Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Delaware General Corporation Law
Section 145(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the Delaware General Corporation Law) provides that a
corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or
in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action,
suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to
believe the persons conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the
person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the
persons conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law states that a corporation may indemnify
any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses
(including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent
that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and
reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Section 145(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that to the extent that a present or former director or officer of a
corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be
indemnified against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
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Section 145(d) of the Delaware General Corporation Law states that any indemnification under
subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director, officer, employee
or agent is proper in the circumstances because the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145. Such determination shall be made with respect to a person who is a director or
officer of the corporation at the time of such determination (1) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, (2) by a committee of such directors designated by
majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, (3) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.
Section 145(e) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by an officer or
director of the corporation in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized by Section 145. Such expenses (including
attorneys fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents of the corporation or by persons serving at the request of the corporation as directors, officers, employees or agents of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the corporation deems appropriate.
Section 145(f) of the Delaware General Corporation Law states that the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or
granted pursuant to, the other subsections of Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such persons official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the
certificate of incorporation or a bylaw shall not be eliminated or impaired by an amendment to the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or
omission has occurred.
Section 145(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation shall have the power to
purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such persons status as such, whether or not the corporation would have
the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of Section 145.
Section 145(j) of the Delaware
General Corporation Law states that the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, Section 145 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a
director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
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Bylaws
The Registrants Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that the Registrant shall indemnify any person who was or is party or is threatened
to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was or has agreed to become a director or officer of the
Registrant, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request to the Registrant as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or
omitted in such capacity, and may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to such an action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was or has agreed to become an employee or agent of the
Registrant, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Registrant, as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he
or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Registrant, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful, except that in the case of an
action or suit by or in the right of the Registrant to procure a judgment in its favor (1) such indemnification shall be limited to expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in the defense or
settlement of such action or suit, and (2) no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Registrant unless and only to the extent that the Delaware
Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to
indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Registrant has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any
action, suit or proceeding referred to above or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection
therewith.
Any indemnification of a director or officer of the Registrant under the Amended and Restated Bylaws (unless ordered by a
court) shall be made by the Registrant unless a determination is made that indemnification of the director or officer is not proper in the circumstances because he or she has not met the applicable standard of conduct. Any indemnification of an
employee or agent of the Registrant under the Amended and Restated Bylaws (unless ordered by a court) may be made by the Registrant upon a determination that indemnification of the employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she
has met the applicable standard of conduct. Any such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such actions, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such
a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.
Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines in a specific case, expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending a civil or
criminal action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Registrant in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall
ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Registrant as authorized by the Amended and Restated Bylaws. Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any,
as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. The Board of Directors may authorize the Registrants legal counsel to represent such director, officer, employee or agent in any action, suit or proceeding, whether or not the Registrant is a party
to such action, suit or proceeding.
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Certificate of Incorporation
Article Seven of the Registrants Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Registrants directors will not be
personally liable to the Registrant or its stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors except (a) for any breach of the duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its stockholders, (b) for acts
or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (c) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which makes directors liable for unlawful dividends or unlawful stock
repurchases or redemptions, or (d) for transactions from which directors derive improper personal benefit. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to permit further elimination or limitation of the personal liability of directors,
then the liability of a director of the Registrant shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law as so amended. Any repeal or modification of Article Seven shall not adversely affect any right
or protection of a director of the Registrant existing at the time of such repeal or modification.
Article Eight of the Registrants
Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same may be amended from time to time, the Registrant shall indemnify any and all of its directors or any person who
may have served at the Registrants request as a director and the indemnification provided for therein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of
stockholders, vote of disinterested directors or otherwise, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such persons and the Registrant may but is not
required to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any director to the extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Indemnification Agreements
The Registrant has also entered into indemnification agreements (each, an Indemnification Agreement) with its directors and
officers (each, an Indemnitee), as further described below.
Indemnification.
Subject to the determination of
Indemnitees right to indemnification in certain instances and subject to specified exclusions from indemnification, the Registrant agrees to indemnify Indemnitee, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware in effect
on the date of the Indemnification Agreement, or as such laws may from time to time be amended to increase the scope of such permitted indemnification, against any and all losses if Indemnitee was or is or becomes a party to or participant in, or is
threatened to be made a party to or participant in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, investigative or other, and whether
made pursuant to federal, state or other law, or any inquiry, hearing or investigation that Indemnitee determines might lead to the institution of any such action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism (collectively, a
Claim) by reason of or arising in part out of any event or occurrence, whether occurring before, on or after the date of the Indemnification Agreement, related to the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent
of the Registrant or any subsidiary of the Registrant, or is or was serving at the request of the Registrant as a director, officer, employee, member, manager, trustee or agent of any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other entity or enterprise or by reason of an action or inaction by Indemnitee in any such capacity (whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any loss is incurred for which indemnification can be provided under the
Indemnification Agreement) (collectively, an Indemnifiable Event), including, without limitation, Claims brought by or in the right of the Registrant, Claims brought by third parties, and Claims in which Indemnitee is solely a witness.
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Advancement of Expenses.
Under the Indemnification Agreement, Indemnitee has the right to
advancement by the Registrant, prior to the final disposition of any Claim by final adjudication to which there are no further rights of appeal, of any and all expenses actually and reasonably paid or incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any
Claim arising out of an Indemnifiable Event. Indemnitees right to such advancement is not subject to the satisfaction of any standard of conduct. Indemnitee agrees to repay any amounts paid, advanced or reimbursed by the Registrant in respect
of expenses relating to, arising out of or resulting from any Claim in respect of which it shall be determined, following the final disposition of such Claim, that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under the Indemnification Agreement.
Indemnitees obligation to reimburse the Registrant for expense advances is unsecured, and no interest will be charged thereon.
Right to Indemnification.
If Indemnitee is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Claim, or Indemnitees
involvement relates to preparation and service as a witness and not as a party, Indemnitee is entitled to be indemnified against all losses incurred in connection therewith to the fullest extent allowable by law, and the Registrant need not
determine if Indemnitee satisfied any applicable standard of conduct under Delaware law. If Indemnitee must satisfy a standard of conduct to be entitled to indemnification under Delaware law, the Indemnification Agreement provides procedures,
presumptions and defenses relating to such determination.
Non-Exclusivity.
The rights of Indemnitee under the Indemnification
Agreement are in addition to any other rights Indemnitee may have under the Registrants restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, the Delaware General Corporation Law, any other contract or otherwise (collectively,
Other Indemnity Provisions); provided, however, that (a) to the extent that Indemnitee otherwise would have any greater right to indemnification under any Other Indemnity Provision, Indemnitee will be deemed to have such greater
right under the Indemnification Agreement and (b) to the extent that any change is made to any Other Indemnity Provision which permits any greater right to indemnification than that provided under the Indemnification Agreement, Indemnitee will
be deemed to have such greater right thereunder.
Insurance
The Registrant also maintains a directors and officers liability insurance policy.
Item 9. Undertakings.
1.
Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K
. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
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(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective
date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration
statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however
, that paragraphs
(i) and (ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(2) That, for the
purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a
post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
2.
Item 512(b) of Regulation S-K
. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrants annual report pursuant to
Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
3.
Item 512(h) of
Regulation S-K
. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant
has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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