month salary for every year of service, a fraction of at least six months being considered as one whole year”.

The balance of the accrued retirement benefit cost as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 amounted to $221,210 and $237,495 respectively.

Redeemable unsecured convertible note -TeleMate

On January 1, 2017, the Company issued a three-year 0.68% redeemable convertible note for $1,000,000 to TeleMate in connection with the acquisition of the NetSpective webfiltering assets from them. All note principal and accrued interest is payable January 1, 2020. The note is convertible at the election of the noteholders into the Company’s’ common stock at fixed conversion conversions rate of $0.50 and $0.78 per share; respectively. Furthermore, if not previously converted by the noteholders, the note may be converted by the Company into shares of the Company’s common stock at a rate of $0.48 per share commencing on November 1, 2019.

Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement in which TeleMate had the obligation to collect certain monies on behalf of the Company, TeleMate failed to remit $146,882 it had collected on the Company’s behalf from NetSpective customers. As a result of TeleMate’s non-payment, and to avoid litigation, on January 12, 2018, we entered into a First Modification to the Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Modification”).

Under the terms of the Modification, the TeleMate Sellers agreed to the following terms:

Finally, assuming all payments are made and the TeleMate Sellers decide to exercise the conversion feature of their promissory note, they are now bound by a leakout agreement which will limit for a one-year period the number of shares they can register for sale on a monthly basis.

As of September 30, 2018, TeleMate had made all of its required payments and owed the Company $66,283.

Secured Convertible Notes - 2018

During the three-month period ended September 30, 2018, the Company privately placed a series of secured, convertible, original issue discount (OID) notes with accredited investors for gross proceeds of $244,800. The Notes were issued with an OID discounts of 20.0%, or $61,000. The debentures carried an interest rate of 10% per annum, payable semiannually in cash, for a two-year term with fixed conversion at a price of $0.50 per share.

In connection with the issuance of these convertible debentures, the Company issued to its noteholders an aggregate of 209,722 shares of common stock as an inducement to lend. These shares were valued at $65,919 or approximately $0.31 per share. The Company recorded the value of these shares as a loan discount to be amortized as interest expense over the term of the related convertible debentures.

During the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, the Company privately placed a series of secured, convertible, original issue discount (OID) notes with accredited investors for gross proceeds of $1,186,135. The Notes were issued with an OID discounts of 10.0%, or $127,348. The debentures carried an interest rate of 10% per annum, payable semiannually in cash, for a two-year term with fixed conversion at a price of $0.78 per share.

In connection with the issuance of these convertible debentures, the Company issued to its noteholders an aggregate of 328,371 shares of common stock as an inducement to lend. These shares were valued at $198,260 or approximately $0.60 per share. The Company recorded the value of these shares as a loan discount to be amortized as interest expense over the term of the related convertible debentures.

The total amortization of note discount charged to interest expense the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 was $65,463 and $144,734 respectively

Secured Convertible Notes - 2017

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company privately placed a series of secured, convertible, original issue discount (OID) notes with accredited investors for gross proceeds of $601,223. The Notes were issued with OID discounts of 10.0%, or $60,122. The debentures carried an interest rate of 10% per annum, payable semiannually in cash, for a two-year term with fixed conversion at a price per share if converted within the first year of issuance or fixed conversion price at $0.78 converted during the two-year following issuance.

In connection with the issuance of these convertible debentures, the Company issued to its noteholders an aggregate of 150,305 shares of common stock as an inducement to lend. These shares were valued at $78,321 with share prices ranging between $0.38 and $0.54 per share. The Company recorded the value of these shares as a loan discount to be amortized as interest expense over the term of the related convertible debentures. The related amortization expense was $4,543 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Additionally, at the end of 2017, there were two convertible notes outstanding amounting to $75,000 that had been issued in 2016 with a fixed conversion price of $1.19.

Secured Convertible Notes - 2016 activity

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company privately placed a series of secured, convertible debentures with accredited investors for gross proceeds of $2,705,600. The debentures carried an interest rate of 9% per annum, payable semiannually in cash, for a two-year term with fixed conversion prices ranging from $0.72 to $0.96 per share if converted within the first year of issuance or fixed conversion prices ranging from $1.20 to $1.44 if converted during the year following issuance.

In connection with the issuance of these convertible debentures, the Company issued to its noteholders an aggregate of 884,244 shares of common stock as an inducement to lend. These shares were valued at $667,332, with share prices ranging between $0.72 and $0.96 per share. The Company recorded the value of these shares as a loan discount to be amortized as interest expense over the term of the related convertible debentures.

All of the convertible debentures were analyzed at the time of their issuance for a beneficial conversion feature. In some instances, the Company concluded that a beneficial conversion feature existed. The beneficial conversion features were measured using the commitment-date stock price and were determined to aggregate $67,917. This amount is recorded as a debt discount and is amortized as interest expense over the term of the related convertible debentures.

The Company has analyzed the convertible debentures for derivative accounting consideration and determined that derivative accounting does not apply.

Amendment of TDA Sellers Note

On January 3, 2018, we entered into an amendment to the acquisition agreement with the TDA Sellers (the “Amendment”):

Also, as additional consideration, we issued an additional 800,000 restricted shares valued at $480,000 of our common stock to the TDA Sellers. The amortization of this $480,000 in interest expense of $240,000 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018.

As a result of the amendment, the Company has classified the promissory note as a long-term obligation on our balance sheet for the period ended December 31, 2017.

On June 20, 2016, the Company issued a secured promissory note to the shareholders of TD Holdings in connection with the share sale agreement. The note totaled $4.0 million, bears interest at 5.0% per annum and is due on the earlier of (i) June 20, 2018 or (ii) the date on which the Company successfully completes a qualified initial public offering as defined in the agreement. The note is collateralized by all of the assets of TD Holdings. See amendment to the TDH Seller’s Note (above).

Maturities of the Company’s borrowings for each of the next five years are as follows:

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock at a par value of $0.001. No shares of Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding as of either September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Common stock

The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock at a par value of $0.001 and had 129,656,317 and 124,273,548 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Common Stock Issued in Private Placements

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2018 the Company issued 304,870 shares of stock in private placements for proceeds of $76,218 with a share price of approximately $0.25 per share; compared to no issuance during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2017.

Common Stock Issued in Connection with the Exercise of Warrants

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company issued 256,455 shares of common stock for proceeds of $61,500 under a series of stock warrant exercises with a share price of approximately $0.24 per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 6,530,220 shares of common stock for proceeds of $1,566,000 under a series of stock warrant exercises with a share price of approximately $0.24 per share.

Common Stock Issued in Exchange for Consulting, Professional and Other Services

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company issued 595,321 shares of common stock with a fair market value of 292,443, or approximately $0.49 to employees, officers and directors in lieu of cash payment. Additionally, the Company issued 834,500 shares of common stock with a fair value of $402,250 to consultants and other professionals in lieu of cash payments.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 1,156,931 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $835,225 to employees, officers and directors in lieu of cash payment. Additionally, the Company issued 3,264,965 shares of common stock with a fair value of $1,892,735 to consultants and other professionals in lieu of cash payments.

Each share issuance made in exchange for services was valued based upon the trading price of the Company’s common stock on the OTC markets.

Common Stock Issued In lieu of Cash for Loans Payable and Other Accrued Obligations

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company issued 1,898,530 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $671,376, or approximately $0.49 per share, to satisfy loans payable and other accrued obligations.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 1,045,870 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $533,000 to satisfy loans payable and other accrued obligations.

Common Stock Issued in Connection with the Issuance of Convertible Debentures

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company issued 538,093 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $264,179, or approximately $0.49 to investors as an inducement to lend in connection with the issuance of its unsecured, convertible notes. The fair value of the shares was recorded as interest expense in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 12 – Debt.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company issued 150,305 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $78,322 to investors as an inducement to lend in connection with the issuance of its unsecured, convertible notes. The fair value of the shares was recorded as interest expense in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 12 – Debt.

Common Stock Issued in the Acquisition of a Business

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company issued 150,000 shares valued at $52,000 with the acquisition of Bonnie Boat.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 300,000 shares valued at $147,000 with the acquisition of Fyoosion marketing technology.

Common Stock Issued in the Acquisition of Intangible Assets

During the year ended December 31, 2017 the company issued 83,400 shares in connection with the acquisition of certain intangible assets valued at $60,000.

Common Stock issued in Connection with the Amendment of the Terms of a Promissory note

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we issued 800,000 shares valued at $480,000 in connection with the amendment we negotiated to the $4.0 million-dollar TDA Sellers Note -see Note 11. Additionally, we issued 5,000 shares valued at $2,250 to amend the terms of a promissory note.

Stock Purchase Warrants

The stock purchase warrants have been accounted for as equity in accordance with FASB ASC 480, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments indexed to, and potentially settled in, a company’s own stock, distinguishing liabilities from equity.

The following table reflects all outstanding and exercisable warrants on September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. All stock warrants are exercisable for a period between three and five years from the date of issuance.

On May 1, 2018 the Company granted 60,000 stock options to a new employee at a strike price of $0.78, vesting over a five-year period. Using the Black-Sholes model with a volatility of 520.58%, with no dividends paid since inception and a risk-free interest rate of 2.86%; resulted in stock-based compensation expense of $27,600 which will be amortized over a 60-month period, or $460 per month. 

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $920 and $1,823,408 in stock-based compensation expense, respectively related to these stock options.

In the United States, we lease approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in Boca Raton, Florida at the rate of $2,000 per month pursuant to a three-year lease expiring in October 2018. Our Florida office houses our corporate headquarters and administrative staff.

Our animation business leases portions of 3 floors comprising in the aggregate approximately 28,800 square feet in the West Tower of the Philippine Stock Exchange Centre in Pasig City, Manila. The space is used for administration and production purposes and we pay approximately $22,533 per month in the aggregate for such space (which increases by approximately 5% per year. These leases expire in December 2022.

We opened a new 1,400 square foot office in Norcross, Georgia on January 1, 2018 to house our NetSpective division.  The monthly rent pursuant to a five-year lease which expires in December 2023, is $2,055 per month which increases by approximately 3% annually.

Subsequent to September 30, 2018 the Company has issued $50,000 in two-year convertible 20% OID notes at 10% interest to one accredited investor. Additionally, the Company has received $300,000 in proceeds from private placements of its common stock from two accredited investors at a price of $0.15 per share, or 600,000 shares.

On October 15, 2018, the Company had outstanding loan balances of approximately $861,000 and $674,000, due respectively to Messrs. Marks and Leiner. They agreed to convert an aggregate of $500,000 of their combined loan balances into shares of the Company’s common stock, at a conversion price of $0.31 per share, which was above the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $0.19 on October 12, 2018.  Mr. Marks converted $333,333 of his loan into 1,075,268 shares; and Mr. Leiner converted $166,666 into 537,634 shares. As a result of the transaction, Mr. Marks and Mr. Leiner’s loan balances were reduced to approximately $528,000 and $507,000, respectively.

The Company relied upon an exemption from the registration requirements under Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933 and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder with respect to the foregoing issuance.