Quarterly Report (10-q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2017

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________________TO _______________________

Commission File number 000-25001

Federated National Holding Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


	Florida		65-0248866
	(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(IRS Employer Identification Number)

	14050 N.W. 14 th Street, Suite 180, Sunrise, FL		33323
	(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

800-293-2532

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has electronically submitted and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company , or an emerging growth company . See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer , ” “smaller reporting company , ” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non ‑ accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of May 8 , 201 7 , the registrant had 13,838,737 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY

TA BLE OF CONTENTS


PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PAGE

ITEM 1	Financial Statements	3

ITEM 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

ITEM 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33

ITEM 4	Controls and Procedures	33

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1	Legal Proceedings	34

ITEM 1A	Risk Factors	34

ITEM 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35

ITEM 3	Defaults upon Senior Securities	35

ITEM 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	35

ITEM 5	Other Information	35

ITEM 6	Exhibits	36

SIGNATURES		37

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PART I: FIN ANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 . Financial Statements

FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)



	March 31,		December 31,
	2017		2016
ASSETS
Investments:
Debt securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $375,189 and
$376,644 , respectively)	$	375,970	$	374,756
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost		5,488		5,551
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (cost of $37,750 and $24,163 , respectively)		44,003		29,375
Total investments (including $29,269 and $28,704 related to the VIE, respectively)		425,461		409,682

Cash and cash equivalents (including $14,199 and $15,668 related to the VIE, respectively)		80,495		74,593
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		112,457		156,932
Premiums receivable, net of allowance of $70 and $55 , respectively
(including $864 and $1,584 related to the VIE, respectively)		59,116		54,854
Reinsurance recoverable, net		50,453		48,530
Deferred acquisition costs		39,306		38,962
Income taxes receivable		5,748		13,871
Property and equipment, net		4,243		4,194
Other assets (including $1,507 and $1,910 related to the VIE, respectively)		10,885		11,509
TOTAL ASSETS	$	788,164	$	813,127

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	154,337	$	158,110
Unearned premiums		292,095		294,022
Reinsurance payable		54,431		79,154
Debt from consolidated variable interest entity		4,914		4,909
Deferred income taxes, net		3,462		1,433
Other liabilities		37,890		37,643
Total liabilities		547,129		575,271
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized;
13,441,130 and 13,473,120 shares issued and outstanding , respectively		134		134
Additional paid-in capital		137,446		136,779
Accumulated other comprehensive income		4,226		1,941
Retained earnings		80,495		80,275
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Federated National Holding Company shareholders		222,301		219,129
Noncontrolling interest		18,734		18,727
Total shareholders’ equity		241,035		237,856
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	788,164	$	813,127

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
Revenue:
Net premiums earned	$	78,493	$	54,997
Net investment income		2,318		2,040
Net realized investment (losses) gains		(105)		927
Direct written policy fees		5,085		4,202
Other income		7,132		6,794
Total revenue		92,923		68,960

Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		50,831		29,545
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		32,279		19,852
General and administrative expenses		4,619		4,081
Interest expense		84		84
Total costs and expenses		87,813		53,562

Income before income taxes		5,110		15,398
Income taxes		1,938		5,795
Net income		3,172		9,603
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		27		68
Net income attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders	$	3,145	$	9,535

Net income per share attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders:
Basic	$	0.23	$	0.69
Diluted	$	0.23	$	0.68

Weighted average number of shares of common stock
outstanding:
Basic		13,432		13,826
Diluted		13,559		14,044

Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.08	$	0.05

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016

Net income	$	3,172	$	9,603
Change in net unrealized gains on investments,
available-for-sale		3,710		4,084
Comprehensive income before income taxes		6,882		13,687

Income tax expense related to items of other
comprehensive income		(1,445)		(1,544)
Comprehensive income		5,437		12,143

Less: comprehensive income attributable to
noncontrolling interest		7		226
Comprehensive income attributable to Federated National
Holding Company shareholders	$	5,430	$	11,917

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)



												Total Shareholders'
								Accumulated				Equity Attributable to
			Common Stock			Additional		Other				Federated National				Total
	Preferred		Issued			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Retained		Holding Company		Noncontrolling		Shareholders'
	Stock		Shares	Amount		Capital		Income		Earnings		Shareholders		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	—	13,473,120	$	134	$	136,779	$	1,941	$	80,275	$	219,129	$	18,727	$	237,856
Net income		—	—		—		—		—		3,145		3,145		27		3,172
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—	—		—		—		2,285		—		2,285		(20)		2,265
Dividends declared		—	—		—		—		—		(1,050)		(1,050)		—		(1,050)
Shares issued under share-
based compensation plans		—	71,495		—		1		—		—		1		—		1
Repurchases of common stock		—	(103,485)		—		(1)		—		(1,875)		(1,876)		—		(1,876)
Share-based compensation		—	—		—		667		—		—		667		—		667
Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	—	13,441,130	$	134	$	137,446	$	4,226	$	80,495	$	222,301	$	18,734	$	241,035

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	3,172	$	9,603
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net realized investment losses (gains)		105		(927)
Amortization of investment premium or discount, net		1,209		1,313
Depreciation and amortization		270		187
Share-based compensation		667		926
Tax impact related to share-based compensation		(50)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		44,475		26,224
Premiums receivable, net		(4,262)		(9,638)
Reinsurance recoverable, net		(1,923)		(5,210)
Deferred acquisition costs		(344)		(217)
Income taxes receivable, net		8,123		1,274
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves		(3,773)		4,275
Unearned premiums		(1,927)		7,925
Reinsurance payable		(24,723)		(18,570)
Deferred income taxes, net of other comprehensive income		1,862		1,729
Other, net		864		1,809
Net cash provided by operating activities		23,745		20,703
Cash flow from investing activities:
Sales, maturities and redemptions of investment securities		142,132		72,669
Purchases of investment securities		(156,736)		(70,933)
Purchases of property and equipment		(314)		(523)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(14,918)		1,213
Cash flow from financing activities:
Tax impact related to share-based compensation		-		246
Purchases of FNHC common stock		(1,876)		(1,077)
Issuance of common stock for share-based awards		1		4
Dividends paid		(1,050)		(1,565)
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,925)		(2,392)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		5,902		19,524
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		74,593		53,038
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	80,495	$	72,562

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Continued)



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash (received) paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	(6,675)	$	2,300
Non-cash investing and finance activities:
Accrued dividends payable	$	1,052	$	854

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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1. ORGANIZATION, CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization

Federated National Holding Company, (“FNHC,” the “Company,” “we,” or “us”), is an insurance holding company that controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents. We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’ multi-peril (“homeowners’”), personal automobile, commercial general liability, federal flood, and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products and our other services through a network of independent agents.

Our wholly owned insurance subsidiary is Federated National Insurance Company (“FNIC”), which is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and South Carolina. We also serve as managing general agent for Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture, described below, and is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida. An admitted carrier is an insurance company that has received a license from the state department of insurance giving the Company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due to their policyholders.

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the “Florida OIR”). The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings Inc., a publicly traded Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”); and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”).

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch Delaware). TransRe invested $5.0 million for a 15.2% non-voting interest in Monarch Delaware and advanced an additional $5.0 million in debt evidenced by a six -year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC.

Significant Customer

We entered into an Insurance Agency Master Agreement with Ivantage Select Agency, Inc., (“ISA”), an affiliate of Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), pursuant to which we are authorized by ISA to appoint Allstate agents to offer our homeowners’ and commercial general liability insurance products to consumers in Florida. As a percentage of the total homeowners’ premiums we underwrote in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, 23.8 % and 2 3. 5 % , respectively, were from Allstate’s network of Florida agents.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FNHC and all other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and any variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support or where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We assess our contractual, ownership or other interests in a VIE to determine if our interest participates in the variability the VIE was designed to absorb and pass onto variable interest holders. We perform an ongoing qualitative assessment of our variable interests in VIEs to determine whether we have a controlling financial interest and would therefore be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements.

In connection with the investment in Monarch Delaware, we have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this VIE, as we possess the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. Accordingly, we consolidate the VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on the VIE.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Additionally, operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be

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expected for a full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Certain GAAP policies, which significantly affect the determination of financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, are summarized below.

This report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended (the “2016 Form 10-K”).

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Our significant accounting policies were described in Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of the 2016 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates.

Similar to other property and casualty insurers, our liability for losses and loss adjustment expense reserves, although supported by actuarial projections and other data, is ultimately based on management’s reasoned expectations of future events. Although considerable variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe that this liability is adequate. Estimates are reviewed regularly and adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in current operations. Refer to Note 6 accompanying our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our liability for losses and loss adjustment expense reserves.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted these amendments effective January 1, 2017, resulting in $0.1 million of discrete income tax deficiencies reflected as a component of the income tax provision on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits be presented within the statement of cash flows as an operating activity rather than as a financing activity. The Company adopted this change on a prospective basis, which resulted in a $ 0.1 million de crease in cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Further, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be prospectively excluded from the assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares, which increased the Company's weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding by 18,447 shares in the first quarter of 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This authoritative guidance replaces all general and most industry specific revenue recognition guidance (excluding insurance) currently prescribed by U.S. GAAP. The core principle is that an entity recognizes revenue to reflect the transfer of a promised good or service to customers in an amount that reflects that consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for that good or service. This guidance also provides clarification on when an entity is a principal or an agent in a transaction. The guidance may be applied using one of the two following methods: (1) retrospectively to each prior reporting periods presented, or (2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. In addition, during 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, and ASU 2016-12, all of which clarify certain implementation guidance within ASU 2014-09. We will adopt this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018.

As part of our implementation process, we have gained an understanding of the new standard and performed an analysis to identify accounting policies that may need to change and additional disclosures that will be required. While we continue to evaluate the impact of the provisions of this accounting standard update, only a portion of our revenues are impacted by this guidance because the guidance does not apply to revenue on contracts accounted for under the financial instruments or insurance contracts standards. As a result, we expect the timing of our revenue recognition for most of our revenue streams to generally remain the same. Our evaluation process includes, but is not limited to, identifying contracts within the scope of the guidance, reviewing and documenting our accounting

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for these contracts, and identifying and determining the accounting for any related contract costs. We have not yet quantified the impact, if any, to our consolidated financial statements .

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Most notably, this new guidance requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is in the early stages of evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The effect of adopting this guidance will be principally affected by the level of unrealized gains or losses associated with equity investments with readily determinable market values. Such unrealized gains or losses will be recognized upon adoption as a cumulative-effect adjustment with future unrealized gains or losses reflected in the statement of income and comprehensive income. Refer to Note 4 for the current status of such unrealized gains and losses levels that are currently recognized as other comprehensive income .

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). Upon the effective date, ASU 2016-02 will supersede the current lease guidance in Topic 840, Leases . Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. All of our leases are classified as operating leases under current lease accounting guidance. This guidance will require us to add our operating leases to the balance sheet. We do not expect this standard will have a material effect on our financial statements due to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheets for our operating leases. We expect to elect all of the standard’s available practical expedients on adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”) which significantly changes the measurement of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 will require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as currently performed under the other-than-temporary impairment model. Additionally, the standard will require enhanced disclosures for financial assets measured at amortized cost and available-for-sale debt securities to help the financial statement users better understand significant judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are in the early stages of evaluating the effects the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on the following eight specific cash flow classification issues: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. Current GAAP does not include specific guidance on these eight cash flow classification issues. The amendments of this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this accounting standard update effective January 1, 2018. The provisions of this update will not have a material impact on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

3. FAIR VALUE

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are based on market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. All assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market is defined as a market where transactions for the financial statement occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

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Level 2 — Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities and valuations, using models or other valuation techniques that use observable market data. All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the market place.

Level 3 — Instruments that use non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable market data or those that are estimated based on an ownership interest to which a proportionate share of net assets is attributed. Currently, the Company has no level 3 investments.

The Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of inputs used were as follows:



	March 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Debt securities:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	37,790	$	37,605	$	—	$	75,395
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		86,974		—		86,974
Corporate		—		198,047		—		198,047
International		—		15,554		—		15,554
		37,790		338,180		—		375,970

Equity securities		44,003		—		—		44,003

Total investments	$	81,793	$	338,180	$	—	$	419,973



	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Debt securities:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	36,560	$	25,645	$	—	$	62,205
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		151,183		—		151,183
Corporate		—		149,505		—		149,505
International		—		11,863		—		11,863
		36,560		338,196		—		374,756

Equity securities		28,960		415		—		29,375

Total investments	$	65,520	$	338,611	$	—	$	404,131

A third party nationally recognized pricing service provides the fair value of securities in Level 2. A summary of the significant valuation techniques and market inputs for each class of security is as follows:

United States government obligations and authorities : In determining the fair value for U.S. Government securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions : In determining the fair value for state and municipal securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads, reference data and industry and economic events.

Corporate and International : In determining the fair value for corporate securities we use the market approach. The primary inputs to the valuation include reported trades, dealer quotes for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, benchmark yields, credit spreads (for investment grade securities), observations of equity and credit default swap curves (for high-yield corporates), reference data and industry and economic events.

We review the third party pricing methodologies quarterly and test for significant differences between the market price used to value the security and recent sales activity.

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4. INVESTMENTS

Unrealized Gains and Losses

The following table details the difference between amortized cost or cost and estimated fair value, by major investment category, at March 31, 2017 and at December 31, 2016:



	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
March 31, 2017
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	75,618	$	315	$	538	$	75,395
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		86,997		488		511		86,974
Corporate		197,041		1,723		717		198,047
International		15,533		115		94		15,554
		375,189		2,641		1,860		375,970

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities		4,162		21		100		4,083
Corporate		1,261		22		1		1,282
International		65		1		—		66
		5,488		44		101		5,431
Equity securities		37,750		6,839		586		44,003
Total investments	$	418,427	$	9,524	$	2,547	$	425,404



	Amortized		Gross		Gross
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized
	or Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations and authorities	$	62,881	$	177	$	853	$	62,205
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		152,823		427		2,067		151,183
Corporate		149,053		1,347		895		149,505
International		11,887		95		119		11,863
		376,644		2,046		3,934		374,756

Debt securities - held-to-maturity:
United States government obligations and authorities		4,163		22		118		4,067
Corporate		1,317		20		2		1,335
International		71		—		—		71
		5,551		42		120		5,473
Equity securities		24,163		5,500		288		29,375
Total investments	$	406,358	$	7,588	$	4,342	$	409,604

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Net Realized Gains and Losses

The Company calculates the gain or loss realized on the sale of investments by comparing the sales price (fair value) to the cost or amortized cost of the security sold. Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. The following tables detail the Company’s net realized gains (losses) by major investment category for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Gross realized gains:
Debt securities	$	570	$	1,304
Equity securities		560		738
Total gross realized gains		1,130		2,042

Gross realized losses:
Debt securities		(1,092)		(540)
Equity securities		(143)		(575)
Total gross realized losses		(1,235)		(1,115)
Net realized (losses) gains on investments	$	(105)	$	927

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities were $ 111.5 million and $ 66.7 million, respectively.

Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	March 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Amortized				Amortized
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Securities with maturity dates:	(in thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale:
One year or less	$	34,393	$	34,469	$	46,189	$	46,231
Over one through five years		177,620		178,374		177,982		177,899
Over five through ten years		161,961		161,955		150,557		148,783
Over ten years		1,215		1,172		1,916		1,843
		375,189		375,970		376,644		374,756
Debt securities, held-to-maturity:
One year or less		184		185		170		170
Over one through five years		1,763		1,795		1,719		1,750
Over five through ten years		3,541		3,451		3,662		3,553
		5,488		5,431		5,551		5,473
Total	$	380,677	$	381,401	$	382,195	$	380,229

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Net Investment Income

The following table summarizes the Company’s net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
		(in thousands)
Interest income	$	2,169	$	1,853
Dividends income		149		187
Net investment income	$	2,318	$	2,040

Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, gross unrealized losses and related fair values for available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities, grouped by duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:



	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
March 31, 2017					(in thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations
and authorities	$	33,711	$	535	$	106	$	3	$	33,817	$	538
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		37,406		511		-		-		37,406		511
Corporate		65,054		702		1,779		15		66,833		717
International		6,214		94		5		-		6,219		94
		142,385		1,842		1,890		18		144,275		1,860

Equity securities		6,727		416		832		170		7,559		586

Total investments	$	149,112	$	2,258	$	2,722	$	188	$	151,834	$	2,446



	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
December 31, 2016					(in thousands)
Debt securities - available-for-sale:
United States government obligations
and authorities	$	45,255	$	850	$	111	$	3	$	45,366	$	853
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		103,724		2,066		1,007		1		104,731		2,067
Corporate		59,970		864		2,427		31		62,397		895
International		5,925		119		5		-		5,930		119
		214,874		3,899		3,550		35		218,424		3,934

Equity securities		4,701		253		434		35		5,135		288

Total investments	$	219,575	$	4,152	$	3,984	$	70	$	223,559	$	4,222

As of March 31, 2017, the Company held a total of 573 debt and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 2 3 securities were in an unrealized loss position continuously for 12 months or more. As of December 31, 2016, the Company held a total of 1,132 debt and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 36 securities were in an unrealized loss

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position continuously for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses associated with these securities consisted primarily of losses related to corporate securities.

The Company holds its equity securities and some of its debt securities as available-for-sale and as such, these securities are recorded at fair value. The Company continually monitors the difference between cost and the estimated fair value of its investments, which involves uncertainty as to whether declines in value are temporary in nature. If the decline of a particular investment is deemed temporary, the Company records the decline as an unrealized loss in shareholders’ equity. If the decline is deemed to be other than temporary, the Company will write the security’s cost-basis or amortized cost-basis down to the fair value of the investment and recognizes an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) loss in our consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, any portion of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than credit will be recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather than charged against income.

The Company’s assessment of equity securities initially involves an evaluation of all securities that are in an unrealized loss position, regardless of the duration or severity of the loss, as of the applicable balance sheet date. Such initial review consists primarily of assessing whether: (i) there has been a negative credit or news event with respect to the issuer that could indicate the existence of an OTTI; and (ii) the Company has the ability and intent to hold an equity security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery (generally considered to be one year from the balance sheet date).

To the extent that an equity security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the initial review described above, the Company then evaluates such equity security by considering qualitative and quantitative factors. These factors include but are not limited to facts and circumstances specific to individual securities, asset classes, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in dividend payment, the length of time fair value had been less than cost, the severity of the decline in fair value below cost, industry outlook and our ability and intent to hold each position until its forecasted recovery.

If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that, the Company will sell, a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the total amount of the unrealized loss position is recognized as an OTTI loss in our consolidated statement of operations. To the extent a debt security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the preceding , the Company will consider that security to be impaired when it believes collection of the amortized cost is not probable.

During the Company’s quarterly evaluation of its securities for impairment, there were no material OTTI losses identified in our investments in debt and equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively .

Collateral Deposits

As of March 31, 2017, investments with fair values of approximately $10. 6 million, the majority of which were debt securities, were deposited with governmental authorities and into custodial bank accounts as required by law or contractual obligations.

5. REINSURANCE

Reinsurance is used to mitigate the exposure to losses, manage capacity and protect capital resources. The Company reinsures (cedes) a portion of written premiums on an excess of loss or a quota share basis in order to limit our loss exposure. To the extent that reinsuring companies are unable to meet their obligations assumed under these reinsurance agreements, we remain primarily liable to our policyholders.

We are selective in choosing reinsurers and consider numerous factors, the most important of which are the financial stability of the reinsurer or capital specifically pledged to uphold the contract, its history of responding to claims and its overall reputation. In an effort to minimize our exposure to the insolvency of a reinsurer, we evaluate the acceptability and review the financial condition of the reinsurer at least annually with the assistance of our reinsurance broker.

Significant Reinsurance Contracts

FNIC and MNIC operate primarily by underwriting and accepting risks for their direct account on a gross basis and reinsuring a portion of the exposure on either an individual risk or an aggregate basis to the extent those exceed the desired retention level. We continually evaluate the relative attractiveness of different forms of reinsurance contracts and different markets that may be used to achieve our risk and profitability objectives. All of our reinsurance contracts do not relieve FNIC or MNIC from their direct obligations to the insured.

FNIC’s 2015-2016 catastrophe reinsurance program, which ran either from June 1 to May 31 or from July 1 to June 30, consists of the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”), excess of loss treaties placed with the private market and a 40% property quota-share program. The property quota-share reinsurance is a form of proportional reinsurance that provides coverage for the homeowners’

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property lines in Florida. The FHCF treaty affords coverage for hurricane losses sustained in Florida and represents only a portion of the reinsurance coverage in Florida.

The excess of loss and FHCF treaties, which became effective on July 1, 2015 and June 1, 2015, respectively, insure for approximately $1.82 billion of aggregate catastrophic losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.26 billion, with the Company retaining the first $12.9 million in Florida and $5.0 million in Louisiana, Alabama and South Carolina for losses and LAE from each event. Ceded premiums in connection with this program totaled approximately $149.7 million.

FNIC’s 2016-2017 reinsurance programs, costing approximately $179.5 million, include approximately $125.7 million for the private reinsurance for Federated National’s Florida exposure, including prepaid automatic premium reinstatement protection on all layers, along with approximately $53.8 million payable to the FHCF. The combination of private and FHCF reinsurance treaties will afford Federated National with approximately $2.22 billion of aggregate coverage with a maximum single event coverage totaling approximately $1.58 billion, exclusive of retentions. FNIC maintained its FHCF participation at 75% for the 2016 hurricane season. FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention for a catastrophic event in Florida is $18.45 million. In addition, FNIC purchases separate underlying reinsurance layers in Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and South Carolina to cover losses and LAE outside of Florida for each catastrophic event from $8.0 million to $18.45 million. Depending on the characteristics of the catastrophic event, and the states involved, FNIC’s single event pre-tax retention could be as low as $8.0 million. The maximum pre-tax retention of $18.45 million for Florida represents 7. 63 % of the Company’s shareholders’ equity as of March 31, 2017.

Additionally, the Company’s private market excess of loss treaties became effective July 1, 2016 and all private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which affords us additional coverage against multiple catastrophic events in the same hurricane season. The Company obtained multiple year protection for a portion of its program; as a result, some of the coverage will expire on June 30, 2017, and a portion of the coverage will remain in-force one additional treaty year until June 30, 2018. These private market excess of loss treaties structure coverage into layers, with a cascading feature such that substantially all private layers attach after $18.45 million in losses for FNIC’s Florida exposure. If the aggregate limit of the preceding layer is exhausted, the next layer drops down (cascades) in its place. Additionally, any unused layer protection drops down for subsequent events until exhausted.

MNIC’s 2016-2017 catastrophe reinsurance program, which runs from either June 1 to May 31 or June 1 to June 30 ( 13 month period), consists of the FHCF and private market excess of loss treaties. All private layers have prepaid automatic reinstatement protection, which affords MNIC additional coverage, and have a cascading feature such that substantially all layers attach at $3.4 million for MNIC's Florida exposure.

The Company’s property quota share treaties, which are included in the reinsurance program, run for a two -year period from July 1 to July 1 of the following year. The property quota-share treaties consist of two different treaties, one for 30% which became effective July 1, 2014, and the other for 10% which became effective July 1, 2015. The combined treaties provided a 40% quota-share reinsurance on the first $100 million of covered losses for the homeowners’ property insurance program in Florida. The treaties are accounted for as retrospectively rated contracts whereby the estimated ultimate premium or commission is recognized over the period of the contracts.

On July 1, 2016, the 30% property quota-share treaty expired on a cut-off basis, which means as of that date the Company retain ed an incremental 30% of its unearned premiums and losses. The reinsurers will remain liable for 30% of the paid losses occurring during the term of the treaty, until the treaty is commuted.

The Company’s private passenger automobile quota share treaties are typically one -year programs which become effective at different points in the year and cover auto policies across several states. These automobile quota share treaties cede approximately 75% of all written premiums entered into by the Company.

Certain reinsurance agreements require FNIC to secure the credit, regulatory and business risk. Fully funded trust agreements securing these risks totaled $2.6 million as of March 31, 2017 and as of December 31, 2016.

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Reinsurance Recoverables

Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are recognized in a manner consistent with the claims liabilities associated with the reinsurance placement and presented on the consolidated balance sheet as reinsurance recoverables. The following table presents reinsurance recoverables as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:



	March 31,		December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses	$	14,572	$	7,451
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses		35,881		41,079
Reinsurance recoverable, net	$	50,453	$	48,530

Premiums Written and Earned

The following table presents premiums written and earned for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Net premiums written:
Direct	$	146,051	$	136,025
Ceded		(27,304)		(43,570)
	$	118,747	$	92,455
Net premiums earned:
Direct	$	147,978	$	128,100
Ceded		(69,485)		(73,103)
	$	78,493	$	54,997

6 . LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE (“LAE”) RESERVES

The liability for loss and LAE reserves is determined on an individual-case basis for all claims reported. The liability also includes amounts for unallocated expenses, consideration for anticipated subrogation recoveries that will offset future loss payments, anticipated future claim development and incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”).

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Activity in the liability for loss and LAE reserves is summarized as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Gross reserves, beginning of period	$	158,110	$	97,340
Less: reinsurance recoverable (1)		(41,079)		(7,496)
Net reserves, beginning of period		117,031		89,844

Incurred loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year		50,674		30,093
Prior years		157		(548)
Total incurred loss and LAE, net of reinsurance		50,831		29,545

Paid loss, net of reinsurance, related to:
Current year		15,461		9,221
Prior years		33,945		19,710
Total paid loss and LAE, net of reinsurance		49,406		28,931

Net reserves, end of period		118,456		90,458
Plus: reinsurance recoverable (1)		35,881		11,157
Gross reserves, end of period	$	154,337	$	101,615

(1)

Reinsurance recoverable in this table includes only ceded loss and LAE reserves.

The establishment of loss reserves is an inherently uncertain process and changes in loss reserve estimates are expected as such estimates are subject to the outcome of future events. The factors influencing changes in claim costs are often difficult to isolate or quantify and developments in paid and incurred losses from historical trends are frequently subject to multiple interpretations. Changes in estimates, or differences between estimates and amounts ultimately paid, are reflected in the operating results of the period during which such adjustments are made.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company experienced unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development of $0. 2 million.

The favorable development in the first quarter of 2016 is primarily a result of continued favorable loss experience (mostly caused by decreased severity in reported claims) in the Company’s all other peril homeowners coverage caused in part by the absence of severe weather events in the state of Florida. Specifically, we had experienced better severity than expected on the 2014 and 2013 accident years .

7 . LONG-TERM DEBT

On March 17, 2015, MNHC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware, and MNIC’s direct parent, our consolidated VIE, issued a promissory note with a principal amount of $5.0 million bearing 6% annual interest, due March 17, 2021 with interest payable on an annual basis due March 17 each year. The debt was issued to TransRe, a related party, in connection with its investment in Monarch Delaware, and is being carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of debt issuance costs, and any accrued and unpaid interest is recognized in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded $0.1 million of debt issuance costs related to the 6% promissory note.

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8 . INCOME TAXES

The provision for income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Federal:
Current	$	1,114	$	3,544
Deferred		527		1,439
Federal income tax expense		1,641		4,983
State:
Current		219		276
Deferred		78		536
State income tax expense		297		812
Total income tax expense	$	1,938	$	5,795

The actual income tax expense differs from the “expected” income tax expense (computed by applying the combined applicable effective federal and state tax rates to income before income tax expense) as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Computed expected tax expense provision, at federal rate	$	1,789	$	5,389
State tax, net of federal tax benefit		97		534
Other		52		(128)
Total income tax expense	$	1,938	$	5,795

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and local jurisdictions. As of March 31, 2017, no open tax years are under examination by the IRS or any material state and local jurisdictions.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017 which requires the recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies within income tax (benefit) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations (see Note 2). The Company elected to apply this change in presentation prospectively from the beginning of fiscal year 2017, thus prior periods have not been adjusted. This adoption resulted in the recognition of $0.1 million of excess tax deficiencies recorded within income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This change could create volatility in the Company's effective tax rate in future periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, excess tax benefits were recorded in shareholders’ equity within the Consolidated Balance Sheets instead of income tax expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations .

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there are no uncertain tax positions.

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings, specifically claims litigation. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries participate in most of these proceedings by either defending third-party claims brought against insureds or litigating first-party coverage claims. The Company accounts for such activity through the establishment of loss and LAE reserves. We believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. The Company is also occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which may assert claims for substantial amounts. These other legal proceedings may occasionally make us party to individual actions in which extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims.

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews these outstanding matters, if any. Consistent with GAAP, the Company establishes reserves for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably

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estimable. The Company does not establish reserves for identified legal matters when we believe that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is not probable. Based on our quarterly review, the Company believes that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company is a party to a Co-Existence Agreement effective as of August 30, 2013 (the “Co-Existence Agreement”) with Federated Mutual Insurance Company (“Mutual”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to certain restrictions on its use of the word “FEDERATED” without the word “NATIONAL” when referring to FNHC and Federated National Insurance Company. In response to Mutual’s allegations that the Company’s use of the word “FED” as part of the Company’s federally registered “FEDNAT” trademark infringes on Mutual’s federal and common law trademark rights, which the Company disputes, on July 21, 2016, the Company filed a declaratory judgment action for non-infringement of trademark in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. Specifically, the Company seeks a declaration that its federally registered trademark "FEDNAT" does not infringe any alleged trademark rights of Mutual and that Mutual does not own any trademark rights to the name or mark "FED" in connection with insurance services outside of Owatonna, Minnesota. On July 26, 2016, Mutual filed a demand for arbitration against the Company before the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) alleging a breach of the Co-Existence Agreement. On November 29, 2016, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida granted Mutual’s motion to compel arbitration of the Company’s declaratory judgment action for non-infringement of a trademark. On February 3, 2017, the AAA granted the Company’s motion to terminate the arbitration for lack of jurisdiction based upon Mutual’s failure to comply with the Co-Existence Agreement’s regarding the selec tion of an arbitrator. An arbitrator has been selected. The Company nevertheless intends to vigorously defend against Mutual’s allegations, although there can be no assurances as to the outcome of this matter.

On March 2, 2017, the Company filed a complaint in Broward County, Florida court to enforce the terms of the restrictive covenants set forth in the Amended and Restated Non-Competition, Non-Disclosure and Non-Solicitation Agreement dated August 5, 2013, as amended, entered into between Peter J. Prygelski, III and the Company during Mr. Prygelski’s employment with the Company and set forth in the separation agreement he entered into in connection with his separation from the Company. The Company believes that he accepted employment with a competitor in contravention of these restrictive covenants and therefore the Company is seeking injunctive relief, declaratory relief and damages . Initial motions, including the Company’s motion for preliminary (temporary) injunctive relief and Prygelski’s motion to dismiss and compel arbitration, were heard by the court and are pending; accordingly , there can be no assurances as to the outcome of this matter. The Company has not recognized a gain contingency in the financial statements as of March 31, 201 7 .

Assessment Related Activity

We operate in a regulatory environment where certain entities and organizations have the authority to require us to participate in assessments. Currently these entities and organizations include: Florida Insurance Guaranty Association (“FIGA”), Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”), FHCF, Florida Joint Underwriters Insurance Association (“JUA”), Georgia Insurers Insolvency Pool (“GIIP”), Special Insurance Fraud Fund (“SIIF”), Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plan (“FAIRP”), Georgia Automobile Insurance Plan (“GAIP”), Property Insurance Association of Louisiana (“PIAL”), Louisiana Automobile Insurance Plan (“LAIP”), South Carolina Property & Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“SCPCIGA”), Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association (“TPCIGA”), Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (“TWIA”), Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association (“TAIPA”), Alabama Insurance Guaranty Association (“AIGA”), and Alabama Insurance Un derwriters Association (“AIUA”) . As a direct premium writer in Florida, we are required to participate in certain insurer solvency associations under Florida law, administered by FIGA. Future assessments are likely, although the impact of these assessments on our balance sheet, results of operations or cash flow are undeterminable at this time.

FNIC is also required to participate in an insurance apportionment plan under Florida law, which is referred to as a JUA Plan. The JUA Plan provides for the equitable apportionment of any profits realized, or losses and expenses incurred, among participating automobile insurers. In the event of an underwriting deficit incurred by the JUA Plan which is not recovered through the policyholders in the JUA Plan, such deficit shall be recovered from the companies participating in the JUA Plan in the proportion that the net direct written premiums of each such member during the preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate net direct premiums written in this state by all members of the JUA Plan. FNIC was not assessed by the JUA Plan. Future assessments by this association are undeterminable at this time.

Leases

FNHC and its subsidiaries lease certain facilities, furniture and equipment under long-term lease agreements. Additional information about leases can be found in Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of the 2016 Form 10-K.

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10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchases

In November 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of common stock of FNHC, at such times and at prices as management determines advisable, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million through March 1, 2017. In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 .0 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018. This program may be modified, suspended or terminated by us at any time without notice. Common stock repurchases are conducted in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its common stock and general market conditions. The amount and timing of all repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.

Pursuant to our Board of Directors’ authorizations, the Company repurchased 103,485 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $ 1.9 million, which is a weighted average price per share of $18.18 , during the three months ended March 31, 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock was $9.5 million.

Subsequent Event

As of this date , the Company has repurchased an additional 292,961 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $ 4 . 7 million, which is a weighted average price per share of $1 6.07 . T he remaining availability for future repurchases of our common stock i s $4.8 million.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table provides certain information in connection with the Company’s share-based compensation arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
Restricted stock	$	667	$	680
Stock options		—		—
Total share-based compensation expense	$	667	$	680

Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	65	$	193
Fair value of restricted stock vested	$	13,499	$	12,358

The intrinsic value of options exercised represents the difference between the stock option exercise price and the weighted average closing stock price of FNHC common stock on the exercise dates, as reported on t he NASDAQ Global Market.

Stock Option Awards

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for the period from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017 is as follows:



	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Option Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	79,484	$	3.70
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	(400)	$	3.59
Cancelled	—	$	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	79,084	$	3.70

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for all restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) held by employees. The accounting charge is measured at the grant date as the fair value of FNHC common stock and expensed as non-cash compensation over

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the vesting term using the straight-line basis for service awards and the accelerated basis for performance ‑based awards with graded vesting . Certain cliff vesting awards contain performance criteria which are tied to the achievement of certain market conditions. This value is recognized as expense over the service period using the straight ‑line recognition method.

During the first quarter of 2017 and 2016, the Board of Directors granted 96,454 and 128,472 RSAs, respectively, vesting over three or five years, to the Company’s directors, executives and other key employees.

The following table summarizes RSA activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	337,203	$	19.69
Granted	96,454	$	18.24
Vested	(71,095)	$	18.99
Cancelled	(1,570)	$	20.75
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	360,992	$	19.43

The weighted average grant date fair value is measured using the closing price of FNHC common stock on the grant date, as reported on t he NASDAQ Global Market.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017						2016
	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
	(in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income,
beginning of period	$	3,323	$	(1,199)	$	2,124	$	6,111	$	(2,247)	$	3,864
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		3,540		(1,380)		2,160		5,570		(2,103)		3,467
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses (gains) included
in net income		170		(65)		105		(1,486)		559		(927)
		3,710		(1,445)		2,265		4,084		(1,544)		2,540
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	7,033	$	(2,644)	$	4,389	$	10,195	$	(3,791)	$	6,404

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including outstanding unvested restricted stock awards and vested restricted stock awards during the period . Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, noted above, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options. Dilutive securities are common stock equivalents that are freely exercisable into common stock at less than market prices or otherwise dilute earnings if converted. The net effect of common stock equivalents is based on the incremental common stock that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of common stock options and the vesting of RSAs using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalents are not included in diluted earnings per share when their inclusion is antidilutive.

The computations of diluted EPS available to our shareholders do not include approximately 0.1 million stock options and RSAs for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 0.2 million stock options and RSAs for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive to earnings per share.

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The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income attributable to Federated National Holding
Company shareholders	$	3,145	$	9,535
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
basic		13,432		13,826
Net income per share - basic	$	0.23	$	0.69

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
basic		13,432		13,826
Dilutive effect of stock compensation plans		127		218
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding -
diluted		13,559		14,044
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.23	$	0.68

Dividends per share	$	0.08	$	0.05

Dividends Declared

In March 2017 , our Board of Directors declared a $ 0.08 per common share dividend payable June 1, 2017 to shareholders of record on May 1, 2017 .

12. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY

The carrying amounts of the assets of Monarch Delaware, our consolidated VIE, which can only be used to settle obligations of Monarch Delaware, and liabilities of Monarch Delaware for which creditors do not have recourse are as follows:



	March 31,		December 31,
	2017		2016
	(in thousands)
ASSETS
Investments
Debt securities, available for sale, at amortized cost	$	28,062	$	27,100
Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value		1,207		1,604
Total investments		29,269		28,704
Cash and cash equivalents		14,199		15,668
Reinsurance recoverable		349		—
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		538		1,070
Premiums receivable, net		864		1,584
Other assets		1,507		1,910
Total assets	$	46,726	$	48,936

LIABILITIES
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	1,621	$	1,659
Unearned premiums		6,499		8,406
Reinsurance payable		850		863
Debt		4,914		4,909
Other liabilities		682		1,026
Total liabilities	$	14,566	$	16,863

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General information about Federated National Holding Company can be found at www.FedNat.com; however, the information that can be accessed through our web site is not part of our report. We make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 available free of charge on our web site, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC.

Ite m 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Form 10-Q”) . In addition, reference should be made to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Form 10-K”) .

Unless the context requires otherwise, as used in this Form 10-Q, the terms “FNHC,” “Compa ny,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Federated National Holding Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Form 10-Q or in documents that are incorporated by reference that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those discussed herein. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “guidance,” “indicate,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possibly,” “potential,” “predict,” “probably,” “pro-forma,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” or “will” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon and similar words or phrases or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements might also include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:

Projections of revenues, income, earnings per share, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or measures;

Descriptions of plans or objectives of management for future operations, insurance products/or services;

Forecasts of future insurable events, economic performance, liquidity, need for funding and income; and

Descriptions of assumptions or estimates underlying or relating to any of the foregoing.

The risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to estimates, assumptions and projections generally; the nature of the Company’s business; the adequacy of its reserves for loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”); claims experience; weather conditions (including the severity and frequency of storms, hurricanes, tornadoes and hail) and other catastrophic losses; reinsurance costs and the ability of reinsurers to indemnify the Company; raising additional capital and our potential failure to meet minimum capital and surplus requirements; potential assessments that support property and casualty insurance pools and associations; the effectiveness of internal financial controls; the effectiveness of our underwriting, pricing and related loss limitation methods; changes in loss trends, including as a result of insureds’ assignment of benefits; court decisions and trends in litigation; our potential failure to pay claims accurately; ability to obtain regulatory approval applications for requested rate increases, or to underwrite in additional jurisdictions, and the timing thereof; the impact that the results of the Monarch joint venture may have on our results of operations; inflation and other changes in economic conditions (including changes in interest rates and financial markets); pricing competition and other initiatives by competitors; legislative and regulatory developments; the outcome of litigation pending against the Company, and any settlement thereof; dependence on investment income and the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio; insurance agents; ratings by industry services; the reliability and security of our information technology systems; reliance on key personnel; acts of war and terrorist activities; and other matters described from time to time by the Company in this report and other filings filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Company’s Form 10-K.

In addition, investors should be aware that U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) prescribe when a company may reserve for particular risks, including claims and litigation exposures. Accordingly, results for a given reporting period could be significantly affected if and when a reserve is established for a contingency. Reported results may therefore appear to be volatile in certain accounting periods.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made.

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GENERAL

FNHC is an insurance holding company that controls substantially all steps in the insurance underwriting, distribution and claims processes through our subsidiaries and our contractual relationships with our independent agents and general agents. We are authorized to underwrite, and/or place through our wholly owned subsidiaries, homeowners’ multi-peril (“homeowners”), commercial general liability, federal flood, pers onal automobile and other lines of insurance in Florida and other states. We market, distribute and service our own and third-party insurers’ products a nd our other services through a network of independent agents.

Our wholly - owned insurance subsidiary is Federated National Insurance Company (“FNIC”), which is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida, Texas, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and South Carolina. We also serve as managing general agent for Monarch National Insurance Company (“MNIC”), which was founded in 2015 through the joint venture described below, and is licensed as an admitted carrier in Florida. An admitted carrier is an insurance company that has received a license from the state department of insurance giving the Company the authority to write specific lines of insurance in that state. These companies are also bound by rate and form regulations, and are strictly regulated to protect policyholders from a variety of illegal and unethical practices, including fraud. Admitted carriers are also required to financially contribute to the state guarantee fund, which is used to pay for losses if an insurance carrier becomes insolvent or unable to pay the losses due to their p olicyholders.

Monarch National Insurance Company Joint Venture

On March 19, 2015, the Company entered into a joint venture to organize MNIC, which received its certificate of authority to write homeowners’ property and casualty insurance in Florida from the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation (the “Florida OIR”). The Company’s joint venture partners are a majority-owned limited partnership of Crosswinds Holdings Inc., a publicly traded Canadian private equity firm and asset manager (“Crosswinds”) and Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (“TransRe”).

The Company and Crosswinds each invested $14.0 million in Monarch Delaware Holdings, LLC (“Monarch Delaware”), the indirect parent company of MNIC, for a 42.4% interest in Monarch Delaware (each holding 50% of the voting interests in Monarch Delaware). TransRe invested $5.0 million for a 15.2% non-voting interest in Monarch Delaware and advanced an additional $5.0 million in debt evidenced by a six-year promissory note bearing 6% annual interest payable by Monarch National Holding Company (“MNHC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Monarch Delaware and the direct parent company of MNIC .

In connection with the organization of MNIC, the parties entered into the following agreements dated as of March 17, 2015:

MNIC entered into a Managing General Agent and Claims Administration Agreement (the “Monarch MGA Agreement”) with FedNat Underwriters, Inc. (“FNU”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, pursuant to which FNU provides underwriting, accounting, reinsurance placement and claims administration services to Monarch. For its services under the Monarch MGA Agreement, FNU receives 4% of Monarch’s total written annual premium, excluding acquisition expenses payable to agents, for FNU’s managing general agent services; 3.6% of Monarch’s total earned annual premium for FNU’s claims administration services; and a per-policy administrative fee of $25 for each policy underwritten for Monarch. The Company also receives an annual expense reimbursement for accounting and related services.

MNIC, MNHC and Monarch Delaware (collectively, the “Monarch Entities”) entered into an Investment Management Agreement (the “Monarch Investment Agreement”) with Crosswinds AUM LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Crosswinds (“Crosswinds AUM”), pursuant to which Crosswinds AUM manages the investment portfolios of the Monarch Entities. The management fee, on an annual basis, is 0.75% of assets under management up to $100 million; 0.50% of assets under management of more than $100 million but less than $200 million; and 0.30% of assets under management of more than $200 million.

MNIC also entered into a Reinsurance Capacity Right of First Refusal Agreement with TransRe, pursuant to which TransRe has a right of first refusal for all quota share and excess of loss reinsurance that Monarch Insurance deems necessary in its sole discretion for so long as TransRe remains a member of Monarch Delaware or the MNHC debt remains outstanding. Pursuant to this agreement, TransRe has the right to provide, at market rates and terms, a maximum of 15% of any reinsurance coverage obtained by Monarch Delaware in any individual reinsurance contract.

The Compa ny’s Chi ef Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer hold th eir respective positions with Monarch Entities while they remain employed by the Company.

The Monarch Entities are consolidated as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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Overview of Insurance Lines of Business

Homeowners’ Property and Casualty Insurance

FNIC and MNIC underwrite homeowners’ insurance in Florida and FNIC also underwrites insurance in Alabama, Texas, Louisiana and South Carolina. Homeowners’ insurance generally protects an owner of real and personal property against covered causes of loss to that property. The Florida homeowners’ policies in-force totaled 280,397 and 252,975 at March 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

Our homeowners’ insurance products provide maximum dwelling coverage in the amount of approximately $ 4.0 million, with the aggregate maximum policy limit being approximately $6. 0 million. We currently offer dwelling coverage “A” up to $4.0 million with an aggregate total insured value of $6.5 million. We review these subject limits on an annual basis. The typical deductible is either $2,500 or $1,000 for non-hurricane-related claims and generally 2% of the coverage amount for the structure for hurricane-related claims.

Premium rates charged to our homeowners’ insurance policyholders are continually evaluated to assure that they meet the expectation that they are actuarially sound and produce a reasonable level of profit (neither excessive, inadequate or discriminatory). Premium rates in Florida and other states are regulated and approved by the respective states’ office of insurance regulation. In 2016, FNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a rate increase of 5.6% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewal policies on August 1, 2016. MNIC applied for and was approved by the Florida OIR for a rate decrease of 11.9% for Florida homeowners multiple-peril insurance policies, which became effective for new and renewal policies on April 15, 2016. As of the date of this Report, the Company has applied with the Florida OIR for a 2017 rate increase of 6.5% for FNIC for Florida homeowners’ insurance policies. These rate changes are currently awaiting approval from the Florida OIR and are subject to change based on their assessment. We continue to monitor and seek appropriate adjustment to our rates in order to remain competitive and profitable .

Other Lines of Business

Personal Automobile: Nonstandard personal automobile insurance is principally provided to insureds that are unable to obtain standard insurance coverage because of their driving record, age, vehicle type or other factors, including market conditions. We market this through licensed general agents in their respective territories.

Commercial General Liability : We underwrite for approximately 380 classes of skilled craft workers (excluding homebuilders and developers) and mercantile trades (such as owners, landlords and tenants). The limits of liability range from $100,000 per occurrence with a $200,000 policy aggregate to $1.0 million per occurrence with a $2.0 million policy aggregate. We market the commercial general liability insurance products through independent agents and a limited number of gene ral agents un affiliated with the Company.

Flood: FNIC writes flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”). We write the policy for the NFIP, which assumes 100% of the flood risk while we retain a commission for our service.

See the discussion in Item 1: “Business” in our 2016 Form 10-K for additional information with respect to our business.

Regulation

All insurance companies must file quarterly and annual statements with certain regulatory agencies and are subject to regular and special examinations by those agencies. We may be the subject of additional special examinations or analysis. These examinations or analysis may result in one or more corrective orders being issued by the Florida OIR. The Florida OIR is currently performing a regularly scheduled statutory examination of FNIC for the five years ended December 31, 2015. To date, we are not aware of any material findings by the Florida OIR in connection with this examination.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Operating Results Overview - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2016

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations or contain all of the information that may be important to our shareholders or the investing public. This overview should be read in conjunction with the other sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(in thousands)
Revenue:
Gross premiums written	$	146,051	7.4%	$	136,025
Gross premiums earned		147,978	15.5%		128,100
Ceded premiums		(69,485)	(4.9)%		(73,103)
Net premiums earned		78,493	42.7%		54,997
Net investment income		2,318	13.6%		2,040
Net realized investment (losses) gains		(105)	(111.3)%		927
Direct written policy fees		5,085	21.0%		4,202
Other income		7,132	5.0%		6,794
Total revenue		92,923	34.7%		68,960

Costs and expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses		50,831	72.0%		29,545
Commissions and other underwriting expenses		32,279	62.6%		19,852
General and administrative expenses		4,619	13.2%		4,081
Interest expense		84	—%		84
Total costs and expenses		87,813	63.9%		53,562

Income before income taxes		5,110	(66.8)%		15,398
Income taxes		1,938	(66.6)%		5,795
Net income		3,172	(67.0)%		9,603
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		27	(60.3)%		68
Net income attributable to FNHC shareholders	$	3,145	(67.0)%	$	9,535

Ratios to net premiums earned:
Net loss ratio (1)		64.8%			53.7%
Net expense ratio (2)		47.0%			43.5%
Net combined ratio (3)		111.8%			97.2%

(1)

The net loss ratio is calculated as losses and LAE divided by net premiums earned.

(2)

The net expense ratio is calculated as all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

(3)

The net combined ratio is calculated as the sum of losses and LAE and all operating expenses less interest expense divided by net premiums earned.

Revenue

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of $ 92.9 million increased $ 24.0 million, or 34.7 %, compared to total revenue of $ 69.0 million in the same three-month period of 2016 , due primarily to higher earned premiums as described below .

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Gross Premiums Written

The following table represents the gross premiums written breakout for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Gross premiums written:	(in thousands)
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	110,853	$	107,625
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		10,368		7,042
Personal automobile		19,291		15,689
Commercial general liability		3,296		3,751
Federal flood		2,243		1,918
Total gross premiums written	$	146,051	$	136,025

Gross written premiums increased $10.1 million, or 7.4%, to $146.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $136.0 million for the same period last year. The increase predominantly reflects market share growth in our homeowners’ and personal automobile lines of business. Homeowners’ gross written premiums increased $6.5 million, or 5.7%, to $121.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $114.7 million for the same three-month period last year. This increase is also reflected in the increase in our homeowners’ in-force policy count to 280,379 as of March 31, 2017, compared with 252,975 as of March 31, 2016. Gross written premiums for our personal automobile line of business increased by $3.6 million to $19.3 million for the year three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to $15.7 million in the prior year period. These increases reflect management’s strategy to continue to grow market share in Florida as well as expand operations outside of Florida with the growth in our property and personal automobile lines of business. With the expansion into areas outside of Florida, we are able to continue to leverage our personnel and, at the same time, diversify our insurance risk .

Gross Premiums Earned

The following table represents the gross premiums earned breakout for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Gross premiums earned:	(in thousands)
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	117,543	$	107,548
Homeowners/Fire non-Florida		9,101		5,854
Personal automobile		15,647		9,133
Commercial general liability		3,194		3,477
Federal flood		2,493		2,088
Total gross premiums earned	$	147,978	$	128,100

Gross premiums earned increased $19.9 million, or 15.5%, to $148.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $128.1 million for the same period last year, driven by higher gross written premiums as described above.

Ceded Premiums Earned

Ceded premiums earned de creased by $ 3.6 million, or 4.9 %, to $ 69.5 million for the three months ended March 31 , 201 7 , compared with $ 73.1 million in the same three-month period last year. This decrease was driven by lower ceded premiums in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 and is due to the expiration of the 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty, which ended on July 1, 2016. The effect of this expiration was partially offset by additional excess-of-loss reinsurance costs purchased for the 2016-2017 reinsurance programs, which became effective on June 1, 2016 and July 1, 2016 .

Net Investment Income

Net investment income increased 13.6% to $2.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016. This increase was primarily driven by growth in our fixed income portfolio. For the first quarter of 2017, the average balance of our fixed income portfolio was approximately $381.2 million, up 10.6% from an average balance of $344.8 million for the first quarter of 2016. In addition, the yield on our fixed income portfolio was 2.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, up from 2.2% for the same period in the prior year. The increase in yield was the result of portfolio repositioning during the first quarter of 2017, particularly the sale of tax-free municipal bonds, the proceeds of which were

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reinvested in taxable municipal and corporate fixed income securities with higher coupon rates. A portion of the increase in net investment income will be offset by higher federal income taxes, given that going forward a lower percentage of our investment income originates from tax-free securities.

Net Realized Investment (Losses) Gains

Net realized investment ( losses ) gains decreased $1.0 million, to a net realized investment loss of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, from a net realized investment gain of $ 0.9 million in the prior year period. From time to time, our portfolio managers, under our control, move out of positions due to both macro and micro conditions; these movements generate both realized gains and losses.

Direct Written Policy Fees

Direct written policy fees increased by $0.9 million, or 21.0%, to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $4.2 million in the same three-month period in 2016. The increase in direct written policy fees is correlated to the increase in gross written premiums in our homeowners and personal automobile lines of business compared to the prior year. These fees are generated when the Company writes a policy and the fee varies from state to state and by line of business. Policy fees generated by the managing general agent are earned by the Company. All other policy fees are collected by us and passed through to the general agent as acquisition costs and recognized in commissions and other underwriting expenses .

Other Income

Other income increased $ 0.3 million, or 5 .0 %, to $ 7 .1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $ 6.8 million in the prior year period. The following table represents the other income detail as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		% Change	2016
	(in thousands)
Other income:
Commission income	$	4,319	(11.7)%	$	4,891
Brokerage		2,236	61.6%		1,384
Finance		577	11.2%		519
Total other income	$	7,132	5.0%	$	6,794

The decrease in commission income is primarily the result of changes in the personal automobile reinsurance agreements during the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016. The increase in brokerage revenue is driven by the increase in our homeowners reinsurance program, the type of reinsurance purchased and the commissions paid on these reinsurance agreements in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 .

Expenses

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) increased $21.3 million, or 72.0%, to $50.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $29.5 million for the same three-month period last year. Losses and LAE includes reported claims, whether paid or unpaid, as well as the provision of reserves for estimated unreported claims. Approximately $7 million of the increase in losses and LAE represents a volume variance driven strictly by growth in premiums in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016, specifically in the homeowners and personal automobile lines of business. Additionally, losses and LAE in the first quarter of 2017 was impacted by $5.2 million of gross claims related to tornados that impacted the states of Florida and Louisiana and approximately $3.5 million related to increasing our Florida homeowners’ current year attritional loss ratio, which continues to be at 36.1% (unchanged from the second half of 2016, but up from the first quarter of 2016). We believe this measure is useful to investors as the Company uses the attritional loss ratio to monitor losses associated with non-severe weather events. The remainder of the increase was the result of the 30% property quota-share ending, as noted earlier.

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Commissions and Other Underwriting Expenses

The following table represents the commissions and other underwriting expenses breakout for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Commissions and other underwriting expenses:	(in thousands)
Homeowners/Fire Florida	$	15,632	$	13,974
All other lines of business		6,825		4,306
Ceded commissions		(2,741)		(10,679)
Total commissions and other fees		19,716		7,601
Salaries and wages		6,609		5,814
Other underwriting expenses		5,954		6,437
Commissions and other underwriting expenses	$	32,279	$	19,852

Commissions and other underwriting expenses increased $12.4 million, or 62.6%, to $32.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $19.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase is related to the premium growth in our homeowners and personal automobile lines of business, with personal automobile and homeowners’ non-Florida lines of business carrying higher acquisition costs as a result of our different distribution models we employ to market these insurance products.

Our net expense ratio for first quarter of 2017 was 47.0% compared with 43.5% for the same period in 2016. The increase is due to a higher mix of premiums from personal automobile and homeowners’ non-Florida lines of business, which carry higher acquisition costs as a result of our different distribution models we employ to market our insurance products. Although personal automobile quota-share treaties cede approximately 75% of all premiums, the full expense for commissions and other acquisition costs are recognized in this line item, which is then partially offset by the related ceded commission income recorded within the other income line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations .

Additionally, the decrease in ceded commissions is the result of the expiration of the 30% Florida-only property quota share treaty on July 1, 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses in creased $0. 5 million, or 1 3 .2%, to $4. 6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $4. 1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in legal and professional fees, which includes audit, tax and actuarial fees .

Income Taxes

Income taxes decreased $ 3.9 million, or 6 6. 6 %, to $1. 9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change was due to a decrease in taxable income.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of funds are net premiums, investme nt income, commission income and fee income. Our primary uses of funds are the payment of claims and operating expenses. As of March 31, 2017 , the Company held $4 2 5.5 million in investments. Cash and cash equivalents increased $ 5 .9 million, to $ 80.5 million as of March 31, 2017 , compared with $ 74.6 million as of December 31, 2016 . Total shareholders’ equity increased $ 3. 1 million, to $24 1.0 million as of March 31, 2017, compared with $237.9 million as of December 31, 2016.

Cash Flows Discussion

We believe that existing cash and investment balances, when combined with anticipated cash flows as noted below , will be adequate to meet our expected liquidity needs in both the short-term and the reasonably foreseeable future. We currently expect to continue declaring and paying dividends at comparable levels, subject to our future liquidity needs and reserve requirements. The Company also considers various opportunities, including common stock repurchases, to deploy its excess capital. Any future growth strategy may require external financing, and we may from time to time seek to obtain external financing. We cannot assure that additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, or that any such financing would not negatively impact our results of operations.

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in creased to $ 2 3.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $ 2 0 .7 million in the same period in 2016 . This in crease primarily reflects the increases in p repaid reinsurance premiums and premiums receivable, partly offset by de crease s in loss and LAE reserves, unearned premiums, reinsurance payables , and amortization of investment premiums .

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $ 1 4.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 related to purchases of investment securities of $1 56 .7 million, partly offset by sales, maturities and redemptions of our investment securities of $ 1 4 2.1 million. Net cash provided by investing activities of $ 1.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 related to sales, maturities and redemptions of our investment securities of $72.7 million, partly offset by purchases of investment securities of $ 70.9 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of $ 2.9 million, primarily reflects repurchases of our common stock of $ 1.9 million and dividend payments of $ 1.1 million , at a dividend of $0.08 per share, declared in November 2016 . Net cash used in financing activities of $ 2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 ref lects dividend payments of $1 .6 million and repurchases of our common stock of $1.1 million , partially offset by tax benefits related to share-based compensation of $ 0.2 million .

Dividends and Common Stock Repurchases

In March 2017 , our Board of Directors declared a $0.08 per common share dividend payable June 1, 201 7 to shareholders of record on May 1, 201 7 . Based on the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2017 the anticipated cash outflow would be $1. 1 million in the second quarter of 201 7 . We currently expect to continue to declare and pay quarterly dividends of similar amounts.

In November 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of common stock of FNHC, at such times and at prices as management determines advisable, up to an aggregate of $10.0 million through March 1, 2017. In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018. This program may be modified, suspended or terminated by us at any time without notice . Common stock repurchases are conducted in the open market or under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans from time to time in its discretion, based on ongoing assessments of the Company’s capital needs, the market price of its common stock and general market conditions. The amount and timing of all repurchase transactions are contingent upon market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors.

During the first three months of 2017 , we repurchased 0. 1 million shares of common stock for $ 1.9 million, including commissions. Subsequent to March 31, 2017 , the Company has repurchased an additional 0.3 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $4.7 million, including commissions.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Our primary assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the inflationary effect on the cost of paying losses and LAE.

Insurance premiums are established before we know the amount of losses and LAE and the extent to which inflation may affect such expenses. Consequently, we attempt to anticipate the future impact of inflation when establishing rate levels. While we attempt to charge adequate premiums, we may be limited in raising premium levels for competitive and regulatory reasons. Inflation may also affect the market value of our investment portfolio and the investment rate of return. Any future economic changes that result in prolonged and increasing levels of inflation could cause increases in the dollar amount of incurred losses and LAE and thereby materially adversely affect future liability requirements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and

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their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements.

We believe our most critical accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements relate to : (i) fair value measurements of our investments, (ii) investments, (iii) premium and unearned premium calculation, (iv) reinsurance contracts, (v) the amount and recoverability of amortization of deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”), (vi) reserve for loss and LAE and (vii) income taxes. The accounting estimates that result require the use of assumptions about certain matters that are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows would be affected.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Refer to Part II, Item 7: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates” included in our 201 6 Form 10-K for a more complete description of our critical accounting estimates.

Ite m 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our investment objective is to maximize total rate of return after federal income taxes while maintaining liquidity and minimizing risk. Our current investment policy limits investment in non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds), and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We also comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In general, these laws and regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred and common equity securities and real estate mortgages.

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors Investment Committee and is reviewed on a regular basis. Pursuant to this investment policy, as of March 31, 2017 , approximately 9 0 % of investments were in debt securities and cash and cash equivalents, which are considered to be either held until maturity or available-for-sale, based upon our estimates of required liquidity. Approximately 9 9 % of the debt securities are considered available-for-sale and are marked to market. We may in the future consider additional debt securities to be held-to-maturity securities, which are carried at amortized cost. We do not use any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio.

Ite m 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of March 31, 2017 . Based upon their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of March 31, 2017 , were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes during the th ree months ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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Part II: OT HER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Part I, “Financial Statements” for further information about legal proceedings.

Ite m 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors , ” of the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K . Please refer to that section for disclosures regarding what we believe are the most significant risks and uncertainties related to our business.

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It em 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The following table s set forth information with respect to purchases of shares of our common stock made during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 by or on behalf of FNHC. All purchases were made in the open market or under Rule 10b 5-1 of the Exchange Act.



	Purchases Under Plan Approved November 2016
				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar
	Total Number	Average		Shares Purchased	Value of Shares That
	of Shares	Price Paid		as Part of Publicly	May Yet Be Purchased
	Repurchased	Per Share		Announced Plans	Under the Plans (1)
January 2017 (1)	20,948	$	18.37	20,948	$	8,308,782
February 2017	54,554	$	18.63	54,554	$	7,292,321
March 2017	-	$	-	-	$	-

(1)



	Purchases Under Plan Approved March 2017
				Total Number of	Approximate Dollar
	Total Number	Average		Shares Purchased	Value of Shares That
	of Shares	Price Paid		as Part of Publicly	May Yet Be Purchased
	Repurchased	Per Share		Announced Plans	Under the Plans (2)
January 2017	-	$	-	-	$	-
February 2017	-	$	-	-	$	-
March 2017 (2)	27,983	$	17.17	27,983	$	9,519,496

(2)

In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $10 million share buyback program to repurchase shares of common stock through March 31, 2018.

It em 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

It em 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Ite m 5. Other Information

As previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2017 (the “Form 8-K”), Ronald A. Jordan joined the Company as its Chief Financial Officer beginning April 17, 2017. In addition to the compensation described in the Form 8-K, Mr. Jordan entered into a Change of Control Agreement (the “Change of Control Agreement”) dated as of April 17, 2017 with the Company, which provides for certain payments to Mr. Jordan if he is employed by the Company on the date on which a Change of Control (as defined in the Change of Control Agreement) occurs. If, during the two-year period following a Change of Control, Mr. Jordan’s employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by Mr. Jordan for Good Reason (each as defined in the Change of Control Agreement), he will be entitled to receive a lump sum payment equal to one year of his base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control.

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Ite m 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between the Company and individuals awarded restricted stock under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended . +*
10.2	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Agreement between the Company and individuals awarded performance-based restricted stock under the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended . +*
10.3	Confidential Information, Non-Solicitation and Non-Competition Agreement dated as of April 17, 2017 between the Company and Ronald Jordan . +*
10.4	Change of Control Agreement dated as of April 17, 2017 between the Company and Ronald Jordan . +*
10.5	Bonus Agreement dated as of January 1, 2017 between Federated National Holding Company and Erick Fernandez.+*
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act *
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act *
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document**
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document**
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document**
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document**
101.PRE	XBRLTaxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document**

________________________

+ Management Compensation Plan or Arrangement .

* F iled herewith

* * In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be part of any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing .

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SIGNATUR ES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	FEDERATED NATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY

	By:	/s/ Michael H. Braun
		Michael H. Braun, Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

		/s/ Ronald Jordan
		Ronald Jordan , Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)