By Emre Peker 

ISTANBUL--An outlawed Kurdish separatist group claimed responsibility for the shooting deaths on Wednesday of a Turkish police officer and a member of a government counterterrorism unit, further escalating tensions in a country already reeling from a devastating suicide bombing.

The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, said the killings in Turkey's southern Sanliurfa province were retaliation for Monday's suicide attack in the border town of Suruç that killed 32 people and wounded more than 100 others. Turkish officials have blamed the Sunni Muslim extremist group Islamic State for the bombing.

The PKK, which has been fighting for Kurdish autonomy in southeastern Turkey since 1984 and is designated a terrorist organization by Ankara, Washington and the European Union, said the men targeted in Wednesday's shootings had aided Islamic State. An official in Sanliurfa had no immediate comment on the PKK's claim.

The mounting bloodshed has escalated pressure on the government Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, which is more preoccupied with dampening the soaring international influence of Kurdish militants and toppling Syrian President Bashar al-Assad than in combating Islamic State.

As public criticism of the government swelled over its failure to prevent Monday's bombing, Mr. Davutoglu met with Turkey's spy chief, Hakan Fidan, and convened his cabinet to discuss the attack, border security and the situation in neighboring Syria, a government official said.

He has vowed to improve security along Turkey's 565-mile border with Syria and to eradicate all acts of terrorism, whether they're committed by Islamic State or the PKK.

Turkish authorities on Wednesday identified Monday's suicide bomber as Seyh Abdurrahman Alagoz, a native of Adiyaman province, which borders Sanliurfa. The 20-year-old Mr. Alagoz and his older brother, Yunus Emre, had been missing for six months, according to the state-run Anadolu news agency.

Some private Turkish media organizations reported that the two men had joined Islamic State, and state-run news agencies said the older brother had operated a tea house where the extremist group recruited fighters. Turkish officials haven't confirmed those reports.

"I haven't seen my sons for six months, and I appealed to the police to find them three months ago. This incident has been a shock for us, and we're now in mourning," Zeynal Abidin Alagoz, the father of the two men, told the Dogan news agency in Adiyaman.

Moves by the government to tighten security and identify those responsible for Monday's bombing haven't quieted the government's vociferous critics.

The attack has sparked denunciations of Ankara's efforts to oust Mr. Assad, a campaign some critics say has drawn Islamist militant groups closer to Turkey's border, if not into the country itself.

Opposition lawmakers have called for mass protests to condemn terrorism and the government's foreign policy, while police have deployed tear-gas and water cannons against antigovernment demonstrators.

Turkey is part of the U.S.-led coalition against Islamic State, but doubts persist over the Ankara's dedication to cracking down on the extremist group, which opposes the push by Syrian Kurds for autonomy and considers the Damascus regime its enemy.

In response to the groundswell of disapproval, Turkish authorities briefly cut off access to Twitter Inc. and other social-media sites on Wednesday. The aim was to curb the spread of information about the Suruç attack and to interrupt calls for "illegal mass demonstrations," Anadolu said.

The temporary blackout came just hours after a court in Sanliurfa ordered the suppression of attack-related photographs and video.

A spokesman for Twitter had no immediate comment on the ban. A government official said Twitter was forced to shut briefly because it couldn't remove Suruc-related content within the time period ordered by the court. An appeals court late Wednesday annulled the embargo.

Internet controls have become a routine measure for Turkish authorities amid crises and scandals, said Burcak Unsal, former local counsel for Google Inc.

"The government's first reaction to events, which indicate a lack of authority, is a media ban," said Mr. Unsal, now a partner at Unsal Gunduz, an Istanbul law firm. "The government is intolerant of even basic media freedoms and people's right to know."

Sam Schechner in Paris contributed to this article.

Write to Emre Peker at emre.peker@wsj.com

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