UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.20549

FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT

[ ]
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[x]
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

OR

[ ]
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

[ ]
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report ……………………………………………

For the transition period from ……………………………… to ………………………………

Commission file number  000-13345

CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited
24 Ninth Street, Lower Houghton, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2198, South Africa
(Address of principal executive offices)

Steven Curtis, +27 11 447 2499, scurtis@caledoniamining.com, 24 Ninth Street, Lower Houghton, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2198, South Africa
(Name, telephone, email and/or facsimile number and address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act
 
 
 
 

 
 
              Common Shares, without par value 52,117,908               
(Title of Class)
 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the closing of the period covered by the annual report: 52,117,908

Indicate by check mark if the registration is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

[  ] Yes  [X] No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

[  ] Yes  [X] No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days

[X] Yes  [   ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

[X] Yes  [   ] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.  See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [   ]                                                      Accelerated filer [   ]                                                      Non-accelerated filer [X]

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP [   ]
 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board [X]

Other [   ]

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow
 
 
 
2

 
 
Item 17 [   ]   Item 18 [   ]

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

[   ] Yes  [X] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court: N/A
 
 
 
 
 
3

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
9
   
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
9
   
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION
9
   
  A.  Selected Financial Data
9
  B.  Capitalization and Indebtedness
10
  C.  Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
10
  D.  Risk Factors
11
   
ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
17
   
  A.  History and Development of the Company
17
  B.  Business Overview
19
  C.  Organizational Structure
32
  D.  Property, Plant and Equipment
32
   
ITEM 4A - UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
32
   
ITEM 5- OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
32
   
  A.  Operational Results
32
  B.  Trend Information
38
  C.  Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
39
  D.  Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
39
   
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
39
   
  A.  Directors and Senior Management
39
  B.  Compensation
42
  C.  Board Practices
44
  D.  Employees
44
  E.  Share Ownership
45
   
ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
47
   
  A.  Major Shareholders
47
  B.  Related Party Transactions
47
  C.  Interests of Experts and Counsel
48
   
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
48
   
  A.  Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
48
  B.  Significant Changes
49
   
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING
49
   
  A.  Offering and Listing Details
49
   
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
50
   
  A.  Share Capital
50
  B.  Memorandum and Articles of Association
50
  C.  Material Contracts
52
  D.  Exchange Controls
52
  E.  Taxation
52
  F.  Dividends and Paying Agents
57
  G.  Statement by Experts
57
  H.  Documents on Display
57
  I.  Subsidiary Information
58
   
ITEM 11 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
58
   
  A.  Currency Risk
58
  B.  Interest Rate Risk
58
  C.  Concentration of Credit Risk
59
  D.  Liquidity Risk
59
  E.  Commodity Price Risk
59
 
 
 
4

 
 
ITEM 12 - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
59
   
ITEM 13 - DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARS AND DELINQUENCIES
60
   
ITEM 14 - MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
60
   
ITEM 15 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
60
   
ITEM 16A - AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
61
   
ITEM 16B - CODE OF ETHICS
61
   
ITEM 16C - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
61
   
ITEM 16D - EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
61
   
ITEM 16E - PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
62
   
ITEM 16F - CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
62
   
ITEM 16G - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
62
   
ITEM 16H - MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
62
   
ITEM 17 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
62
   
Responded to in Item 18.
62
   
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
62
   
ITEM 19 – EXHIBITS
63
 
 
 
5

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Annual Report on Form 20-F ("Annual Report") and the exhibits attached hereto contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities legislation that involve risks and uncertainties relating, but not limited to, Caledonia’s current expectations, intentions, plans, and beliefs.  Forward-looking information can often be identified by forward-looking words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “goal”, “plan”, “target”, “intend”, “estimate”, “could”, “should”, “may” and “will” or the negative of these terms or similar words suggesting future outcomes, or other expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, intentions or statements about future events or performance.  Examples of forward-looking information in this Annual Report include: production guidance, estimates of future/targeted production rates, planned mill capacity increases, estimates of future metallurgical recovery rates and the ability to maintain high metallurgical recover rates, timing of commencement of operations and Caledonia’s plans and timing regarding further exploration, drilling and development, the prospective nature of exploration and development targets, the ability to upgrade and convert mineral resources to mineral reserves, capital costs, our intentions with respect to financial position and third party financing and future dividend payments.   This forward-looking information is based, in part, on assumptions and factors that may change or prove to be incorrect, thus causing actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking information.  Such factors and assumptions include, but are not limited to: failure to establish estimated resources and reserves, the grade and recovery of ore which is mined varying from estimates, success of future exploration and drilling programs, reliability of drilling, sampling and assay data, assumptions regarding the representativeness of mineralization being inaccurate, success of planned metallurgical test-work, capital and operating costs varying significantly from estimates, delays in obtaining or failures to obtain required governmental, environmental or other project approvals, changes in government regulations, legislation and rates of taxation, inflation, changes in exchange rates, fluctuations in commodity prices, delays in the development of projects and other factors.

Potential shareholders and prospective investors should be aware that these statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements.  Such factors include, but are not limited to: risks relating to estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources proving to be inaccurate, fluctuations in gold price, risks and hazards associated with the business of mineral exploration, development and mining (including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, unusual or unexpected geological or structural formations, pressures, power outages, explosions, landslides, cave-ins and flooding), risks relating to the credit worthiness or financial condition of suppliers, refiners and other parties with whom the Company does business; inadequate insurance, or inability to obtain insurance, to cover these risks and hazards, employee relations; relationships with and claims by local communities and indigenous populations; political risk; availability and increasing costs associated with mining inputs and labor; the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development, including the risks of obtaining or maintaining necessary licenses and permits, diminishing quantities or grades of mineral reserves as mining occurs; global financial condition, the actual results of current exploration activities, changes to conclusions of economic evaluations, and changes in project parameters to deal with un-anticipated economic or other factors, risks of increased capital and operating costs, we are affected by environmental, safety or regulatory risks, expropriation, the Company’s title to properties including ownership thereof, increased competition in the mining industry for properties, equipment, qualified personnel and their costs, risks relating to the uncertainty of timing of events including targeted production rate increase and currency fluctuations.  Shareholders are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking information.  By its nature, forward-looking information involves numerous assumptions, inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and various future events will not occur.  Caledonia reviews forward-looking information for the purposes of preparing each Annual Report, however Caledonia undertakes no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or other such factors which affect this information, except as required by law.  For the reasons set forth above, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

STATUS AS AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY
 
Recently the United States Congress passed the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), which provides for certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to public companies that are reporting companies but not "emerging growth companies." We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in section 3(a) of the Exchange Act (as amended by the JOBS Act, enacted on April 5, 2012), and we will continue to qualify as an "emerging growth company" until the earliest to occur of: (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of US$1,000,000,000 (as such amount is indexed for inflation every 5 years by the SEC) or more; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (c) the date on which we have, during the previous 3-year period, issued more than US$1,000,000,000 in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer", as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2. Therefore, we expect to continue to be an emerging growth company for the foreseeable future.
 
 
 
6

 
 
Generally, a registrant that registers any class of its securities under section 12 of the Exchange Act is required to include in the second and all subsequent annual reports filed by it under the Exchange Act, a management report on internal control over financial reporting and, subject to an exemption available to registrants that are neither an "accelerated filer" or a "larger accelerated filer" (as those terms are defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2), an auditor attestation report on management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting. However, for so long as we continue to qualify as an emerging growth company, we will be exempt from the requirement to include an auditor attestation report on management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting in its annual reports filed under the Exchange Act, even if we were to qualify as an "accelerated filer" or a "larger accelerated filer".
 
CURRENCY
 
All references to dollar amounts are expressed in the lawful currency of Canada, unless otherwise specifically stated.  Per share amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars.
 
NON-IFRS FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
This Annual Report contains financial statements of the Company prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.  In addition, this Annual Report also contains non-IFRS financial measures (“Non-IFRS Measures”) including “on-mine cash cost per ounce”, “all-in sustaining cost per ounce”, “all-in cost per ounce”, “average realized gold price” and “adjusted earnings per share” as we believe these are useful metrics for measuring our performance. However, these Non-IFRS Measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are not necessarily comparable to similar measures presented by other publicly traded entities. These measures should be considered as supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for related financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS.
 
 
FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER FILINGS
 
As a foreign private issuer registered under section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), we are subject to section 13 of the Exchange Act, and we are required to file Annual Reports on Form 20-F and Reports of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K with the SEC.  However, we are exempt from the proxy rules under section 14 of the Exchange Act, and the short-swing profit rules under section 16 of the Exchange Act.


CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING RESOURCE AND RESERVE ESTIMATES

This Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the securities laws in effect in Canada, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. The terms “mineral reserve”, “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”) and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) - CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as amended. These definitions differ from the definitions in United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Industry Guide 7 under the United States Securities Act of 1993, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, a “final” or “bankable” feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves and the primary environmental analysis or report must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority.
 
 
 
7

 
 
In addition, the terms “mineral resource”, “measured mineral resource”, “indicated mineral resource” and “inferred mineral resource” are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. “Inferred mineral resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.

Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain descriptions of our mineral deposits that may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

All references in this Annual Report to the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, “the Company” and “Caledonia” refer to Caledonia Mining Corporation.
 
 
 
8

 
 
ITEM 1 - IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 2 - OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 3 - KEY INFORMATION
 
A.  
Selected Financial Data
 
Table 3 A shows the applicable selected financial data for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 pursuant to IFRS.

Table 3 A (ii) shows the US$ exchange rates against the Canadian $ for each of the 5-year periods indicated, for the period end and average exchange rate and the range of high and low rates for each year and the high and low exchange rates for the individual  months ended March 27, 2015.


Table 3A - Selected Financial Information prepared for 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 pursuant to IFRS - the figures presented being for the year ended or as of the end of each such year as applicable in the circumstances.

Financial – All in C$ 000’s unless otherwise indicated
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
Revenue
59,082
65,113
75,221
55,705
22,388
Gross Profit
20,473
29, 881
40,915
29,115
6,360
Expense - (General and administration,  interest and foreign exchange including  provisions and impairments)
(7,304)
(20,474)
(20,658)
(8,359)
(3,866)
Net Income /(Loss) – after income taxes from operations
6,565
(490)
7,358
12,130
1,455
Net Income /(Loss) – after income taxes from continuing operations
6,565
(490)
7,358
12,130
1,455
Cash and cash equivalent
26,838
25,222
27,942
9,686
1,145
Current Assets
36,908
36,154
35,294
18,159
6,176
Total Assets
77,296
69,602
71,827
52,402
38,159
Current Liabilities
5,781
7,534
9,280
4,566
4,629
Long Term Liabilities
12,980
10,094
6,928
7,822
7,050
Working Capital
31,127
28,620
26,014
13,588
1,547
Net Assets
58,535
51,974
55,619
40,014
26,480
Total Capital Expenditures including Mineral Properties
6,786
11,738
7,909
8,528
7,304
Financing Raised(repaid)
(1,796)
2,266
544
(279)
159


 
9

 

Share Information
  2014 2013
2012
2011
2010
Market Capitalization (USD Thousands) at December 31
31,791
39,088
46,301
55,060
80,021
Shares Outstanding (Thousands)(1)
52,117
52,117
51,446
50,549
50,169
Options  Outstanding (Thousands)(1)
2,565
2,848
3,330
4,254
3,258
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for continuing operations
$ 0,093
$ (0,061)
$0.172
$0.24
$0.03
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the year
$ 0,093
$ (0,061)
$0.172
$0.24
$0.03

(1)  
All share and option numbers are stated on the basis of the 1:10 reverse split that took place in 2013

Table 3A (ii) - Summary of Exchange Rates for the 5-year Period - 2010 to 2014
The following table sets forth, for each of the years indicated, the exchange rate of the United States dollar into Canadian currency at the end of such year, the average exchange rate during each such year and the range of high and low rates for each such year as supplied by the Bank of Canada.

On March 27, 2015, the exchange rate in effect for Canadian dollars exchanged for US dollars, expressed in terms of Canadian dollars was $0.8019. This exchange rate is based on the noon buying rates of the Bank of Canada, as obtained from the website www.bankofcanada.ca.

 
Exchange Rate
2014
2013
2012
 
2011
2010
 
Rate at 31 December (1)
0.0862
1.0696
0.9935
 
0.9767
0.9999
 
Average Rate (2)
0.9054
1.0300
0.9998
 
0.9892
1.03
 
High Rate (1)
0.8589
1.0707
1.0414
 
1.0468
1.0766
 
Low Rate (1)
1.0164
0.9836
0.9676
 
0.9748
0.9966

Notes:
(1)  
The rate of exchange is the Bank of Canada closing rate for the period 1 C$ to US$.

(2)  
The average rate means the average of the exchange rates during the year.

The high and low rates of exchange for each of the months from December 2014 to March 27, 2015 are as follows:

 
Sept 2014
Oct 2014
Nov 2014
Dec 2014
Jan 2015
Feb 2015
March 2015
 
Closing
0.8929
0.8872
0.8741
0.8620
0.7867
0.7998
0.8019
 
Average
0.9826
0.8917
0.8827
0.8672
0.8260
0.7800
0.7934
 
Hi
0.9826
0.8885
0.8741
0.8650
0.8226
0.7960
0.7901
 
Low
0.9109
0.8948
0.8799
0.8694
0.8294
0.8035
0.7969

B.  
Capitalization and Indebtedness
 
Not Applicable.

C.  
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
 
Not Applicable.
 
 
 
10

 
 
D.  
Risk Factors
 
An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk and should be considered speculative. You should carefully consider the following risks set out below and other information before investing in our common shares.  If any event arising from these risks occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected, the trading price of our common shares could decline and all or part of any investment may be lost.

Our operations are highly speculative due to the high-risk nature of our business, which include the acquisition, financing, exploration, development of mineral properties and operation of mines.  The risks and uncertainties set out below are not the only ones we face.  Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, may also impair our operations.  If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.  As a result, the trading price of our common shares could decline and investors could lose part or all of their investment.  Our business is subject to significant risks and past performance is no guarantee of future performance.

Industry Competition
The mining industry is a highly diverse and competitive international business.  The selection of geographic areas of interest are only limited by the degree of risk a company is willing to accept by the acquisition of  properties in emerging or developed markets and/or prospecting in explored or virgin territory.  Mining, by its nature, is a competitive business with the search for fresh ground with good exploration potential and the raising of the requisite capital to move projects forward to production.  Globally the mining industry is prone to cyclical variations in the price of the commodities produced by it, as dictated by supply and demand factors, speculative factors and industry-controlled marketing cartels.  Nature provides the ultimate uncertainty with geological and occasionally climatic surprises. Commensurate with the acceptance of this risk profile is the potential for high rewards.

Country Risk
The jurisdictions in which the Company operates are unpredictable.  Assets and investments in these foreign jurisdictions are subject to risks that are usually associated with operating in a foreign country and, any of these could result in a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations or financial performance of the Company.  These risks include, but are not limited to, access to assets, labour disputes and unrest; arbitrary revocation of government orders, approvals, licenses and permits; corruption; uncertain political and economic environments; bribery; war; civil disturbances and terrorist actions; sudden and arbitrary changes to laws and regulations; delays in obtaining government permits; limitations on foreign ownership; more onerous foreign exchange controls; currency devaluations; import and export regulations; inadequate, damaged or poorly maintained infrastructure; and endemic illnesses.  There can be no guarantee that governments in these jurisdictions will not unilaterally expropriate the property of companies that are involved in mining or that have a majority foreign ownership or for any other reason.

Significant operations of Caledonia are currently conducted in Zimbabwe and, as such, these operations are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties in addition to those set out above.  These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, expropriation and nationalization, or mandatory levels of Zimbabwean ownership beyond currently mandated levels; renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licences, permits and contracts; illegal mining; changes in taxation policies; restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and changing political conditions, currency controls and governmental regulations that favour or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.

Exploration and Development
Exploration, development and production activities are subject to political, economic and other risks, including:
-           cancellation or renegotiation of contracts;
-           changes in local and foreign laws and regulations;
-           changes in tax laws;
-           delays or refusal in granting prospecting permissions, mining authorizations and work permits for foreign management staff;
-           environmental controls and permitting;
-           expropriation or nationalization of property or assets;
-           foreign exchange controls;
-           government mandated social expenditures;
-           import and export regulation, including restrictions on the sale of their production in foreign currencies;
 
 
 
11

 
 
-           industrial relations and the associated stability thereof;
-           inflation of cost that is not compensated for by a currency devaluation;
-           requirement that a foreign subsidiary or operating unit have a domestic joint venture partner, which, possibly, the foreign company must subsidize;
-           restrictions on the ability of local operating companies to sell their production for foreign currencies, and on the ability of such companies to hold these foreign currencies in offshore and/or local bank accounts;
-           restrictions on the ability of a foreign company to have management control of exploration and/or development and/or mining operations;
-           restrictions on the remittance of dividend and interest payments offshore;
-           retroactive tax or royalty claims;
-           risks of loss due to civil strife, acts of war, guerrilla activities, insurrection and terrorism;
-           royalties and tax increases or claims by governmental entities;
-           unreliable local infrastructure and services such as power, communications and transport links;
-           demands or actions by native or indigenous groups;
-           other risks arising out of foreign sovereignty over the areas in which operations are conducted;
-           lack of uninterrupted power supplies; and
-           lack of investment funding;
 
Such risks could potentially arise in any country in which Caledonia operates.

Effective January 1, 2012, Zimbabwe increased the gross royalty payable to the Zimbabwe Government from 4.5% to 7% of the gross revenues received by mining companies operating in Zimbabwe from gold sales. Effective January 1, 2014, there was a change in the regulations which means that the royalty payable to the Zimbabwe government was no longer allowable as a deduction for the purposes of calculating income tax.  With effect from October 1, 2014 the royalty rate was reduced to 5%.  Changes to Zimbabwean legislation in January 2014 required all Zimbabwean gold producers to sell their production to Fidelity Printers and Refiners Limited (“Fidelity”) for a sale value which represents 98.5% of the value of the gold contained.  Prior to this change, Blanket sold its gold to a non-Zimbabwean refiner and received 100% of the value of the gold contained.  Effective February 2015 the realised gold price in 2014 represents 98.5% of the value of the gold that is received by Blanket in terms of its sale agreement to Fidelity. With effect from February 3, 2015, Blanket receives 98.75% of the value of the gold it delivers to Fidelity.

In January 2008 the Zambian government announced the following changes to its tax laws that would have had a bearing on the Nama Project.  The key changes were:
 
·           Increase in mineral royalty from 0.6% to 3%
 
·           Increase in profit tax rate from 25% to 30%
 
·           Introduction of variable profit tax of 15% for net profit above 8%
 
·           Introduction of a windfall profit tax for copper and cobalt mines
 
·           Capital allowances reduced from 100% to 25%
These measures were highly controversial with mining companies, many of which invested in the country under specific tax incentives and formalized their business models accordingly. Various representations were made by the mining companies both directly and through the Chamber of Mines to the government following the budget announcement at the end of January 2008. The Zambian government in January 2009 announced improvements to the taxation of mining companies, in particular:
 
 
·
the abolition of windfall tax
 
·
the return of capital allowances back to 100%.
 
Whilst these changes are welcome, the royalty remains unchanged at 3% during 2014 and we make the observation that at low cobalt prices, the royalty can give rise to a very significant tax burden on the project.
 
 
 
12

 
 
Subsequent to the evaluation of the latest drilling results at Nama in 2013, the Board has decided to impair the full carrying value of the Nama development assets and no further exploration funds will be allocated to the projects.

As a result of the foregoing, Caledonia’s exploration, development and production activities in Zimbabwe may be substantially affected by factors beyond Caledonia’s control, any of which could materially adversely affect Caledonia’s financial position or results from operations. Furthermore, in the event of a dispute arising from such activities, Caledonia may be subject to exclusive jurisdiction of courts outside North America or may not be successful in subjecting persons to the jurisdiction of the courts in North America, which could adversely affect the outcome of a dispute.

The Company needs to identify new resources to replace ore which has been depleted by mining activities and to commence new projects.  No assurance can be given that exploration conducted by the Company will be successful in identifying sufficient mineral resources of an adequate grade and suitable metallurgical characteristics suitable for further development or production.

Other than the Blanket Mine, the Company’s properties are in the exploration stage and are without any known bodies of commercial ore.  Further development of the properties will only proceed upon obtaining satisfactory exploration results. There is no assurance that the Company’s mineral exploration activities will result in any discoveries of commercial bodies of mineral reserves.  The long-term profitability of the Company’s operations will, in part, be directly related to the costs and success of its exploration programs, which may be affected by a number of factors.

Government Approvals, Permits and Licenses
Government approvals, permits and licenses are required in connection with a number of the Company’s activities and additional approvals, permits and licenses may be required in the future.  The duration and success of the Company’s efforts to obtain approvals, permits and licenses are contingent upon many variables outside of the Company’s control.  Obtaining governmental approvals, permits and licenses can increase costs and cause delays depending on the nature of the activity and the interpretation of applicable requirements implemented by the relevant authority.  While the Company or its affiliates currently hold the necessary licenses to conduct its operations there can be no assurance that all necessary approvals, permits and licenses will be maintained or obtained or that the costs involved will not exceed the Company’s estimates or that the Company will be able to maintain such permits or licenses.  To the extent such approvals, permits and licenses are not obtained or maintained, the Company may be prohibited from proceeding with planned drilling, exploration, development or operation of properties which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial performance.

History of Losses; Accumulated Deficit; No Assurance of Revenue or Operating Profit
Since inception in February 1992, Caledonia has recorded a loss in every year except 1994, 2000, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2014.  As at December 31, 2014, the consolidated accumulated deficit was $159,459,000.  Failure to achieve and maintain profitability may adversely affect the market price of our common shares. There can be no assurance that we will achieve profitability in the future or at all.

Write-downs on capital assets and mineral properties are typical for the mining industry.  Caledonia’s policy is to review the assets relative to current market conditions on an annual basis.

Development Risk
The Company is engaged in further development activities at Blanket Mine and its surrounding properties.  Construction and development of projects are subject to numerous risks including, but not limited to: obtaining equipment, permits and services; changes in regulations; currency rate changes; labor shortages; fluctuations in metal prices; and the loss of community support.

Substantial expenditures are required to establish reserves through drilling, to develop metallurgical processes to extract metal(s) from ore and to develop the mining, processing facilities and infrastructure at any site chosen for mining.  Although substantial benefits may be derived from the discovery of a major mineralized deposit, no assurance can be given that minerals will be discovered in sufficient quantities or grades, or the estimated operating costs of the mining venture are sufficient, to justify development of the deposit, or that the funds required for development can be obtained on a timely and economically acceptable basis.

The marketability of any minerals acquired or discovered may be affected by numerous factors which are beyond the Company’s control and which cannot be predicted, such as metal price and market fluctuations, the proximity and capacity of milling facilities, mineral markets and processing equipment, and such other factors as government regulations, including regulations relating to royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, and environmental protection.  Depending on the price of minerals produced, the Company may determine that it is not commercially feasible to commence or continue commercial production.
 
 
 
13

 
 
Production Estimates
Estimates for future production, including those at Blanket Mine, are based on mining plans and are subject to change.  Production estimates are subject to risk and no assurance can be given that future production estimates will be achieved.  Actual production may vary from estimated production for a variety of reasons including un-anticipated variations in grades, mined tonnages and geological conditions, accident and equipment breakdown, changes in metal prices and the cost and supply of inputs and changes to government regulations.

Fluctuating Minerals Prices and Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
As Caledonia’s activities primarily relate to the exploration, development and production of minerals, the fluctuating world prices for such minerals have a significant potential effect on the Company’s future activities and the profitability of any of its minerals production activities.  There is never any assurance, when activities are undertaken, or production operations are commenced, that the World price of the minerals involved will continue at a sufficiently high price to justify the ongoing activities or the continuation of the production.

The Company’s revenues, operations and exploration and development projects are, and are expected to be, heavily derived from and influenced by the price of gold, which is particularly subject to fluctuation and has fluctuated significantly in recent years.  The price of gold is affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control including, but not limited to: international economic and political conditions; expectations of inflation; international currency exchange rates; interest rates; global or regional consumption patterns; speculative activities; levels of supply and demand; increased production due to new mine developments and improved mining and production methods; availability and costs of metal substitutes and; inventory carrying costs.  The effect of these factors on the price of gold, and therefore the economic viability of the Company’s operations cannot be accurately predicted.  Caledonia has not adopted any strategies to control the effect of mineral price fluctuations because the Company’s cash resources currently exceed its planned and foreseeable commitments.

Most costs incurred by the Company in its exploration, development and production activities in southern Africa have to be paid in local currencies.  However, mineral prices are generally quoted in United States dollars.  The profitability of any production operations of the Company and the potential profitability of its exploration and development activities will therefore be seriously affected by adverse changes in the currency exchange rates.

The operating results and financial position of Caledonia are reported in Canadian dollars in the consolidated financial statements. The fluctuation of the Canadian dollar in relation to other currencies will consequently have an impact upon the profitability of Caledonia and may also affect the carrying amount of Caledonia’s assets and the amount of shareholders’ equity. Caledonia does not use any derivative instruments to reduce its foreign currency risks.

In 2009, the government of Zimbabwe made foreign currencies legal tender in Zimbabwe and abolished the Zimbabwe dollar. However, there is no guarantee that the Zimbabwe government will not reintroduce the local currency.

Credit Risk Exposure
Credit risk is the risk that a party with a contractual obligation to Caledonia will default causing a loss to Caledonia.  New regulations introduced by the Zimbabwean Ministry of Finance in January 2014 require that all gold produced in Zimbabwe must be sold to Fidelity, a company which is controlled by the Zimbabwean authorities.  Accordingly, all of Blanket’s production is sold to Fidelity.  To date, Blanket has received all payments due from Fidelity in full and on time.  This arrangement introduces a new credit risk, beyond the control of Caledonia or Blanket, that receivables and contractual performance due from Fidelity will not be paid or performed in a timely manner, or at all.

In 2009, gold bonds were issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe to Blanket Limited as a result of non-payment for gold previously sold by Blanket Mine to the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe since 2008.  The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe has failed to redeem the gold bonds and also failed to give any reliable verification of when Blanket Mine would be paid.  As a result of this failure, Caledonia was required to write off the gold bonds to $nil value.

Further, if Fidelity or the Zimbabwean government were unable or unwilling to conduct business with the Company, or satisfy obligations to the Company, the Company could experience a material adverse effect upon its operations and financial performance.
 
 
 
14

 
 
 
Indigenization
The government of Zimbabwe has introduced legislation (typically referred to as indigenisation) requiring companies to facilitate participation in their shareholdings and business enterprises by the indigenous population.  In not all instances is it assured that such interests will have to be paid for at full fair value, which may result in increased political and economic risks of operating in that area. As reported the Blanket Mine in Zimbabwe has complied with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act in Zimbabwe whereby indigenous shareholders legally own 51% ownership of Blanket Mine (1983) (Pvt) Ltd in 2012.

Government Regulation
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and requirements in the countries in which Caledonia operates may result in enforcement action, including orders calling for the curtailment or termination of operations on its property, or calling for corrective or remedial measures requiring considerable capital investment.  Although the Company believes that its activities are currently carried out in all material respects in accordance with applicable rules and regulations, no assurance can be given that new rules and regulations will not be enacted or that existing rules and regulations will not be applied in a manner that could limit or curtail production or development of the Company’s properties or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial performance.

Need for Additional Funds
The Company expects that for at least 2015, 2016 and 2017, it can fund all of its exploration, development and production operations from internal funds – and that it will not have to seek externally sourced funding for those years. However there can be no guarantees and the situation will be consistently monitored.

Dependence upon Key Personnel
Caledonia’s success depends (i) on the continued contributions of its directors, executive officers, management and consultants, and (ii) on Caledonia’s ability to attract new personnel whenever Caledonia seeks to implement its business strategy.   The loss of the services of any of these persons could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects results of operations and financial performance. The limited availability of mining and other technical skills and experience in Zimbabwe and the difficulty of attracting appropriately skilled employees to Zimbabwe creates a risk that appropriate skills may not be available if, for whatever reason, the current skills base at the Blanket Mine is depleted. There is no assurance that the Company will always be able to locate and hire all of the personnel that it may consider that it requires.  The Company, where it considers it appropriate, engages consulting and service companies to undertake some of the work functions. Mr. S.E. Hayden resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer on November 18, 2014 and resigned as a Director on 6 December, 2014. Mr. S.R. Curtis was appointed as a suitable candidate with the necessary experience and skills to act in his new role as President and Chief Executive Officer to replace Mr. S.E Hayden.

Possible Volatility of Share Price
Market prices for mining company securities, by their nature, are volatile. Factors, such as rapidly changing commodity prices, political unrest globally and in countries where Caledonia operates, speculative interest in mining stocks etc. are but a few factors affecting the volatility of the share price.   Caledonia’s shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, listed its shares on the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”) in June 2005 – and secured the quotation of its shares in the U.S. on the OTCQX commencing October 10, 2011.

Mineral Title
The Company is not aware of any significant competing ownership claims or encumbrances respecting title to its properties.  There can be no guarantee, however, that there are no competing ownership claims or encumbrances respecting its properties or that challenges to title will not be made in the future.
 
 
 
15

 
 
Increasing input costs
Mining companies generally have experienced higher costs of steel, reagents, labor and electricity and from local and national government for levies, fees, royalties and other direct and indirect taxes.  Blanket’s planned growth should allow the fixed cost component to be absorbed over increased production, thereby helping to alleviate somewhat the effect of any further price increases.

Infrastructure and Related Risks
Infrastructure, including electricity supplies, that may be currently available and used by Caledonia may, as result of natural disaster, incorrect or inadequate maintenance, sabotage or for other reasons, be destroyed or made unavailable or available in a reduced capacity.  Were this to occur, operations at the Company’s properties may become more costly or have to be curtailed or even terminated, potentially having serious adverse consequences to the Company’s financial condition and viability that could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial performance.

Operational Hazards and Risks
The Company is subject to risks typical in the mining business.  These include, but are not limited to, operational issues such as unexpected geological conditions or earthquakes causing unanticipated increases in the costs of extraction or leading to falls of ground and rock bursts, particularly as mining moves into deeper levels.  Major cave-ins, flooding or fires could also occur under extreme conditions.  Although equipment is monitored and maintained and all staff receives safety training, accidents caused by equipment failure or human error could occur.  Such occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, monetary losses and possible legal liability.  As a result, the Company may incur significant liabilities and costs that could have a material adverse effect upon its business, results of operations and financial performance.

Legal Risks
Caledonia may become party to legal claims arising in the ordinary course of business.  There can be no assurance that unforeseen circumstances resulting in legal claims will not result in significant costs or losses.  In the event of a dispute arising in respect of Caledonia’s foreign operations, Caledonia may be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of foreign courts or may not be successful in subjecting foreign persons to the jurisdiction of courts in Canada or international arbitration.  The legal and political environments in which the Company operates may make it more likely that laws will not be enforced and that judgments will not be upheld.  If Caledonia is unsuccessful in enforcing its rights under the agreements to which it is a party or judgments that have been granted, or if laws are not appropriately enforced, it could have a material adverse effect on Caledonia’s business, results of operations and financial performance.

Illegal mining
There has been an increase in illegal mining activities on properties controlled by Blanket.  This gives rise to increased security costs and an increased risk of theft and damage to equipment.  Blanket has received adequate support and assistance from the Zimbabwean police in investigating such cases.

Labor Relations
Most of the employees are members of the Associated Mine Workers Union of Zimbabwe.  Pay rates for all wage-earning staff are negotiated on a Zimbabwe industry-wide basis between the union and representatives of the mine owners.  Any industrial action called by the Union may affect the Company’s operations even though the Company’s operations may not be at the root cause of the action.
Strikes, lockouts or other work stoppages could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial performance.  In addition, any work stoppage or labor disruption at key customers or service providers could impede the Company’s ability to supply products, to receive critical equipment and supplies for its operations or to collect payment from customers encountering labor disruptions.  Work stoppages or other labor disruptions could increase the Company’s costs or impede its ability to operate one or more of its operations.

Environmental, Health and Safety Factors
The Company’s exploration, development and operations are subject to environment, health and safety laws and regulations (“EH&S”) in the countries in which the relevant activity is being conducted.  There is no assurance that future changes in EH&S, if any, will not adversely affect the Company’s exploration and development programs or its operations.  There is no assurance that regulatory and environmental approvals required under EH&S will be obtained on a timely basis or at all.
 
 
 
16

 
 
A breach of EH&S may result in the temporary suspension of operations, the imposition of fines, other penalties (including administrative penalties and regulatory prosecution), and government orders, which could potentially have a material adverse effect on operations.

Future Acquisitions
Caledonia continually seeks to replace and expand its reserves through the exploration of its existing properties and may expand through acquisitions of interests in new properties or of interests in companies which own such properties.  Acquisitions involve a number of risks, including: the possibility that the Company, as a successor owner, may be legally and financially responsible for liabilities of prior owners; the possibility that the Company may pay more than the acquired company or assets are worth; the additional expenses associated with completing an acquisition and amortizing any acquired intangible assets; the difficulty of integrating the operations and personnel of an acquired business; the challenge of implementing uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies throughout an acquired business; the inability to integrate, train, retain and motivate key personnel of an acquired business; and the potential disruption of the Company’s ongoing business and the distraction of management from its day-to-day operations.  These risks and difficulties, if they materialize, could disrupt the Company’s ongoing business, distract management, result in the loss of key personnel, increase expenses and otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial performance.


ITEM 4 - INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
 
A.  
History and Development of the Company
 
Caledonia was incorporated, effective February 5, 1992, by the amalgamation of three predecessor companies.  It exists pursuant to the Canada Business Corporations Act.

Following the creation of Caledonia its shares were listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange and quoted on the NASDAQ small caps market.   On October 16th 1998, Caledonia announced that NASDAQ would no longer quote Caledonia’s securities for trading.  Caledonia’s common stock then commenced trading on NASDAQ’s OTC Bulletin Board system.  In June 2005 Caledonia was admitted to the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market under the ticker symbol “CMCL”.  Its Toronto Stock Exchange trading symbol is “CAL”.  Effective October 10, 2011 the shares commenced trading in the U.S. on the OTCQX under the ticker symbol CALVF.

The addresses and telephone numbers of Caledonia’s principal offices are:
 
  African Office - South Africa Representational Offices - Canada
     
  Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited Suite 4009, 1 King Street West
  24, 9th Street, Lower Houghton Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2198 M5H 1A1
  South Africa (1)(416) 369-9835
  (27) 11 447 2499  
 

Background
In 1995 the Company acquired ownership of the shares of the companies which owned the Barbrook and Eersteling Mines in South Africa.  The original acquisition was of only 96.4% of the issued shares of Eersteling Gold Mining Company Limited with the remaining 3.6% being acquired in mid-2004. On May 31, 2008 an agreement to sell Barbrook Mine was concluded and Caledonia was paid the full purchase price of $9,130,000 by Eastern Goldfields SA Proprietary Limited.

Effective April 1, 2006 the Company purchased 100% of the issued shares of the Zimbabwean company, Caledonia Holdings Zimbabwe (Private) Ltd., which held the shares of Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited, the owner of the operating Blanket Gold Mine.  The purchase consideration was $1,000,000 (U.S.) and the issuance to the vendor of 20,000,000 shares in the capital of Caledonia.  Because the Company bought the shares of the company owning the Blanket Mine it thereby acquired all of the assets of that company and assumed all of its liabilities.
 
 
 
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Description of Our Business
Caledonia’s activities are focused in Southern Africa.  The Company’s business during the past three completed fiscal years has been focused primarily on: (i) the operation of the Blanket Mine; (ii) increasing gold production at Blanket Mine; and (iii) achieving the indigenisation of the Blanket Mine as described below.

The Company has, during the past three completed fiscal years, conducted exploration activities in Zimbabwe and Zambia.  The Company’s main exploration efforts have been focused on: (i) gold exploration in the vicinity of the Blanket Mine in Zimbabwe; and (ii) Nama Project in Zambia.

Generally, gold mining, development and exploration in Southern Africa is not seasonal, except where heavy seasonal rainfall can affect surface mining or exploration.

Total gold production at Blanket Mine in: (i) 2014, was 41,771 ounces (ii) 2013, was 45,530 ounces; (iii) 2012, was 45,464 ounces.  The aggregate production at Blanket Mine from January 1, 2015 to February 28, 2015 was 6,796 ounces.

Indigenization of Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited

In 2008, the Zimbabwean parliament passed the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act 2007, which stipulated that indigenous Zimbabwean citizens must hold at least 51% of all Zimbabwean companies.

On February 20, 2012, Caledonia announced it had signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Minister of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe, pursuant to which Caledonia agreed that indigenous Zimbabweans would acquire an effective 51% ownership interest in Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited at a transactional value of US$30.09 million.  Accordingly, Caledonia entered into agreements with each of the following indigenous shareholders to allow them to subscribe for an aggregate 51% ownership interest in Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited as follows:

 
·
a 16% interest was sold to the National Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Fund for US$11.74 million;
 
 
·
a 15% interest was sold to Fremiro Investments (Private) Limited (“Fremiro”), which is owned by indigenous Zimbabweans, for US$11.01 million;
 
 
·
a 10% interest was sold to Blanket Employee Trust Services (Private) Limited (“BETS”) for the benefit of present and future managers and employees of Blanket Mine for US$7.34 million. The shares in BETS are held by the Blanket Mine Employee Trust (“Employee Trust”) with Blanket’s employees holding participation units in the Employee Trust; and
 
 
·
a 10% interest was donated to the Gwanda Community Share Ownership Trust (“Community Trust”). Blanket paid a non-refundable donation of US$1 million to the Community Trust.
 
Effective November 14, 2012, four Zimbabweans were appointed to the Board of Directors of Blanket Limited, each representing one of the four entities to whom the 51% of the shares of Blanket were issued.  The other four directors of Blanket Limited are appointed by Caledonia.

Although a 51% shareholding in Blanket Mine was acquired by the Indigenisation Shareholders. The directors of Caledonia Holdings Zimbabwe (Private) Limited (“CHZ”) a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, performed an assessment, using the requirements of IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10), to determine whether Blanket Mine should continue to be consolidated by CHZ. Following the IFRS 10 assessment, it was concluded that CHZ retained control and should continue to consolidate Blanket Mine.

Employees

As of December 31, 2014, the Company’s employees comprised of 721 permanent employees and 307 contractors. Of this number, Blanket Mine has 707 permanent employees and 303 contractors.

Significant Acquisitions or Developments

Caledonia did not complete any significant dispositions or significant acquisitions for which disclosure is required since the end of the most recently completed financial year.
 
 
 
18

 
 
Subsequent Events

There were no material or significant events from December 31, 2014 to the date of the document.
 
 

 
 
19

 
 
B.  
Business Overview
 
Mining and Exploration Activities:

Gold Production

Blanket Mine (1983) Private Limited (“Blanket”)

Blanket currently sells its gold production to Fidelity in Harare Zimbabwe and in 2014 received 98.5% of the value of the gold contained in US dollars within 7 days of sale in full settlement.  This sales arrangement came into effect in January 2014, prior to this gold was sold to Metalor in Switzerland.  As from February 3, 2015, Blanket will receive 98.75% of the value of the gold sold to Fidelity Printers and Refiners:  all other terms of sale remain unchanged.

In terms of the regulations, from January 1, 2014 to September 30, 2014 Blanket Mine paid a 7% royalty on gold sales revenue to the Zimbabwe Government on a monthly basis.  With effect from October 1, 2014, the royalty rate was reduced to 5%.  Blanket Mine also pays an annual fee to protect the various claims amounting to approximately $120,000 pa. All fees and royalties are paid up to date.

Background

The mine is located approximately 560 km south of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe and 150 km south of Bulawayo, the country’s second largest city.  The town of Gwanda, the provincial capital of Matabeleland South, is located 16 km southeast of the mine and is approximately 197 km north north-west of the South African border post of Beit Bridge.  The mine is situated in the Gwanda Greenstone Belt from which gold was first produced in the 1800’s.  Blanket holds extensive exploration properties throughout this belt. The Blanket property was first staked in 1904 with mining and metallurgical plant operations starting in 1906 and has since produced over a million ounces of gold.
 
Geological Setting
 
Like most of the gold mines in Zimbabwe, Blanket is situated in a typical greenstone terrain, the 70 km long by 15 km wide Gwanda Greenstone belt.  This terrain comprises supra crustal metavolcanic rocks similar to those found in the Barberton area of South Africa and the Abitibi area of Canada.  The Blanket property is the largest of the three remaining large gold producers, from a gold resource area that has given rise to no less than 268 gold mines.

Property Geology
 
Blanket is part of the group of mines that makes up the North Western Mining camp also called the Sabiwa group of mines. Blanket’s deposits extending from Sabiwa and Jethro in the south, through Blanket itself to the Feudal, AR South, AR Main, Sheet, Eroica and Lima ore bodies.   The geological sequence strikes north-south, dips vertically and consists, from east to west, of a basal felsic unit which is not known to be mineralized.  It is generally on this lithology type that the various mine tailings disposal sites have been located.  Above this basal felsic unit is the ultramafic unit that includes the banded iron formations hosting the eastern ‘dormant’ cluster of mines and the mineralized bodies of the adjacent Vubachikwe Mine complex.   The active Blanket bodies (sections) are found on the overlying unit, the mafics and an andesitic unit which lies to the west, caps this whole stratigraphy.  A regional dolerite sill cuts the entire sequence from Vubachikwe through Blanket to the Smiler prospect.  Ore bodies at Blanket are epigenetic and are associated with a syn-metamorphic regionally developed deformation zone characterized by areas of high strain, wrapping around relatively un-deformed remnants of the original basaltic lava flows.  It is within the higher strain regime (highly sheared rocks) that the majority of the ore bodies are located.
 
Production Operations
 
Mining Operations
 
Following the completion of the No. 4 Shaft Expansion Project in late 2010, the underground mining areas can produce up to 1,200 tons of ore daily using predominately long-hole open stoping methods. Blanket Mine now produces approximately 42,000 ounces of gold per year.  In November 2014 Blanket embarked on a Revised Investment Plan (“Revised Plan”) the objectives of which are to improve the underground infrastructure and logistics and allow an efficient and sustainable production build-up.  In addition to the completion of the existing No. 6 Winze project, the infrastructure improvements will include the development of a “Tramming Loop” and the sinking of a new 6-meter diameter Central Shaft from surface to 1,080 meters.  The increased investment pursuant to the Revised Plan is expected to give rise to production from inferred resources of approximately 70-75,000 ounces in 2021, this being in addition to projected production in 2021 from proven and probable mineral reserves of approximately 6,000 ounces.  The Revised Plan is also expected to improve Blanket’s long term operational efficiency, flexibility and sustainability.
 
A preliminary economic assessment (the “PEA”) has been prepared in respect of the inferred resources which is preliminary in nature and includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be classified as mineral reserves.  There is no certainty that the PEA will be realised. The PEA was published on December 2, 2015 and is available on the System for Electronic Data Analysis and Retrieval at www.sedar.com and Caledonia’s website (www.caledoniamining.com).
 
 
 
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Metallurgical Process
 
In terms of Blanket’s Revised Plan the crushing and milling circuits will be expanded to handle 3,000 tons of ore per day capacity by additions and improvements to them. Their throughput capacity is more than sufficient to handle the planned increases in mine production from the No. 6 Winze Project and the Central Shaft.

All run of mine ore is crushed  underground to minus 150mm, hoisted to surface and crushed to minus 12mm in the surface 2-stage crushing circuit.  This material is then currently fed into two 1.8m by 3.6m rod mills where it is milled down to approximately 70% passing 75 microns, after which the milled slurry is pumped through two 30 inch Knelson Gravity Gold Concentrators where approximately 49% of total mill gold production is recovered as ‘gravity’ concentrate.  The Knelson Concentrator tails are pumped through cyclones whose underflow reports to the open-circuit regrind ball mill.  The product from the Knelson tails cyclone overflow and the regrind mill discharge are pumped into a carbon-in-leach (“CIL”) plant consisting of eight, 600 cubic meter leach tanks where alkaline-cyanide leaching and simultaneous absorption of dissolved gold onto granular activated carbon takes place.  During 2014 the Pressure Swing Absorption (“PSA”) plant which produces oxygen was re-commissioned and produces oxygen at approximately half of the cost of purchased liquid oxygen.  Oxygen from the PSA plant is now sparged in the CIL system, which has improved recovery and also reduced cyanide consumption.  Elution of the gold from the loaded carbon and subsequent electro-winning are done on site.  During electro winning the gold is deposited on steel wool cathodes, the loaded cathodes are acid-digested and the resultant gold solids from this acid digestion together with the re-dressed gold concentrate from Knelson Concentrators are smelted into Dore bars. The granular activated carbon is kiln regenerated before it is re-circulated back to the CIL section. The CIL plant has an overall design capacity of 3,800 tons of milled ore per day.
 
The Dore bars are delivered and sold, as required by Zimbabwean law, to Zimbabwe Government-operated Fidelity. In 2014, Blanket received 98.5% of the value of the gold sold to Fidelity.  With effect from February 3, 2015, Blanket receives 98.75% of the value of the gold delivered and sold to Fidelity.  Blanket gets paid in US dollars into its Zimbabwean bank account within 7 days of delivery.

 
 
 
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Mineral Reserve Calculations

A technical report entitled “A Technical Report on the Blanket Mine in the Gwanda Area, Zimbabwe” (the “Technical Report”) relating to the Blanket Mine, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, was prepared by Minxcon Proprietary Limited, (“Minxcon”), in compliance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards for Disclosure of Mineral Projects of the Canadian Securities Administrators (“NI 43-101”), and was published on December 2, 2014.
 
Minxcon is a mining industry consulting company based in South Africa.  Minxcon reviewed the mineral reserve and mineral resource calculation procedures for the Blanket Mine as at August 31, 2014.  Minxcon’s mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates are set out in the following tables:

MINERAL RESOURCES – August 31, 2014
Mineral Resource Category
Tonnes
(metric)
Grade
(Au g/t)
Gold Content (ounces)
Measured Resources
1,572,700
3.91
197,600
Indicated Resources
2,478,900
3.77
300,300
Total Measured and Indicated
4,051,600
3.82
497,900
Inferred Resources*
3,344,800
5.11
550,000
Notes:
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves**.
Resource estimate is based on a gold price of US$1,300/oz
Mineral Resources are stated at a 1.96 g/t cut-off.
Tonnages and ounces are rounded to the nearest 100.
Tonnages are stated at an in-situ relative density of 2.86 t/m3.
Inferred Resources are expressed separately from the Measured and Indicated category.
 
Note *    Inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined economically or legally. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of the inferred resource will be upgraded to a higher resource or reserve category.

MINERAL RESERVES – August 31, 2014
Mineral Reserve Category
Tonnnes
(metric)
Grade
(Au g/t)
Gold Content (ounces)
Proven Reserves
856,000
3.40
93,640
Probable Reserves
2,077,800
3.78
252,760
Total Proven & Probable Reserves
2,933,800
3.67
346,400
Notes:
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves**.
Reserve estimate is based on a gold price of US$1,250/oz and a cash cost of US$71/tonnes milled.
Blanket pay limit is 2.03 g/t.
Reserve tonnages have been diluted by 7.5% at zero grade to yield RoM tonnages (delivered to mill).
Tonnages and ounces are rounded to the nearest 100.

Note **  Prior to the preparation of the Minxcon Technical Report, Blanket Mine reported resources exclusive of reserves. However, as the mine matured an increasing proportion of the “reserve” accumulated in pillars which are unlikely to be mined in the immediate future. In order to distinguish between the currently available reserves and pillar blocks which are not immediately available, Blanket Mine’s Technical Department has elected to report mineral resources inclusive of mineral reserves. Accordingly, these pillar tonnages are now reported under the Measured Resource category until they are scheduled in the mine plan.


Cautionary note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Inferred and Indicated Resources.

The above tables use the terms “inferred resources” and “indicated resources.”  While these terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the US Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize them.  They have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic feasibility.  It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred or Indicated Mineral Resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.  Investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred or indicated resource exists or is economically mineable.
 
 
 
22

 
 
The full Technical Report can be viewed on the Company’s website – www.caledoniamining.com or under the Company’s profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com.

Since the calculation of the above August 31, 2014 figures, the Company has mined 131,500 tons with an average recovered gold grade of 3.16 grams per ton, the majority of which has been from within the reserve blocks to produce 13,349 ounces of gold at a recovery of 93.2%.   An updated internal estimate of Blanket’s mineral reserves and resources as at December 31, 2014 has been prepared by Blanket Mines’ Technical Department following the standards and procedures required by NI 43-101. In preparing the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates, the following assumptions and modifying factors were applied. A cut-off grade (pay limit) of 2.03 g/t based on a gold price of US$1,250/oz, was applied. Tonnages were increased by 7.5% to allow for dilution at zero grade and the grade adjusted accordingly. A metallurgical recovery of 93% was applied, marginally less than the 3 year historical 93.3% recovered grade.  The Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates included in this report have been reviewed and approved by Dr Pearton, Caledonia’s Qualified Person and the results are presented in the following tables:

MINERAL RESOURCES – December 31, 2014
Mineral Resource Category
Tonnes
(metric)
Grade
(Au g/t)
Gold Content (ounces)
Measured Resources
1,547,400
3.89
193,700
Indicated Resources
2,493,400
3.75
300,250
Total Measured and Indicated
4,040,800
3.80
493,950
Inferred Resources*
3,344,800
5.11
550,000
Notes:
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves**.
Resource estimate is based on a gold price of US$1,300/oz
Mineral Resources are stated at a 1.96 g/t cut-off.
Tonnages and ounces are rounded to the nearest 100.
Tonnages are stated at an in-situ relative density of 2.86 t/m3.
Inferred Resources are expressed separately from the Measured and Indicated category.
 
Note *    Inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined economically or legally. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of the inferred resource will be upgraded to a higher resource or reserve category.

MINERAL RESERVES – December 31, 2014
Mineral Reserve Category
Tonnnes
(metric)
Grade
(Au g/t)
Gold Content (ounces)
Proven Reserves
872,900
3.33
93,550
Probable Reserves
2,034,000
3.60
235,650
Total Proven & Probable Reserves
2,906,900
3.52
329,200
Notes:
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves**.
Reserve estimate is based on a gold price of US$1,250/oz and a cash cost of US$71/tonnes milled.
Blanket pay limit is 2.03 g/t.
Reserve tonnages have been diluted by 7.5% at zero grade to yield RoM tonnages (delivered to mill).
Tonnages and ounces are rounded to the nearest 100.

Relative to the independent estimate of mineral resources and mineral reserves as at August 31, 2014, the Reserves have decreased by 0.9% in terms of tonnage.  Resources expressed in terms of tonnage have declined by 0.3% over the same period.

While Blanket Mine has generally recorded 100% conversion of resources to reserves (past 10 years), this high rate of conversion cannot be assumed to occur in future. Blanket Mine is situated in a country which is widely considered to be politically unstable, and this may impact on the reserve life of the mine which at present is estimated at between 7 and 8 years based on the current mine plan. However, Blanket Mine is fully indigenized and compliant with all legislation within Zimbabwe and as such is expected to be able to operate within normal business parameters for the foreseeable future.
 
 
 
23

 
 
Dr. Trevor Pearton, B.Sc. Eng. (Mining Geology), Ph.D. (Geology), Pr.Sci.Nat., F.G.S.S.A., VP Exploration is the Company’s Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101.  Dr. Pearton has reviewed the scientific and technical information included in this document and has approved the disclosure of this information for the purposes of the Form 20-F to be filed with the SEC.

MINE UNDER CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Eersteling Gold Mining Company Limited

This mine remains under care and maintenance. Interested parties continue to investigate the merits of purchasing the mine and the Company continues to seek a suitable purchaser.
 
MARKETING
 
From 2009 until December 2014, Blanket was entitled to export and sell its entire gold production in its own name.   However since January 2014 Blanket is required to deliver and sell its entire gold production to Fidelity which is an organization controlled by the Zimbabwe authorities. To date, Blanket has received all payments due from Fidelity in full and on time.

KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS
 
Following completion of the No. 4 Shaft Expansion Project in late 2010, the underground mining areas can produce up to 1,200 tons of ore daily using predominately long-hole open stoping methods. The Revised Plan provides for proposed investment of approximately US$50 million between 2015 and 2017 and a further US$20 million in the period 2018 to 2020.  The increased investment pursuant to the Revised Plan is expected to give rise to an increasing production profile that is expected to result in additional production from resources currently in the inferred category of approximately 70-75,000 ounces in 2021, this being in addition to projected production in 2021 from current mineral reserves of approximately 6,000 ounces.  The Revised Plan is also expected to improve Blanket’s long term operational efficiency, flexibility and sustainability.
 
A PEA has been prepared in respect of the inferred resources which is preliminary in nature and includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be classified as mineral reserves.  There is no certainty that the PEA will be realized.  The PEA was published on December 2 2015 and is available on the System for Electronic Data Analysis and Retrieval at www.sedar.com and Caledonia’s website (www.caledoniamining.com).
 
OPERATIONAL REVIEW AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Safety, Health and Environment (“SHE”)
 
The following safety statistics have been recorded for the quarter and the preceding six quarters.

Blanket Mine Safety Statistics
 
 
 
Incident Classification
Q2
2013
Q3
2013
Q4
2013
Q1
2014
Q2
2014
Q3
2014
Q4
2014
Fatal
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Lost time injury
1
7
2
1
2
2
1
Restricted work activity
7
5
9
6
4
12
9
First aid
2
2
0
2
2
4
0
Medical aid
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
Occupational illness
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
13
17
14
12
10
20
11
Incidents
12
11
17
10
6
4
19
Near misses
4
7
3
2
2
4
1
Disability Injury Frequency Rate (i)
0.25
1.75
0.46
0.24
0.49
0.49
0.24
Total Injury Frequency Rate (ii)
3.25
4.00
3.20
2.86
2.46
4.94
4.32
Man-hours worked (thousands)
801
800
865
840
812
810
833
 
(i)  A measurement of total injuries, deaths and permanent disability occurring per 200,000 man-hours worked.
(ii) A measurement of all accidents that have occurred regardless of injury or not expressed per 200,000 man-hours worked.  This includes accidents that could have caused injuries.

 
 
24

 
 
The number of injuries incurred in Q4 was 45% lower than in the preceding quarter and reflects the intensive focus on the area of safety and health by Blanket management in recent quarters.  Management continues to be concerned at the relatively high proportion of reportable injuries compared to total incidents and the relatively low number of reported Near Misses, which may be symptomatic of a failure by workers to report minor incidents which did not result in an injury.  It is only by full and transparent reporting of all incidents, no matter how minor, that management can identify areas where systems and procedures should be improved or where adherence to approved procedures needs to be reinforced.  NOSA, an occupational health and safety specialist, continues to be involved in training staff on SHE auditing.
 
During the Quarter, in addition to the usual training courses, 154 personnel received induction training and 238 employees were trained on incident investigation and the implementation of the SHE management systems.
 
There were no significant adverse environmental issues during 2014.

Social Investment and Contribution to the Zimbabwean Economy
 
Blanket’s investment in community and social projects which are not directly related to the operation of the mine or the welfare of Blanket’s employees, the payments made to the Gwanda Community Share Ownership Trust (“GCSOT”) in terms of Blanket’s indigenisation, and payments of royalties, taxation and other non-taxation charges to the Government of Zimbabwe and its agencies are set out in the table below.

Payments to the Community and the Zimbabwe Government
(US$’000’s)
 
Period
Year
Community and Social Investment
Payments to GCSOT
Payments to Zimbabwe Government
Total
Year 2011
2011
306
-
13,614
13,920
Quarter 1
2012
147
-
3,353
3,500
Quarter 2
2012
38
1,000
5,042
6,080
Quarter 3
2012
108
2,000
6,366
8,474
Quarter 4
2012
123
-
5,808
5,931
Year 2012
2012
416
3,000
20,569
23,985
Quarter 1
2013
5
1,000
4,584
5,589
Quarter 2
2013
2,135
1,000
3,555
6,690
Quarter 3
2013
7
-
3,646
3,653
Quarter 4
2013
-
-
3,569
3,569
Year 2013
2013
2,147
2,000
15,354
19,501
Quarter 1
 2014
    -
-
3,026
3,026
Quarter 2
 2014
   5
-
 3,617
3,622
Quarter 3
 2014
   -
-
3,090
3,090
Quarter 4
 2014
30
-
2,586
2,616
Year 2014
2014
             35
-
12,319
       12,354

The final installment of the advance dividend payments that were payable to GCSOT in terms of Blanket’s indigenisation transaction was made in the second quarter of 2013.  No further dividends will be payable to GCSOT until the advance dividends have been repaid by the offset of future dividends on Blanket shares that are owned by GCSOT.  From January 1, 2014, Blanket has sold its gold production to Fidelity, a subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe.  Blanket was paid 98.5% of the value of the gold it delivers to Fidelity, the balance of 1.5% is retained by Fidelity and is included in the payments shown above.  With effect from February 3, 2015 Blanket is expected to receive 98.75% of the value of the gold it delivers to Fidelity.

 
25

 
Gold Production
 
Tonnes milled, average grades, recoveries and gold produced and the average realised price per ounce during the Quarter, the preceding 7 quarters and January and February 2015 are shown in the table below.
 
Blanket Mine Production Statistics
 
 
Year
Tons Milled
(t)
Gold Head (Feed) Grade (g/t Au)
Gold Recovery
(%)
Gold Produced
(oz)
Average Realised Price per Ounce of Gold Sold
(US$/oz)
Quarter 1
2012
83,353
3.67
93.2
9,164
1,689
Quarter 2
2012
90,315
4.24
93.9
11,560
1,597
Quarter 3
2012
93,049
4.59
94.1
12,918
1,673
Quarter 4
2012
96,598
4.08
93.3
11,821
1,711
Year
2012
363,315
4.16
93.7
45,464
1,666
Quarter 1
2013
86,502
4.04
93.3
10,470
1,600
Quarter 2
2013
101,174
3.82
93.2
11,588
1,373
Quarter 3
2013
99,386
4.03
93.6
12,043
1,330
Quarter 4
2013
105,258
3.63
93.1
11,429
1,277
Year
2013
392,320
3.88
93.3
45,530
1,402
Quarter 1
2014
92,846
3.67
93.6
10,241
1,269
Quarter 2
2014
99,229
3.74
94.1
11,223
1,271
Quarter 3
2014
98,575
3.34
93.4
  9,890
1,256
Quarter 4
2014
100,085
3.47
93.2
10,417
1,260
Year
2014
390,735
3.55
93.4
41,771
1,265
January
2015
38,582
3.10
92.9
3,573
1,268
February
2015
33,308
3.25
92.7
3,223
1,212

Gold production in the Quarter increased from the preceding quarter due to the higher grade and increased tonnes processed the effects of which were partially offset by a slight reduction in gold recovery.  Combined production in January and February 2015 was on target.
 
Production Costs
 
A narrow focus on the direct costs of production (mainly labour, electricity and consumables) does not fully reflect the total cost of gold production.  Accordingly, cost per ounce data for the Quarter, the Year and the comparative quarter and year have been prepared in accordance with the Guidance Note issued by the World Gold Council on June 23, 2013 and is set out in the table below on the following bases:
 
i.  
On-mine Cost per ounce(i), which shows the on-mine cash costs of producing an ounce of gold;
 
ii.  
All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce(i), which shows the On-mine Cost per ounce plus additional costs incurred outside the mine (i.e. at offices in Harare, Johannesburg and Toronto) and the costs associated with maintaining the operating infrastructure and resource base  that are required to maintain production at the current levels; and
 
iii.  
All-in Cost per ounce(i), which shows the All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce plus the additional costs associated with activities that are undertaken with a view to increasing production.
 
 
26

 
 
Blanket Mine: Cost per Ounce of Gold Sold
(US$/oz)
 
   
Year
2012
      Q4 2013    
Year
2013
      Q4 2014    
Year
2014
 
On-Mine Cost (i)
    570       666       613       704       652  
Royalty(i)
    116       89       98       59       82  
Permitting costs related to current operations
    5       3       3       3       3  
3rd party smelting, refining and transport costs
    6       6       7       -       -  
Operating cost per ounce
    698       766       721       766       736  
Corporate general and administrative costs (incl. share based remuneration)
    90       207       167       265       173  
Community costs included in G&A not related to current production
                    (44 )                
Reclamation and remediation of operating sites
    2       5       2       2       2  
Exploration and study costs
    -       5       2       3       3  
Capital expenditure
    67       213       125       82       55  
All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce (i)
    857       1,196       973       1,118       969  
Costs not related to current production
                                       
Community costs
    25       -       47       -       -  
Permitting costs
    17       1       2       1       1  
Exploration and study costs
    -       4       3       2       2  
Capital expenditure
    29       97       78       76       89  
All-in Cost per ounce (i)
    929       1,298       1,103       1,198       1,062  
   
 
Per-ounce costs are calculated on the basis of sales and not production, so that an accurate value can be ascribed to the royalty. The ounces of gold sold in 2014 were 4.7% and 5.0% lower than in 2013 and 2012 respectively.  Approximately 60% of Blanket’s costs are fixed, therefore lower production and sales results in a higher cost per ounce for 2014 when compared to 2013 and 2012.  The average grade of ore milled in 2014 was 3.55g/t compared to 3.88 g/t in 2013 and 4.16 g/t in 2012 as discussed further below.  Unit mining and processing costs are determined by the tonnage of material processed, irrespective of the gold contained.  Thus the lower grades tend to increase the cost per ounce of gold produced.  The On-Mine Cost per ounce in the Quarter and the Year remained within the anticipated range, given the actual level of sales and the actual grade of the material processed. Certain changes to the mining method at the AR Main body have tended to increase On-Mine Costs in Quarter 4.  The incidence of working capital at the end of Q4 in each year has the effect of increasing the Q4 cost per ounce.
 
The royalty is payable to the Zimbabwean government.  The reduction in the royalty cost per ounce in Q4 of 2014 reflects the reduction in the royalty rate from 7% to 5% with effect from October 1, 2014.  The lower royalty per ounce in 2014 compared to previous years reflects the lower gold price.  Third party smelting and refining costs have reduced significantly since Blanket commenced sales of gold to Fidelity Printers and Refiners in Zimbabwe.  From January 1, 2014, such charges have been absorbed into revenues and are therefore shown as a reduction in the realised price of gold.
 
Corporate general and administrative costs increased in the quarter due to higher legal and consulting fees, a significant proportion of which were incurred in respect of events and activities which are not expected to recur.  Management has taken measures which are expected to progressively reduce the dollar-cost of general and administrative costs over the course of 2015.  Thereafter, the general and administrative cost per ounce is expected to decrease further as production increases from 2016 onwards in terms of the revised life of mine plan.
 
Sustaining capital expenditure varies from quarter to quarter depending on the timing of the purchase of specific higher value items of equipment. Over the course of 2014, sustaining capital investment was close to the target of approximately $50 per ounce.
 
Expansion capital investment includes investment in respect of Blanket’s capital projects. In terms of Blanket’s Revised Plan, which was announced on November 3, 2014, capital investment is expected to increase significantly in 2015, 2016 and 2017 before the resultant increases in production materialise.  Thus the expansion capital investment cost per ounce of gold sold is expected to increase substantially in future years.
 
Cost per ounce
 
Non-IFRS performance measures such as “On-Mine Cost per ounce”, “All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce” and “All-in Cost per ounce” are used in this document.  Management believes these measures assist investors and other stakeholders in understanding the economics of gold mining over the life-cycle of a mine.  These measures are calculated on the basis set out by the World Gold Council in a Guidance Note published on June 23, 2013 and accordingly differ from the previous basis of calculation.  The table below reconciles “On-mine Cost per ounce”, “All-in Sustaining Costs per ounce” and “All-in Cost per ounce” to the production costs shown in the financial statements which have been prepared under IFRS.
 
 
 
27

 
 
Reconciliation of IFRS Production Costs
 
 
Year
2012
Q4
2013
Year
2013
Q4
2014
Year
2014
Production costs (IFRS) (C$’000’s)
25,653
5,919
27,412
7,082
30,812
Less site restoration costs (C$’000’s)
(43)
(78)
(151)
41
(32)
Less exploration costs (C$’000’)
(831)
(121)
(393)
(89)
(379)
Reversal of claim fee provision (C$’000’s)
-
970
970
-
-
Reallocated admin costs
(247)
(65)
(337)
(508)
(466)
Realisation charges (i)
-
(284)
(284)
-
-
Non-Blanket production costs
(121)
(27)
(102)
317
-
Inter company profit elimination
1,353
331
1,332
599
727
Adjusted production costs (C$’000’s)
25,764
6,645
28,447
7,443
30,662
Exchange rate (US$1 to C$)
1.00
1.06
1.03
1.10
1.10
On-mine  Production costs (US$’000’s )
25,769
6,301
27,619
6,766
27,969
Gold Sales (oz)
45,181
9,454
45,048
9,604
42,927
On-mine Cost (US$/oz)
570
666
613
704
652
Royalty (US$’000’s)
5,262
845
4,412
568
3,521
Permitting costs (US$’000’s)
225
33
135
25
110
Refining and 3rd party smelting (US$’000’s) (i)
290
60
301
-
-
Administrative expenses (C$’000’s) (ii)
4,055
2,067
7,772
2,687
8,157
Exchange rate (US$1 to C$)
1.00
1.06
1.03
1.10
1.10
Administrative expenses (US$’000’s)
4,056
1,960
7,532
2,446
7,441
Community cost not related to current production
   
(2,000)
   
Reclamation and remediation of operating sites (US$’000)
90
45
107
19
75
Exploration and study costs (US$’000’s)
3
43
85
26
120
Sustaining capital investment (US$’000’s)
3,044
2,017
5,653
785
2,348
All-in Sustaining cost (US$’000)
38,739
11,303
43,844
10,634
41,485
Gold sales (oz)
45,181
9,454
45,048
9,604
42,927
All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce (US$/oz)
857
1,196
973
1,118
969
Costs not related to current production
         
Community costs (US$’000’s)
1,137
-
2,100
-
-
Permitting (US$’000’s)
785
14
106
14
55
Exploration (US$’000’s)
15
38
120
23
106
Capital investment (US$’000’s)
1,306
917
3,530
733
3,833
All-in Costs (US$’000’s)
41,981
12,272
49,701
11,403
45,479
Gold Sold (oz)
45,181
9,454
45,047
9,604
42,927
All-in Cost per ounce (US$/oz)
929
1,298
1,103
1,198
1,062

 
(i)
Third party smelting and refining costs have reduced significantly since Blanket commenced sales of gold to Fidelity Printers and Refiners in Zimbabwe.  From January 1, 2014, such charges have been absorbed into revenues and are therefore shown as a reduction in the realised price of gold.
 
(ii)
In 2013 the Administrative expenses were shown in the reconciliation net of the US$2 million community cost not related to current production.  The 2013 administrative expense for 2013 in the reconciliation is now shown inclusive of this amount which corresponds to the Administrative expense set out in the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2013.  This amount, in addition to a further amount of US$100,000, is shown as a community cost not related to current production in the reconciliation.
 
 
28

 
Underground
 
Low grades continue to be encountered at AR Main due to internal waste and this situation is expected to continue for several quarters.  The average head grade achieved over the entire mining operations in the Quarter was 3.47 g/t, which compares to target grade of 3.83 g/t.  To minimise dilution at AR Main and improve grade control, the mining method at AR Main has been changed from long-hole stoping to short-hole sub-level benching and this contributed to a slight improvement in the average achieved head grade from 3.34 g/t, which was achieved in the previous quarter.
 
Production early in the Quarter was adversely affected by the introduction of capital equipment onto 22-Level to commence work on the Tramming Loop.  Tonnes hoisted in the quarter were approximately 4% lower than target.  By the end of the quarter, the situation had improved following the introduction of an additional locomotive on 22-Level.
 
To address the lower grades and reduced mining rate at AR Main, new production areas have been opened up at Lima and Eroica.  The new production areas are further away from the No. 4 Shaft, which is the main rock-hoisting shaft, and this has put further pressure on the single-track underground haulage system. This constraint is being addressed by the development of the Tramming Loop, which is part of the Revised Plan, and will, when complete in mid-2015, significantly improve the ability to haul mineralised material and waste.
 
On November 3, 2014 Caledonia announced the Revised Plan for Blanket Mine.  The objectives of the Revised Plan are to improve the underground infrastructure and logistics and allow an efficient and sustainable production build-up.  The infrastructure improvements include the development of a “Tramming Loop” parallel to the existing 22 Level haulage, which allows one-way travel and facilitates tramming efficiency.
 
Blanket’s installed compressor capacity during 2014 was only just sufficient to provide the required amount of compressed air.  Any breakdowns of this equipment meant there was insufficient compressed air to carry out production as well as development work: in these circumstances development work was suspended in order to maintain production.  Installation of the new Centac compressor remained stalled due to the continued inability of the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Corporation, the state-owned electricity distribution company, to service their faulty transformer and equipment.  Blanket has therefore purchased its own transformer which was commissioned in January 2015 and has significantly improved the supply of compressed air with the Centac now operational.
 
Blanket’s 2015 budget includes provision for the recruitment of additional workers so that leave requirements can be accommodated without a resultant loss in shifts.
 
Metallurgical Plant
 
During 2014 the metallurgical plant continued to operate at budgeted efficiency – recovery was 93.2%, compared to the target of 93.3%.  Throughput was 47.5 tonnes per hour compared to the planned throughput of 51.0 tonnes per hour.  All equipment operated to expectations and no significant unplanned downtime was experienced.
 
Capital Projects
 
The main capital developments are:
 
 
·
the Tramming Loop;
 
·
the No. 6 Winze Project - Shaft Deepening from 750 to the 930 meter level; and
 
·
the haulage extension on 22 Level from AR Main to Lima;
 
·
the Central Shaft
 
Further information on these Projects is set out below.
 
Tramming Loop
The Tramming Loop is being developed on 22 Level to improve underground logistics by increasing the amount of mineralized material and waste that can be transported to the No. 4 Shaft.  Work on the Tramming Loop commenced at the end of October 2014.  Of the 800 meters required to complete the loop, 16 meters had been completed at November 7, 2014.  As at the end of February 2015, 450 meters had been completed and this project is on schedule for completion as planned.
 
 
29

 
 
No. 6 Winze Project - Shaft deepening to 930 meters
 
The No. 6 Winze Project will provide access to the four Blanket resource bodies below 22 Level, viz. Blanket 1 Ore Body, Blanket 2 Ore Body, Blanket 4 Ore Body and Blanket Quartz Reef.  The pre-production capital cost of this project is estimated to be US$5 million, which will be funded from Blanket’s internal cash flows.  Progress on sinking was hampered by the continued inability to clear waste rock using mechanical cleaning.  Removal of waste is now done manually and sinking progress is now at an acceptable rate.  The shaft reached 890 meters below surface, which will be the main production level and the main station has been mined at this level.  A further 40 meters remains to be sunk to accommodate rock handling facilities.  This project is expected to be completed according to the revised schedule at the end of July 2015.
 
22 Level Haulage Extension
The 22 Level haulage extension will eventually complete the link between all sections of the Blanket Mine, from the Blanket Section to the Lima section in the north over a distance of 2,000 meters on the 22 Level (750 meters below surface).  Work on the 22 Level haulage has been temporarily suspended so that work can progress with the Tramming Loop.  To date, the haulage has advanced as far as Eroica where reef development is taking place between 750m and 630m.  This work will provide access to the depth continuity of Eroica where an inferred resource of 300,000 tonnes at a gold grade of 3.5g/t has been outlined.

Central Shaft
The Central Shaft is the main component of the Revised Plan.  Sinking work on the Central Shaft is scheduled to commence in July 2015.  The shaft sinking methodology has been amended:  instead of the shaft being sunk in two simultaneous phases, the shaft will now be sunk in one single continuous phase from surface to 1,080 meters.  The estimated completion date of the shaft has been moved from mid-2017 to early 2018.  This change has no effect on the projected timing for the start of production from the Central Shaft and no adverse effect on economic return arising from the project as set out in the PEA.  Early in 2015 work commenced on clearing the ground so that pre-sink work can commence in late March, 2015.  Also in 2015, two 3,100 kW double-drum winders have been purchased which, once refurbished, will be adequate for the sinking phase and eventual production and have the capability to reach a  depth of 2,000 meters below surface.

Outlook
 
On November 3, 2014 Caledonia announced the Revised Plan and production projections for the Blanket Mine. The objectives of the Revised Plan are to improve the underground infrastructure and logistics and allow an efficient and sustainable production build-up.  The infrastructure improvements will include the development of a “Tramming Loop” and the sinking of a new 6-meter diameter Central Shaft from surface to 1,080 meters.
 
The Revised Plan provides for proposed investment of approximately US$50 million between 2015 and 2017 and a further US$20 million in the period 2018 to 2020.  The increased investment pursuant to the Revised Plan is expected to give rise to an increasing production profile that is expected to result in additional production from resources currently in the inferred category of approximately 70-75,000 ounces in 2021, this being in addition to projected production in 2021 from current mineral reserves of approximately 6,000 ounces.  The Revised Plan is also expected to improve Blanket’s long term operational efficiency, flexibility and sustainability.
 
The Revised Plan includes a revised life of mine plan for the Blanket Mine (the “LOM Plan”) in terms of which it is anticipated that the approximate production from existing proven and probable mineral reserves above 750 m level will be as set out below.
 
Approximate production from proven and probable mineral reserves above 750m (per LOM Plan)
 
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Tonnes milled (‘000)
430
460
430
380
230
100
50
Gold production (koz)
42
45
43
39
23
10
6
 
 
30

 
The new Central Shaft and the deepening of No 6 winze will provide access to the current inferred mineral resources below 750 meters and allow for further exploration, development and mining in these sections along the known Blanket strike, which is approximately 3 kilometers in length.  The PEA has been prepared in respect of the inferred mineral resources below 750 meters.  Based on the PEA, additional approximate production from current inferred mineral resources (excluding the projected production set out above) may be achieved in the following indicative ranges:
 
Possible production from inferred mineral resources below 750m
(per PEA)
 
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Tonnes milled (‘000)
0
35
160
215
390
550
600
Gold production (koz)
0
4-5
20-22
27-30
46-50
63-67
70-75
 
Canadian regulations do not allow planned production from inferred resources to be added to those from proven and probable reserves for disclosure purposes.
 
Minxcon completed a scoping level study on Blanket’s revised LOM Plan in the form of a PEA, a summary of which is included in the Technical Report. The key conclusions arising from the PEA are as follows:
 
 
·
the IRR arising from the Revised Plan was calculated at 267 per cent;
 
·
the NPV for the Blanket Mine arising from reserves and the inferred resources used in the Revised Plan was calculated at US$147 million; and
 
·
of the gold that will need to be produced so that the cumulative cash flow arising from the Revised Plan becomes positive (i.e. the “Payback Area”), only 3 per cent will come from resources that are currently classified as inferred.
 
The Technical Report was authored by Daan van Heerden, Uwe Englemann, Dario Clemente, Johan Odendaal and Jaco Burger of Minxcon, each of whom is a qualified person who is independent of Caledonia for the purposes of National Instrument 43-101.  The Technical Report, which includes the PEA, is available for download on the System for Electronic Data Analysis and Retrieval at www.sedar.com or from Caledonia’s website at www.caledoniamining.com
 
The PEA is preliminary in nature and includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves.  There is no certainty that the PEA will be realized. Diamond drilling and development will continue with the objective of increasing confidence in order to upgrade the categorization of the resources.   The most important assumptions on which the PEA is based include, a gold price of US$1,250 per ounce, achievement of the targeted production set out above and the accuracy of the projected capital costs.
 
EXPLORATION AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
 
Caledonia’s primary exploration activities are focused on the growth and development of Blanket Mine and its satellite properties.
 
Blanket Exploration
 
Exploration activities on Blanket Mine target the depth extensions of the current Blanket ore bodies as well as the AR Main and AR South ore bodies and involves drilling downhole from chambers on 18 and 22 Levels to intersect the depth continuation of these ore bodies.  Drilling activities in 2014 were hampered by numerous machine breakdowns.
 
Caledonia has a conservative approach to accruing new resources: only resource blocks with an estimated grade in excess of the current pay limit are taken into account.  Resources that are below the pay limit are reviewed on an annual basis.
 
Blanket Satellite Prospects
 
Blanket Mine has exploration title holdings in the form of registered mining claims in the Gwanda Greenstone Belt totalling 78 claims, including a small number under option, covering properties with a total area of about 2,500 hectares. Included within these claim areas are 18 previously operated small gold workings which warrant further exploration, i.e. the Satellite Projects.  Blanket’s main exploration efforts on these satellite properties are focused at this stage on the GG Project and the Mascot Project Area which, based on past production records, are likely to have the greatest potential.
 
 
 
31

 
GG Project
 
The GG Project is located approximately seven kilometers southeast of Blanket Mine.  Surface drilling programs have been carried out at the GG Project over the past eight years consisting of 24 diamond-cored holes totaling 6,360 meters of drilling.  Two zones of gold mineralization have been established down to a depth of at least 300 meters, each with a potential strike length of up to 150 meters. Current activities involve the definition of the extent and characteristics of this mineralization by way of a prospect shaft and level development.
 
During Q1 2014 the development on the 120 meter level was completed to approximately 160 meters east of the shaft and four drill cubbies were completed from which horizontal and inclined holes were drilled into the two zones (North and South zones) that were identified by surface drilling.  The horizontal and inclined drilling intersected the identified zones, with the North zone hosting the more extensive mineralization. In Q2 2014, development reached the North Zone where the mineralisation that had been identified by drilling in previous quarters was opened up exposing a mineralised zone over a strike of 50 meters over which chip sampling returned an average value of 3.9g/t over an average width of 4 meters. Locally the mineralisation reaches a width of 10 meters and it is open on strike.  Based on this encouraging result further horizontal development has been suspended so that the shaft can be deepened to 240 meters. In Q3 2014 the shaft was sunk from 120 meters to 150 meters; in Q4 2014, the shaft was sunk further to 180 meters and development of the station on that level is in progress.
 
As noted in the previous quarters, metallurgical test work continues on fresh material from this zone.  The test work has confirmed that the mineralized material is refractory and test work is ongoing to optimise recovery.
 
Mascot Project Area
 
The Mascot Project Area includes three sections, viz. the Mascot prospect, the Penzance prospect and the Eagle Vulture prospect.  Mascot was previously mined to a depth of approximately 250 meters, exploiting an east-west trending mineralised body the strike extent of which decreased at depth but which was accompanied by a doubling in width.  Previous surface drilling undertaken by Blanket has indicated the existence of two further mineralised zones, one to the north and one to the south of the mined out area.
 
Underground development on Levels 1 and 2 (60m and 90m below surface respectively) confirmed the existence of potentially payable mineralisation on the North Parallel.   In Q2 and Q3 of 2014 development continued along the North Parallel on the 150m level.  This development has provided access to the mineralized area over a strike extent of 80 meters and a vertical extent of 90 meters.  In Q4 development on the North zone reached the 180 meter level.
 
Mine de-watering to below 180 meter level has continued, with the objective of accessing higher grade material below the current workings in 2015.  The mine has now been de-watered and the bottom of the shaft is now being cleaned to expose the shaft bottom, with the possibility to deepen the shaft by a further 120 meters.  This would allow access to the Main Shear at depth which, based on old mine records, had a substantially higher grade than the associated North Parallel and South Shear and, if successful, would improve the economic potential of this project.
 
Environmental Policy

Caledonia is committed to maintaining the highest environmental standards such that its operations and/or its products do not present an unacceptable risk to its employees, its customers, the public or the environment. Caledonia and its subsidiaries operate under Caledonia’s Environmental Policy which encompasses the following:
 
 
·
Caledonia directs its employees and its subsidiary companies to conduct their exploration and operational activities in a professional, environmentally responsible manner, in compliance with or above the standards of all applicable legislation and policies in the jurisdictions in which they undertake business.

 
·
Caledonia liaises closely with the applicable government regulatory bodies and the public to optimize communication and an understanding of the Caledonia’s activities in relation to environmental protection.

 
·
Caledonia is committed to the diligent application of technically proven, economically feasible, environmental protection measures throughout its exploration, development, mining, processing and decommissioning activities.

 
·
Caledonia, on a regular basis, monitors its environmental protection management programs to ensure their compliance at or above the standards of applicable national and international regulatory requirements.
 

 
32

 
It is the responsibility of all the employees and management of Caledonia and its subsidiaries to carry out their employment activities in accordance with this code of practice. Operational line management personnel have the direct responsibility for regular environmental protection management.

Matters relating to safety, health and environment are a regular agenda item at the Company’s board meetings.

General Comments

Caledonia’s activities are centered in Zimbabwe. Caledonia is not dependent, to any material extent, on patents, licenses, contracts, specialized equipment or new manufacturing processes at this time.  However, there may be occasions that Caledonia may wish to adopt such patents, licenses, specialized equipment, etc. if these are economically beneficial to its operations. All mining and exploration activities are conducted under the various Economic, Mining and Environmental Regulations of the country where the operations are being carried out.  It is always Caledonia’s standard that these regulations are complied with by Caledonia.  Otherwise its activities risk being suspended.

C.  
Organizational Structure
 
The Company has the following subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned by the Company, (unless otherwise indicated) and whose assets or revenues exceed 10% of the consolidated assets or revenues of the Company:

Subsidiaries of the Company
Country of Incorporation
Percentage held by Company
Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited
South Africa
100
Greenstone Management Services Limited
United Kingdom
100
Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited(1)
Zimbabwe
49
(1) Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited does not have any subsidiary companies.
 
D.  
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
(a)           South Africa:

The Eersteling gold mine is indirectly owned by the Company through its ownership of 100% of the shares of Eersteling Gold Mining Company Limited.  Eersteling has been under care and maintenance since September 1994.  Due to the lengthy period of care and maintenance at Eersteling there has been some deterioration in the facilities which will require rehabilitation work before operations could be recommenced.  The underground workings at Eersteling were allowed to flood and will require dewatering before mining access can be resumed.  The Company has no plans to expend further amounts on plant or equipment or to in any way expand or improve the facilities.

(b)           Zimbabwe:

The Blanket Mine, in Zimbabwe, which the Company indirectly owns 49% of through its ownership of 49% of the shares of Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited. It is a fully equipped mine with all of the necessary plant and equipment to conduct mining operations and the production of gold from the ore mined from the Mine.
 
ITEM 4A - UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5- OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
 
A.  
Operational Results
 
Annual Operational Highlights
 
 
 
33

 
2014– 2013
 
 
Year 2013
Year 2014
Comment
Gold produced (oz)
45,530
41,771
Gold production in 2014 was adversely affected by the lower head grade.
On-mine cost (US$/oz)1
613
652
On-mine costs for 2014 were higher than 2013 due to lower sales which means that on-mine fixed costs are spread over fewer ounces.
All-in Sustaining Cost (US$/oz) (“AISC”)
973
969
AISC decreased due to lower royalties, lower refining charges, lower community costs and lower sustaining capital investment the combined effects of which were reduced by higher administrative costs.
 
2013 – 2012
 
 
Year 2012
Year 2013
Comment
Gold produced (oz)
45,465
45,530
Gold production in 2013 was similar to 2012 despite lower head grades and recovery which were offset by higher tonnage throughput.   The head grade in 2013 was 3.88 grams per tonne, compared to 4.16 grams per tonne in 2012 and the gold recovery in 2013 was 93.3 per cent compared to 93.7 per cent in 2012.  Tonnage throughput in 2013 was 392,320 tonnes compared to 363,315 tonnes in 2012
On Mine cash cost (US$/oz)2
570
613
On-mine costs in 2013 were adversely affected by higher labour and electricity costs in 2013 compared to 2012 and also by the higher level of work-in-progress at December 31, 2013.
All-in sustaining cost (US$/oz)
759
973
All-in sustaining costs were adversely affected in Q4 2013 by higher administrative expenses and sustaining capital investment
 
2012-2011
 
 
Year 2011
Year 2012
Comment
Gold produced (oz)
35,826
45,465
Gold production increased by 27% due to a 21% increase in tonnes milled, a 3% increase in grade and a 1% increase in metallurgical recovery
On Mine cash cost (US$/oz)3
581
570
On-mine costs were reduced in 2012 due to the higher production which meant that fixed costs were spread across more production ounces.  This effect was offset somewhat by higher electricity and other costs
Total inclusive cost per ounce
895
759
Total inclusive costs were reduced in 2012 due to the reduction in sustaining capital investment, offset somewhat by higher royalty payments
 
___________________________________
1 Non-IFRS measures such as “On-Mine Cost per ounce”, “All-in Sustaining Cost per ounce” and “average realised gold price” are used throughout this document.
2 Non-IFRS measures such as “on-mine cash cost per ounce” “all-in sustaining cost per ounce” and “average realised gold price” are used throughout this document.
3  “On mine cash costs” and “Total inclusive cost per ounce” calculated in 2011 pre-date the adoption by Caledonia of the Guidance Note issued by the World Gold Council on June 23, 2013 relating to the suggested reporting of cash costs, sustaining costs and all-in costs.
 

 
34

 
 
Financial Highlights
 
2014-2013
 
 
Year 2013
Year 2014
Comment
Gold Sales (oz)
45,048
42,927
Sales in 2014 were lower than 2013 due to lower production gold ounces.
Average realised gold price (US$/oz)
1,402
1,245
Lower realised gold prices in 2014 primarily due to the lower quoted gold price.
Gross profit ($’m)4
29.9
20.5
Lower gross profit in 2014 compared to 2013 mainly due to the lower realised gold prices and lower production and sales.
Net (loss)/profit attributable to  shareholders ($’m)
(3.1)
4.9
Net loss in 2013 was after an impairment charge of $14.2m in respect of the Nama project in Zambia. Profit for 2014 was adversely affected by lower gold production and the lower realised gold price.
Adjusted basic (loss)/earnings per share5 (cents)
27.6
12.1
Adjusted basic earnings per share excludes impairment charges, foreign exchange profits or losses, indigenisation expenses, deferred taxation and tax adjustments in respect of prior years and the costs of the Zambian operation.
Cash and cash equivalents ($’m)
25.2
26.8
Caledonia’s cash is held in Canadian, UK and South African banks.
Cash from operating activities ($’m)
14.7
 
13.7
 
Cash flow in Q4 and the year were lower due to the lower realised gold price and, for the year, the lower number of ounces sold the effect of which was reduced by lower tax payments.
 
2013 – 2012
 
 
Year 2012
Year 2013
Comment
Gold Sales (oz)
45,181
45,048
Lower sales in 2013, despite higher production, due to the higher level of work in progress at December 31, 2013 of 1,978 oz.
Average realised gold price (US$/oz)
1,666
1,402
Lower realised gold prices in 2013 were due to the lower quoted gold price.
Gross profit ($’m)6
40.9
29.9
Lower gross profit mainly due to the lower realised gold prices.
Net (loss)/profit attributable to  shareholders ($’m)
8.7
(3.1)
Net loss in 2013 is after an impairment charge of $14.2m mainly in respect of the Nama Project.
Adjusted basic earnings per share7 (cents)
41.2
27.7
Adjusted basic earnings per share exclude the impairment charge, foreign exchange profits or losses, indigenisation expenses and deferred taxation.
Cash and cash equivalents ($’m)
27.9
25.2
Caledonia’s cash is held in Canadian, UK and South African banks.
Cash from operating activities ($’m)
29.7
14.7
Cash flow in Q4 was adversely affected by higher work-in progress at December 31, 2013.  Cash flow in the Year and the Quarter was also adversely affected by the lower realised gold price.
 
____________________________________
4 Gross profit is after deducting royalties, production costs and depreciation but before administrative expenses.
5 Adjusted earnings per share (“EPS”) is a non-IFRS measure which aims to reflect Caledonia’s ordinary trading performance.  The adjusted EPS calculation excludes any share based expense arising on the implementation of indigenisation and the impairment and the foreign exchange profit, all of which are included in the calculation of EPS under IFRS.
 
 
35

 
2012-2011
 
 
Year 2011
Year 2012
Comment
Gold Sales (oz)
35,504
45,181
Higher sales in 2012 reflects the higher production
Average realised gold price (US$/oz)
1,577
1,666
Higher realised gold prices in 2012 was due to the higher quoted gold price
Gross profit ($’m)8
29.1
40.9
Higher gross profit due to the higher realised gold price, higher sales and lower cost per ounce
Net (loss)/profit attributable to  shareholders ($’m)
12.1
8.7
Net loss in 2012 is after a non-cash, non-recurring charge of $14,569,000 for share based payments of which $14,161,000 was due to the sale of 51% of Blanket to Indigenous Zimbabweans, for which Blanket provided facilitation loans, and for the donation of 10% of Blanket to the Gwanda Community Share Ownership Trust (“GCSOT”).
Adjusted basic earnings per share9 (cents)
31.4
41.2
Adjusted basic earnings per share excludes the charge for share based payments arising on indigenisation, foreign exchange profits or losses, indigenisation expenses and deferred taxation.
Cash and cash equivalents ($’m)
9.7
27.9
Cash increased due the increase profit and reduced capital investment, offset by higher taxation payments, indigenisation expenses and other costs associated with indigenisation
Cash from operating activities ($’m)
17.4
29.7
Cash flow in 2012 benefitted from increased profit and reduced capital investment, offset by higher taxation payments, indigenisation expenses and other costs associated with indigenisation
 
_________________________________
6 Gross profit is after deducting royalties, production costs and depreciation but before administrative expenses.
7 Adjusted earnings per share (“EPS”) is a non-IFRS measure which aims to reflect Caledonia’s ordinary trading performance.  The adjusted EPS calculation excludes any share based expense arising on the implementation of indigenisation and the impairment and the foreign exchange profit, all of which are included in the calculation of EPS under IFRS.
8 Gross profit is after deducting royalties, production costs and depreciation but before administrative expenses.
9 Adjusted earnings per share (“EPS”) is a non-IFRS measure which aims to reflect Caledonia’s ordinary trading performance.  The adjusted EPS calculation excludes any share based expense arising on the implementation of indigenisation and the impairment and the foreign exchange profit, all of which are included in the calculation of EPS under IFRS.
 
 
 
36

 
 
 
Average realised gold price per ounce
“Average realised price per ounce” is a non-IFRS measure which, in conjunction with the cost per ounce measures described above, allows stakeholders to assess our performance.  The table below reconciles “Average realised price per ounce” to the Revenue shown in the financial statements which have been prepared under IFRS.
 
 
Reconciliation of Average Realised Gold Price per Ounce to IFRS
 
 
Year 2012
Q1
2013
Q2
2013
Q3
2013
Q4
2013
Year
2013
Q1
2014
Q2
2014
Q3
2014
Q4
2014
Year
2014
Revenue (IFRS) (C$’000’s)
75,221
19,218
17,190
16,591
12,114
65,113
17,063
15,555
13,492
12,972
59,082
Less miscellaneous income
-
-
(947)
-
-
(947)
-
-
-
-
-
Revenue from precious metal sales (C$’000s)
75,221
19,218
16,243
16,591
12,114
65,113
17,063
15,555
13,492
12,972
59,082
Exchange rate (1US$: C$)
0.99
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.00
1.02
1.10
1.09
1.09
1.14
1.10
Revenue  from precious metal sales (US$’000’s)
75,340
19,148
15,922
16,013
12,133
63,216
15,480
14,233
12,401
11,343
53,513
Revenues from sales of silver (US$’000s)
(72)
(5)
(15)
-
 
(57)
(77)
(3)
(31)
(15)
(12)
(61)
Revenues from sales of gold (US$’000s)
75,268
19,143
15,907
16,013
12,076
63,138
15,477
14,202
12,386
11,331
53,452
Gold ounces sold (oz)
45,181
11,965
11,587
12,042
9,454
45,048
12,210
11,223
9,890
9,604
42,927
Average realised gold price per ounce (US$)
1 666
1 600
1 373
1,330
1,277
1,402
1,268
1,265
1,252
1,180
1,245

Adjusted earnings per share
“Adjusted earnings per share” is a non-IFRS measure which management believes assists investors in understanding the company’s underlying performance. The table below reconciles “adjusted earnings per share” to the Profit/Loss attributable to Owners of the Company shown in the financial statements which have been prepared under IFRS.

 
Reconciliation of Adjusted Earnings per Share to IFRS Profit/(Loss) Attributable to Owners of the Company
(C$’000’s except per share numbers)
 
 
Year
2012
Q1
2013
Q2
2013
Q3
2013
Q4
2013
Year
2013
Q1
2014
Q2
2014
Q3
2014
Q4
2014
Year
2014
 
Profit/(loss) attributable to owners of the company (IFRS)
8,721
4,593
3,055
3,733
(14,436)
 
(3,055)
2,425
1,840
1,112
(380)
4,897
 
Blanket Mine Employee Trust adjustment (refer Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements)
-
-
-
-
(105)
(105)
-
-
-
(54)
(54)
 
Add back amounts attributable to owners of the company in respect of:
                       
Indigenisation expenses, advance dividends, donations etc.
16,034
-
1,640
-
-
 
1,640
-
-
-
-
-
 
Foreign exchange loss/(profit)
3
-
-
-
(1,677)
(1,677)
(257)
129
(389)
(659)
(1,176)
 
Asset impairment
330
-
-
-
14,203
14,203
-
-
-
196
196
 
Deferred tax
271
-
-
54
2,131
2,185
     
801
801
 
Withholding tax on distributions in specie
-
1,531
 
-
-
1,531
           
Reversal of Zambian G&A
-
-
-
-
-
-
142
198
309
340
989
 
Under accrual for 2013 UK tax
-
-
-
-
(375)
(375)
-
-
-
375
375
 
Prior year adjustment in respect of GMS (SA) tax
(100)
     
(100)
(100)
     
300
300
 
Adjusted profit
25,258
6,124
4,695
3,787
(359)
14,247
2,310
2,167
1,032
819
6,328
 
Weighted average shares (m)
50.8
51.5
51.8
52.1
52.1
52.0
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
 
Adjusted EPS (cents)
49.8
11.9
9.1
7.3
(0.7)
27.6
4.4
4.2
2.0
1.9
12.1
 

Q4 2013 and Year 2013 adjusted EPS calculations have been adjusted to reflect the under-accrual for UK income tax arising in respect of 2013 on interest receivable by GMS (UK) on the facilitation loans.

 
37

 
 
Indigenisation
Transactions that implemented the Indigenisation of Blanket were completed on September 5th 2012.  Following completion of these transactions Caledonia now owns 49% of Blanket. Caledonia has received the Certificate of Compliance from the Government of Zimbabwe which confirms that Blanket is fully compliant with the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act.

Investing
During 2014 Caledonia invested $6,786,000 ($11,738,000 – 2013, $7,909,000 – 2012) in property, plant and equipment including mineral properties.  Of the amount $6,786,000 ($9,066,000 – 2013, $4,280,000 - 2012) at Blanket, and its satellite properties.

Financing
Caledonia financed all its operations using funds on hand and those generated by its operations.  No equity financing took place in the year and none is currently planned.  Blanket has an unsecured US$2.5 million loan facility in Zimbabwe which is repayable on demand.  At December 31, 2014 this facility was unused.
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
2014
2013
     
$
Bank balances
 
26,838
25,222
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position
 
26,838
25,222
Bank overdrafts used for cash management purposes
 
-
(1,796)
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows
 
26,838
23,426
 
The available bank overdraft facility of US$2.5 million bears interest at 8% above the bank’s base rate. The facility is unsecured and valid for 12 months and is renewable. The facility is repayable on demand.
 
 
38

 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
An analysis of the sources and uses of Caledonia’s cash is set out in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the Consolidated Financial Statements.  As of December 31, 2014, Caledonia had a working capital surplus of $31,127,000 ($28,620,000-2013, $26,014,000 – 2012).  As of December 31, 2014, Caledonia had potential liabilities for rehabilitation work on the Blanket and Eersteling Mines - if and when those Mines are permanently closed - at an estimated present value cost of $2,888,000 ($1,572,000 – 2013, $1,015,000 – 2012).  The South African rehabilitation trust held $155,942 on cash deposit as at December 31, 2014.
 
The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern in order to pursue its mining operations and exploration potential of its mineral properties.
 
The Company’s capital includes shareholders’ equity, comprising issued common shares, reserves, accumulated other comprehensive income, accumulated deficit, bank loans and non-controlling interest
 
The Company’s primary objective with respect to its capital management is to ensure that it has sufficient cash resources to maintain its ongoing operations, to provide returns for shareholders, accommodate any asset retirement obligation and to pursue growth opportunities.
 
On November 25, 2013 Caledonia announced a revised dividend policy in terms of which it intended to pay a dividend of 6 Canadian cents per share in 2014, split into 4 equal quarterly payments of 1.5 Canadian cents per share.  The first quarterly dividend was paid on January 31, 2014 and subsequent quarterly dividends were paid at the end of April, July and October 2014 and at the end of January 2015.  It is currently envisaged that the existing dividend policy of 6 cents per annum paid in equal quarterly instalments will be maintained in 2015.  Caledonia will consider further dividends thereafter in the context of the prevailing commercial environment and expects to provide guidance for dividend payments in 2016 at or about the time of the Q2 results in August 2015.
 
It is intended that all of the capital investment which will be required to fund the planned growth and development at Blanket over the next 7 years will be funded by Blanket’s internal cash flows and debt facilities.
 
There are no exchange control restrictions on the remittance in full of dividends declared, loans or advances out of trading profits of subsidiary companies such as Blanket Mine (1983)(Private) Limited to the Group.

In the opinion of the Company, the working capital is sufficient for the company’s present needs.
 
B.  
Trend Information
 
As a result of the completion of the No. 4 Shaft Expansion Project in late 2014, the underground mining areas can now produce up to 1,200 tons of ore daily using predominately long-hole open stoping methods. Blanket Mine produced 41,771 ounces in 2014 and is implementing a 7 year Expansion Program to progressively increase gold production from inferred resources to approximately 70-75,000 ounces in 2021, this being in addition to projected production in 2021 from proven and probable mineral reserves of approximately 6,000 ounces.

The surplus capacity of the Blanket leach section and crushing and milling plant enables it to immediately treat additional feed material when compatible.  The inflationary environment is subdued and the regulatory environment is subject to unexpected adverse changes.  Nevertheless, Blanket Mine has surplus metallurgical plant capacity and is sufficiently cash flow positive if the investment climate is acceptable, and could invest in projects with a view to further increase production, thereby helping to maintain downward pressure on the cost per ounce of gold produced at Blanket Mine.

 
39

 
Our ability to meet production targets could be impacted by, amongst other factors, failure to achieve the production targets set, unforeseen changes in ore grades and recoveries, unexpected changes in the quality or quantity of reserves, technical production issues, environmental and industrial accidents and environmental factors.
 
 
C.  
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Not applicable.

D.  
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
 
 
 
Payments due by Period – in thousands of Canadian Dollars
 
Within 1
Year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than
5 years
Total
Trade and other payables
3,791
-
-
-
3,791
Asset retirement obligations
-
-
-
2,888
2,888
Capital expenditure commitments
642
-
-
-
642


 
ITEM 6 - DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
 
A.  
Directors and Senior Management
 
The following is a list of our current directors and officers as of December 31, 2014. There are no family relationships between the directors and officers.

 
40

 

Name, Office Held and Municipality of Residence
Principal Occupations During Past Five Years
Positions held Since
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned, Controlled or Directed as of March 27, 2015
James Johnstone (2) (5)(6)(7)
Director
Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada
 
Retired.  Formerly Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Director of several of its subsidiary companies.
1997
16,000
Steven Curtis (4)(5)(7)
President, Chief Executive Officer  & Director
Johannesburg, South Africa
Financial Director Avery Dennison SA (Pty) Ltd. until March 2006.  Since then, VP Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Director of the Company and Director of certain of its subsidiary companies. Former VP Finance and Chief Financial Officer, of the company
 
Director since 2006
President and Chief Executive since 2014
270,000
Richard Patricio(2)(3)(7)
Director, Toronto, Ontario
Canada
 
Chief Executive Officer at Pinetree Capital Ltd
2012
 Nil
Leigh Wilson(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(7)
Director, Stuart, Florida, USA
 
Chairman of the Victory Portfolios.
2012
72,500
John Kelly(1)(2)(3)(7)
Director, Pound Ridge, New York, USA
 
Partner at Endgate Commodities LLC.
2012
Nil
Johan Holtzhausen(1)(2)(5)(6)(7)
Director,
Cape Town, South Africa
 
Business consultant and ex Audit partner of KPMG Inc. Director of DRDGOLD Limited and First Food Brands Limited.
 
2013
Nil
Dana Roets(6)(7)
Chief Operating Officer
Johannesburg, South Africa
 
VP and Head of Operations at Kloof Gold Mine. More recently, Dana was the COO at Great Basin Gold which had gold mining operations in the United States of America and South Africa.
2013
Nil
Mark Learmonth(5)(7)
VP Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Director Johannesburg, South Africa
 
Vice-President of the Company focused on financial reporting, investor and shareholder relations and corporate development. Former Vice President Business Development, of the company
Director since 2008
Vice-President, Business Development since 2014
186,730
Trevor Pearton(6)(7)
Vice-President Exploration Johannesburg, South Africa
 
Vice-President of the Company acting as Exploration Manager of the Company and its subsidiaries
2004
Nil
Notes:
(1) Member of Audit Committee.
(2) Member of Compensation Committee.
(3) Member of Corporate Governance Committee.
(4) Member of Nominating Committee.
(5) Member of Disclosure Committee.
(6) Member of Technical Committee.
(7) Member of Strategic Planning Committee.

 
41

 
Mr. S.E. Hayden resigned as a Director on 6 December 2014.

A brief profile of each of the Directors and the senior management is given below:

James Johnstone, B.Sc., ARCST, Director

A graduate-mining engineer Mr. Johnstone has 40 years experience in mine operations in North America, Africa and Europe. He has experience in both underground and open pit operations.  For the 20 years prior to his retirement he was employed as General Manager or Vice-President Operations for mining companies producing gold, base metals and industrial minerals. Mr. Johnstone has been responsible for the construction, start up and commissioning of two major mines in addition to the commissioning of Caledonia's Filon Sur operation. He has also been involved in the orderly closure of three operations. He has operated successfully in environmentally sensitive areas and has a good understanding of the permitting process in Canada and the United States. Mr. Johnstone joined Caledonia in April 1997 as Vice President Operations and was responsible for Caledonia's operations in Zambia and South Africa and for all activities in Canada. He was elected a Director of Caledonia in June 1997. He retired from active employment with Caledonia in September, 2006.

Steven Curtis, CA(SA) Director,  President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Curtis is a Chartered Accountant with over 24 years of experience and has held a number of senior financial positions in the manufacturing industry.  Before joining Caledonia in April 2006, he was Director Finance and Supply Chain for Avery Dennison SA and prior to this, Financial Director and then Managing Director of Jackstadt GmbH South African operation.  Mr. Curtis is a member of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants and graduated from the University of Cape Town.

Mr. Curtis was appointed Vice-President Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Company in April, 2006 and served in the position until Dec 2014 when he was appointed as President and Chief Executive Officer.

Leigh Wilson - Director

Mr. Leigh Alan Wilson has an international business and financial services background having served in senior executive and management positions with Union Bank of Switzerland (Securities) Ltd. in London and with the Paribas Group in Paris and New York where he served as CEO of Paribas North America between 1984 and 1990.
 
Mr. Wilson has served on the Victory Fund Board since 1993. He currently serves as Independent Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Victory fund and of the Munder Fund. The Victory and Munder Funds have assets aggregating to US $40 billion.
 
Mr Wilson is also the Chief Executive Officer of New Century Home Health Care Inc., a role he has held since 1995. In March 2006, Mr. Wilson received the Mutual Fund Trustee of the Year Award from Institutional Investor Magazine.
 
Between March 2008 and October 2008, Mr. Wilson was an Independent Non-Executive Director of Caledonia.

John Kelly - Director

Mr. John Lawson Kelly has over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry in the U.S.A and international markets including emerging markets in Asia. He is registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority of the U.S.A. as a General Securities Principal.

Mr. Kelly is currently partner at Endgate Commodities LLC and a director of the AmeriCares Foundation.

Within the last five years Mr. Kelly has been a managing director of JL Thornton & Co, LLC and CrossRoad LLC and he has also been an Independent Trustee of The Victory Funds.

Richard PatricioDirector

Mr. Richard Patricio is the Chief Executive Officer of Pinetree Capital Ltd. ("Pinetree"), a Toronto-based investment company. Mr. Patricio currently holds directorships with several Canada, US and Australian-based publicly quoted resource companies. He previously practiced law at Osler Hoskin & Harcourt LLP in Toronto. Mr Patricio is also currently Chief Executive Officer of Mega Uranium Ltd.

Johan Holtzhausen - Director
 
Mr. Johan Andries Holtzhausen is a retired partner of KPMG South Africa with 42 years of audit experience, of which 36 years were as a partner focused on the mining sector. Mr Holtzhausen chaired the Mining Interest Group at KPMG South Africa and his clients included major listed mining companies operating in Africa and elsewhere, which operated across a broad range of commodities. In addition to his professional qualifications, Mr Holtzhausen holds a B.Sc. from the University of Stellenbosch, majoring in chemistry and geology.

Mr Holtzhausen is chairman of the Finance, Audit and Risk Committees of Strategic Partners in Tourism and its related party the Tourism Micro Enterprises Support Fund, both of which are not-for-profit organizations. Until 28 February 2011, Mr Holtzhausen served as a director of KPMG Inc. and KPMG Services (Pty) Ltd, both of which are private companies registered in South Africa and which provided audit, taxation and advisory services.


 
42

 

Dana Roets – Chief Operating Officer

Dana Roets is a qualified Mining Engineer and holds a B.Sc. Mining Engineering degree from Pretoria University (1986) and an MBA from the University of Cape Town (1995). Dana is a South African national with over 24 years of operational and managerial experience in the South African gold and platinum industry. He started his career with Gold Fields at the St Helena Gold Mine as a graduate trainee and progressed via various operational roles from being an underground shift boss to become Vice President and Head of Operations at Kloof Gold Mine in January 1999 at which time Kloof produced over 1,000,000 ounces of gold per annum. More recently, Dana was the COO at Great Basin Gold which had gold mining operations in the United States of America and South Africa. Dana Roets is located at Caledonia’s Africa office in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Dr. Trevor Pearton - B.Sc. Eng. (Mining Geology), Ph.D. (Geology), Pr.Sci.Nat., F.G.S.S.A – Vice President Exploration

Dr. Pearton has worked for Caledonia since 2001.  During the time, he was responsible for the establishment and management of the resource bases at the Blanket Mine (operating) and the Barbrook and Eersteling Mines (now under care and maintenance) and the assessment of the Nama project in Zambia. This work resulted in the identification of the Nama copper target and was followed up by the 2009 to 2012 exploration program which identified a large low-grade copper deposit (uneconomic in the current market).  Prior to joining Caledonia, Dr. Pearton worked for a number of financial institutions in South Africa as a highly rated gold analyst, as well as consulting to a number of mining companies.  He graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand with a BSc Eng. (Mining Geology) and was awarded a PhD in Geology for research into Archaean gold and antimony deposits (Witwatersrand University). He is a registered professional with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions and is Caledonia’s Qualified Person (QP) for all technical disclosures. He is a member of the Geological Society of South Africa; elected a Fellow of the Society in 2004, a member of the South African Institute for Mining and Metallurgy and a member of the Witwatersrand University Mining Engineers Association.

Mark Learmonth Vice-President Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Mr Learmonth joined Caledonia in July 2008. Prior to this, he was a Division Director of Investment Banking at Macquarie First South in South Africa, and has over 17 years of experience in corporate finance and investment banking, predominantly in the resources sector. Mr. Learmonth graduated from Oxford University and is a chartered accountant.  He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Chamber of Mines, Zimbabwe and is also a member of the Gold Producers Sub-Committee.

Mr. Learmonth was appointed Vice-President Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Company in Dec 2014.

Arrangements, Understandings, etc.

Caledonia has no arrangements or understanding with any major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person referred to above, was selected as a director or member of senior management.


 
43

 

B.  
Compensation
 
Summary Compensation Table
 
Name and principal position
Year
Salary ($)
Share based awards ($)
Option-based awards
Non-equity incentive plan compensation
($)
Pension value
($)
All other
compensation
Total compensation $
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)(4)
(i)
         
Annual incentive plans
(f1)
Long-term incentive plans
(f2)
     
Stefan Hayden(1)
Chief Executive Officer
2014
2013
2012
 
938,425
485,724
483,655
 
-
_
 
-
-
61,600(2)
 
-
131,552
108,994
 
-
_
 
-
_
 
45,000
153,599
136,673
 
983,425
770,875
790,922
 
Steve Curtis
Chief(3)
Executive Officer
2014
2013
2012
 
452,763
328,691
279,188
 
-
_
 
-
-
52,800(2)
 
66,258
53,550
36,600
 
-
_
 
-
_
 
45,000
35,000
25,000
 
564,021
417,241
393,588
 
Dana Roets
Chief Operating Officer
2014
2013
 
441,720
119,335
 
-
-
 
-
-
 
66,258
10,305
 
-
-
 
-
-
 
-
-
 
507,978
129,640
Mark Learmonth(3)
Chief Financial Officer
2014
2013
2012
 
303,682
179,928
176,821
 
-
_
 
-
-
39,600(2)
 
66,258
25,704
20,628
 
-
_
 
-
_
 
-
_-
 
369,940
205,632
237,049
 
Caxton Mangezi
General Manager and Director of the Blanket Mine
2014
2013
2012
 
369,940
304,321
262,932
 
-
_
 
-
-
44,000(2)
 
30,828
44,702
18,802
 
-
 
-
 
11,043
11,158
 
411,811
360,181
325,734
 
Trevor Pearton
VP Exploration
2014
2013
2012
237,425
161,704
170,688
-
_
-
-
11,000(2)
19,786
13,880
13,752
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
257,211
175,584
195,440

(1)      Mr. S. E. Hayden was employed indirectly by the Company through an agreement with a management company, as detailed in 7B.  The amounts shown are the amounts paid to the management company. Mr Hayden resigned as Chief Executive Officer on 6 December 2014 and is no longer employed by the company.
 
(2)      The share purchase options shown were granted to the Non-Executive Directors (“NED”) on September 10, 2012 and expire on September 10, 2017.  They were all fully vested at the date of being granted and are all exercisable at $0.90 per share.  The fair value is calculated using the Black Scholes methodology using the following assumptions:
 
 
Risk-free interest rate – 1.0%
 
Expected stock price volatility – 58.37%
 
Expected option life in years – 5 years
 
Fair value at grant date - $0.44
 
(3)      Mr S Curtis was appointed as Chief Executive Officer in November 2014 and was replaced by Mr M Learmonth as Chief Financial Officer. Mr Learmonth served as VP Business Development and Investor Relations in previous periods.
 
(3)  
Apart from S E Hayden, the total amount shown in (h) relates to directors fees paid to the NED.
 
(4)  
Dana Roets was employed in during 2013. The increase in salary occurred due to the cost of his employment being included for a full year during 2014.
 
A $45,000 fee is paid to each director annually. This revised fee was effective from July 1, 2013. In addition, certain directors received further fees for their service on certain sub-committees of the board.

The Company has a Stock Option Plan pursuant to which it grants options to directors, offices and key employees from time to time.  The numbers of shares covered by the various options granted are determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee subject to approval by the Board of Directors.  One hundred percent (100%) of the share purchase options which are presently outstanding are in favor of directors, offices and key employees of the Company and, in some cases, its subsidiaries, and providers of services to the Company or its subsidiaries.

 
44

 
Caledonia does not have a bonus or profit-sharing plan.  Caledonia does not have a pension, retirement or similar benefits scheme.
 
C. 
Board Practices
 
The directors all hold their positions for an indefinite term, subject to re-election at each annual general meeting of the shareholders.  The officers hold their positions subject to being removed by resolution of the Board of Directors.   The term of office of each Director expires as of the date that an Annual General Meeting of the shareholders is held - subject to the re-election of the Directors at such Annual General Meeting.

There are no service contracts between Caledonia and any of the Directors of Caledonia or its subsidiaries except for a service agreement between Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited and Mr. Curtis which includes an option to terminate the contract in the event of a change in control of the Company and to receive a severance payment equal to two years’ compensation.  If this was triggered as at December 31, 2014 the severance payment would have amounted to US $820,000. The contract also includes a payment of one month’s pay per year of service rendered by Mr Curtis if Caledonia terminates his services. A change in control would constitute:
 
·           the acquisition of more than 50% of the ordinary shares; or
·           the acquisition of right to exercise the majority of the voting rights of ordinary shares; or
·           the acquisition of the right to appoint the majority of the board of directors; or
·           the acquisition of more than 50% of the assets; of
 
 Greenstone Management Service Proprietary Limited or Caledonia Mining Corporation.

The following persons comprise the following committees:

Audit
Compensation
Governance
Nominating
Disclosure
J Holtzhausen
L Wilson
L Wilson
L Wilson
M Learmonth
L Wilson
J Kelly
J Kelly
S R Curtis
S R Curtis
J Kelly
J Holtzhausen
R Patricio
 
J Holtzhausen
 
J Johnstone
   
T Pearton
 
R Patricio
 
   
L Wilson
         
Technical
Strategic
Life of Mine
   
J Johnstone
L Wilson
L Wilson
   
J Holtzhausen
J Kelly
J Johnstone
   
D Roets
S R Curtis
J Holtzhausen
   
T Pearton
R Patricio
     
 
M Learmonth
     
 
D Roets
     
 
T Pearton
     
 
J Holtzhausen
J Johnstone
     
         
Terms of reference of the Audit Committee are given in the Charter of the Audit Committee.  The Charters of Company Committees are available on the Company’s website or, on request, from the Company’s offices listed in this report.

The Company’s Audit Committee is comprised of the following Directors (i) Johan Holtzhausen (Chair), (ii) Leigh Alan Wilson, and (iii) John Lawson Kelly.  Each member of the Audit Committee is considered independent as defined under NI 52-110 and as defined pursuant to Section 803 of the NYSE MKT Company Guide (as such definition may be modified or supplemented) and considered to be financially literate as such terms are defined under National Instrument 52-110 Audit Committees.  The SEC has indicated that the designation of an audit committee financial expert does not make that person an "expert" for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations, or liability on that person that are greater than those imposed on members of the audit committee and board of directors who do not carry this designation, or affect the duties, obligations, or liabilities of any other member of the audit committee.

 
45

 
D.  
Employees
 
The average, approximate number of employees, their categories and geographic location for each of the last 5 years are summarized in the table below:

Geographic Location and Number of Employees:
 
Employee Location
 
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
2013
   
2014
 
Total Employees
                             
South Africa (African Office)
    10       10       10       13       14  
Zimbabwe – approx.(i)
    794       856       860       1,028       1,007  
South Africa (Mine Security and Operations and Exploration)
    1       1       1       1       1  
Zambia (Head Office and Security)
    8       8       8       8       6  
Total Employees at all Locations
    813       875       879       1,050       1,028  
                                         
(i) the number of employees in Zimbabwe varies slightly from month-to-month.

Management and Administration:
                             
Employee Locations:
 
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
2013
   
2014
 
Canada
    -       -       -       -       -  
Zimbabwe
    30       30       32       32       36  
South Africa (African Office)
    7       7       7       12       12  
South Africa (Exploration and Operations)
    2       2       2       1       1  
Zambia (Head Office and Security)
    4       4       4       4       4  
Total Management and Administration
    43       43       45       49       53  

E.  
Share Ownership
 
(a)           The direct and indirect shareholdings of the Company’s Directors and Officers as at March 27, 2015 were as follows:
 
Number of shares
Percentage share
holding
L Wilson
72,500
0.14%
J Johnstone
16,000
0.03%
S Curtis
270,000
0.52%
M Learmonth
186,730
0.36%
P. Patricio
Nil
-
J. Kelly
Nil
-
D Roets
Nil
-
T. Pearton
Nil
-
     
Total
545,230
1.04%

 
46

 
All of the shares held by the Directors are voting common shares and do not have any different voting or other rights than the other outstanding common shares of the Company.

As at March 27, 2015, the Directors and Officers, collectively, owned 545,230 Common Shares, being approximately 1.04% of the issued Common Shares.

The information as to shares beneficially owned or controlled or directed, not being within the knowledge of the Company, has been furnished by the respective directors and officers individually

(a)  
Share purchase options outstanding as of March 27, 2015:
 

Name
Exercise Price C$
 
Expiry Date
 
Number of Options
J Johnstone
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
40,000
J Johnstone
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
160,000
L Wilson
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
90,000
C Jonsson
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
40,000
C Jonsson
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
160,000
J Liswaniso
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
7,500
J Liswaniso
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
10,000
M Learmonth
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
89,020
M Learmonth
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
150,000
A Lawson
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
3,000
A Lawson
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
7,500
T Pearton
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
25,000
T Pearton
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
25,000
SR Curtis
0.70
 
May 11, 2016
 
30,000
SR Curtis
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
120,000
SR Curtis
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
250,000
Caledonia Holdings Africa(1)
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
103,000
Caledonia Holdings Africa(1)
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
207,500
R Babensee
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
40,000
R Babensee
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
175,000
P Human
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
5,000
P Human
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
10,000
S Smith
1.30
 
January 31, 2016
 
6,000
S Smith
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
2,400
J Kelly
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
90,000
R Patricio
0.90
 
August 31, 2017
 
90,000
D Roets
0.72
 
November 21, 2018
 
100,000
J Holtzhausen
0.72
 
November 21, 2018
 
90,000
TOTAL
       
2,125,920

(1)The options granted to Caledonia Holdings (Africa) Limited – a subsidiary of Caledonia – are for the benefit of certain employees of a subsidiary of Caledonia.

 
47

 

ITEM 7 - MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
Major Shareholders
 
To the best of Caledonia's knowledge, as of December 31, 2014 there was one shareholder that beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercises control or direction over more than 5% of the voting shares of Caledonia – being Allan Gray, a South African investment trust/fund manager, which owns 6,382,500 ordinary shares of the Company, representing 12.25 per cent of the current issued share capital of the Company.

The only shares issued by Caledonia are common shares.  All shareholders have the same voting rights as all other shareholders of Caledonia.

To the best of the knowledge of Caledonia, based on information in its Share Register on January 24, 2015, the portion of the common shares of Caledonia is held in the following geographic locations:

Geographic Area
 
Number of Shares Held
Percentage of Issued Shares
USA
22,108,122
42.42%
Canada
16,796,148
32.23%
South Africa
8,542,838
16.39%
England
3,350,860
6.43%
Other
1,319,940
2.53%
 
52,117,908
100%

There are 2,578 recorded holders of the Company’s issued shares.

Caledonia is not, to the best of its knowledge, directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation or corporations, by any other natural or legal person or persons severally or jointly or by any foreign government.

Caledonia is not aware of any arrangement, the operation of which may at some subsequent date result in a change of control of Caledonia.

The foregoing information in this paragraph is based exclusively on information with respect to recorded shareholders in the Company’s shareholders register.  The Company does not have actual information available as to who may be the beneficial owners of the Company’s issued shares and, specifically, does not know the identity of the beneficial owners of the shares who are registered in two large intermediaries.


Related Party Transactions
 
Caledonia had the following related party transactions:
 
Note
2014
2013
2012
2014
2013
   
$
$
$
$
$
Management contract fees, allowances and bonus paid or accrued to a company for management services provided by the Group’s former President and Chief Executive Officer.
(i)
938
736
704
-
-
Rent for office premises paid to a company owned by members of the former President’s family.
(ii)
142
38
43
-
-
Legal fees and disbursements up to retirement.
 
-
88
111
-
-
Directors fees paid.
 
326
285
215
-
-

 
(i)
On July 15, 2014 Caledonia served a six month notice to Epicure Overseas S.A. for the termination of the contract between Caledonia and Epicure for the provision of the services of Mr. Stefan Hayden, who was at that time Caledonia’s President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”).  Negotiations for alternative arrangements to secure the continued services of Mr. Hayden as President and CEO failed to reach agreement.  Accordingly, on November 18, 2014 Mr. Hayden stepped down as President and CEO and on December 6, 2014, Mr. Hayden resigned as a director of Caledonia.  No payments other than the contractual payments that were due to Epicure Overseas SA for the provision of the services of Mr. Hayden during the notice period were made.
 
 
 
48

 
(ii)  
The contract expires September 2015.
 
 
These related party transactions were in the normal course of operations and are recorded at the exchange amount.
 

C.  
Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
A.  
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
This Annual Report contains the audited consolidated financial statements which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the 12 month periods ended December 31, 2014, December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
 
Reference is made to page 62 where the financial statements are filed as part of this annual report on pages F1 – F48
 
Dividend Policy
 
On November 25, 2013 Caledonia announced a revised dividend policy in terms of which it intended to pay a dividend of 6 Canadian cents per share in 2014, split into 4 equal quarterly payments of 1.5 Canadian cents per share.  The first quarterly dividend was paid on January 31, 2014 and subsequent quarterly dividends were paid at the end of April, July and October 2014 and at the end of January 2015.  It is currently envisaged that the existing dividend policy of 6 cents per annum paid in equal quarterly instalments will be maintained in 2015.  Caledonia will consider further dividends thereafter in the context of the prevailing commercial environment and expects to provide guidance for dividend payments in 2016 at or about the time of the Q2 results in August 2015.
 

There are currently no restrictions on the Company which would prevent it from paying dividends.

With effect from December 5, 2013, Caledonia appointed Computershare Investor Services Inc. as its transfer agent and registrar and dividend disbursing agent.  Following the appointment of Computershare, Shareholders in the USA and UK now receive their dividends denominated in US Dollars and Pounds Sterling respectively. All other shareholders will continue to be paid in Canadian dollars.  Computershare also offers Direct Registration System (“DRS”) services for Caledonia shareholders who do not wish to hold their shares in nominee accounts in the name of their financial adviser or stock-broker.  Shareholders who wish to participate in the DRS should contact Computershare using the contact details set out below:

Computershare Canada and USA                      Toll-free North American Number 1-800-564-6253
For Shareholders outside North America 1-514-982-7555

Computershare UK                                           +44 (0)870 702 0000

 
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Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Actions

To our knowledge, there are no legal proceedings material to us to which we are or were a party to or of which any of our properties are or were the subject of, during the financial year ended December 31, 2014 nor are there any such proceedings known to us to be contemplated, which would materially impact our financial position or ability to continue as a going concern.

During the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2014, there were no (i) penalties or sanctions imposed against  us by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority; (ii) penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body against us  that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision, or (iii) settlement agreements  we entered into before a court relating to securities legislation or with a securities regulatory authority.

B.  
Significant Changes
 
We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of the financial statements included with this Annual Report except as disclosed in this Annual Report.

 
ITEM 9 - THE OFFERING AND LISTING
 
A.  
Offering and Listing Details
 
The Common Shares of the Company are quoted for trading in the U.S. on the OTCQX under “CALVF” since October 2011, and on the AIM Market in London under “CMCL” since June 27, 2005.  The principal marketplace for the Company is the listing of the Common Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange under symbol “CAL”.  During the year ended December 31, 2014, 15,332,415 Common Shares were traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange at prices that ranged between a high of $1.20 and a low of $0.60 per Common Share.

The high and low market prices expressed in Canadian dollar on the Toronto Stock Exchange for our Common Shares for the last five financial years, for the last six months, and each quarter for the last three fiscal years:
 
 
TSX Exchange
(Canadian Dollars)
Last Six Months
High
Low
March 2015
0.73
0.72
February 2015
0.74
0.72
January 2015
0.78
0.75
December 2014
0.70
0.67
November 2014
0.75
0.70
October 2014
0.85
0.83
     
2014
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2014
0.81
0.77
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2014
1.10
1.07
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2014
0.87
0.85
First Quarter ended March 31, 2014
0.80
0.77
     
2013
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2013
0.82
0.67
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2013
0.98
0.74
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2013
1.20
1.15
First Quarter ended March 31, 2013
1.40
0.95
     
2012
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2012
1.10
0.90
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2012
1.10
0.60
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2012
0.90
0.65
First Quarter ended March 31, 2012
1.25
0.80
     
Last Five Fiscal Years
High
Low
2014
0.90
0.86
2013
1.40
0.67
2012
1.25
0.60
2011
1.45
0.65
2010
1.70
0.55

 
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The high and low market prices expressed in United States dollar on the OTCQX for our Common Shares for the last five financial years, for the last six months, and each quarter for the last three fiscal years

 
OTCQX
(United States Dollar)
Last Six Months
High
Low
March 2015
0.59
0.58
February 2015
0.60
0.57
January 2015
0.64
0.62
December 2014
0.61
0.58
November 2014
0.65
0.62
October 2014
0.76
0.70
     
     
2014
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2014
0.71
0.56
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2014
1.01
0.98
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2014
0.80
0.78
First Quarter ended March 31, 2014
0.73
0.70
     
2013
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2013
0.85
0.65
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2013
0.94
0.68
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2013
1.21
1.20
First Quarter ended March 31, 2013
1.35
0.95
     
2012
High
Low
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2012
1.12
0.88
Third Quarter ended September 31, 2012
1.10
0.65
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2012
0.96
0.68
First Quarter ended March 31, 2012
1.25
0.84
     
Last Five Fiscal Years
High
Low
2014
0.81
0.78
2013
1.45
0.65
2012
1.25
0.65
2011
1.58
0.63
2010
1.60
0.52
 
 
 
 
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
A.  
Share Capital
 
Not Applicable.
 
 
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B.  
Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
Securities Registrar
Computershare Investor Services Inc. is the transfer agent and registrar for the common shares at its principal office in the City of Toronto, with branch registrars of transfers at Computershare Trust Company, N.A office in the City of Golden, Colorado. Computershare Investor Services at its principal office in Bristol, United Kingdom is the Transfer Agent for the Depositary Interests.

Place of Incorporation and Purpose
The Company was incorporated, effective February 5, 1992, by the amalgamation of three predecessor companies.  It exists pursuant to the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”).

Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation
The Company’s articles of incorporation do not place any restrictions on the Company’s business. The authorized capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of Common Shares and an unlimited number of preference shares. As of March 27, 2015 52,117,908 Common Shares were issued and outstanding and there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.

The holders of the Common Shares are entitled to one vote per share at all meetings of the shareholders of the Company. The holders of Common Shares are also entitled to dividends, if and when declared by the directors of the Company and the distribution of the residual assets of the Company in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The Company's Common Shares do not have pre-emptive rights to purchase additional shares.

No preference shares are currently issued and outstanding. Preference shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series composed of such number of shares with such preference, deferred or other special rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions as fixed before such issuance by a resolution passed by the directors and confirmed and declared by articles of amendment.  The preference shares shall be entitled to preference over Common Shares in respect of the payment of dividends and shall have priority over the Common Shares in the event of a distribution of residual assets of the Company in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or windup of the Company. Please see Exhibits 1.1 and 1.2 for details in respect of the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Common Shares and Preferred Shares. The rights attaching to the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares can only be modified by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders called for that purpose.

Certain Powers of Directors
The CBCA requires that every director or officer who is a party to a material contract or transaction or a proposed material contract or transaction with the Company, or who is a director or officer of, or has a material interest in, any person who is a party to a material contract or transaction or a proposed material contract or transaction with the Company, shall disclose in writing to the Company or request to have entered in the minutes of the meetings of directors the nature and extent of his or her interest, and shall refrain from voting in respect of the material contract or transaction or proposed material contract or transaction unless the contract or transaction is: (a) one relating primarily to his or her remuneration as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or an affiliate; (b) one for indemnity of or insurance for directors as contemplated under the CBCA; or (c) one with an affiliate. However, a director who is prohibited by the CBCA from voting on a material contract or proposed material contract may be counted in determining whether a quorum is present for the purpose of the resolution, if the director disclosed his or her interest in accordance with the CBCA, the directors approved the contract or transaction and the contract or transaction was reasonable and fair to the Company at the time it was approved.

The directors may, by resolution, amend or repeal any by-laws that regulate the business or affairs of the Company unless the articles, the bylaws or a unanimous shareholder agreement provide otherwise. The CBCA requires the directors to submit any such amendment or repeal to the Company’s shareholders at the next meeting of shareholders, and the shareholders may confirm, reject or amend the amendment or repeal.


 
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Meetings of Shareholders
The CBCA requires the Company to call an annual shareholders' meeting within 15 months after holding the last preceding annual meeting but not later than six months after the end of the Company’s preceding financial year and permits the Company to call a special shareholders' meeting at any time. In addition, in accordance with the CBCA, the holders of not less than 5% of the Company’s shares carrying the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held may requisition the Company’s directors to call a special shareholders' meeting for the purposes stated in the requisition. The Company is required to mail a notice of meeting and management information circular to registered shareholders not less than 21 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date of any annual or special shareholders' meeting. These materials also are filed with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. The Company’s by-laws provide that a quorum of two shareholders in person or represented by proxy holding or representing by proxy not less than 5% of the Company’s issued shares carrying the right to vote at the meeting is required to transact business at a shareholders' meeting. Shareholders, and their duly appointed proxies and corporate representatives, as well as the Company's auditors, are entitled to be admitted to the Company's annual and special shareholders' meetings.

Limitations on the Right to Own Securities
There are no limitations on the rights to own securities.
 
Limitations on Restructuring
There is no provision in our Articles or Bylaws that would have the effect of placing any limitations on any corporate restructuring in addition to what would otherwise be required by applicable law.
 
Disclosure of Share Ownership
 
There are no provisions in our Bylaws governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

C.  
Material Contracts
 
We enter into various contracts in the normal course of business.  However, there are no material contracts outside of the normal course of business to report here.

D.  
Exchange Controls
 
There are no governmental laws, decrees or regulations existing in Canada (where Caledonia is incorporated), which restrict the export or import of capital, or the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of Caledonia's securities.  Nor does Canada have foreign exchange currency controls.  Nor do any such restrictions exist in Zimbabwe.

E.  
Taxation
 
Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.  In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder, including without limitation specific tax consequences to a U.S. Holder under an applicable tax treaty.  Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any U.S. Holder.  This summary does not address the U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.  In addition, except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss applicable tax reporting requirements.  Each prospective U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares. No legal opinion from U.S. legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been requested, or will be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.  This summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, and contrary to, the positions taken in this summary.  In addition, because the authorities on which this summary are based are subject to various interpretations, the IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the conclusions described in this summary.
 
 
53

 
Scope of this Summary
 
Authorities
 
This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed), published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”), and U.S. court decisions that are applicable and, in each case, as in effect and available, as of the date of this document.  Any of the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis which could affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations described in this summary.  This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation.

U.S. Holders
 
For purposes of this summary, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of Common Shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
 
·
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.;
 
 
·
a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
 
 
·
an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
 
 
·
a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
 
 
U.S. Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed
 
This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, the following U.S. Holders that:  (a) are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) are broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply a mark-to-market accounting method; (d) have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar; (e) own Common Shares as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position; (f) acquired Common Shares in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) hold Common Shares other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes); or (h) own, have owned or will own  (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of the outstanding shares of the Company.  This summary also does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders who are:  (a) U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; (b) persons that have been, are, or will be a resident or deemed to be a resident in Canada for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”); (c) persons that use or hold, will use or hold, or that are or will be deemed to use or hold Common Shares in connection with carrying on a business in Canada; (d) persons whose Common Shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” under the Tax Act; or (e) persons that have a permanent establishment in Canada for the purposes of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention.  U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and foreign tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Common Shares.
 
 
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If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Common Shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such entity and the partners (or other owners) of such entity generally will depend on the activities of the entity and the status of such partners (or owners).  This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such owner.  Partners (or other owners) of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships or as “pass-through” entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Common Shares.
 
Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares
 
The following discussion is subject to the rules described below under the heading “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
 
Taxation of Distributions
 
A U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to a Common Share will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any foreign income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of the current or accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  To the extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder's tax basis in the Common Shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such Common Shares (see “Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares” below).  However, the Company may not maintain the calculations of its earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder may have to assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to the Common Shares will constitute ordinary dividend income.  Dividends received on Common Shares by corporate U.S. Holders generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction”.  Subject to applicable limitations and provided the Company is eligible for the benefits of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, dividends paid by the Company to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, generally will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains for dividends, provided certain holding period and other conditions are satisfied, including that the Company not be classified as a PFIC (as defined below) in the tax year of distribution or in the preceding tax year.  The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of such rules.
 
Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares
 
A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of Common Shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between (a) the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received and (b) such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such Common Shares sold or otherwise disposed of.  Any such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss, which will be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other disposition, such Common Shares are held for more than one year.
 
Preferential tax rates apply to long-term capital gains of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust.  There are currently no preferential tax rates for long-term capital gains of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation.  Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code.
 
 
55

 

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
 
If the Company were to constitute a PFIC for any year during a U.S. Holder’s holding period, then certain potentially adverse rules would affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder resulting from the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Common Shares.  The Company believes that it was not a PFIC for the tax year ended December 31, 2014. However, PFIC classification is fundamentally factual in nature, generally cannot be determined until the close of the tax year in question, and is determined annually.  Additionally, the analysis depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations.  Consequently, there can be no assurance that the Company has never been and will not become a PFIC for any tax year during which U.S. Holders hold Common Shares.
 
In addition, in any year in which the Company is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will be required to file an annual report with the IRS containing such information as Treasury Regulations and/or other IRS guidance may require.  A failure to satisfy such reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax.  U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing such information returns under these rules, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8621.
 
The Company generally will be a PFIC under Section 1297 of the Code if, after the application of certain “look-through” rules with respect to subsidiaries in which the Company holds at least 25% of the value of such subsidiary, for a tax year, (a) 75% or more of the gross income of the Company for such tax year is passive income (the “income test”) or (b) 50% or more of the value of the Company’s assets either produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”), based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets.  “Gross income” generally includes all sales revenues less the cost of goods sold, plus income from investments and from incidental or outside operations or sources, and “passive income” generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.  Active business gains arising from the sale of commodities generally are excluded from passive income if substantially all (85% or more) of a foreign corporation’s commodities are stock in trade or inventory, depreciable property used in a trade or business or supplies regularly used or consumed in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and certain other requirements are satisfied.
 
If the Company were a PFIC in any tax year during which a U.S. Holder held Common Shares, such holder generally would be subject to special rules with respect to “excess distributions” made by the Company on the Common Shares and with respect to gain from the disposition of Common Shares. An “excess distribution” generally is defined as the excess of distributions with respect to the Common Shares received by a U.S Holder in any tax year over 125% of the average annual distributions such U.S. Holder has received from the Company during the shorter of the three preceding tax years, or such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Common Shares. Generally, a U.S. Holder would be required to allocate any excess distribution or gain from the disposition of the Common Shares ratably over its holding period for the Common Shares. Such amounts allocated to the year of the disposition or excess distribution would be taxed as ordinary income, and amounts allocated to prior tax years would be taxed as ordinary income at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year and an interest charge at a rate applicable to underpayments of tax would apply.
 
While there are U.S. federal income tax elections that sometimes can be made to mitigate these adverse tax consequences (including the “QEF Election” under Section 1295 of the Code and the “Mark-to-Market Election” under Section 1296 of the Code), such elections are available in limited circumstances and must be made in a timely manner.
 
U.S. Holders should be aware that, for each tax year, if any, that the Company is a PFIC, the Company can provide no assurances that it will satisfy the record keeping requirements of a PFIC, or that it will make available to U.S. Holders the information such U.S. Holders require to make a QEF Election with respect to the Company or any subsidiary that also is classified as a PFIC.  U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to the ownership and disposition of Common Shares, and the availability of certain U.S. tax elections under the PFIC rules.
 
 
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Additional Considerations
 
Additional Tax on Passive Income

Certain individuals, estates and trusts whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income” including, among other things, dividends and net gain from disposition of property (other than property held in certain trades or businesses).  U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of Common Shares.

Receipt of Foreign Currency

The amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency, or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Common Shares, generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of receipt (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time).  A U.S. Holder will have a basis in the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt.  Any U.S. Holder who converts or otherwise disposes of the foreign currency after the date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.  Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who use the accrual method with respect to foreign currency received upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the Common Shares. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.

Foreign Tax Credit

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect to dividends paid on the Common Shares generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax.  Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income subject to U.S. federal income tax.  This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year.

Complex limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability that such U.S. Holder’s “foreign source” taxable income bears to such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income.  In applying this limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either “foreign source” or “U.S. source.”  Generally, dividends paid by a foreign corporation should be treated as foreign source for this purpose, and gains recognized on the sale of stock of a foreign corporation by a U.S. Holder should be treated as U.S. source for this purpose, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty, and if an election is properly made under the Code.  However, the amount of a distribution with respect to the Common Shares that is treated as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income tax purposes, resulting in a reduced foreign tax credit allowance to a U.S. Holder.  In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific categories of income.  The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the foreign tax credit rules.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Under U.S. federal income tax law and Treasury Regulations, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a foreign corporation.  For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals who are U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of certain threshold amounts.  The definition of specified foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity.  U. S. Holders may be subject to these reporting requirements unless their Common Shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions.  Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial.  U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing information returns, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8938.

 
57

 
Payments made within the U.S. or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of, Common Shares will generally be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax, at the rate of 28%, if a U.S. Holder (a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding tax, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding tax.  However, certain exempt persons generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding rules.  Backup withholding is not an additional tax.  Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to the IRS in a timely manner.

The discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute a complete description of all reporting requirements that may apply to a U.S. Holder.  A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax, and under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfied reporting requirement.  Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules.

F.  
Dividends and Paying Agents
 
Not Applicable.

G.  
Statement by Experts
 
Not Applicable.

H.  
Documents on Display
 
Any statement in this Annual Report about any of our contracts or other documents is not necessarily complete. If the contract or document is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report, the contract or document is deemed to modify the description contained in this Annual Report. Readers must review the exhibits themselves for a complete description of the contract or document.

Readers may review a copy of our filings with the SEC, including exhibits and schedules filed with it, at the SEC's public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Readers may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. The SEC maintains a Web site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, submissions and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. We have only recently become subject to the requirement to file electronically through the EDGAR system most of its securities documents, including registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and registration statements, reports and other documents under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

We also file certain reports with the Canadian Securities Administrators that you may obtain through access of the SEDAR website, www.sedar.com.

Readers may read and copy any reports, statements or other information that we file with the SEC at the address indicated above and may also access them electronically at the Web site set forth above. These SEC filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services.

We are required to file reports and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. Reports and other information filed by us with the SEC may be inspected and copied at the SEC's public reference facilities described above. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in section 16 of the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, as a foreign private issuer, we are not required to publish financial statements as frequently or as promptly as United States companies.

Copies of our material contracts are kept at our principal executive office.

 
58

 
I.  
Subsidiary Information
 
Not Applicable.

ITEM 11 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
The Corporation is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks by virtue of its activities. The overall financial risk management program focuses on preservation of capital, and protecting current and future Company assets and cash flows by reducing exposure to risks posed by the uncertainties and volatilities of financial markets.

The Board of Directors has responsibility to ensure that an adequate financial risk management policy is established and to approve the policy. The Company’s Audit Committee oversees management’s compliance with the Company’s financial risk management policy.

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments approximates their carrying value unless otherwise noted.  The types of risk exposure and the way in which such exposures are managed are as follows:
 
A.  
Currency Risk
 
As the Group operates in an international environment, some of the Group’s financial instruments and transactions are denominated in currencies other than the Canadian Dollar. The results of the Group’s operations are subject to currency transaction risk and currency translation risk. The operating results and financial position of the Group are reported in Canadian dollars in the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The fluctuation of the Canadian dollar in relation to other currencies will consequently have an impact upon the profitability of the Group and may also affect the value of the Group’s assets and liabilities and the amount of shareholders’ equity.

As noted below, the Group has certain financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Group does not use any derivative instruments to reduce its foreign currency risks. To reduce exposure to currency transaction risk, the Group maintains cash and cash equivalents in the currencies used by the Group to meet shortterm liquidity requirements.

Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the Canadian dollar that would be affected by changes in exchange rates relative to the Canadian dollar. The values are the Canadian dollar equivalent of the respective asset or liability that is denominated in US dollars or South African rand.


 
2014
2013
   
 
$
$
   
Cash and cash equivalents
26,512
25,042
   
Bank overdraft
-
(1,796)
   
Trade and other receivables
773
3,887
   
Trade and other payables
(2,199)
(5,160)
   


B.  
Interest Rate Risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates.
 
 
59

 
Unless otherwise noted, it is the opinion of management that the Group is not exposed to significant interest rate risk as it has no debt financing apart from short term borrowings utilized in Zimbabwe.  The Group’s cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that earn interest at market rates. The Group manages its interest rate risk by endeavoring to maximize the interest income earned on excess funds while maintaining the liquidity necessary to conduct operations on a day-to-day basis. The Group’s policy focuses on preservation of capital and limits the investing of excess funds to liquid term deposits in high credit quality financial institutions.
 
In the monetary policy statement announced by the Governor of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (“RBZ”) in February 2009, the debt owing by RBZ to Blanket Mine was converted into a Special Tradable Gold-Backed Foreign Exchange Bond, with a term of 12 months and an 8% interest rate. The Bond plus accrued interest is guaranteed by RBZ on maturity.  Blanket Mine has been unable to sell the Bond at an acceptable discount rate and the RBZ did not redeem the Bond on the initial maturity date nor any subsequently advised maturity dates. As a result of the uncertain redemption date and the lack of information coming from the RBZ, the Bond has been written down to nil whilst Blanket continues to retain legal ownership of the RBZ debt.
 
C.  
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a gold sales customer fails to meet its contractual obligation. From 2014, gold sales were made to Fidelity in Zimbabwe and the payment terms stipulated in the service delivery contract have been adhered to in all instances. No funds were outstanding at December 31, 2014, for bullion delivered.

D.  
Liquidity Risk
 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.
 
The Company manages its liquidity by ensuring that there is always sufficient capital to meet its estimated cash requirements, after taking into account cash flows from operations and the Company’s holdings of cash and cash equivalents. The Company believes that these sources will be sufficient to cover the anticipated cash requirements. Senior management is also actively involved in the review and approval of planned expenditures by regularly monitoring cash flows from operations and anticipated investing and financing activities.

The Zimbabwean operations are now covered for Public Liability risk, assets all risk and Comprehensive cover on all motor vehicles.

E.  
Commodity Price Risk
 
The value of the Company’s mineral resource properties is related to the price of gold and the outlook for these minerals. In addition, adverse changes in the price of certain key or high cost operating consumables can significantly impair the Company’s cash flows.

Gold prices historically have fluctuated widely and are affected by numerous factors outside of the Company's control, including, but not limited to, industrial and retail demand, central bank lending, forward sales by producers and speculators, levels of worldwide production, short-term changes in supply and demand because of speculative hedging activities, and macro-economic variables, and certain other factors related specifically to gold. Recent US$ gold price movements have been descending but the effect of devaluation of the Canadian $ and the South African Rand against the US$ has mitigated somewhat against the lower US$ gold price.

Caledonia has not hedged any of its past or future gold sales.
 
ITEM 12 - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Not Applicable.
 
 
60

 
ITEM 13 - DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARS AND DELINQUENCIES
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 14 - MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 15 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, and assessed the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014.  As required by Rule 13(a)-15 under the Exchange Act, in connection with this Annual Report on Form 20-F, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer, we have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014, and we have concluded our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as at December 31, 2014.

B. Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting (“ICOFR”)
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over financial reporting has been designed to provide reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability of financial reporting and the presentation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.
 
Under the supervision and with the participation of the CEO and CFO, Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making their assessment, Management used criteria established in the framework on 1992 Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based upon that assessment, Management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2014.
 
C. Attestation Report of registered public accounting firm
 
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to (i) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which permits us to provide only management's report in this Annual Report; the Dodd-Frank Act permits a "non-accelerated filer" to provide only management's report on internal control over financial reporting in an Annual Report and omit an attestation report of the issuer's registered public accounting firm regarding management's report on internal control over financial reporting and (ii) as we qualify as an "emerging growth company" under section 3(a) of the Exchange Act (as amended by the JOBS Act, enacted on April 5, 2012), and are therefore exempt from the attestation requirement.

D. Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of 17 CFR 240.13a-15 or 240.15d-15 that occurred during the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
61

 

ITEM 16A - AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
 
Caledonia’s Board of Directors has determined, as at March 27, 2015 that the three members of its Audit Committee are considered independent as defined under NI 52-110 and as defined pursuant to Section 803 of the NYSE MKT Company Guide (as such definition may be modified or supplemented) and considered to be financially literate as such terms are defined under National Instrument 52-110 Audit Committees and one of the members can be considered to be an expert.  The financial expert serving on the audit committee is Mr. Johan Holtzhausen.  Mr. Holtzhausen and Messrs., J. Kelly and L. Wilson are all independent directors under the applicable rules.

The SEC has indicated that the designation of an audit committee financial expert does not make that person an "expert" for any purpose, impose any duties, obligations, or liability on that person that are greater than those imposed on members of the audit committee and board of directors who do not carry this designation, or affect the duties, obligations, or liabilities of any other member of the audit committee.
 
ITEM 16B - CODE OF ETHICS
 
On April 8, 2004 the registrant’s Board of Directors adopted a code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.

The registrant has filed a copy of this code of ethics that applies to the registrant’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.  The code of ethics was filed as Exhibit 1 to the 2003 Form 20-F Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.  It has not been amended.
 
The text of this code of ethics has been posted on the Company website. (www.caledoniamining.com)
 
ITEM 16C - PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The following table sets forth the audit service fees billed by our current external auditors, unless stated otherwise, for the years indicated:


 
2014(1)
$ -Cdn
2013(1)
$ -Cdn
 
Audit fees
 
305,633
 
275,000
Audit – related fees
-
32,000
Tax fees (2)
62,285
1,500
All other fees
-
-
TOTAL
367,918
308,500

 
Notes:
 
(1)  
Prior to the start of the audit process, Caledonia’s Audit Committee receives an estimate of the costs, from its auditors and reviews such costs for their reasonableness. After their review and pre-approval of the fees, the Audit Committee recommend to the board of directors to accept the estimated audit fees given by the auditors.
 
(2)  
Tax fees were for assistance provided regarding international tax matters relating to a possible permanent establishment tax exposure and a tax transfer pricing review.
 
ITEM 16D - EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
 
Not Applicable.
 
 
62

 
 
ITEM 16E - PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 16F - CHANGE IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
 
The Audit Committee of the board of directors of the Company conducted a review of the Corporation's audit requirements, and as a result of the review, the audit committee resolved to recommend changing the Company's auditors from BDO Canada LLP (“BDO”) to KPMG Inc.(“KPMG”) effective as of April 30, 2013, being the expiry of BDO's current appointment following the filing of the Corporation’s 2012 Form 20F.  On March 19, 2013, the board of directors of the Company approved the recommendation of the audit committee described above.

 
(i)
The report issued by BDO for the years ended December 31, 2012 did not contain an adverse opinion nor a disclaimer opinion nor was qualified nor modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

 
(ii)
No disagreements with BDO relating to the comparative period of December 31, 2012, on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure.

    (iii)
During the reporting period December 31, 2012 KPMG consulted to the Company on the application of accounting principles relating to the indigenisation transaction of Blanket Mine whereby the Company disposed of 51% of the shareholding of Blanket Mine.  The accounting principles determined to be appropriate are reflected in the annual financial statements for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2012, which was audited and signed off by BDO.

ITEM 16G - CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 16H - MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
 
Not Applicable.
 
ITEM 17 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Responded to in Item 18.
 
ITEM 18 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The financial statements and schedules appear on pages F-1 through F-48 of this Annual Report and are incorporated herein by reference. Our audited financial statements as prepared by our management and approved by the audit committee include:

Consolidated Statements of Profit and loss and other Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

All the above statements are available on the Company’s website – www.caledoniamining.com or under the Company’s profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com

 
63

 
 
ITEM 19 – EXHIBITS
 
Financial Statements

Description
 
Page
Financial Statements and Notes
 
F4- F48

Exhibit List

Exhibit No.
Name
1.1
Articles of Incorporation
1.2
By-laws
4.1
Stock Option Plan
12.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
15.1
Summary of Independent Technical Report and PEA on the Blanket Mine Property in Zimbabwe
15.2
Property and Claims Information Blanket
15.3
Shareholder Rights Plan
15.4
Share Subscription Agreements – Blanket Mine


 
64

 

 
MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
To the Shareholders of Caledonia Mining Corporation:
 
Management has prepared the information and representations in these consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements of Caledonia Mining Corporation (“Group”) have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and, where appropriate, these statements include some amounts that are based on best estimates and judgment. Management has determined such amounts on a reasonable basis in order to ensure that the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects.
 
The Management Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) also includes information regarding the impact of current transactions, sources of liquidity, capital resources, operating trends, risks and uncertainties. Actual results in the future may differ materially from our present assessment of this information because future events and circumstances may not occur as expected.
 
The Group maintains adequate systems of internal accounting and administrative controls, within reasonable cost. Such systems are designed to provide reasonable assurance that relevant and reliable financial information is produced. Our independent auditor has the responsibility of auditing the consolidated financial statements and expressing an opinion on them.
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”). Any system of internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
 
At December 31, 2014 management evaluated the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting and concluded that such internal control over financial reporting was effective and there were no material weaknesses or changes in internal controls identified by management.
 
The Board of Directors, through its Audit Committee, is responsible for ensuring that management fulfils its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Audit Committee is composed of three independent directors. This Committee meets periodically with management and the external auditor to review accounting, auditing, internal control and financial reporting matters.
 
The consolidated financial statements have been audited by the Group’s independent auditor, KPMG Inc., in accordance with Canadian Auditing Standards.  The independent auditor’s report outlines the scope of their examination and their opinion on the consolidated financial statements.
 
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014 were approved by the Board of Directors and signed on its behalf on March 27, 2015.


(Signed) S. R. Curtis                                                                            (Signed) M. Learmonth
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
F-1

 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT OF REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the shareholders of Caledonia Mining Corporation
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Caledonia Mining Corporation, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, consolidated changes in equity and consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information, as set out on pages F-4 to F-48.
 
Management's responsibility for the consolidated financial statements
 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
 
Auditor's responsibility
 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
 
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
 
Opinion
 
In ouropinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Caledonia Mining Corporation as at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
 
/s/ KPMG Inc.
 
KPMG Inc.
Chartered Accountants


85 Empire road
Parktown
Johannesburg
South Africa
March 27, 2015


 
F-2

 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm
 

To the Shareholders of Caledonia Mining Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and cash flows of Caledonia Mining Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2012, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information (“consolidated financial statements”).
 
Management's Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
 
Auditor's Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.  We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.
 
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error.  In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control.  An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audit is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
 
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial performance and cash flows of Caledonia Mining Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2012 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
(Signed) BDO Canada LLP
 
 
Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Ontario
March 26, 2013

 
F-3

Caledonia Mining Corporation
 
Consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
                             
(In thousands of Canadian dollars)
 
 
For the years ended December 31
  Note       2014        2013        2012   
                         
Revenue
          59,082       65,113       75,221  
Less: Royalty
          (3,889 )     (4,544 )     (5,261 )
          Production costs
    8       (30,812 )     (27,412 )     (25,653 )
          Depreciation
            (3,908 )     (3,276 )     (3,392 )
Gross profit
            20,473       29, 881       40,915  
Other income
            28       -       -  
Administrative expenses
    9       (8,157 )     (7,772 )     (4,055 )
Share-based payment expense
    20       -       (68 )     (14,569 )
Foreign exchange gain
            1,176       1,677       (4 )
Indigenisation expenses
            -       -       (1,700 )
Impairment
    12       (196 )     (14,203 )     (330 )
Operating profit
            13,324       9,515       20,257  
Finance income
    10       15       24       79  
Finance cost
    10       (170 )     (132 )     (160 )
Net finance costs
            (155 )     (108 )     (81 )
Profit before tax
            13,169       9,407       20,176  
Tax expense
    11       (6,604 )     (9,897 )     (12,818 )
Profit/(Loss) for the year
            6,565       (490 )     7,358  
Other comprehensive income
                           
Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
                           
Foreign currency translation differences of foreign operations
            3,848       2,254       (1,589 )
Tax on other comprehensive income
    11       122       -       -  
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax
            3,970       2,254       (1,589 )
Total comprehensive income for the year
            10,535       1,764       5,769  
Profit/(Loss) attributable to:
                               
Owners of the Company
            4,897       (3,055 )     8,720  
Non-controlling interests
            1,668       2,565       (1,362 )
Profit/(Loss) for the year
            6,565       (490 )     7,358  
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
                               
Owners of the Company
            8,833       (726 )     7,122  
Non-controlling interests
            1,702       2,490       (1,343 )
Total comprehensive income for the year
            10,535       1,764       5,769  
Earnings/(Loss) per share
                               
Basic earnings/(loss) -  per share ($)
    18       0.093       (0,061 )     0.172  
Diluted earnings/(loss) - per share ($)
    18       0.093       (0,061 )     0,172  
 
The accompanying notes on page F-8 to F-48are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

On behalf of the Board:  “S.R. Curtis” - Director and “M. Learmonth”


 
F-4

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation

Consolidated statements of financial position
   
(In thousands of Canadian dollars)
Note
 
2014
 
2013
As at
   
December 31
December 31
     
$
$
Assets
       
Property, plant and equipment
12
 
40,388
33,448
Total non-current assets
   
40,388
33,448
         
Inventories
13
 
7,571
6,866
Prepayments
   
348
177
Trade and other receivables
14
 
2,040
3,889
Income tax receivable
   
111
-
Cash and cash equivalents
15
 
26,838
25,222
Total current assets
   
36,908
36,154
Total assets
   
77,296
69,602
         
Equity and liabilities
       
Share capital
16
 
57,607
               57,607
Reserves
17
 
159,883
             156,069
Retained loss
   
(159,759)
(161,651)
Equity attributable to shareholders
   
57,731
              52,025
Non-controlling interests
29
 
804
(51)
Total equity
   
58,535
              51,974
         
Liabilities
       
Provisions
21
 
2,888
               1,572
Deferred tax liability
11
 
10,092
               8,522
Total non-current liabilities
   
12,980
             10,094
         
Trade and other payables
22
 
3,791
               4,600
Income tax payable
   
1,990
               1,138
Bank overdraft
15
 
-
               1,796
Total current liabilities
   
5,781
              7,534
Total liabilities
   
18,761
            17,628
Total equity and liabilities
   
77,296
             69,602

 
The accompanying notes on page F-8 to F-48 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
On behalf of the Board:  “S.R. Curtis”- Director and “M. Learmonth”
 
 
 
F-5

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Consolidated statements of changes in equity
(In thousands of Canadian dollars)
 
 
Note
Share
capital
Investment Revaluation Reserve
Foreign
Currency Translation Reserve
 
 
 
Contributed
Surplus
 
Share-
based
payment
reserve
Retained
Loss
 
 
 
Total
 
Non-
controlling interests
(“NCI”)
Total
Equity
   
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
197,137
5
(2,010)
-
*15,682
(153,399)
57,415
(1,796)
55,619
Transactions with owners:
                   
Reduction of stated capital
17
(140,000)
-
-
140,000
-
-
-
-
-
Share-based payment transaction
20
-
-
-
-
68
-
68
-
68
Dividends paid
 
-
-
-
-
-
(5,202)
(5,202)
(745)
(5,947)
Shares issued
16
         470
-
-
-
-
-
470
-
470
Movement in equity
   
(5)
     
5
     
Total comprehensive income:
                   
(Loss)/profit for the year
 
-
-
-
-
-
(3,055)
(3,055)
2,565
(490)
Other comprehensive income for the year
 
-
-
2,329
-
-
-
2,329
(75)
2,254
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
57,607
               -
319
140,000
15,750
(161,651)
52,025
(51)
51,974
Transactions with owners:
                   
Dividends paid
 
-
-
-
-
-
(3,127)
(3,127)
(847)
(3,974)
Total comprehensive income:
                   
Profit for the year
 
-
-
-
-
-
4,897
4,897
1,668
6,565
Other comprehensive income for the year
 
-
-
3,814
-
-
122
3,936
34
3,970
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
57,607
               -
4,133
140,000
15,750
(159,759)
57,731
804
58,535
 
* Refer to notes 5 and 20.

The accompanying notes on page F-8 to F-48 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

On behalf of the Board:  “S.R. Curtis” - Director and “M. Learmonth”
 
 
 
F-6

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Consolidated statements of cash flows
             
(In thousands of Canadian dollars)
             
For the years ended  December 31,
Note
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
   
$
 
$
 
$
 
               
Cash flows from operating activities
23
18,822
 
22,768
 
41,420
 
Interest received
 
15
 
24
 
79
 
Interest paid
 
(133)
 
(132)
 
(160)
 
Tax paid
11
(4,999)
 
(7,974)
 
(11,618)
 
Cash from operating activities
 
13,705
 
14,686
 
29,721
 
               
Cash flows from investing activities
             
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
 
(6,786)
 
(11,738)
 
(7.909)
 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
 
-
 
-
 
38
 
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(6,786)
 
(11,738)
 
(7,871)
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities
             
Dividends paid
 
(3,974)
 
   (5,947)
 
-
 
Advance dividend paid
 
-
 
    (1,987)
 
(3,739)
 
Proceeds from the exercise of share options
16
-
 
           470
 
974
 
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(3,974)
 
(7,464)
 
(2,765)
 
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
2,945
 
(4,516)
 
19,085
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
23,426
 
27,942
 
9,256
 
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held
 
467
 
-
 
(399)
 
Cash and cash equivalents at year end
15
26,838
 
23,426
 
27,942
 

The accompanying notes on page F-8 to F-48 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

On behalf of the Board:  “S.R. Curtis”- Director and “M. Learmonth”

 

 
F-7

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
   1           Reporting entity
 
Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Company”) is a company domiciled in Canada. The address of the Company’s registered office is Suite 4009, 1 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 1A1, Canada. These consolidated financial statements of the Group as at and for the year ended December 31, 2014 comprises the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the “Group” and individually as “Group entities”). The Group is primarily involved in the operation of a gold mine and the exploration and development of mineral properties for precious metals.
 
2          Basis for preparation
 
(i) Statement of compliance
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).
 
The consolidated financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on March 27, 2015.
 
(ii) Basis of measurement
 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for equity-settled share-based payment arrangements measured at fair value on grant date.
 
(iii) Functional and presentation currency
 
These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the functional currency of the Company. All financial information presented in Canadian dollars has been rounded to the nearest thousand.
 
(iv) Going concern
 
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis.
 
3          Use of estimates and judgements
 
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group‘s accounting policies and the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions in estimates are recognised prospectively.
 
(a)  
Judgements
 
i) Indigenisation transaction
 
The indigenisation transaction of the Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited (“Blanket Mine”) required management to make significant judgements and assumptions which are explained in Note 5.

 
 
F-8

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
3
Use of estimates and judgements – (continued)
 
(b)  
Assumptions and Estimation uncertainties
 
i)  
Site restoration provisions
 
The site restoration provision has been calculated for the Blanket Mine based on an independent analysis of the rehabilitation costs as performed in 2012 and based on the internal assessment for Eersteling Gold Mining Company Limited. Estimates and assumptions are made when determining the inflationary effect on current restoration costs and the discount rate to be applied in arriving at the present value of the provision where the time value of money effect is significant. Assumptions, based on the current economic environment, have been made which management believes are a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the future liability. These estimates take into account any material changes to the assumptions that occur when reviewed by management. Estimates are reviewed annually and are based on current regulatory requirements. Significant changes in estimates of contamination, restoration standards and techniques will result in changes to provisions from period to period. Actual rehabilitation costs will ultimately depend on future market prices for the rehabilitation costs which will reflect the market condition at the time the rehabilitation costs are actually incurred.  The final cost of the currently recognized site rehabilitation provisions may be higher or lower than currently provided for.
 
ii)  
Exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) expenditure
 
The application of the Group’s accounting policy for exploration and evaluation expenditures requires judgements when determining which expenditures are recognised as exploration and evaluation assets (“E&E properties”), disclosed under Property, plant and equipment as mineral properties not depreciated.
 
The Group also makes estimates and assumptions regarding the possible impairment of E&E properties by evaluating whether it is likely that future economic benefits will flow to the Group, which may be based on assumptions about future events or circumstances. Estimates and assumptions made may change if new information becomes available. If information becomes available suggesting that the recovery of expenditures is unlikely, the amount capitalized is written off in profit or loss in the period the new information becomes available.
 
The recoverability of the carrying amount of the South African and Zambian mineral properties (if not impaired) is dependent upon the availability of sufficient funding to bring the properties into commercial production, the price of the products to be recovered, the exchange rate of the local currency relative to the currency of funding and the undertaking of profitable mining operations. As a result of these uncertainties, the actual amount recovered may vary significantly from the carrying amount.
 
iii)   Income taxes
 
Significant estimates and assumptions are required in determining the provision for income taxes. There are many transactions and calculations undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Group records its best estimate of the tax liability including the related interest and penalties in the current tax provision. Management believes they have adequately provided for the probable outcome of these matters; however, the final outcome may result in a materially different outcome than the amount included in the tax liabilities.
 
 
F-9

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
In addition, the Group applies judgement in recognizing deferred tax assets relating to tax losses carried forward to the extent that there are sufficient taxable temporary differences (deferred tax liabilities) relating to the same taxation authority and the same taxable entity against which the unused tax losses can be utilized or sufficient estimated taxable income against which the losses can be utilized. However, utilization of the tax losses also depends on the ability of the taxable entity to satisfy certain tests at the time the losses are recouped.
 
3          Use of estimates and judgements - (continued)
 
iv) Share-based payment transactions
 
The Group measures the cost of equity-settled, share based payment transactions with employees, directors as well as with Indigenisation Shareholders (refer note 5 and 20) by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments on the date at which they are granted. Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determining the appropriate valuation model, considering the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determining the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield. Additional information about significant judgements and estimates and assumptions for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in note 20.
 
Option pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected price volatility.  Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, and therefore the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of the Group’s stock options.
 
v) Impairment
 
At each reporting date, the Group determines if impairment indicators exist, and if present, performs an impairment review of the non-financial assets held in the Group. The exercise is subject to various judgemental decisions and estimates. Financial assets are also reviewed regularly for impairment. Further details of the judgements and estimates made for these reviews are set out in Note 4(g).
 
vi) Functional currency
 
The functional currency of each entity in the Group is determined after considering various primary and secondary indicators which require management to make numerous judgement decisions. The determination of the functional currency has a bearing on the translation process and ultimately the foreign currency translation reserve.
 
vii)  Measurement of fair values
 
Some of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosure require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.
 
The Group has established a control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team member who has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements.
 
Significant valuation issues are reported to the Group’s Audit Committee.
 
When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses market observable data as far as possible. Where applicable, fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows:
 
 
F-10

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
 
·
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 
·
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets and liability, either directly (i.e. as price) or indirectly (i.e. derives from prices).
 
·
Level 3: inputs for the assets or liability that are not based for identical assets or observable market data (unobservable inputs).
 
4          Significant accounting policies
 
Except as stated in note 4(p), the accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies have been applied consistently by the Group entities.
 
(a) Basis of consolidation
 
i)  
Subsidiaries
 
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variability in returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases.
 
ii)  
Loss of control
 
When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and any related NCI and other components of equity. Any gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.
 
iii)  
Non-controlling interests
 
NCI are measured at their proportionate share of the carrying amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at fair value at the acquisition date. Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.
 
iv)  
Transactions eliminated on consolidation
 
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
 
 (b) Foreign currency
 
i)  
Foreign operations
 
The functional currency of Caledonia Mining Corporation is the Canadian dollar, and for its subsidiaries it is US dollar, Zambian Kwacha and South African Rand (“ZAR”) respectively. Subsidiary financial statements have been translated to Canadian dollars as follows:
 
·
Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at period end; and
 
·
Income, expenses and cash flow items are translated using the rate that approximates the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

 
 
F-11

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from the item are considered to form part of the net investment in a foreign operation and are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). If settlement is planned or likely in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses are included in profit or loss.

4           Significant accounting policies - (continued)

When the Group disposes of its entire interest in a foreign operation, or loses control, joint control, or significant influence over a foreign operation, the foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in OCI related to the foreign operation are recognized in profit or loss. If an entity disposes of part of an interest in a foreign operation which remains a subsidiary, a proportionate amount of foreign currency gains or losses accumulated in OCI related to the subsidiary are reallocated between controlling and non-controlling interests.

All resulting translation differences are reported in OCI.
 
ii)  
Foreign currency translation
 
In preparing the financial statements of the Group entities, transactions in currencies other than the Group entities’ functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting date, monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the current foreign exchange rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All gains and losses on translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in profit or loss for the year.
 
(c)
Financial instruments
 
i)  
Non-derivative financial assets
 
The Group initially recognises loans and receivables on the date that they are originated. All other financial assets are recognised initially on the trade date at which the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
 
The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate asset or liability.
 
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
 
The Group has the following non-derivative financial assets: trade and other receivables, prepayments as well as cash and cash equivalents.
 
Loans and receivables
 
Loans and receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. The impairment loss on receivables is based on a review of all outstanding amounts at period end. Bad debts are written off during the year in which they are identified. Interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate, except for short-term receivables when the recognition of interest would be immaterial.

Loans and receivables include trade and other receivables and prepayments.
 
 
F-12

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

4           Significant accounting policies - (continued)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with original maturities of three months or less. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.
 
ii)  
Non-derivative financial liabilities
 
Financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date at which the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire.
 
Non-derivative financial liabilities consist of bank overdrafts and trade and other payables.
 
Such financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
 
(d) Share capital
 
Share capital is classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
 
(e)
Property, plant and equipment
 
i)  
Recognition and measurement
 
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located, and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.
 
ii)  
Exploration and evaluation expenditure
 
Exploration costs are expensed as incurred, unless there is a high degree of confidence in the project's viability and it is probable that the project will return future economic benefits to the group when all further pre-production expenditure is capitalised. These costs include evaluation costs.
 
Once the legal right to explore a property has been acquired, costs directly related to exploration and evaluation expenditures (“E&E”) are capitalized in addition to the acquisition costs and disclosed under Property, plant and equipment as mineral properties not depreciated These direct expenditures include such costs as materials used, surveying costs, drilling costs, payments made to contractors, direct administrative costs and depreciation on plant and equipment during the exploration phase. Costs not directly attributable to exploration and evaluation activities, including general administrative overhead costs, are expensed in the year in which they occur.
 
Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting the mineral resource has been determined, the property is considered to be a mine under development. Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment before the assets are transferred to mine under development. All direct costs related to the acquisition, exploration  and development of mineral properties are capitalized until the properties to which they relate are ready for their intended use, sold, abandoned or management has determined there to be impairment. If economically recoverable ore reserves are developed, capitalized costs of the related property are reclassified as mineral properties being depleted.
 
 
F-13

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
4           Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised within other income in profit or loss.
 
iii)  
Subsequent costs
 
The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow
 
to the Group, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
 
iv)  
Depreciation
 
Depreciation is calculated to write off the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value. Depreciation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment, except for mineral properties, since this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset. On commencement of commercial production, depreciation of each mineral property and development is provided for on the unit-of-production basis using estimated proven and probable reserves. Where the total reserves are not determinable because ore bearing structures are open at depth or are open laterally, the straight-line method of depreciation is applied over the estimated life of the mine. Land is not depreciated.
 
The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:
·
buildings 10 to 15 years
·
plant and equipment10 years
·
fixtures and fittings including computers 4 to 10 years
·
motor vehicles 4 years
 
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate.
 
(f)
Inventories
 
 
F-14

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Consumable stores are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of consumable stores is based on the weighted average cost principle, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of gold in process, cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.
 
 
 
 
 
 
F-15

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
4           Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
(g)
Impairment
 
(i)
Financial assets (including receivables)
 
A financial asset not classified as fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.
 
Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired can include default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy, or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost provides objective evidence of impairment.
 
The Group considers evidence of impairment for receivables at both the specific asset and collective level. All individually significant receivables are assessed for specific impairment. All individually significant receivables found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet identified. Receivables that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together receivables with similar risk characteristics. An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account against receivables. Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised through the unwinding of the discount. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.
 
(ii)
Non-financial assets
 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit, or CGU”).
 
 
 
F-16

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


4           Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
The Group’s corporate assets do not generate separate cash inflows. If there is an indication that a corporate asset may be impaired, then the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the corporate asset belongs.
 
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of a CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. The estimated recoverable amount is the greater of its fair value less cost to sell and its estimated value in use. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated to reduce the carrying amount of other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis. Impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been an indication of reversal and a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
 
(iii)
Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets
 
The test for recoverability of E&E assets can combine several CGUs as long as the combination is not larger than a segment. The definition of a CGU does, however, change once development activities have begun. There are special impairment triggers for E&E assets. Despite certain relief in respect of impairment triggers and the level of aggregation, the impairment standard is applied in measuring the impairment of E&E assets. Reversals of impairment losses are permitted in the event that the circumstances that resulted in impairment have changed.
 
E&E assets are only assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of an E&E asset may exceed its recoverable amount and upon transfer to development assets (therefore there is no requirement to assess for indication at each reporting date until the entity has sufficient information to reach a conclusion about the commercial viability and technical feasibility of extraction). Indicators of impairment include the following:
 
·
The entity's right to explore in the specific area has expired or will expire in the near future and is not expected to be renewed.
·
Substantive expenditure on further E&E activities in the specific area is neither budgeted nor planned.
·
The entity has not discovered commercially viable quantities of mineral resources as a result of E&E activities in the area to date and has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area.
·
Even if development is likely to proceed, the entity has sufficient data indicating that the carrying amount of the asset is unlikely to be recovered in full from successful development or by sale.
 
(h)
Employee benefits
 
(i)
Short-term employee benefits
 
Short-term employee benefits are expensed when the related services are provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
 
 
(ii)
Defined contribution plans
 
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to
 
 
F-17

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

  
4           Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that are due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.
 
(I)
Share-based payment transactions
 
(i)
Share-based payment relating to employees and directors
 
The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees and directors is recognised as an expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the vesting period of the award. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market vesting conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that do meet the related service and non-market vesting conditions at the vesting date.
 
Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the statement of comprehensive income over the remaining vesting period or immediately for awards already vested.
 
Where equity instruments are granted to non-employees, they are recorded at the fair value of the goods or services received in the statement of comprehensive income.
 
 (ii)
Share-based payment relating to the indigenisation transaction
 
The grant date fair value of equity-settled share-based payment transactions with Indigenisation Shareholders (note 5) was recognised immediately as an expense in 2012 in the statement of comprehensive income, with a corresponding increase in equity, when the transaction became effective.
 
 
(j)
Provisions
 
A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost.
 
(k)
Site restoration
 
The Group recognises liabilities for statutory, contractual, constructive or legal obligations associated with the retirement of property, plant and equipment, when those obligations result from the acquisition, construction, development or normal operation of the assets.  The net present value of future rehabilitation cost estimates arising from the decommissioning of plant and other site preparation work is capitalized to mineral properties along with a corresponding increase in the rehabilitation provision in the period incurred.  Discount rates using a pre-tax rate that reflects the time value of money and are related to the provision are used to calculate the net present value. The Group’s estimates of rehabilitation costs, which are reviewed annually, could change as a result of changes in regulatory requirements, discount rates, effects of inflation and assumptions regarding the amount and timing of the future expenditures.  These changes are recorded directly to mineral properties with a corresponding entry to the rehabilitation provision.  Changes resulting from production are charged to profit and loss for the period.  The costs of rehabilitation projects that were included in the rehabilitation provision are recorded against the provision as incurred.  The cost of on-going current programs to prevent and control pollution is charged against profit or loss as incurred.
 
 
F-18

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
4          Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
(l)
 
Revenue
 
Revenue from the sale of precious metals is recognized when the metal is accepted at the refinery, risk and benefits of ownership are transferred and the receipt of proceeds is substantially assured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the gold price receivable at the date of the transaction.
 
(m)
Finance income and finance costs
 
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Finance costs comprise interest expense on the rehabilitation provisions and impairment losses recognised on financial assets, interest on bank overdraft balances and also include commitment costs on overdraft facilities. Finance income and finance costs further include foreign exchange differences on financial assets and financial liabilities.
 
Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
 
(n)
 
Income tax
 
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax expense are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
 
(i)  
Current tax
 
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.
 
(ii)  
Deferred tax
 
Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. A deferred tax asset is recognised for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
 
 
F-19

 
 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
4           Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
(o)
Earnings per share
 
The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the adjusted profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Group (see note 18) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, which comprise share options granted to employees and directors as well as any dilution in Group earnings originating from dilutive partially recognised non-controlling interests at a subsidiary level.
 
 (p)
Changes in accounting policies
 
The Group has adopted the following new standards, including any consequential amendments to other standards, with a date of January 1, 2014. The nature and effects of the changes are explained below.
 
Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities
 
The Group does not have financial assets and financial liabilities that are offset. As a result, the amendments to IFRS 7 did not require expanded disclosure about the offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities.
 
IAS 36 Amendment - Disclosure of recoverable amount for non-financial assets
 
The Group has adopted the amendments to IAS 36 (2013) in the year ended December 31, 2014. To the extent that impairment is recognised and the recoverable amount is determined with reference to fair value less costs of disposals, the required additional disclosure has been provided.
 
(q)
Standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not yet effective
 
There are new or revised Accounting Standards and Interpretations in issue that are not yet effective.  Management have considered all of these Standards and Interpretations and have concluded that those that may have an impact on future consolidated financial statements are the following:
 
 
Standard/Interpretation
 
Effective date*
Adoption date by the Group
Amendments to IAS 1
Disclosure Initiative
 
January 1, 2016
January 1, 2016
IFRS 15
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 
January 1, 2017
January 1, 2017
IFRS 9
Financial Instruments
January 1, 2018
January 1, 2018
 
* Annual periods beginning on or after
 

 
F-20

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

4          Significant accounting policies – (continued)
 
Possible impact on the consolidated financial statements
 
 
·
Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 1)
The amendments provide additional guidance on the application of materiality and aggregation when preparing financial statements. The amendments apply for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016 and early application is permitted. The amendment is not expected to result in significant changes to the level of aggregation in the financial statements.
 
 
·
IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers
This standard replaces IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IAS 18 Revenue, IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes, IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate, IFRIC 18 Transfer of Assets from Customers and SIC-31 RevenueBarter of Transactions Involving Advertising Services.
The standard contains a single model that applies to contracts with customers and two approaches to recognising revenue: at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract-based five-step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognised.
This new standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Group since it is not expected to change the timing of when revenue is recognised and the amount of revenue recognised. The Group is currently in the process of performing a more detailed assessment of the impact of this standard on the Group and will provide more information in the year ending December 31, 2016 financial statements.
 
 
·
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
On July 24, 2014, the IASB issued the final IFRS 9 Financial Instruments Standard, which replaces earlier versions of IFRS 9 and completes the IASB’s project to replace IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. This standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Group as measurement categories are similar to IAS 39 even though the criteria for classification into these categories are significantly different. The IFRS 9 impairment model has also been changed from an “incurred loss” model from IAS 39 to an “expected credit loss” model. The change is not expected to increase the provision for bad debts recognised in the Group because of the short gold sales collection period. The Group will adopt the standard in the first annual period beginning on or after January 1, 2018.
 
5
Blanket Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction
 
During 2012 the Group, to comply with Zimbabwean law that requires indigenous Zimbabweans own at least 51% of the Blanket Mine, entered into agreements to transfer a 51% ownership interest in Blanket Mine as follows:
·
Sold a 16% interest to the National Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Fund (“NIEEF”) for US$11.74 million.
·
Sold a 15% interest to Fremiro, which is owned by Indigenous Zimbabweans, for US$11.01 million.

·
Sold a 10% interest to Blanket Employee Trust Services (Private) Limited (BETS) for the benefit of present and future managers and employees for US$7.34 million. The shares in BETS are held by the Blanket Mine Employee Trust (Employee Trust) with Blanket Mine’s employees holding participation units in the Employee Trust.
·
And donated a 10% ownership interest to the Gwanda Community Share Ownership Trust (Community Trust). In addition Blanket Mine paid a non-refundable donation of US$1 million to the Community Trust.

The Group facilitated the vendor funding of these transactions which is repaid by way of dividends from Blanket Mine. 80% of dividends declared by Blanket Mine are used to repay such loans and the remaining 20% unconditionally accrues to the respective Indigenous Shareholders.

 
F-21

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
5
Blanket Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction – (continued)

Outstanding balances on the facilitation loans attract interest at a rate of 10% over the 12-month LIBOR. The timing of the repayment of the loans depends on the future financial performance of Blanket Mine and the extent of future dividends declared by Blanket Mine.

The facilitation loans relating to the group were declared by Caledonia Holdings Zimbabwe (Private) Limited (“CHZ”) (Blanket Mine’s parent company) to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Caledonia Mining Corporation as a dividend in specie on February 14, 2013 and withholding tax amounting to US$1.504 million was paid and expensed on March 5, 2013.

Accounting treatment
The directors of CHZ, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, performed an assessment, using the requirements of IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10), and concluded that CHZ should continue to consolidate Blanket Mine and accounted for the transaction as follows:
·
Non-controlling interests (NCI) are recognised on the portion of shareholding upon which dividends declared by Blanket Mine accrue unconditionally to equity holders as follows:
(a)           20% of the 16%  shareholding of NIEEF;
(b)           20% of the 15%  shareholding of Fremiro;
(c)           100% of the 10% shareholding of the Community Trust.
·      This effectively means that NCI is recognised at Blanket Mine level at 16.2% of the net assets.
·
The remaining 80% of the shareholding of NIEEF and Fremiro is recognised as non-controlling interests to the extent that their attributable share of the net asset value of Blanket Mine exceeds the balance on the facilitation loans including interest. At December 31, 2014 the attributable net asset value did not exceed the balance on the respective loan accounts and thus no additional NCI was recognised.
·
The transaction with the BETS is accounted for in accordance with IAS 19 Employee Benefits (profit sharing arrangement) as the ownership of the shares does not ultimately pass to the employees. The employees are entitled to participate in 20% of the dividends accruing to the 10% shareholding in Blanket Mine if they are employed at the date of such distribution. To the extent that 80% of the attributable dividends exceed the balance on the BETS facilitation loan they will accrue to the employees at the date of such declaration.
·
The Employee Trust and BETS are structured entities which are effectively controlled and consolidated by Blanket Mine. Accordingly the shares held by BETS are effectively treated as treasury shares in Blanket Mine and no NCI is recognised.
 
 
 
 
Indigenisation shareholding percentages and facilitation loan balances
 
Shareholding
NCI
Recognised
NCI subject to
facilitation
loan
Balance of
facilitation
loan at Dec, 31
2014 #
US$’000
 
Dec, 31
2013
US$’000
NIEEF
16%
3.2%
12.8%
11,907
11,742
Fremiro
15%
3.0%
12.0%
11,657
11,402
Community Trust
10%
10.0%
-
-
-
BETS ~
10%
-*
-*
  7,772
7,602
 
51%
16.2%
24.8%
31,336
30,746


 
F-22

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
5   Blanket Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction – (continued)
 
The balance on the facilitation loans is reconciled as follows:
 
USD ‘000’s
Balance at December 31, 2011
 
30,090
Interest accrued
 
656
Dividends used to repay loans
 
-
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
30,746
Interest accrued
 
2,049
Dividends used to repay loans
 
(2,120)
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
30,675
Interest accrued
 
2,407
Dividends used to repay loans
 
(1,746)
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
31,336

*The shares held by BETS are effectively treated as treasury shares (see above).
~ Accounted for under IAS19 Employee Benefits.
# Facilitation loans are accounted for as equity instruments and are accordingly not recognised as loans receivable.

The following indigenisation costs have been incurred:

 
2014
2013
2012
Donation to Gwanda GSCOT
-
-
1,140
Legal fees
-
-
21
Professional consulting fees
-
-
539
 
-
-
1,700

Advance dividends

In anticipation of completion of the underlying subscription agreements, Blanket Mine agreed to an advance dividend arrangements with NIEEF and the Community Trust as follows:

(a)  
Advances to the Community Trust against their right to receive dividends declared by Blanket Mine on their shareholding as follows:
 
·
A US$2 million payment on or before September 30, 2012;
·
A US$1 million payment on or before February 28, 2013; and
·
A US$1 million payment on or before April 30, 2013.
 
These advance payments were debited to a loan account bearing interest at a rate of 10% over the 12-month LIBOR.  The loan is repayable by way of set off of future dividends on the Blanket Mine shares owed by the Community Trust.

(b)  
An advance payment of US$1.8 million to NIEEF against their right to receive dividends declared by Blanket Mine on their shareholding.  The advance payment was debited to an interest-free loan account and was repayable by way of set off of future dividends on the Blanket Mine shares owned by NIEEF. Whilst any amount remained outstanding on the NIEEF dividend loan account, interest on the NIEEF facilitation loan was suspended.

The advance dividend payments were recognised as distributions to shareholders and they are classified as equity instruments. The loans arising are not recognised as loans receivable, because repayment is by way of uncertain future dividends to be declared.

 
F-23

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
5   Blanket Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction – (continued)

(c)  
From January 1, 2015, Blanket will suspend dividend payments until early 2016 as a result of which the repayment of facilitation loans by Blanket’s indigenous shareholders are also suspended. During this period, there will be a moratorium on the interest roll-up on the outstanding facilitation loans.

The movement in the advance dividend loans is reconciled as follows in USD 000’s:

     
NIEEF
Community Trust
Total
     
US$
US$
US$
Balance at January 1, 2013
   
1,800
2,062
3,862
Advanced dividends paid
   
-
2,000
2,000
Interest accrued
   
-
346
346
Dividends used to repay advance dividends
   
(1,442)
(901)
(2,343)
Balance at December 31, 2013
   
358
3,507
3,865
Interest accrued
   
-
334
334
Dividends used to repay advance dividends
   
(358)
(604)
(962)
Balance at December 31, 2014
   
-
3,237
3,237
 
6           Financial risk management
 
Overview
 
The Group has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:
 
·
Currency risk (refer note 24)
·
Interest rate risk (refer note 24)
·
Credit risk (refer note 24)
·
Liquidity risk (refer note 24)
 
This note and note 24 presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these consolidated financial statements.
 
The Group is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks by virtue of its activities. The overall financial risk management program focuses on preservation of capital, and protecting current and future Group assets and cash flows by reducing exposure to risks posed by the uncertainties and volatilities of financial markets.
 
The Board of Directors has responsibility to ensure that an adequate financial risk management policy is established and to approve the policy. The Group’s Audit Committee oversees management’s compliance with the Group’s financial risk management policy.
 
The fair value of the Group’s financial instruments approximates their carrying value unless otherwise noted.
 

 
F-24

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
6  
Financial risk management – (continued)
 
The types of risk exposure and the way in which such exposures are managed are as follows:
 
(a)  
Currency risk
 
The Group is exposed to currency risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in a currency other than the respective functional currencies of Group entities. The Group does not use financial instruments to hedge its exposure to currency risk. Currency risk on the repayment of the sales and purchases are managed by regular repayments of the outstanding amounts.
 
(b)  
Interest rate risk
 
The Group is exposed to interest rate risk arising from its cash and cash equivalents invested with financial institutions as well as its overdraft facility. Management’s policy is to invest cash in financial institutions with a credit –rating of at least “A” that offer the highest interest rates.
 
 (c)           Credit risk
 
Credit risk includes the risk of a financial loss to the Group if a gold sales customer fails to meet its contractual obligation. Gold sales were made to Fidelity Printers and Refiners in Zimbabwe during the year.  The payment terms stipulated in the service delivery contract were adhered to in all circumstances. Cash is deposited only with “A” grade banks.
 
(d)
Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.

The Group manages its liquidity risk by ensuring that there is sufficient capital to meet its likely cash requirements, after taking into account cash flows from operations and the Group’s holdings of cash and cash equivalents. The Group believes that these sources will be sufficient to cover the anticipated cash requirements. Senior management is also actively involved in the review and approval of planned expenditures by regularly monitoring cash flows from operations and anticipated investing and financing activities. Since the inception of dollarization in Zimbabwe in 2009, all appropriate insurance cover has been reinstated. The Zimbabwean operations are now covered for public liability risk, assets all risk and comprehensive cover on all motor vehicles.
 
7           Capital Management
 
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern in order to pursue the mining operations and exploration potential of the mineral properties.
The Group’s capital includes shareholders’ equity, comprising issued share capital, reserves, accumulated other comprehensive income, accumulated deficit, bank loans and non-controlling interests.
 
 
2014
2013
 
$
$
Total equity
58,535
51,974

The Group’s primary objective with respect to its capital management is to ensure that it has sufficient cash resources to maintain its on-going operations, to provide returns for shareholders, accommodate any rehabilitation provisions and to pursue growth opportunities. As at December 31, 2014, the Group is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements and there has been no change with respect to the overall capital risk management strategy.

 
 
F-25

Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
8              Production costs
 
2014
2013
2012
 
$
$
$
Salaries and wages
11,056
10,105
8,491
Consumable materials
16,081
14,470
13,286
Site restoration
32
151
43
Exploration
379
(288)
831
Safety
522
595
251
On mine administration
2,742
2,379
2,751
 
30,812
27,412
25,653
 
9               Administrative expense
 
 
2014
2013
2012
 
  $
  $
$
Investor  relations
567
723
447
Management contract fee
938
879
704
Audit fee
393
333
443
Legal fee and disbursements
797
439
189
Accounting services fee
27
28
83
Listing fees
351
340
151
Directors fees
371
364
194
Salaries and wages
2,542
1,785
1,648
Office costs  - Zambia
989
-
-
Employee benefits relating to indigenisation
155
216
-
Donation to scholarship fund
-
2,096
-
Professional consulting fees
541
-
-
Other
486
569
196
 
8,157
7,772
4,055
 
10               Finance income and finance costs
 
Finance income
2014
2013
2012
 
$
$
$
Interest received – Bank
15
          24
79
       
Finance cost
     
       
Interest paid – Bank
(22)
(30)
(60)
Unwinding of rehabilitation provision
(37)
-
-
Finance charges - Overdraft
(111)
   (102)
(100)
 
(170)
(132)
(160)


 
F-26

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
11               Tax expense
   
2014
2013
2012
Tax recognised in profit or loss
 
$
$
$
         
Current tax expense
 
5,824
7,712
12,547
Income tax– current year
 
5,059
5,139
10,784
Income tax – adjustment for current tax in prior years
 
(215)
-
-
Withholding tax expense
 
980
2,573
1,763
Deferred tax expense
 
780
2,185
 
271
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
 
517
2,185
525
Change in effective tax rate
 
263
-
(254)
         
Tax expense – recognised in profit or loss
 
6,604
9,897
12,818
 
Tax recognised in other comprehensive income
 
Income tax - current year
(122)
-
-
       
Net tax expense
6,482
9,897
12,818
 
Unrecognised deferred tax assets
 
Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of the following items:
 
 
2014
 
2013
2012
 
$
 
$
$
Deductible temporary differences
-
 
3,594
3,338
Tax losses carried forward
23,205
 
16,029
10,478
 
23,205
 
19,623
13,816
 
Taxable losses expire as set out below for the entities making taxable losses within the group. Deferred tax assets have not been recognised for these items because future taxable income is not deemed probable to utilise these benefits against.
 
Year
Amount
2015
1,863
2026
2,780
2027
3,054
2028
2,260
2029
1,661
2030
1,617
2031
2,238
2032
2,667
2033
2,896
2034
4,096
No expiry
51,116
 
76,248
 
 
 
F-27

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
11           Tax expense - (continued)
 
Reconciliation of tax rate
 
 
2014
2014
2013
2013
2012
2012
 
%
$
%
$
%
$
Profit/(Loss) for the year
 
6,565
 
(490)
 
7,358
Total tax expense
 
6,604
 
9,897
 
12,818
Profit before tax
 
13,169
 
9,407
 
20,176
             
Income tax using Company's domestic tax rate
26.5%
3,490
26.5%
2,493
26.5%
5,347
Tax rate differences in foreign jurisdictions
 
(385)
 
 (1,450)
 
(210)
Change in effective tax rate
 
263
 
-
 
(254)
Foreign currency difference
 
37
 
(12)
 
439
Withholding tax – not offsetable
 
205
 
1,837
 
1,763
Share based payment expenses and other non-deductible expenses
 
(373)
 
1,222
 
4,364
Accrual for dispute
 
-
 
-
 
806
Net over provision of taxes in prior years
 
(215)
 
-
 
-
Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets
 
3,582
 
5,807
 
563
Tax expense - recognised in Profit or loss
 
6,604
 
9,897
 
12,818

 
 
Tax paid
2014
 
2013
 
 
2012
 
$
 
$
$
Income tax payable at January, 1
1,138
 
1,518
295
Current and withholding tax expense
5,824
 
7,712
12,547
Income tax recognised through other comprehensive income
(122)
 
-
-
Foreign currency movement
38
 
(118)
294
Tax paid
(4,999)
 
(7,974)
(11,618)
Net Income tax payable at December, 31
1,879
 
1,138
1,518

Net income tax
2014
 
2013
2012
 
$
 
$
$
Income tax receivable *
(111)
 
-
-
Income tax payable
1,990
 
1,138
1,518
 
1,879
 
1,138
1,518

* Receivable is due to an overpayment made to ZIMRA during quarter 4 of 2014 which cannot be offset against other tax jurisdictions.

 
F-28

 
 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
11           Tax expense - (continued)

Recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:

 
Assets
Liabilities
Net
 
2014
2013
2014
2013
2014
2013
 
$
$
$
$
$
$
Property, plant and equipment
-
-
(10,339)
(8,619)
(10,339)
(8,619)
Inventories
-
-
-
   
(85)
Provisions
271
221
-
-
271
221
Other items
-
-
(24)
(39)
(24)
(39)
Tax assets (liabilities)
271
221
(10,363)
(8,743)
(10,092)
(8,522)


Movement in recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities

 
Balance
January 1, 2014
Recognised in
profit or loss
Recognised in
other comprehensive income
Balance
December 31, 2014
Property, plant and equipment
(8,619)
(914)
(806)
(10,339)
Inventories
(85)
-
85
-
Provisions
221
119
(69)
271
Other
(39)
15
-
(24)
Total
(8,522)
(780)
(790)
(10,092)
         

         
 
Balance
January 1, 2013
Recognised in
profit or loss
Recognised in
other comprehensive income
Balance
December 31, 2013
Property, plant and equipment
(6,156)
(2,348)
(115)
(8,619)
Unrealised forex
61
-
(61)
-
Inventories
66
158
(309)
(85)
Provisions
181
40
 
221
Other
(3)
(35)
(1)
(39)
Total
(5,851)
(2,185)
(486)
(8,522)
         
 
Balance
January 1, 2012
Recognised in
profit or loss
Recognised in
other comprehensive income
Balance
December 31, 2012
Property, plant and equipment
(6,466)
143
167
(6,156)
Unrealised forex
119
(49)
9
61
Inventories
59
8
(1)
66
Provisions
373
(182)
(10)
181
Other
(3)
-
-
(3)
Non capital loss carried forward
206
(191)
(15)
-
Total
(5,712)
(271)
(486)
(5,851)

 
 
F-29

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
 
12              Property, plant and equipment
 
   
Land and
buildings
Mineral properties depreciated
Mineral properties not depreciated
Plant and equipment
Fixtures and fittings
Motor vehicles
Total
   
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Cost
               
Balance at January 1, 2013
 
4,534
11,325
10,838
19,346
1,196
1,782
49,021
Additions
 
3,240
2,695
4,451
979
85
288
11,738
Foreign exchange movement
 
       378
971
1,031
1,151
25
149
3,705
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
8,152
14,991
       16,320
21,476
1,306
2,219
64,464
                 
Balance at January 1, 2014
 
8,152
14,991
       16,320
21,476
1,306
2,219
64,464
Additions*
 
592
3,390
1,864
1,921
122
19
7,908
Reallocations between asset classes
 
(640)
1,834
-
(1,197)
3
-
-
Disposals
 
-
-
-
(304)
-
(9)
(313)
Foreign exchange movement
 
742
1,689
(2,763)
2,482
(44)
61
2,167
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
8,846
21,904
15,421
24,378
1,387
2,290
74,226
                 
 
There are commitments to purchase plant and equipment totalling $642 (2013 - $178) at year end.
 
* Included in mineral properties depreciated is an amount of $1,122 relating to rehabilitation asset capitalised refer note 21.
 

 
F-30

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


12           Property, plant and equipment - (continued)
 
   
Land and
buildings
Mineral properties depreciated
Mineral properties not depreciated
Plant and equipment
Fixtures and
fittings
Motor vehicles
Total
Accumulated depreciation and Impairment losses
 
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Balance at January 1, 2013
 
978
2,028
-
7,759
982
803
12,550
Depreciation for the year
 
272
620
-
2,016
70
298
3,276
Impairment (1)
 
(a)399
-
(b)13,713
91
-
-
14,203
Derecognition
 
-
-
-
(443)
-
-
(443)
Foreign exchange movement
 
85
178
620
20
11
73
987
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
1,734
2,826
14,333
        9,886
1,063
1,174
31,016
                 
Balance at January 1, 2014
 
1,734
2,826
14,333
        9,886
1,063
1,174
31,016
Depreciation for the year
 
567
810
-
2,088
86
357
3,908
Disposals
 
-
-
-
(236)
-
(9)
(245)
Impairment
 
-
-
-
180
16
-
196
Foreign exchange movement
 
(252)
358
(930)
(140)
(65)
(8)
(1,037)
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
2,049
3,994
13,403
11,778
1,100
1,514
33,838
                 
Carrying amounts
               
At December 31, 2013
 
6,418
12,165
1,987
11,590
243
1,045
33,448
At December 31, 2014
 
6,797
17,910
2,018
12,600
287
776
40,388
 

 
F-31

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
12           Property, plant and equipment - (continued)
 
(1)  
The impairments detail herein relate to the following:
(a)  
This relates to the cost attributable to mineral rights held by Eersteling Gold Mine. Due to changed legislation this cost no longer has value to the Group. This mineral right does not relate to the application lodged for the New Order Mining Right applied for by Eersteling Gold Mine.
(b)  
This relates to Exploration expenditure incurred at Caledonia Nama Limited in Zambia. The full carrying value of costs previously incurred and capitalised were impaired in 2013 for the following reasons:
 
·
Substantive expenditure on further E&E activities in the specific area is neither budgeted nor planned, and
 
·
The Group has not discovered commercially viable quantities of mineral resources as a result of E&E activities in the area to date and has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area.
 
13              Inventories
 
   
2014
2013
   
$
$
Consumable stores
 
6,932
5,995
Gold in process
 
639
871
   
7,571
6,866
 
Inventory comprises gold in progress at the Blanket Mine and consumable stores utilised by Blanket Mine. Consumables stores are disclosed net of any write downs or provisions of obsolete items.
 
14              Trade and other receivables
 
   
2014
2013
   
$
$
Bullion revenue receivable
 
-
1,662
VAT receivables
 
1,169
1,331
Deposits for stores and equipment and other receivables
 
871
896
   
2,040
3,889
 
The Group's exposure to credit and currency risks, and impairment losses related to trade and other receivables is disclosed in notes 6 and 24.

 
F-32

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
15              Cash and cash equivalents
 
   
2014
2013
   
$
$
Bank balances
 
26,838
25,222
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position
 
26,838
25,222
Bank overdrafts used for cash management purposes
 
-
(1,796)
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows
 
26,838
23,426
 
The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk and a sensitivity analysis for financial assets and liabilities is disclosed in note 24.
 
The bank overdraft facility of US$2.5 million bears interest at 8% above the bank’s base rate. The facility is unsecured, valid for 12 months and is renewable. The facility is repayable on demand.
 
16              Share capital
 
Authorised
   
Unlimited number of ordinary shares of no par value.
Unlimited number of preference shares of no par value.
 
 
Number of fully paid
ordinary shares (1)
Amount
$
Issued
 
December 31, 2012
51,446,178
197,137
Reduction in stated capital (note 17)
-
(140,000)
Share options exercised during the year
671,730
470
December 31, 2013
52,117,908
57,607
December 31, 2014
52,117,908
57,607
 
The holders of ordinary share capital are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are entitled to one vote per share at meetings of the Group.
 
(1) During fiscal 2013 the directors of the Group took a decision to consolidate the issued shares on a 10:1 basis. Subsequent to the consolidation all the fully paid shares are stated after the consolidation effect.
 
17               Reserves
 
Investment revaluation reserve
 
The investment revaluation reserve arises from the valuation of investments at fair value through OCI. The amount was transferred to retained loss in the previous year because the investment was disposed of.
 
Foreign currency translation reserve
 
The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations with functional currencies that differ from the presentation currency.
 
 
F-33

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
Share-based payment reserve
 
The share-based payment reserve comprises the fair value of equity instruments granted to employees, directors and service providers under share option plans and equity instruments issued to Zimbabwe indigenisation shareholders under the Indigenisation Transaction (refer Note 5).
 
Contributed surplus
 
The contributed surplus reserve comprises the reduction in stated capital as approved by shareholders at the special general meeting on January 24, 2013 so as to be able to commence dividend payments.
 
Reserves
2014
2013
 
$
$
Foreign currency translation reserve
4,133
319
Share-based payment reserve
15,750
15,750
Contributed surplus
140,000
140,000
Total - December 31
159,883
156,069
 
18               Earnings/(Loss) per share
 
Basic earnings/(loss) per share
 
The calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share at December 31, 2014 was based on the adjusted profit/(loss) attributable to shareholders of $4,843 (2013:($3,160), 2012: 8,720), and a weighted average number of shares outstanding of 52,117,908 (2013: 51,986,466, 2012:50,597,068).
 
Weighted average number of shares
 
(In number of shares)
 
Note
   
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
                         
Issued share capital at January 1
  16       52,117,908       51,446,178       50,054,928  
Weighted average issues during the year
            -       540,288       542,140  
Weighted average number of shares at December 31
            52,117,908       51,986,466       50,597,068  

   
2014
   
2013
   
2012
 
      $       $       $  
Profit/(Loss) attributable to shareholders
    4,897       (3,055 )     8,720  
Blanket Mine Employee Trust Adjustment
    (54 )     (105 )     -  
Adjusted profit/(loss) attributable to shareholders
    4,843       (3,160 )     8,720  
                         
Basic earnings/(loss) per share -$
    0.093       (0.061 )     0.172  
 

 
F-34

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
18               Earnings/(Loss) per share – (continued)
 
 
·
Basic earnings are adjusted for the amounts that accrue to other equity holders of subsidiaries upon the full distribution of post-acquisition earnings to shareholders.
 
·
Diluted earnings is calculated on the basis that the unpaid ownership interests of Blanket Mine’s Indigenisation shareholders are effectively treated as options whereby the weighted average fair value for the period of the Blanket Mine shares issued to Indigenous Zimbabweans and which are subject to settlement of the loan accounts is compared to the balance of the loan accounts and any excess portion is regarded as dilutive.  The difference between the number of Blanket Mine shares subject to the settlement of the loan accounts and the number of Blanket Mine shares that would have been issued at the average fair value during the period of the Blanket Mine shares is treated as the issue of shares for no consideration and regarded as dilutive shares.  The calculated dilution is taken into account with additional earnings attributable to the dilutive shares in Blanket Mine, if any.
 
The interest of NIEEF and Fremiro shareholding were anti-dilutive in the current year (i.e. the value of the options was less than the outstanding loan balance) and accordingly there was no adjustment to fully diluted earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders.
 
The calculation of diluted earnings per share at December 31, 2014 was based on the adjusted profit/(loss) attributable to shareholders of $4,843 (2013: ($3,160), 2012:8,720), and a weighted average number of shares and potentially dilutive shares outstanding of 52,145,469 (2013: 52,007,646, 2012: 50,833,182), calculated as follows:
 
Weighted average number of shares
 
(In number of shares)
2014
2013
2012
       
Weighted average number of shares (basic) at December 31
52,117,908
51,986,466
50,597,068
Effect of dilutive options
27,561
21,180
236,114
Weighted average number of  shares (diluted) at December 31
52,145,469
52,007,646
50,833,182
Diluted earnings per share - $
0.093
($0.061)
0.172
 
The average market value of the Company’s shares for purposes of calculating the dilutive effect of share options was based on quoted market prices for the year during which the options were outstanding. The potential dilutive effect of 2,538,359 options (2013 – 2,576,920, 2012 – 2,577,900) was excluded from the above calculations because these options were anti-dilutive.
 
19              Defined Contribution Plan
 
Under the terms of the Mining Industry Pension Fund (“Fund”) in Zimbabwe, eligible employees contribute a fixed percentage of their eligible earnings to the Fund. Blanket Mine makes a matching contribution plus an inflation levy as a fixed percentage of eligible earnings of these employees. The total contribution by Blanket Mine for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $489 (2013: $445).

 
F-35

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

20              Share-based payments
 
At December 31, 2014 the Group has the following share-based payment arrangements:
 
(a) Share option programme (equity-settled)
 
The Group has established a rolling stock option plan (the "Plan") for employees, officers, directors, consultants and other service providers. In accordance with the Plan, options are granted with exercise prices equal to the market price of the shares at the date of grant and vests immediately.
 
Terms and conditions of share option program
 
The terms and conditions relating to the grants under the Plan are that all options are to be settled by physical delivery of shares. Under the current Plan, the maximum term of the options is 5 years.  Under the Plan, the aggregate number of shares that may be issued will not exceed 10% of the number of the shares issued of the Company.
 
At December 31, 2014, the Company has the following options outstanding:

Number of Options
Exercise Price
Expiry Date(1)
 
$
 
1,461,000
1.30
Jan 31, 2016
30,000
0.70
May 11, 2016
884,920
0.90
Sept 10, 2017
190,000
0.72
Nov 21,2018
2,565,920
   
 
(1)  
In terms of the approved Plan, the expiry date of options that expire in a closed period will be extended by 10 days from the cessation of the close period.
 
The continuity of the options granted, exercised, cancelled and expired under the Plan during 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
 
 
Number of Options
Weighted Avg. Exercise Price
 
   
                         $
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2012
3,329,650
1.05
 
Exercised
(671,730)
0.70
 
Granted
190,000
0.72
 
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013
2,847,920
1.11
 
Exercised
-
-
 
Expired or forfeited
(282,000)
1.13
 
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2014
2,565,920
1.11
 
 
The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding options is 1.81 years (2013: 2.76 years).
 
 
F-36

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
20              Share-based payments – (continued)
 
The vesting of options is determined at the discretion of the board of directors, at the time the options are granted.
 
Inputs for measurement of grant date fair values
 
The fair value of share based payments noted above was estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model with the following assumptions.
 
       
       
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.95%
Expected dividend yield
   
Nil
Expected stock price volatility (based on historical volatility)
   
57.88%
Expected option life in years
   
5
Exercise price
   
0.72
Share price at grant date
   
0.72
Fair value at grant date
   
0.356
Expected forfeiture rate
   
0%

No share based payments were granted during 2014. Costs relating to share based payments granted amounted to Nil (2013: $68, 2012:14,569). The 2012 expense included and amount of 14,161 for the option value of the Blanket mine indigenisation transaction and 408 relating to share options granted to employees.

 
(b) Equity instruments granted under the Blanket Mine Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction

The equity instruments granted under the Blanket Mine Zimbabwe Indigenisation Transaction (refer note 5), excluding Blanket Mine Employee Trust Services (Private) Limited (BETS), were accounted for as share-based payments under IFRS 2 Share Based Payment, whilst the equity instruments granted to BETS have been accounted for under IAS 19 Employee benefits.

The fair value of the equity instruments on the grant date of September 5, 2012 was determined for each transaction as being the sum of the present value of the following components:
 
·
The value of the shares at the point that any loans provided to purchase the shares or fund advance dividends are paid off;
 
·
The value of any advance dividends paid to participants;
 
·
The value of any “trickle dividends”, being the 20% entitlements, paid to participants while the loans to purchase the shares are outstanding.
 
To determine the fair value of the equity-settled share-based payment and take into account the unique features of each transaction, the Monte Carlo Simulation technique was used as the valuation model to allow for the uncertainty around the potential scenarios that affect the value of each arrangement. Projected market values were estimated using a stochastic modelling methodology based on Geometric Brownian Motion model. Additional equity instruments will vest to the Non-controlling interest to the extent that their attributable share of the net asset value of Blanket Mine exceeds the balance on the facilitation loans including interest. Refer to note 5 for the accounting treatment of the Non-controlling interests.

 
F-37

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


20
Share-based payments – (continued)

Assumptions used based on the grant date of September 5, 2012 were as follows:

Fair value of Blanket Mine
$45,065
Expected volatility (based on historical volatility)
65%
Risk free rates
USD swap curve with country specific adjustments
Country specific adjustment
17.3%
Dividend yield
14.8%
Withholding tax
5% of dividends
Interest on loans
10%

 
21
Provisions
 
Site restoration
 
Site restoration relates to the net present value of the estimated cost of closing down the mine and site and environmental restoration costs, estimated to be paid in 2026 (Blanket Mine) based on the estimated life of mine. Site restoration costs are capitalised to mineral properties depreciated at initial recognition and amortised systematically over the estimated life of the mine.

 
$
Balance at January 1,2013
1,015
Foreign currency adjustment
1
Unwinding of discount
(1)
Change in estimate during the year
557
Balance at December 31,2013
1,572
   
Balance at January 1,2014
1,572
Foreign currency adjustment
 
 
 
125
Unwinding of discount
37
Change in estimate during the year
 
- adjusted through profit or loss
32
- adjustment capitalised in Property, plant and equipment
1,122
Balance at December 31,2014
2,888
 
The discount rates currently applied in the calculation of the net present value of the Blanket mine provision is 2.32% (2013 - 2.75%). The Eersteling mine is under care and maintenance and the provision is not discounted. The gross rehabilitation costs before discounting amounted to $2,890 (2013 - $1,760) for Blanket mine and $716 (2013 - $697) for Eersteling mine.
 
 
F-38

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
22              Trade and other payables
 
       
$
 
$
Trade payables
     
1,007
 
1,026
Other payables and accrued expenses
     
2,784
 
3,574
       
3,791
 
4,600
 
The Group’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is disclosed in note 6 and note 24.
 
The Directors consider the carrying amounts of trade and other payables as a reasonable approximation of their fair values.
 
23               Cash flow information
 
Non-cash items and information presented separately on the cash flow statement:
 
2014
2013
2012
 
$
$
 
Operating profit
13,324
9,515
20,257
Adjustments for:
     
Loss on scrapping of Property, plant and equipment
68
-
-
Site restoration
32
556
(91)
Share-based payment expense
-
68
14,569
Depreciation
3,908
3,276
3,392
Impairment
196
14,203
330
Cash generated by operations before working capital changes
17,528
27,618
38,457
Inventories
(159)
(1,767)
(1,151)
Prepayments
(234)
(51)
195
Trade and other receivables
3,420
(2,226)
1,846
Trade and other payables
(1,733)
(806)
2,073
Cash flows from operating activities
18,822
22,768
41,420
 
24               Financial instruments
 
Credit risk
 
Exposure to credit risk
 
The carrying amount of financial assets as disclosed in the statements of financial position and related notes represents the maximum credit exposure.
 
The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade and other receivables at the reporting date by geographic region was:
 
 
F-39

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 

 
24               Financial instruments – (continued)
 
Carrying amount
   
2014
 
2013
     
$
 
$
Canada
   
98
 
-
Other regions
   
773
 
3,889
     
871
 
3,889

Impairment losses
 
None of the trade and other receivables is past due at the year-end date and were estimated at a level 3 fair value hierarchy. No factors existed at year end that could cause doubt about the credit quality or recoverability of the trade and other receivables.
 
 
Liquidity risk
 
The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements.
December 31, 2014
Carrying
amount
6 months or
less
 
$
$
Non-derivative financial liabilities – Level 3
   
Trade and other payables
2,317
2,317
 
2,317
2,317
     
 
 
   
December 31, 2013
Carrying
amount
6 months or
less
 
$
$
Non-derivative financial liabilities – Level 3
   
Trade and other payables
4,600
4,600
Bank overdraft
1,796
1,796
 
6,396
6,396
 
Currency risk
 
As the Group operates in an international environment, some of the Group’s financial instruments and transactions are denominated in currencies other than the Canadian Dollar. The results of the Group’s operations are subject to currency transaction risk and currency translation risk. The operating results and financial position of the Group are reported in Canadian dollar in the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
 

 
F-40

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
24               Financial instruments – (continued)
 
The fluctuation of the Canadian dollar in relation to other currencies will consequently have an impact upon the profitability of the Group and may also affect the value of the Group’s assets and liabilities and the amount of shareholders’ equity.
 
As noted below, the Group has certain financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Group does not use any derivative instruments to reduce its foreign currency risks. To reduce exposure to currency transaction risk, the Group maintains cash and cash equivalents in the currencies used by the Group to meet shortterm liquidity requirements.
 
Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the Canadian dollar that would be affected by changes in exchange rates relative to the Canadian dollar.  The values are the Canadian dollar equivalent of the respective asset or liability that is denominated in US dollars or South African rands.

 
2014
 
2013
 
$
 
$
Cash and cash equivalents
26,512
 
25, 042
Bank overdraft
-
 
(1,796)
Trade and other receivables
773
 
3,887
Prepayments
348
 
177
Trade and other payables
(2,199)
 
(5,160)

The following exchange rates applied during the year:

 
Average rate during the year
Spot rate
 
2014
2013
December 31,
2014
December 31,
2013
(In Canadian dollars)
$
$
$
$
USD 1
1.1041
1.0300
1.1627
1.0696
Rand 1
0.1018
0.1071
0.1001
0.1019
Kwacha 1
0.1785
0.1895
0.1808
0.1921
 

 
F-41

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
24
Financial instruments – (continued)
 
Sensitivity analysis
 
As a result of the group’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies which is different to the functional currency of the underlying entities, the profit or loss in the underlying entities could be affected by movements between the functional currency and the foreign currency. The table below indicates net monetary assets/(liabilities) in the group that have a different functional currency and foreign currency. Amounts are indicated before elimination of intergroup balances.
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
CAD’000
 
CAD’000
 
Functional currency
 
Functional currency
USD denominated balance – Foreign currency
Rand
Kwacha
 
Rand
Kwacha
           
Cash and cash equivalents
12,084
12
 
8,069
41
Intercompany balances*
(70,280)
(29,321)
 
(64,640)
(26,968)
       
 
* These intercompany balances represent the exposure to foreign currency risk between functional currencies and foreign currencies at a subsidiary level. These balances eliminates on consolidation.
 
A 5% strengthening or weakening of the various functional currencies against the foreign currencies, for cash and cash equivalents, would have the following effect on profit or (loss) after tax for the group:
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
CAD’000
 
CAD’000
 
Functional currency
 
Functional currency
 
Rand
Kwacha
 
Rand
Kwacha
5% Strengthening
442
5
 
290
4
5% Weakening
(442)
(5)
 
(290)
(4)
 
A 5% strengthening or weakening of the various functional currencies against the foreign currencies, for intercompany balances, which is allocated on consolidation to the foreign currency translation reserve within equity for the Group and have the following effect:
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
CAD’000
 
CAD’000
 
Functional currency
 
Functional currency
 
Rand
Kwacha
 
Rand
Kwacha
5% Strengthening
3,510
1,456
 
2,327
1,348
5% Weakening
(3,510)
(1,456)
 
(2,327)
(1,348)
 
 
F-42

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
Interest rate risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk borne by an interest-bearing asset or liability as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. Unless otherwise noted, it is the opinion of management that the Group is not exposed to significant interest rate risk as it has no debt financing apart from short term borrowings utilized in Zimbabwe.  The Group’s cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that earn interest at market rates. The Group manages its interest rate risk by endeavouring to maximize the interest income earned on excess funds while maintaining the liquidity necessary to conduct operations on a day-to-day basis. The Group’s policy focuses on preservation of capital and limits the investing of excess funds to liquid term deposits in high credit quality financial institutions.
 
25              Dividends
 
The following dividends were declared and paid by the Company (excluding NCI) for the year ended December, 31 2014.
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
$
 
$
$0.0600 per qualifying share (2013: $0.0998)
3,127
 
5,202
 
26              Contingencies
 
The Group may be subject to various claims that arise in the normal course of business. Management believes there are no contingent liabilities of the Group arising from claims.
 
27              Related parties

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity. Directors of the company, as well as certain mine managers are considered key managers.

A service agreement between Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited and Mr. Curtis includes an option to terminate the contract in the event of a change in control of the Company and to receive a severance payment equal to two years’ compensation.  If this was triggered as at December 31, 2014 the severance payment would have amounted to US $820. The contract also includes a payment of one month’s pay per year of service rendered by Mr Curtis if Caledonia terminates his services. A change in control would constitute:
·         the acquisition of more than 50% of the ordinary shares; or
·         the acquisition of right to exercise the majority of the voting rights of ordinary shares; or
·         the acquisition of the right to appoint the majority of the board of directors; or
·         the acquisition of more than 50% of the assets; of
 
 Greenstone Management Service Proprietary Limited or Caledonia Mining Corporation.
 
2014
2013
 
 
2012
 
$
$
$
Directors fees, Salaries and bonuses
1,966
1,526
1,357
Share-based payments
-
36
401
 
1,966
1,562
1,758
 
In addition, Blanket Mine also contributes to a defined contribution plan on behalf of eligible employees. For the terms of the plan refer to note 19: Defined Contribution Plan.
 
 
F-43

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


27               Related parties – (continued)

Employees, officers, directors, consultants and other service providers also participate in the Group's share option program (see note 20).

Key management personnel and director transactions:

A number of those entities transacted with the Group in the reporting period. The aggregate value of transactions and outstanding balances relating to key management personnel and entities over which they have control or significant influence were as follows:


     
Outstanding balance
     
As at December 31,
 
Note
2014
2013
2012
2014
2013
   
$
$
$
$
$
Management contract fees, allowances and bonus paid or accrued to a company for management services provided by the Group’s former President and Chief Executive Officer.
(i)
938
736
704
-
-
Rent for office premises paid to a company owned by members of the former President’s family.
(ii)
142
38
43
-
-
Legal fees and disbursements up to retirement.
 
-
88
111
-
-
Directors fees paid.
 
326
285
215
-
-
 
(i)  
On July 15, 2014 Caledonia served a six month notice to Epicure Overseas S.A. for the termination of the contract between Caledonia and Epicure for the provision of the services of Mr. Stefan Hayden, who was at that time Caledonia’s President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”).  Negotiations for alternative arrangements to secure the continued services of Mr. Hayden as President and CEO failed to reach agreement.  Accordingly, on November 18, 2014 Mr. Hayden stepped down as President and CEO and on December 6, 2014, Mr. Hayden resigned as a director of Caledonia.  No payments other than the contractual payments that were due to Epicure Overseas SA for the provision of the services of Mr. Hayden during the notice period were made.
 
(ii)  
The contract expires September 2015.
 
Refer to note 5 and note 29 for transactions with Non-controlling interests.
 
 
F-44

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


28              Group entities
 
           
 
Country of
incorporation
Legal
shareholding
Intercompany balances
with Holding company
   
2014
2013
2014
2013
Subsidiaries of the Company
 
            %
%
   
Caledonia Holdings Zimbabwe (Private) Limited
Zimbabwe
100
100
-
-
Caledonia Mining Services Limited
Zimbabwe
100
100
-
-
Caledonia Kadola Limited
Zambia
100
100
-
-
Caledonia Mining (Zambia) Limited
Zambia
100
100
(18,021)
(16,575)
Caledonia Nama Limited
Zambia
100
100
(11,200)
(13,301)
Caledonia Western Limited
Zambia
100
100
-
-
Mulonga Mining Limited
Zambia
100
100
-
-
Dunhill Enterprises Inc.
Panama
100
100
-
-
Eersteling Gold Mining Corporation Limited
South Africa
100
100
(14,632)
(13,450)
Fintona Investments (Proprietary) Limited
South Africa
100
100
(17,277)
(15,890)
Greenstone Management Services (Proprietary) Limited
South Africa
100
100
(4,425)
(4,070)
Greenstone Management Services Limited
United Kingdom
100
100
9,122
8,390
Maid O’ Mist (Proprietary) Ltd
South Africa
100
100
-
-
Mapochs Exploration (Proprietary) Ltd
South Africa
100
100
-
-
Caledonia Holdings (Africa) Limited
Barbados
100
100
-
-
Blanket (Barbados) Holdings Limited
Barbados
100
100
-
-
Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited(3)
Zimbabwe
(2)49
49
-
-
Blanket Employee Trust Services (Private) Limited (BETS) (1)
Zimbabwe
-
-
-
-
Blanket Mine Employee Trust (Employee Trust)(1)
Zimbabwe
-
-
-
-
Mulonga Mining Guernsey
Guernsey
100
100
-
-
() BETS and the Employee Trust are consolidated as structured entities.
(2)Refer to Note 5, for the effective shareholding. NCI has a 16.2% interest in cash flows of Blanket only.
(3)Blanket has no subsidiary companies.

 
F-45

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
29               Operating Segments
 
The Group's operating segments have been identified based on geographic areas.

The Group has four reportable segments as described below, which are the Group's strategic business units. The strategic business units are managed separately because they require different technology and marketing strategies. For each of the strategic business units, the Group’s CEO reviews internal management reports on at least a quarterly basis. The following geographical areas describe the operations of the Group's reportable segments: Corporate, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Zambia. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as described in note 4.

The Corporate segment comprise the holding company and Greenstone Management Services Limited (UK) responsible for administrative functions within the group. The Zimbabwe operating segments comprise of Caledonia Holdings Zimbabwe Limited and subsidiaries. The Zambia segments consist of Nama copper project and cobalt project. The South Africa geographical segment comprise a gold mine as well as sales made by Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited to the Blanket Mine.

Information regarding the results of each reportable segment is included below. Performance is measured based on segment profit before income tax, as included in the internal management report that are reviewed by the Group's CFO. Segment profit is used to measure performance as management believes that such information is the most relevant in evaluating the results of certain segments relative to other entities that operate within these industries.
 
Information about reportable segments
 
2014
 
Corporate
   
Zimbabwe
   
South Africa
   
Zambia
   
Inter-group eliminations adjustments
   
Total
 
    $     $     $     $     $     $  
External Revenue
    4,106       59,082       7,913       -       (12,019     59,082  
Royalty     -        (3,889      -        -        -        (3,889)  
Production costs
    -       (31,506     (6,907     -       7,601       (30,812
Management fee
    -       (5,167     5,167       -       -       -  
Other income
    -       18       10       -       -       28  
Administrative expenses
    (3,439     (481     (3,248     (989     -       (8,157
Depreciation
    -       (3,888     (20     -       -       (3,908
Impairment
    -       (89     -       (107     -       (196
Finance income
    15       -       -       -       -       15  
Finance expense
    -       (170     -       -       -       (170
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)
    54       -       1,122       -       -       1,176  
Segment profit before income tax
    736       13,910       4,037       (1,096     (4,418     13,169  
Tax expense
    (1,178     (3,968     (1,458     -       -       (6,604
Segment profit after income tax
    (442     9,942       2,579       (1,096     (4,418     6,565  

 
 
F-46

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


 
28               Operating Segments – (continued)
 
 
   
2014
Corporate
Zimbabwe
South Africa
Zambia
Inter-group eliminations adjustments
Total
 
 
$
$
$
$
$
$
 
Geographic segment assets:
 
             
Current
12,520
12,148
13,700
51
(1,511)
36,908
 
Non-Current (excluding intercompany)
56
41,646
356
-
(1,670)
40,388
 
Expenditure on property, plant and equipment – cash
-
6,627
52
107
-
6,786
 
Intercompany balances
118,502
1,748
33,788
-
(154,038)
-
 
               
Geographic segment liabilities
 
             
Current
(1,146)
(2,804)
(1,831)
-
-
(5,781)
 
Non-current (excluding intercompany)
-
(12,291)
(689)
-
-
(12,980)
 
Intercompany balances
(39,479)
(1,049)
(84,187)
(29,323)
154,038
-
 
             
 
 
 
 

2013     Corporate        Zimbabwe        South Africa        Zambia       
Inter-group eliminations adjustments
     
Total
 
                                         
                                                 
                                                 
External Revenue
    -       65, 113       10618.00       -       (10618.00 )     65113.00  
Royalty      -        (4,544     -                        (4,544 )  
Production costs
    -       (28580.00 )     (9749.00 )     -       10917.00       (27412.00 )
Management fee
    -       (4820.00 )     4820.00       -       -       -  
Other income/(expense)
    5770.00       (5770.00 )     -                       -  
Administrative expenses
    (2872.00 )     (2380.00 )     (2304.00 )     -       (216.00 )     (7772.00 )
Share-based payment expenses
    (68.00 )     -       -       -               (68.00 )
Depreciation
    -       (3491.00 )     (15.00 )     -       230.00       (3276.00 )
Impairment
    -       (91.00 )     (399.00 )     (13713.00 )             (14203.00 )
Finance income
    24.00       -       -       -               24.00  
Finance expense
    -       (132.00 )     -       -               (132.00 )
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)
    111.00       1.00       2336.00       -       (771.00 )     1677.00  
Segment profit before income tax
    2965.00       15306.00       5307.00       (13713.00 )     (458.00 )     9407.00  
Tax expense
    (1842.00 )     (6482.00 )     (1573.00 )     -       -       (9897.00 )
Segment profit after income tax
    1123.00       8,824 113,64586       3734.00       (13713.00 )     (458.00 )     (490.00 )

 
 
F-47

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)


 
28               Operating Segments – (continued)
 
 
2013
   
Corporate
   
Zimbabwe
   
South Africa
   
Zambia
   
Inter-group eliminations adjustments
   
Total
 
Geographic segment assets:
                                     
Current
      15,064       10,599       10,446       45       -       36,154  
Non-Current (excluding intercompany)
      55       34,840       331       -       (1,778 )     33,448  
Expenditure on property, plant and equipment
      -       9,461       35       2,637       (395 )     11,738  
Intercompany balances
      60,893       1,773       6,287       -       (68,953 )     -  
                                                   
Geographic segment liabilities
                                                 
Current
      (160 )     (5,731 )     (1,635 )     (8 )     -       (7,534 )
Non-current (excluding intercompany)
      -       (9,360 )     (734 )     -       -       (10,094 )
Intercompany balances
      (3,601 )     (783 )     (38,623 )     (25,946 )     68,953       -  
 
 
 
      Corporate       Zimbabwe       South Africa      Zambia       
Inter-group eliminations adjustments
     
Total
 
2012   $     $     $           $     $  
External Revenue
    -       75221.00       8054.00       -       (8054.00 )     75221.00  
Royalty      -       (5,261     -        -        -        (5,261
Production costs
    -       (26842.00 )     (7202.00 )     -       8391.00       (25653.00 )
Management fee
    -       (4761.00 )     4761.00       -       -       -  
Other income/(expense)
    5770.00       (5770.00 )     -                       -  
Administrative expenses
    (2390.00 )     (214.00 )     (1451.00 )     -       -       (4055.00 )
Share-based payment expenses
    (408.00 )     (14161.00 )     -       -       -       (14569.00 )
Depreciation
    -       (3414.00 )     (183.00 )     -       205.00       (3392.00 )
Impairment
    -       (330.00 )     -       -       -       (330.00 )
Finance income
    17.00       62.00       -       -       -       79.00  
Finance expense
    -       (160.00 )     -       -       -       (160.00 )
Indigenisation costs
    (292.00 )     (1396.00 )     (12.00 )     -       -       (1700.00 )
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)
    -       (4.00 )     453.00       -       (453.00 )     (4.00 )
Segment profit before income tax
    (3073.00 )     18740.00       4420.00       -       89.00       20176.00  
Tax expense
    -       (11482.00 )     (1336.00 )     -       -       (12818.00 )
Segment profit after income tax
    (3073.00 )     7,258 113,64586       3084.00       -       89.00       7358.00  

 
 
F-48

 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

 
Major customer
 
Revenues from Fidelity Printers in Zimbabwe amounted to approximately $59,082.Revenues from Rand Refinery and Metalor technologies in Switzerland amounted to $65,113 in 2013. In 2012 Revenue from Rand Refinery in South Africa amounted to $75,221.
 
 
29
Non-controlling interests
 
Blanket Mine (1983) (Private) Limited NCI % - 16.2
 
   
2014
2013
 
   
$
$
 
Current assets
 
12,148
10,599
 
Non-current assets
 
43,394
34,840
 
Current liabilities
 
(2,804)
(5,731)
 
Non-current liabilities
 
(12,291)
(9,360)
 
Net assets
 
40,447
30,348
 
         
Carrying amount of NCI
 
804
(51)
 
         
Revenue
 
59,082
65, 113
 
Profit
 
10,301
15,833
 
Other comprehensive income
 
-
-
 
Total comprehensive income
 
10,301
15,833
 
         
         
 
2014
2013
2012
 
 
$
$
$
 
Profit allocated to NCI
1,668
2,565
(1,362)
 
OCI allocated to NCI
34
(75)
19
 
Dividend paid to NCI
(847)
(745)
(5,707)
 
         
 
30                Subsequent events
 
No material subsequent events to report.
 

 
F-49

 
 

 
SIGNATURE
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
 
Date           March 27, 2015
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
   
By:  
/s/ Steven Curtis
 
Steven Curtis
Chief Executive Officer
 

 

 



F-50



















 
 
 


 


COMPANY ACT
 
ARTICLES
- of -
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
 
PART 1 - INTERPRETATION
 
1.1 In these Articles, unless the context otherwise requires:
 
(a)  
"Board of Directors" or "Board" means ths directors of the Company for the time being;
 
(b)  
"Company Act" means the Company Act of trie Province of British Columbia from time to time in force and all amendments thereto and includes all regulations and amendments thereto made pursuant to that Act;
 
      (c) "directors" means the directors of the Company for the time being;
 
(d)  
"month" means calendar month;
 
(e)  
"ordinary resolution" has the meaning assiqned thereto by the Company Act;
 
(f)  
"register" means the register of membeis to be kept pursuant to the Company Act;
 
(g)  
"registered address" of a member shall be his address as recorded in the register;
 
(h)  
"registered address" of a director means his address as recorded in the Company's register of directors to be kept pursuant to the Company Act;
 
(i)  
"seal" means the common seal of the Company, if the Company has one;
 
(j)  
 "special resolution" has the meaning assigned thereto by the Company Act.
 
1.2 Expressions referring to writing shall be construed as including references to printing, lithography, typewriting, photography and other modes of representing or reprodicing words in a visible form.
 
1.3 Words importing the singular include the pi.ural and vice versa; and words importing a male person include a female person and a corporation;
 
 
 
 

 
 
1.4    The definitions in the Company Act siall with the necessary changes and so far as applicable apply to these Articles.
 
1.5    The regulations contained in Table "A" in the First Schedule to the Company Act shall not apply to the Company.
 
PART 2 - SHARE AND SHARE CERTIFICATES
 
2.1    Every member is entitled, without charge, to one certificate representing the share or shares of each class held by him or, upon paying a sum not exceeding the amount permitted by the Company Act as the directors may from time to time determine, several certificates each for one or more of those shares; provided that, in respect of a share or shares held jointly by several persons, the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate, and delivery of a certificate for a share to one of several joint holders or to his duly authorized agent shall be sufficient delivery to all; and provided further that the Company shall not be bound to issue certificates representing redeemable shares, if such shares are to be redeemed within one* month of the date on which they were allotted. Any share certificate may may be sent through the post by registered prepaid mail to the member entitled thereto at his registered address, and the Company shall not be liable for any loss occasioned to the member owing to any such share certificates so sent being lost in the post or stolen.
 
2.2    If a share certificate:
 
(a)  
is worn out or defaced, the directors may, upon production to them of that certificate and upon such other terms, if any, as they may think fit, order the certificate to be cancelled and may issue a new certificate in lieu thereof;
 
(b)  
is lost, stolen or destroyed, then upon proof thereof to the satisfaction of the directors and upon such indemnity, if any, as the directors deem adequate being given, a new share certificate in place thereof shall be issued to the person entitled to the losrt, stolen or destroyed certificate, or
 
(c)  
represents more than one share and the registered owner thereof surrenders it to the Company with a written request that the Company issue registered in his name two or more certificates each representing a specified number of shares and in the aggregate representing the same number of shares as the certificate so surrendered, the Company shall cancel the certificate so surrendered and issue in place thereof certificates in accordance with the request.
 
 
 
 

 
 
A sum, not exceeding that permitted by the Company Act, as the directors may from time to time fix, shall be paid to the Company for each certificate issued under this Article.
 
2.3 Except as required by law or statute or these Articles, no person shall be recognized by the Company as holding any share upon any trust, and the Company shall not be bound by or compelled in any way to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any interest in any fractional part of a share or (except only as by law or statute or these Articles provided or as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.
 
2.4 Every share certificate shall be signed manually by at least one officer or director of the Company, or by or on behalf of a registrar, branch registrar, transfer agent or branch transfer agent of the Company and any additional signatures nay be printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced and a certificate signed in either of those fashions shall be as valid as if signed manually, notwithstanding that any person whose signature is so printed or mechanically reproduced on a share certificate has ceased to hold the office that he is stated on such certificate tD hold at the date of the issue of a share certificate.
 
2.5 Save as provided by the Company Act, the Company shall not give financial assistance by means of a loan, guarantee, the provision of security or otherwise for the purpose of or in connection with the purchase of or subscription by any person for shares or debt obligations issued by the Company or an affiliate of the Company or upon the security in whole or in part, of a pledge or other charge upon the shares or debt obligations issued by the Company or an affiliate of the Company.
 
2.6 Every share certificate issued by the Company shall be in such form as the directors approve and shall comply with the Company Act.
 
2.7 The certificates of shares registered in the name of two or more persons shall be delivered to the person first named on the register.
 
 
 
 

 
 
PART 3 - ISSUE OF SHARES
 
    3.1    Subject to the Company Act and to any direction to the contrary contained in a resolution passed at a general meeting authorizing any increase of capital, the issue of shares, whether in the original or any increased capital of the Conpany, shall be under the control of the directors who may, subject: to the rights of the holders of the shares of the Company for the time being issued, allot or otherwise dispose of, and/or grant options on, shares authorized but not yet issued at such times and to such persons, including directors, and in such classes, and in such manner and upon such terms and conditions, and at sush price or for such consideration, as the directors, in their absolute discretion, may determine.
 
    3.2      If the Company is not a reporting company then before allotting any shares of the Company, the directors shall first offer those shares pro rata to the members; but if there are classes of shares, the directors shall first offer the shares to be allotted pro rata to the members holding shares of the class proposed to be allotted and if any shares remain, the directors shall then offer the remaining shares pro rata to the other members. The offer shall be made by notice specifying the number of shares offered and limiting a time for acceptance. After the expiration of the time for acceptance or on receipt of written confirmation from the person to whom the offer is made that he declines to accept the offer, and if there are no other members holdings shares who should first receive an offer, the directors may for three months thereafter offer the shares to such persons and in such manner as they think most beneficial to the Company; but the offer to those persons shall not be at a price less than, or on terms more favourable than, the offer to the members.
 
    3.3      Except as otherwise provided in the Company Act, the Company or its directors on behalf of the Company may pay a commission or allow a discount to any person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally, for any shares with or without par value in the Company, or procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions, whether absolutely or conditionally, for any such shares provided that the rate of the commission or discount shall not in the aggregate exceed that permitted by the Company Act. The Company may also pay such brokerage as may be lawful on any shares of the Company whether with or without par value.
 
    3.4      No share may be issued until it is fully paid by the receipt by the Company of the full consideration therefor in cash, property or past services actually performed for the Company. .. A document evidencing indebtedness of the person to whom the shares are allotted is not property for the purpose of this Article. The value of property and services for the purpose of this Article shall be the value determined by the directors by resolution to be, in all circumstances of the transaction, the fair market value thereof•
 
 
 

 
 
PART 4 - SHARE TRANSFERS
 
4.1    Subject to the restrictions, if any, set forth in these Articles, any member may transfer his shares by instrument in writing executed by or on behalf of such member and delivered to the Company or its transfer agent. The instrument of transfer of any share of the Company shall be in the form, if any, on the back of the Company's form of share certificates, and in any form which the directors may approve. If the directors so require, each instrument of transfer shall be in respect of only one class of share.
 
4.2    Every instrument of transfer shall be executed by the transferor and left at the registered or records office of the Company or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar for registration together with the share certificate for the shares to be transferred and such other evidence, if any, as the directors or the transfer agent or registrar may require to prove the title of the transferor or his right to transfer the shares. All instruments of transfer where the transfer is registered shall be retained by the Company or its transfer agent or registrar and any instrument of transfer, where the transfer is not registered, shall be returned to the person depositing the same together with the share certificate which accompanied the same when tendered for registration. The transferor shall remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered on the register in respect of that share.
 
4.3    The signature of the registered owner of c.ny shares, or of his duly authorized attorney, upon the instrument of transfer constitutes an authority to the Company to register the shares specified in the instrument of transfer in the name of the person named in that instrument of transfer as transferee or, if no person is so named, then in any name designated in writing by the person depositing the share certificate and the instrument of transfer with the Company or its agents.
   
4.4    The Company, and its directors, officers and agents are not bound to enquire into any title of the transferee of any shares to be transferred, and are not liable to the registered or any intermediate owner of those shares, for registering the transfer.
 
4.5     There shall be paid to the Company in respect of the registration of any transfer a sum, not exceeding that permitted by the Company Act, as the directors deem fit.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 5 - TRANSMISSION OF SHARES
 
5.1    In the case of the death of a member the legal personal representative of the deceased shall be the only person recognized by the Company as having any title to or interest in the shares registered in the name of the deceased. Before recognizing any legal personal representative the directors may require him to obtain a grant of probate or letters of administration in British Columbia.
 
5.2    Any person, who becomes entitled to a shcire as a result of the death or bankruptcy of any member, upon producing the evidence required by the Company Act, or who become?; entitled to a share as a result of an order of a court of competent jurisdiction or a statute, upon producing such evidence as the directors think sufficient that he is so entitled, may be registered as holder of the share or may transfer the share.
 
PART 6 - ALTERATION OF CAPITAL
 
6.1     Company may by ordinary resolution f:.led with the Registrar amend its memorandum to increase the share capital of the Company by:
 
(a)  creating shares with par value or shares without par value, or both;
 
(b)       
increasing the number of shares with par value or shares without par value, or both;
 
(c)       
increasing the par value of a class of shares with par value, if no shares of that class are issued.
 
6.2    The directors may determine the price or consideration at or for which shares without par value may be issued.
 
6.3    Except as otherwise provided by conditions imposed at the time of creation of any new shares or by these Articles, any addition to the authorized capital resulting from the creation of new shares shall be subject to the provisions of these Articles.
 
6.4    Unless these Articles elsewhere specifically otherwise provide, the provision of these Articles relating to general meetings shall apply, with the necessary changes and so far as they are applicable, to a class meeting of members holding a particular class of shares.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 7 - PURCHASE OF SHARES
 
7.1    Subject to the special rights and restrictions attached to any class of shares, the Company may, by a resolution of the directors and in compliance with the Company Act, redeem or purchase any of its shares at the price and upon the terms specified in such resolution, but no such purchase shall be made if the Company is insolvent at the time of the proposed purchase or the proposed purchase would render the Company insolvent. Unless the Company is purchasing the shares from a dissenting member pursuant to the Company Act, the Company shall make its offer to purchase through the facilities of a stock exchange, if a reporting company, or pro rata to every member who holds shares of the class proposed to be purchased. The shares so purchased by the Company may be sold by it but the Company shall not exercise any vote in respect of these shares while they are held by the Company.
 
PART 8 - BORROWING POWERS
 
8.1    The directors may from time to time at their discretion authorize the Company to borrow any sum or sums of money or to undertake any obligation (including obligations oi: guarantee or indemnity) for the purposes of the Company and may raise or secure the repayment of that sum or sums or the performance of any such obligation in such manner and upon such terms and conditions, in all respects, as they think fit, and in particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, by the issue of bonds or debentures, or any mortgage or charge, whether specific or floating, or other security on the undertaking of the whole or any part of the property of the Company, both present and future.
 
8.2      The directors may make any debenture, bonds* or other debt obligations issued by the Company by their terms, assignable free from any equities between the Company and the perso:n to whom they may be issued, or any other person who lawfully acquires the same by assignment, purchase or otherwise, howsoever.
 
8.3    The directors may authorize the issue of any debentures, bonds or other debt obligations of the Company at a discount, premium or otherwise, and with special or other rights or privileges as to redemption, surrender, drawings, allotment of or conversion into or exchange for shares, attending at general meetings of the Company and otherwise as the directors may determine at or before the time of issue.
 
 
 

 
 
8.4    The Company shall keep or cause to be kept in accordance with the Company Act;
 
(a)  
a register of its debentures and debt obligations, and
 
(b)  
a register of the holders of its bonds, debentures and other debt obligations,
 
and subject to the provisions of the Company Act may keep or cause to be kept one or more branch registers of the holders of its bonds, debentures, or other debt obligations within or without the Province of British Columbia as the directors may frDm time to time determine and the directors may by resolution, regulations or otherwise make such provisions as they think fit respecting the keeping of such branch registers.
 
8.5   If the directors so authorize, or if any instrument under which any bonds, debentures or other debt obligations of the Company are issued so provides, any bonds, debentures and other debt obligations of the Company, instead of being manually signed by the directors or officers authorized in that behalf, may have the facsimile signatures of such directors or officers printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced thereon and in either case, shall be as valid as if signed manually, but no such bond, debenture or other debt obligation shall be issued unless it is manually signed, countersigned or certified by or on behalf of a trust company or other transfer agent or registrar duly authorized by the directors or the instrument under which such bonds, debentures or other debt obligations are issued so to do. Notwithstanding that any persons whose facsimile signature is so used shall have ceased to hold the office that he is stated on such bond, debenture or other debt obligation to hold at the date of the actual issue: thereof, the bond, debenture or other debt obligation shall be valid and binding on the Company.
 
PART 9 - GENERAL MEETINGS
 
9.1    Subject to Article 9.2 and to the Company Act the first annual general meeting of the Amalgamated Company shall be held within 15 months from the date of amalgamation and thereafter an annual general meeting shall be held once in every calendar year at Z' such time, not being more than 13 months after the holding of the last preceding annual general meeting, and place as the directors shall appoint.
 
 
 

 
 
9.2    If the Company is not a reporting company and if all members entitled to attend and vote at the annual general meeting of the Company consent in writing each year to the business required to be transacted at the annual generaL meeting that business shall be as valid as if transacted at an annual general meeting, duly convened and held and, it is not necessary for the Company to hold an annual general meeting that year.
 
9.3    Every general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be called an extraordinary general meeting.
 
9.4    The directors may whenever they think fit, and they shall, promptly on the receipt of a requisition of a member or members of the Company representing not less than one-twentieth of such of the issued shares in the capital of the Conpany as at the date of the requisition carry the right of voting in all circumstances at general meetings, call a general meeting of the Company.
 
9.5    Any such requisition, and the meeting to be called pursuant thereto, shall comply with the provisions of the Company Act.
 
9.6    Not less than 21 days' notice of any general meeting specifying the time and place of meeting and in case of special business, the general nature of that business shall be given in the manner mentioned in Article 21, or in such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed by ordinary resolution whether previous notice thereof has been given or not, to any person as may by law or under these Articles or other regulations of the Company be entitled to receive such notice from the Company. But the accidental omission to give notice of any meeting to, or the non-receipt of any such notice by, any of such person shall not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.
 
9.7    Persons entitled to notice of a general mecsting may waive or reduce the period of notice convening the meeting, by unanimous consent in writing, and may give such waiver before, during or after the meeting.
 
9.8    Where any special business includes the presenting, considering, approving, ratifying or authorizing of the execution of any document, then the portion of any notice relating to such document shall be sufficient if the same states that a copy of the document or proposed document is or will be available for inspection by members at a place in the Province of British Columbia specified in such notice during business hours in any specified working day or days prior to the date of the meeting.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 10 - PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
 
10.1    The following business at a general meoting shall be deemed to be special business:
 
(a)  
all business at an extraordinary general meeting, and
 
(b)  
all business that is transacted at an annual general meeting, with the exception of the consideration of the financial statement and the report of the directors and auditors, the election of directors, the appointment of the auditors and such other business as , under these Articles, ought to be transacted at an innual general meeting, or any business which is Drought under consideration by the report of the directors.
 
10.2    Save as otherwise herein provided a quorun for a general meeting shall be: two members or proxyholders representing two members, or one member and a proxyholder representing another member or two proxyholders personally present at the commencement of the meeting and together holding or representing by proxy not less than 5.0% of the issued shares of a class of shares the holders of which are entitled to attend and to vote at such meeting.
 
10.3    No business, other than the election of a chairman and the adjournment of the meeting shall be transacted -it any general meeting unless the quorum requisite was present at ths commencement of the meeting.
 
10.4     If within 1/2 hour from the time appointed for a meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened by requisition of the members, shall be dissolved; but in any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place. If at such adjourned meeting a quorum j.s not present within 1/2 hour from the time appointed, the members present or any proxyholder shall be a quorum.
 
10.5     The Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence the President of the Company shall be entitled to preside as chairman at every general meeting of the Company.
 
10.6    If at any meeting neither the Chairman of the Board, if any, nor President is present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting or is willing to act as chairman, the directors present shall choose someone of their number to be chairman. If no director be present or if all the directors present decline to take the chair or shall fail to s;o choose, the members or proxyholders present entitled to vote shall choose some person present to be chairman.
 
 
 

 
 
10.7    The chairman of the meeting may, with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present and shall if so directed by the meeting, adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. When a meeting is adjourned for 30 days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of a general meeting. Save as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at any adjourned meeting.
 
10.8     Subject to the provisions of the Company Act every question submitted to a general meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless a poll is, before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands, directed by the chairman or demanded by a member entitled to vote who is present in person or by proxy, and the chairman shall declare to the meeting the decision on every question in accordance with the result of the show of hands or the poll, and such decision shall be entered in the book of proceedings of the Company. A declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried unanimously or by a particular majority or lost or not carried by a particular majority, and an entry to that effect in the book containing the minutes of the proceedings of the Company shall be conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution.
 
10.9     No resolution proposed at a meeting need be seconded and the chairman of any meeting shall be entitled to move or second a resolution.
 
10.10    In case of an equality of votes upon a resolution, the chairman shall, either on a show of hands or on c. poll, have a casting or second vote in addition to the vote or votes to which he may be entitled as a member or proxyholder.
 
10.11     Subject to the provisions of Article 10.12 if a poll is duly demanded as aforesaid, it shall be taken in such manner and at such time within seven days from the date of the meeting and place as the chairman of the meeting directs, and either at once or after an interval or adjournment not exceeding seven days, and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll is demanded. A demand for a poll may be withdrawn. In the case of any dispute as to the admission or rejection of a vote, the chairman shall determine the same and such determination made in good faith shall be final and conclusive.
 
10.12     A member entitled to more than one vote need not, if he votes, use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way.
 
 
 

 
 
10.13    No poll may be demanded on the election o:: a chairman of a meeting and a poll demanded on a question of adjournment shall be taken at the meeting without adjournment.
 
10.14        The demand of a poll shall not prevent the continuance of a meeting for the transaction of any business ether than the question on which a poll has been demanded.
 
10.15   Every ballot cast upon a poll and every proxy appointing a proxyholder who cast a ballot upon a poll shall be retained by the Secretary for the period and be subject to the inspection as the Company Act may provide, and if not so provided then as may be decided by the meeting at which the proxy or ballot was used.
 
PART 11 - VOTES OF MEMBERS
 
11.1 Subject to any special rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, on a show of hands every member present in person shall have one vote, and on a poll every member, present in person or by proxy, shall have one vote for each share of which he is the holder.
 
11.2 Any person who is not registered as a member but is entitled to vote at any general meeting in respect of a share, may vote the share in the same manner as if he were a member; but, unless the directors have previously admitted his right to vote at that meeting in respect of the share, he shall satisfy the directors of his right to vote the share before the time for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting, as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote.
 
11.3 Where there are joint members registered in respect of any share, any one of the joint members may vote at. any meeting, either personally or by proxy, in respect of the share as if he were solely entitled to it. If more than one of the joint members is present at any meeting, personally or by proxy, the joint member present whose name stands first on the register in respect of the share shall alone be entitled to vote in respect of that share. Several executors or administrators of a deceased member in whose sole name any share stands shall, for the purpose of this Article, be deemed joint members.
 
11.4 A corporation, not being a subsidiary, thct is a member may vote by its proxyholder or by its duly authorized representative, who is entitled to speak and vote, and in all other respects exercise the rights of a member and any authorized representative shall be deemed to be a member for all purposes in connection with any general meeting of the Company.
 
 
 

 
 
11.5   A member for whom a committee has been duly appointed may vote, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, by his committee and his committee may appoint a proxyholder.
 
11.6   A member holding more than one share in respect of which he is entitled to vote shall be entitled to appoint one or more proxyholders to attend, act and vote for him on the same occasion. If such member should appoint more than one proxyholder for the same occasion he shall specify the number of shares each proxyholder shall be entitled to vote.
 
11.7   A proxy or an instrument appointing a cluly authorized representative of a corporation shall be in writing, under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorized in writing, or, if such appointor is a corporation, either under its seal or under the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorized.
 
11.8   Any person of full age may act as proxyholder whether or not he is entitled on his own behalf to be present and to vote at the . meeting at which he acts as proxyholder. The proxy may authorize the person so appointed to act as proxyholder for the appointor for the period, at such meeting or meetings to the extent permitted by the Company Act.
 
11.9   A proxy and the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a notarially certified copy thereof shall be deposited at the registered office of the Company or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice calling the meeting, not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the person named in the proxy proposes to vote, or shall be deposited with the chairman of the meeting prior to the commencement thereof. In addition to any other method of depositing proxies provided for in these Articles, the directors may from time to time make regulations permitting the lodging of proxies appointing the proxyholders at some place or places other than the place at which a meeting or adjourned meeting of members is to be held and for particulars of such proxies to be cabled or telegraphed or sent in writing before 1;he meeting or adjourned meeting to the Company or any agent of the Company for the purpose of receiving such particulars and providing that proxies appointing a proxyholder so lodged may be voted upon as though the proxies themselves were produced to the chairman of the meeting or adjourned meeting as required by this Part and votes given in accordance with such regulations shall be valid and shall be counted.
 
11.10   A vote given in accordance with the terms of a proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the member or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the share in respect of which the proxy is given, provided no prior notice in writing of the death, insanity, revocation or transfer as aforesaid shall have been received at the registered office o:: the Company or by the chairman of the meeting or adjourned meetiig at which the vote was given.
 
 
 

 
 
11.11   Unless, in the circumstances, the Company Act requires any other form of proxy, a proxy appointing a proxyholder, whether for a specified meeting or otherwise, shall be in the form following, or in any other form that the directors or the chairman of the meeting at which the form of proxy is to be used shall approve:
 
(Name of Company)
                   The undersigned hereby appoints_________________________
                (or failing him ___________________ of _________________)
                   as proxyholder for the undersigned to attend at and
                vote for and on behalf of the undersigned at the general
                meeting of the Company to be held on theday of ________,
                   19____, and at any adjournment of that meeting.
 
                               Signed this  ___________________ day of  ________________., 198 ___.
 
                                                 _______________
                                                 (Signature of Member)
 
PART 12 - DIRECTORS
 
12.1     The management of the business of the Company shall be vested in the directors and the directors may exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as the Company is, by its Memorandum or otherwise, authorized to exercise and do, and which are not by these Articles or by statute or otherwise lawfully directed or required to be exercised or done by the Company in general meeting, but subject nevertheless to the previsions of all laws affecting the Company and of these Articles and to any regulations not being inconsistent with these Articles which shall from time to time be made by the Company in general meeting; but no regulation made by the Company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the directors that would have been valid if that regulation had not been made.
 
 
 

 
 
    12.2    The persons specified in the Amalgamation Agreement are the first directors of the Amalgamated Company. The directors to succeed the first directors and the number of directors may be determined in writing by a majority of the Directors. The number of directors may be changed from time to time by ordinary resolution, whether previous notice thereof has been given or not, but shall never be less than one while the Company is not' a reporting company and three while the Company is a reporting Company. Further, the number of directors can be increased pursuant to Article 15.5.
 
    12.3    A director shall not be required to have any share qualification but any person not being a member of i:he Company who becomes a director shall be deemed to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the Articles to the same extent e.s if he were a member of the Company.
 
    12.4    The remuneration of the directors as suai may from time to time be determined by the members, unless by ordinary resolution the directors are authorized to determine their remuneration. Such remuneration to be in addition to any salary or other remuneration paid to any officer or employee of the Company as such, who is also a director. The directors shall be repaid such reasonable expenses as they may incur in and about the business of the Company and if any director shall perform any professional or other services for the Company that in the opinion of the directors are outside the ordinary duties of a director or shall otherwise be specifically occupied in or about the Company's business he may be paid a remuneration to be fixed by the Board, or, at the option of such director, by the Company in general meeting, and such remuneration may be either in addition to, or in substitution l:or, any other remuneration that he may be entitled to receive, and the same shall be charged as part of the ordinary working expenses. Unless otherwise determined by ordinary resolution the directors on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any director who has held any salaried office or place of profit with the Company or to his spouse or dependants and may make contributions to any fund and pay preniums for the purchase or provision of any such gratuity, pension or allowance.
   
    12.5    The directors may from time to time and .it any time by power of attorney appoint any company, firm or person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the directors, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions, not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the directors under these Articles, and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the directors may think fit and may also authorize any such attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him.
 
 
 

 
  
     12.6    A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract or transaction with the Company shall declare the nature and extent of his interest at a meeting of the directors or in ary resolution to be signed by the directors relating to such contract or proposed contract in accordance with the provisions of the Company Act. A director shall not vote in respect of any such contract or transaction with the Company in which he is interested and if he shall do so his vote shall not be counted, but he mey be counted in the quorum present at the meeting at which such vote is taken. Subject to the Company Act, the foregoing shall not apply to
 
(a)  
any contract or transaction relating to a loan to the Company, which a director or a specified corporation or a specified firm in which he has an interest has guaranteed or joined in guaranteeing the repayment of the loan or any part of the loan, or
 
(b)  
any contract or transaction made or to be made with, or for the benefit of a holding corporation or a subsidiary corporation of which a director is a director, or
 
(c)  
any contract by a director or by any company of which the director is a shareholder, officer or director to subscribe for or underwrite shares, debentures or debt obligations to be issued by the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, or any contract, or transaction in which a director is, directly or indirectly, interested if cill the other directors are also, directly or indirectly interested in the contract or transaction, or
 
(d)  
if authorized by ordinary resolution pursuant to Article 12.4, the remuneration of the directors.
 
Subject to the Company Act the foregoing prohibitions and exceptions thereto may from time to time be suspended or amended to any extent by ordinary resolution, either generally or in respect of any particular contract or transaction or for any particular period.
 
 
 

 
 
    12.7    A director may hold any office or place of profit under the Company, other than auditor, in conjunction with his office of director for such period and on such terms, as to remuneration or otherwise, as the directors may determine. Subject to compliance with the Company Act, no director or intended director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the office or place of profit or as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, and, subject to compliance with the Company Act, no contract c»r transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which a director is in any way interested shall be liable to be avoided.
 
    12.8    Any director may act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company, and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a director.
 
    12.9    A director whose permanent place of residence is outside the city where the registered office of the Company is situate, or who is about to leave or is temporarily outside the said city, or who may be expecting to be absent Prom the place where a meeting of the Board is to be held, or is otherwise unable to attend the meeting of the Board, may appoint any person, whether a member or director of the Company or not, to act on his behalf as an alternate director and while such other person holds office as an alternate director, he shall be entitled to notice of meetings of the directors and to attend and vote thereat accordingly and he shall, if present, be included in computing the quorum, and if he be a director, shall be entitled to two votes, one as a director and the other as an alternate director, and shall further be empowered to sign resolutions of the Board of directors, and shall ipso facto vacate office if and when the appointor vacates or is removed from office as director and any appointment or removal under this clause shall be effected by notice which may be in writing under the hand of the director making the same or may be made by telegram, cable or telex. An appointment under this Article may be a general appointment, or may be restricted to a single specified meeting of the Board and any adjourned portion thereof, or may be otherwise restricted in its operation or duration.
 
PART 13 - TERMINATION OF DIRECTORSHIP OF DIRECTORS
 
13.1 The directorship of a director shall be immediately
terminated:
 
(a)  
if he is found to be incapable of managing his own affairs by reason of mental infirmity;
 
(b)  
on the date of resignation stated in any notice in writing to the Company at its registered office by the director;
 
(c)  
if he is removed pursuant to Article 14.2;
 
(d)  
if he has been convicted within or without the Province of an indictable offence and the other directors resolve to remove him; or
 
(e)  
if he ceases to be qualified to act as a director under the Company Act.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 14 - RETIREMENT AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
 
    14.1    At each annual general meeting of the Company all the directors shall retire in which case the Company shall elect a Board of Directors consisting of the number of directors for the time being fixed pursuant to these Articles but which shall not be less than that required by the Company Act. If in any calendar year the Company does not hold an annual general meeting the directors appointed at the last annual general meeting of the Company shall be deemed to have been elected or appointed as directors on the last day on which the meeting could have been held pursuant to the Company Act and the directors so appointed or elected may hold office, unless other directors have been appointed in the meantime, until other directors are appointed or elected or until the day on which the next annual general meeting is held.*
 
    14.2    The Company may by special resolution remove any director and, by ordinary resolution, appoint another person in his stead. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting of the Company, but shall be eligible for re-election at such meeting.
 
 
    14.3    The directors shall have power at any time and from time to time to appoint any person as a director, to fill a casual vacancy on the Board or a vacancy resulting from an increase of the number of directors necessitated by the Company Act upon the Company becoming a reporting company. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting of the Company at which directors are to be elected, but be eligible for re-election at such meeting.
 
PART 15 - PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS
 
15.1   The directors may meet together at such places as they think fit for the dispatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings and proceedings, as they see fit. The directors may from time to time fix the quorum necessary for the transaction of business and unless so fixed such quorum shall be a majority of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence the President of the Company, shall be chairman of all meetings of the Board, but if at any meeting neither the Chairman of the Board, if any, nor the President shall be present within 30 minutes after the time appointed for holding the same or if both the Chairman of the Board and the President, being present decline to act, the directors present may choose someone of their number to be chairman at such meeting. A director interested is to be counted in a quorum notwithstanding his interest.
 
 
 

 
 
15.2  A director may at any time, and the Secretary upon the written request of a director shall, call a meeting of the directors. Notice thereof specifying the time and place of such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to each of the directors at his registered address at least 48 hours before the time fixed for the meeting or such lesser period as may be reasonable under the circumstances, or such notice may be given to each director either personally or by leaving it: at his usual business or residential address or by telephone, telegram, telex or other method of transmitting visually recorded messages, at least 48 hours before such time or such lesser period as may be reasonable under the circumstances. It shall not be necessary to give to any director notice of a meeting of directors immediately following a general meeting at which such director has been elected or notice of a meeting of directors at which such director shall have been appointed. Accidental omission to give notice of a meeting of directors to, or the non-receipt of notice by, any director, shall not invalidate the proceedings of that meeting.
 
15.3  Any director of the Company may from time to time file with the Secretary a writing waiving notice of any meeting of the directors being sent to him and agreeing to ratify and confirm any business transacted at any meeting of the directors: though he may not be present at such meeting and though no notice has been sent to him of such meeting and any and all meetings of the directors of the Company so held (provided that the quorum of the directors be present) shall be valid and binding upon the Company; provided that the director in such waiver may specify the period for which such waiver shall be effective.
 
15.4  A meeting of the directors at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all or any of the authorities, power and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the directors.
 
15.5   The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body but, if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed pursuant to these Articles as the necessary quorum of directors, the continuing directors or director may act for the purpose of filling any vacancies in or increasing the number of directors to that number, or for the purpose of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose. The Board may, at any time and from time to time, appoint one or more additional directors of the Company in addition to the number of directors elected pursuant to Article 12.2.
 
 
15.6   The directors may delegate any but not all of their powers to committees consisting of such of the directors as they think fit. Any committee so formed shall in the exercise of the powers so delegated conform to any regulations that may from time to time be imposed on it by the directors, and shall report every act or thing done in exercise of such powers to the earliest meeting of the directors to be held next after the s;ame shall have been done.
 
 
 

 
  
  15.7   A committee may elect a chairman of its meetings; if no such chairman is elected, or if at any meetings the chairman is not present within 30 minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the members present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.
 
  15.8   The members of a committee may meet and cidjourn as they think proper. Questions arising at any meeting shall, be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and in case of an equality of votes the chairman shall have a second casting vote.
 
  15.9   All acts done by any meeting of the directors or by a committee of directors or by any person acting as a director shall, notwithstanding that it shall be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any such director or person acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified to be a director.
 
 
  15.10   For the first meeting of the Board to be held immediately following the appointment or election of a director or directors at an annual or general meeting of shareholders or for a meeting of the Board at which a director is appointed to fill a vacancy in the Board, no notice of such meetings shall be necessary to the newly elected or appointed director or directors in order for the meeting to be duly constituted, provided that a quorum of directors is present.
 
  15.11   Any director of the Company who may be absent either temporarily or permanently from the Province of British Columbia may file at the office of the Company a waiver of notice which may be by letter, telegram or cable of any meeting of the directors and may at any time withdraw such waiver, and until such waiver is withdrawn, no notice of meetings of directors shall be sent to such director, and any and all meetings of the directors of the Company, notice of which shall not have been given to such director, shall, provided a quorum of the directors is present, be valid and binding upon the Company.
 
 
  15.12   Questions arising at any meeting of the directors shall be decided by a majority of votes. In case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.
 
    15.13  A resolution in writing, signed by each director or his alternate shall be as valid and effectual as if it heid been passed at a meeting of directors duly called and held. Such resolution may be in one or more counterparts each signed by one or more directors or alternate directors which together shall be deemed to constitute one resolution in writing, but the provision of Article 12.6 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to any resolution passed in accordance herewith.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 16 - OFFICERS
 
16.1   The Board of Directors shall from time to time appoint a President, a Secretary and such other officers of the Company as it may determine, none of whom, save the Chairman of the Board, if any, and the President, need be directors.
 
16.2   All appointments of officers shall be made upon such terms and conditions and at such remuneration, whether by way of salary, fee, commission, participation in profits, or otherwise, as the directors may determine, and every such appointment shall be subject to termination at the pleasure of the directors unless otherwise fixed by contract.
 
16.3   Every officer of the Company who holds any office or possesses any property whereby, whether directly or indirectly, duties or interests might be created in conflict with his duties or interests as an officer of the Company shall, in writing, disclose to the President the fact and the nature, character and extent of the conflict.
 
PART 17 - MINUTES, DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS
 
17.1 The directors shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books providing for the purposes:
 
(a)  
of all appointments of officers;
 
(b)  
of the names of the directors or their alternates present at each meeting of directors and of any committee of directors;
 
     (c) of all orders made by the directors or committees of directors;
 
(d)  
of all resolutions and proceedings of general meetings of the Company and of all meetings of the directors and of committees of the directors.
 
 
 

 
 
17.2      The directors shall cause the Company to keep at its records office or at such other place as the Company Act may permit, the documents, copy documents, registers, minutes, and records which the Company is required by the Company Act to keep at its records office or such other place.
 
PART 18 - EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS
 
18.1    The directors may provide a common seal for the Company and for its use and the directors shall have power from time to time to destroy the same and substitute a new seal in place thereof.
 
18.2     Subject to the provisions of the Company Act, the directors may provide for use in any other Province, State or Country an official seal, which shall have on its face of the name of the Province, Territory, State or Country where it is to be used.
   
18.3     The directors shall provide for the safe custody of the common seal of the Company, if any, which shall not be affixed to any instrument except in the presence of any two directors of the Company by the authority of a resolution of the directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by such resolution; and such person or persons shall sign every instrument to which the seal of the Company is affixed in his or their prescmce; provided that a resolution of the directors directing the general use of the seal, if any, may at any time be passed by the directors and shall apply to the use of the seal until countermanded by another resolution of the directors.
 
18.4    The signature of any officer of the Company may, if authorized by the directors, be printed, lithographed, engraved or otherwise mechanically reproduced upon all instruments executed or issued by the Company or any officer thereof; and any instrument on which the signature of any such person is so reproduced, shall be deemed to have been manually signed by such person whose signature is so reproduced and shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if such instrument had been signed manually, and notwithstanding that the person whose signature is so reproduced may have ceased to hold office at the date of the delivery or issue of such instrument. The term "instrument” as used in this Article shall include deeds, mortgages, hypothecs, charges, conveyances, transfers and assignments of property, real or personal, agreements, releases, receipts and discharges for the payment of money or other obligations, certificates of the Company's shares, share warrants of the Company, bonds, debentures and other debt obligations of the Company and all paper writings but shall not include share certificates or debentures which shall be signed in accordance with the Company Act.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 19 - DIVIDENDS
 
19.1    The directors may declare dividends and fix the date of record therefor and the date for payment thereof. No notice need be given of the declaration of any dividend. If no date of record is fixed, the date of record shall be determined under the provisions of the Company Act.
 
19.2    Subject to the terms of the shares with special rights or restrictions, all dividends shall be declared according to the number of shares held.
 
19.3    No dividend shall bear interest against the Company.
 
19.4     The directors may direct payment of any clividend wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets or of paid-up shares, bonds, debentures or other debt obligations of the Company, or in any one or more of those ways, and, where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution, the directors may settle the same as they think expedient, and in particular may fix the value for the distribution of specific assets, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to a member upon the basis of the value so fixed in place of fractional shares, bonds, debentures or other debt obligations in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any of those specific assets in trustees upon such trusts for the persons entitled as may seem expedient to tie directors.
 
19.5     Notwithstanding anything contained in these Articles the directors may from time to time capitalize any undistributed surplus on hand of the Company and may from time to time issue as fully paid and non-assessable any unissued shares or any bonds, debentures or other debt obligations of the Company as a dividend representing such undistributed surplus on hand or any part thereof.
 
19.6     Any dividend, interest or other moneys payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque or warrant sent through the post directed to the registered address of the holder, or, in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of that one of the joint holders who is first named on the register or to such person and to such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall be made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends, bonuses or other moneys payable in respect of the shares held by them as joint holders.
 
 
 

 
 
19.7     A transfer of shares shall not pass the right to any dividend declared thereon before the registration of the transfer in the register.
 
19.8   Notwithstanding any other provisions ol these Articles should any dividend result in any shareholders being entitled to a fractional part of a share of the Company, the directors shall have the right to pay such shareholders in place of -hat fractional share, the cash equivalent thereof calculated on the par value thereof or, in the case of shares without par value, calculated on the price or consideration for which such shares were or were deemed to be issued, and shall have the further right and complete discretion to carry out such distribution and to adjust the rights of the shareholders with respect thereto on as practical and equitable a basis as possible including the right to arrange through a fiscal agent or otherwise for the sale, consolidation or other disposition of those fractional shares on behalf of those shareholders of the Company.
 
19.9    The directors may, before declaring any dividend, set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as they think proper as appropriations from income, which shall at the discretion of the directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for any other purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied, and pending such application may, either be employed in the business of the Company or be invested in such investments as the directors in their discretion may from time to time determine.
 
PART 20 - ACCOUNTS
 
20.1     The directors shall cause records and books of accounts to be kept as necessary to properly record the financial affairs and conditions of the Company and to comply with th« provisions of statutes applicable to the Company.
 
20.2     The directors shall determine the place at which the accounting records of the Company shall be kept ancl those records shall be open to the inspection of any director during the normal business hours of the Company.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 21 - NOTICES
 
21.1    A notice may be given to any member or director, either personal,y or by sending it to him by prepaid post, envelope or wrapper addressed to the member or director at his registered address.
 
21.2     A notice may be given by the Company to joint members in respect of a share registered in their names by giving the notice to the joint member first named in the register of members in respect of that share.
 
21.3     A notice may be given by the Company to the persons entitled to a share in the consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter, envelope or wrapper addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for the purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or until that address has been so supplied, by giving the notice irs any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred.
 
21.4    Any notice or document sent by post to or left at the registered address of any member shall, notwithstanding that member is then deceased and whether or not the Company has notice of his death, be deemed to have been duly served in respect of any registered shares, whether held solely or jointly with other persons by that deceased member, until some other person is registered in his place as the member or joint member in respect of those shares, and that service shall for all purposes of these Articles be deemed a sufficient service of such notice or document on his personal representatives and all persons, if any, jointly interested with him in those shares.
 
21.5     A member, or a member's authorized representative, shall be entitled to give a notice to the Company by giving it in writing and sending it by prepaid post, or delivering it, to the registered office of the Company.
 
21.6     Any notice sent by post shall be deemed to have been served on the business day following that on which the letter, envelope or wrapper containing that notice is posted, and in proving service thereof it shall be sufficient to prove that the letter, envelope or wrapper containing the notice was properly addressed and put in a Canadian Government post office, postage prepaid.
 
21.7    If a number of days' notice or a notice extending over any other period, is required to be given, the day of service shall not, unless it is otherwise provided in these Articles, be counted in the number of days or other period required.
 
 
 

 
 
21.8     Notice of every general meeting shall be given in the manner authorized by these Articles, to:
 
(a)  
every member holding a share or shares carrying the right to vote at such meetings on the record date or, if no record date was established by the directors, on the date of the meeting;
(b)  
the personal representative of a deceased member;
(c)  
the trustee in bankruptcy of a bankrupt member;
(d)  
the auditor of the Company;
(e) any other person entitled to receive notice under the Company Act;
 
21.9    All notices given pursuant to these Articles must be in writing.
 
PART 22 - INDEMNIFICATION AND PROTECTION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS EMPLOYEES AND CERTAIN AGENTS
 
22.1     The Company may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether or not brought by the Company or by a corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as hereinafter mentioned and whether civil, criminal or administrative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against all costs, charges and expenses including legal fees and any amount paid to settle the action or proceeding or satisfy a judgment, if he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as aforesaid of which he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent, as the caso may be, and exercised the care, diligence and skill of a reasonably prudent person, and with respect to any criminal or administrative, action or proceeding, he had reasonable grounds for believing that his conduct was lawful; provided that the Company shall not be bound to indemnify any such person, other than a director, officer or an employee of the Company, who shall have notice or who shall be deemed to have notice of this Article and to have contracted with the Company in the terms hereof solely by virtue of his acceptance of such office or employment, if in acting as agent for the Company or as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as aforesaid, he does so by written request of the Company containing an express reference to this Article; provided that no indemnification of a director or former director of the Company, or director or former director of a corporation in which the Company is or was a shareholder, shall be made except to the extent approved by the Court pursuant to the Company Act or any other statute. The determination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or otherwise shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act honestly and in good faith and in the best interests of the Company and did not exercise the care, diligence and skill of a reasonably prudent person and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, did not have reasone.ble grounds to believe that his conduct was lawful.
 
 
 

 
22.2     The Company may indemnify any person other than a director in respect of any loss, damage, costs: or expenses whatsoever incurred by him while acting as an officer, employee or agent for the Company unless such loss, damage, costs or expenses arises out of failure to comply with instructions, willful act or default or fraud by such person in any of which events the Company shall only indemnify such person if the directors, in their absolute discretion, so decide or the Company by ordinary resolution shall so direct.
 
22.3    The indemnification provided by this Part shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any other Part, or any valid and lawful agreement, vote of members or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall enure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person. The indemnification provided by this Article shall not be exclusive of any powers, rights, agreements or undertakings which may be legalLy permissible or authorized by or under any applicable law. Notwithstanding any other provisions set forth in this Part, the indemnification authorized by this Part shall be applicable only to the extent that any such indemnification shall not duplicate indemnity or reimbursement which that person has received or shall receive otherwise than under this Part.
 
22.4     The directors are authorized from time to time to cause the Company to give indemnities to any directors, officer, employee, agent or other person who has undertaken or is about to undertake any liability on behalf of the Company or any corporation controlled by it.
 
 
 

 
 
22.5     Subject to the Company Act, no director or officer or employee for the time being of the Company shall be liable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other director or officer or employee, or for joining in any receipt or act for conformity, or for any loss, damage or expense happening to the Company through the insufficiency or deficiency cf title to any property acquired by order of the Board for the Company, or for the insufficiency or deficiency of any security in or upon which any of the moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be invested or for any loss or damages arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency, or tortious act of any person, firm or corporation with whom or which any moneys, securities or effects shall be lodged or deposited or for any loss occasioned by any error of judgment or oversight on his part or for any other loss, damage or misfortune whatever which may happen in the execution of the duties of his respective office or trust or in relation thereto unless the same shall happen by or through his own willful act or default, negligence, breach of trust of breach of duty.
 
22.6     Directors may rely upon the accuracy oi: any statement of fact represented by an officer of the Company to be correct or upon statements in a written report of the auditor of the Company and shall not be responsible or held liable for any loss or damage resulting from the paying of any dividends or otherwise acting in good faith upon any such statement.
 
22.7    The directors may cause the Company to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability incurred by him as a director, officer, employee or agent.
 
 
 

 
 
Part 23
 
 
 
Preference Shares
 
A. Issuable in Series
The Preference shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series composed of such number of shares and with such preference, deferred or other special rights, privileges, restrictic ns and conditions attached thereto as shall be fixed hereby or from time to time before issuance by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the shares of any series which may be passed by the directors of the Corporation and confirmed and declared by articles of amendment including, without limiting the generality of the forecioing:
 
(i)  
the rate, amount or method of calculation of any dividends, and whether such rate, amount or method of calculation shall be subject to change or adjustment in the future, the* currency or currencies of payment, the date or dates and place or places of payment thereof and tf*e date or dates from which any such dividends shall accrue;
 
(ii)  
any right of redemption and/or purchase and the redemption or purchase prices and terms and conditions of any such right;
 
(iii)  
any right of retraction vested in the holders of Preference shares of such series and the prices and terms and conditions of any such rights;
 
(iv) any right upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Corporation;
(v) any voting rights;
(vi) any rights of conversion; and
(vii) any other provisions attaching to any such series of Preference shares.
 
B. Priority of Dividends
The Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to the payment of dividends, be entitled to a preference over the common shares and over any other shares of the Corporation ranging junior to the Preference shares.
 
C. Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding-Up
Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attached to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Corporation in accordance with section A of the conditions attaching to the Preference shares, in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, or other distribution of assets of the Corporation among sha'eholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the holders of the Preference shares shall be entitled to receive, before any distribution of any part of the assets of the Corporation among the holders of the common shares or any other shares of the Corporation ranking junior to the Preference shares for each Preference share, an e.mount equal to the price at which such Preference share was issued together with, in the case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to cumulative dividends, all unpaid cumulative dividends (which for such purpose shall be calculated as if such cumulative dividends were accruing from day-to-day for the period from the expiration of
the last period for which cumulative dividends have been paid up to and including the date of distribution) and, in the case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to ion-cumulative dividends, any dividends declared thereon and unpaid. After payment to the holders of the Preference shares of the amounts so payable to them, they shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of the Corporation in connection with the events contemplated by this Section.
 
 
 

 
 
D. Parity of Series
No rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to any series of Preference shares shall confer upon the shares of such series a priority in respect of dividends or distribution of assets, or return of capital in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation over the sharos of any other series of Preference shares. The Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets or return of capital in the event of liquidation, dissolution or wind ng-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, rank on a parity with the Preference shares of eve 7 other series; provided however that in case such assets are insufficient to pay in full the amount due on all Preference shares, then such assets shall be applied, firstly, to the payment equally and rateably of an amount equal to the price at which the Preference shares of each series were issued and the premium payable thereon, if any and secondly, rateably in payment of all accrued and unpaid cumulative dividends and declared but unpaid non-cumulative dividends.
 
E. Notices and Voting
(i) Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attachod to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Corporation in accordance with section A of ihe conditions attaching to the Preference shares, the holders of a series of Preference shares shall not, as such, be entitled to receive notice of or to attend any meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation and shall not be entitled to vote at any such meeting (except where the holders of a specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately as a class as provided in the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “Act”)).
 
(ii) The holders of Preference shares, or of any series of Preference shares, shall not be entitled to vote separately as a class or series (and no rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to the Preference shares or any series of Preference shares shall entitle any holder of Preference shares or of any series of Preference shares to vote separately as a class or series) upon any proposal to amend the articles of the Corporation to:
 
(a)  
increase or decrease any maximum number of authorized Preference shares or increase any maximum number of authorized shares of a class having rights or privileges equal or superior to the Preference shares;
 
(b)  
effect an exchange, reclassification or cancellation of all or part of the Preference shares; or
 
(c)  
create a new class of shares equal or superior to the Preference shares.
 
(iii) Notwithstanding the aforesaid rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions on the right to vote, the holders of a series of Preference shares are entitled to notice of meetings of shareholders called for the purpose of authorizing the dissolution of the Corporation or the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the Corporation other than in the ordinary course of business of the Corporation undor subsection 189(3) of the Act, as such subsection may be amended from time to time.
 
 
 

 
 
Common Shares
 
A.    Dividends
Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other class of shares of the Corporation the holders of the common shares shall be entitled to receive any dividends declared by the Corporation.
 
B.    Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding-Up
The holders of the common shares shall be entitled to receive the remaining property of the Corporation upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary of involuntary.
 
C.    Notices and Voting
The holders of the common shares shall be entitled to one vote for each common share held at all meetings of shareholders, except meetings at which only holders of another specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote.
 
 
 

 
 
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1+1
Industry Canada Industrie Canada
Certificate of Continuance
Canada Business Corporations Act
Certificat de prorogation
Loi canadienne sur les societe par actions
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
Naae of corporation-Denomination da la societe
I hereby certify that the above-named, corporation was continued under section 187 of the Canada Business Corporations Act, as set out in the attached articles of continuance.
. 312975-6
Corporation nuaber-Numero de la societe
Je certifie que la societe susmentioinee a ete prorogue en vertu de 1'article 187 de la Loi canadienne sur les sextette par actions, tel qu'il est indique dans les clauses de prorogation ci-jointes.

Director - Directeur
March 17,1995/to 17 mars 1995
Date of Continuance - Date de la prorogation
Canada
IC341l(IO-d4)(cc*2l40)
 
 
 

 
 
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|+| Industry Canada Industrla Canada FORM 11 FORMULE 11
> Cartlda Businasa Loi remnt lai loditli ARTICLES OF CONTINUANCE CLAUSES DE PROROGATION
* ' Corporations Act par actiona da rfgfena fMiril (SECTION 187) (ARTICLE 187)
1 - Name of corpofation Denomination da la societe
CALHTNIA MINING CORPORATION
2 - Tha place In Canada where tha registered offlca la to be situated Uau au Canada od dolt ttra attui la #IAga social
TOwn of Oakville, Regional Mmiclpality of Hal ten,
Province of Chtario
3 - Tha claiaaa and any maximum of shares that tha CatAgorias at tout rtombra maximal d'actkxie qua la
corporation la authorbad to lasua tocMlA as! autorMa * Amsttre
The corporation is authorized to issue an unlimited number of carmen shares.
4 - Raatrictlona, II any, on share transfer* RaatricUona sur la transfert daa action*, s'D y a Dau
None.
5 - Numtoar (or minimum and maxi mum numbar) of dlractora Nombra (ou nombra minimal at maximal) d'admlnlatrataura
The corporation shall have a itdnimm nmfcer of 3 dlrantors and a maximum rnmber of 15 directors
6 - Oaitrlctloni. H any, on businasa tha corporation may cany on Umltaa Impoaftaa * CactMtA commardale da la aoctttt, a'll y a Hau
None.
7 - (1) H changa of nama affactad, pravjoua nama (1) S'll y a changamant da denomination, <Mnomlnatk>n anttriaura
N/A
(2) Dataila of Incorporation (2) MtaMa da la constitution
Memorandum of Association (B.C.) dated February 5, 1992
8 - Othar provisions. If any Autraa dlapoattlons, s'U y a liau
See attached Schedule "A"
 
 
 

 
 
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SCHEDULE A
Other provisions:
The board of directors may from time to time, in such amounts and on such terms as it deems expedient charge, mortgage, hypothecate or pledge all or any of the currently owned or subsequently acquired real or personal, movable or immovable, property of the corporation, including book debts, rights, powers, franchises and undertaking, to secure any debt obligations or any money borrowed, or other debt or liability of the corporation.
The board of directors may appoint one or more directors, who shall hold office for a term expiring not later than the close of the next annual meeting of shareholders, but the total number of directors so appointed may not exceed one third of the number of directors elected at the previous annual meeting of shareholders.
 
 
 

 
 
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Industry Canada Industrie Canada
Certificate Certificat of Amendment de modification Canada Business Loi canadienne sur Corporations Act les societes par actions
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
312975-6
Name of corporation-Denomination de la societe
I hereby certify that the articles of the
above-named corporation were amended
a) under section 13 of the Canada
Business Corporations Act in accordance
with the attached notice;
b) under section 27 of the Canada
Business Corporations Act as set out in the
attached articles of amendment designating
a series of shares;
c) under section 179 of the Canada K)
Business Corporations Act as set out in the attached articles of amendment;
d) unde- section 191 of the Canada
Business Corporations Act as set out in the
attached articles of reorganization;
Corporation number-Num6ro de la soci&i
Je certifie que les statuts de la soci& susmentionnde ont && modifies:
a) en vertu de l'article 13 de la Loi canadienne sur les sociitis par actions, conformdment h 1'avis ci-joint;
b) en vertu de l'article 27 de la Loi canadienne sur lessociitis par actions, tel qu'il est indiqu6 dans les clauses modiflcatrices ci-jointes d&ignant une s6rie d'actions;
c) en vertu de l'article 179 de la Lot canadienne sur les sociitis par actions, tel qu'il est indiqu dans les clauses modiflcatrices ci-jointes;
d) en vertu de l'article 191 de la Loi
canadienne sur les sociitis per actions, tel qu'il est indiqul dans les clauses de rdorganisation ci-jointes;
 Director - Directeur
May 4,1999 / le 4 mal 1999 Date of Amendment - Date de modification
Canada

 
 

 
 
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I. to create a class of an unlimited number of Preference shares, issuable in series; and
II. to provide that the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Preference shares and the common shares are as set forth in the annexed Schedule "A".
 
 
 

 
 
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SCHEDULE "A"
Preference Shares
A. Issuable in Series
The Preference shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series composed of such number of shares and with such preference, deferred or other special rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached thereto as shall be fixed hereby or from time to time before issuance by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the shares of any series which may be passed by the directors of the Corporation and confirmed and declared by articles of amendment including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing:
(i) die rate, amount or method of calculation of any dividends, and whether such rate, amount or method of calculation shall be subject to change or adjustment In the future, the currency or currencies of payment, the date or dates and place or places of payment thereof and the date or dates from which any such dividends shall accrue;
(ii) any right of redemption and/or purchase and the redemption or purchase prices and terms and conditions of any such right;
(iii) any right of retraction vested in the holders of Preference shares of such series and the prices and terms and conditions of any such rights;
(iv) any right upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Corporation;
(v) any voting rights;
(vi) any rights of conversion; and
(vii) any other provisions attaching to any such series of Preference shares.
B. Priority of Dividends
The Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to die payment of dividends, be entided to a preference over the common shares and over any other shares of die Corporation ranking junior to the Preference shares.
C. Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding-Up
Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attached to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Corporation in accordance with section A of the conditions attaching to the Preference shares, in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, or other distribution of assets of the Corporation among shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the holders of the Preference shares shall be entitled
 
 
 

 
 
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to receive, before any distribution of any part of the assets of the Corporation among the holders of the common shares or any other shares of the Corporation ranking junior to the Preference shares for each Preference share, an amount equal to the price at which such Preference share was issued together with, in the case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to cumulative dividends, all unpaid cumulative dividends (which for such purpose shall be calculated as if such cumulative dividends were accruing from day-to-day for the period from the expiration of die last period for which cumulative dividends have been paid up to and including 1he date of distribution) and, in die case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to non-cumulative dividends, any dividends declared thereon and unpaid. After payment to the holders of the Preference shares of the amounts so payable to them, they shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of die Corporation in connection with the events contemplated by this Section.
D. Parity of Series
No rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to any series of Preference shares shall confer upon die shares of such series a priority in respect of dividends or distribution of assets or return of capital in die event of die liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation over die shares of any other series of Preference shares. Hie Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets or return of capital in die event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, rank on a parity with the Preference shares of every other series; provided however that in case such assets are insufficient to pay in full the amount due on all Preference shares, then such assets shall be applied, firsdy, to the payment equally and rateably of an amount equal to the price at which the Preference shares of each series were issued and the premium payable thereon, if any, and secondly, rateably in payment of all accrued and unpaid cumulative dividends and declared but unpaid non-cumulative dividends.
E. Notices and Voting
(1) Subject to die rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attached to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Corporation in accordance with section A of die conditions attaching to the Preference shares, the holders of a series of Preference shares shall not, as such, be entitled to receive notice of or to attend any meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation and shall not be entided to vote at any such meeting (except where the holders of a specified class or scries of shares are entided to vote separately as a class as provided in the Canada Business Corporations Act (die "Act*)).
(ti) The holders of Preference shares, or of any series of Preference shares, shall not be entided to vote separately as a class or series (and no rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to the Preference shares or any series of Preference shares shall

 
 

 
 
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entitle any holder of Preference shares or of any series of Reference shares to vote separately as a class or series) upon any proposal to amend die articles of die Corporation to:
(a) increase or decrease any maximum number of authorized Preference shares or increase any maximum number of authorized shares of a class having rights or privileges equal or superior to the Preference shares;
(b) effect an exchange, reclassification or cancellation of all or part of the Preference shares; or
(c) create a new class of shares equal or superior to the Preference shares.
(iii) Notwithstanding the aforesaid rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions on the right to vote, the holders of a series of Preference shares are entitled to notice of meetings of shareholders called for (he purpose of authorizing die dissolution of the Corporation or the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the Corporation other than in the ordinary course of business of the Corporation under subsection 189(3) of the Act, as such subsection may be amended from time to time.
Common Shares A. Dividends
Subject to die rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other class of shares of the Corporation the holders of the common shares shall be entided to receive any dividends declared by the Corporation.
B. Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding-Up
The holders of the common shares shall be entided to receive die remaining property of the Corporation upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary of involuntary.
C. Notices and Voting
The holders of die common shares shall be entitled to one vote for each common share held at all meetings of shareholders, except meetings at which only holders of another specified class or series of shares are entided to vote.
 
 

 
 
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Industry Industrie
Canada Canada
Certificate of Amendment Certificat de modification
Canada Business Corporations Act Loi canadienne sur les societes par actions
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
Corporate name / Denomination sociale
312975-6
Corporation number / Nuindro de society
I HEREBY CERTIFY that the articles of the above-named corporation are amended under section 178 of the Canada Business Corporations Act as set out in the attached articles of amendment.
JE CERTIFIE que les statuts de la societe susmentionnee sont modifies aux termes de 1'article 178 de la Loi canadienne sur les societes par actions, tel qu'il est indique dans les clauses modificatrices ci-jointes.
Marcie Girouard
Director / Directeur
2013-02-05
Date of Amendment (YYYY-MM-DD) Date de modification (AAAA-MM-JJ)
Canada
 
 
 

 
 
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Industry Canada Industrie Canada
Corporations Canada Corporations Canada
Form 4
Instructions
ID Any changes In the articles ol (he corporation must ba made In accordance with section 27 or 177 ol the CBCA.
A: If an amendment involves a change ol corporate name (including the addition of the English or French version of the corporate iiamu). the new name rr,usl comply with sections 10 end 12 ol the CBCA as well as part 2 Ol the regulations, and Hie Articles ol Amendment must iie accompanied by a Canada-biased NllANS search report dated not more than ninety SO) days prior to the receipl ol the articles by CoipaaBons Canada. A numbered name may be assigned under subsection 11 (2) of the CBCA without a NUANS search,
D: Any other amendments must correspond to the paragraphs and subparagraphs referenced in the articles being amerted tl the space available Is Insufficient, plaase attach a schedule to U" lorm.
H Declaration
This lorm must be signed by a director or an officer of the corporation (subsection 262(2) ol the C8CA).
General
The information you provide in this document is collected under the authority ol the CBCA and will be stored in personal information bank number IC/PPU-049. Personal information that you provide is protected under the provisions ol the Privacy Act- Hmww, pLfeiic rirctare pursuant to sec#on36 ol the CBCA is permitted under the Privacy fid
If you require more information, please consult oor website at www.corporalionscanada.lc.0c.ca nr contact us at 613-MI -9042 (Ottawa region), loll free al 1 -866-333-5556 or by email at cotporatlonscanadaSic.gc.ca.
Prescribed Fees
o Corporations Canada Online filing Centre: $200
o By mail or Ian: $200 paid by clwqie payable to the Receiver General lot Canada or by credit card (American Express, MasterCard* or Visa}.
Important Reminders
Changes ol registered office address and/or mailing address:
Compete and ffle Change d Registered Ctflice Address (Form 3).
Changes of dhectore or changes of a cBrector's address;
CompfetE and file Changes Regarding Directors (Form 6).
These forms can be Wed etedronicaly, by mail or by lax free ol charge.
File documents online:
Corporations Canada Online Filing Centre:
www.corporationscanada.ic.gc.ca
Or send documents by mail:
Director General,
Corporations Canada Jean Edmonds Tower South 9th Floor
365 Laurier Ave. West Ottawa ON K1A 0C8
By Facsimile:
613-941-0999
Articles of Amendment
(Section 27 or 177 of the Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA))
I Corporation name
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
2 | Corporation number
The articles are emended as follows:
(Please note that more than one section can be filled out)
A: The corporation changes its name to:
B: The corporation changes the province or territory in Canada where the registered office is situated to: (Do not Indicate the full address)
C: The corporation changes the minimum and/or maximum number of directors to:
(For a fixed number of directors, please indicate the same number in both the minimum and maximum options)
minimum: maximum:
D: Other changes: (e.g., to the classes of shares, to restrictions on sham transfers, to restrictions on the businesses of the corporation or to any other provisions that are permitted by the CBCA to be set out in the Articles) Please specify.
As a Special Resolution that the stated capital account maintained in respect of the common shares is hereby reduced by $140,000,000 Cdn. and to the extent permitted by the Company's accounting standards an offsetting increase shall be made to the contributed surplus account to be recorded on the Company's financial statements
As a Special Resolution lhat the issued and outstanding common shares in the capital of the Company be consolidated on the basis of one (1) post-oonsoliciation common share for every ten (10) common shares currently issued and outstanding
4 Declaration
I hereby certify that I am a director or an officer of the corporation.
( 604} 640-6357
Note: Misrepresentation constitutes an offence and. on summa-y conviction, a person is liable to a tine not exceeding $5000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months of both (subsection 250{1) ot the CBCA).
Canada
IC 3069(2006/12)
M 5 FEB '13 3:46
 
 
 

 
 
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BY-LAW NO. 1
 
-of-
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
 
Adopted April 2,2012
INDEX
 
Page
Part 1
Interpretation
1
Part 2
Shares and Share Certificates
2
Part 3
Issue of Shares
3
Part 4
Share Transfers
4
Part 5
Transmission of Shares
5
Part 6
Alteration of Capital
5
Part 7
Purchase of Shares
5
Part 8
Borrowing Powers
5
Part 9
General Meetings
6
Part 10
Proceedings at General Meetings
7
Part 11
Votes of Members
8
Part 12
Directors
10
Part 13
Termination of Directorship of Director
11
Part 14
Retirement and Election of Directors
11
Part 15
Proceedings of Directors
12
Part 16
Officers
13
Part 17
Minutes, Documents and Records
13
Part 18
Execution of Documents
14
Part 19
Dividends
14
Part 20
Accounts
15
Part 21
Notices
15
Part 22
Indemnification and Protection of Directors, Officers, Employees and Certain Agents
16
Part 23
Preference Shares
17


 
 

 
 
 
PART 1 – INTERPREATION
 

 
1.1    In this By-Law, unless the context otherwise requires:
 
(a) “Board of Directors” or “Board” means the directors of the Company for the time being;
 
(b) “CBCA” means the Canada Business Corporations Act from time to time in force and all amendments thereto and includes all regulations and amendments thereto made pursuant to that Act;
 
(c) “directors” means the directors of the Company for the time being;
 
(d) “member” means a security holder who is the registered holder of voting common shares in the capital of the Company;
 
(e) “month” means calendar month;
(f) “ordinary resolution” has the meaning assigned thereto by the CBCA;
(g) “registered address” of a member shall be his address as recorded in the register;
(h) “registered address” of a director means his address as recorded in the Company’s register of directors to be kept pursuant to the CBCA;
(i) “seal” means the common seal of the Company, if the Company has one;
        (j) “securities register” means the register of members to be kept pursuant to the CBCA; (k) “special resolution” has the meaning assigned thereto by the CBCA.
 
1.2 Expressions referring to writing shall be construed as including references to printing, lithography, typewriting, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words in a visible form.
 
1.3 Words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa; and words importing a male person include a female person and a corporation;
 
1.4 The definitions in the CBCA shall, with the necessary changes and so far as applicable, apply to this By-Law.
 
PART 2 - SHARE AND SHARE CERTIFICATES
 
2.1 Every member is entitled, without charge, to one certificate representing the share or shares of each class held by him or, upon paying a sum not exceeding the amount permitted by the CBCA as the directors may from time to time determine, several certificates each for one or more of those shares; provided that, in respect of a share or shares held jointly by several persons, the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate, and delivery of a certificate for a share to one of several joint holders or to his duly authorized agent shall be sufficient delivery to all; and provided further that the Company shall not be bound to issue certificates representing redeemable shares, if such shares are to be redeemed within one month of the date on which they were allotted. Any share certificate may be sent through the post by registered prepaid mail to the member entitled thereto at his registered address, and the Company shall not be liable for any loss occasioned to the member owing to any such share certificates so sent being lost in the post or stolen.
 
 
 

 
 
2.2 If a share certificate:
 
(a)  
is worn out or defaced, the directors may, upon production to them of that certificate and upon such other terms, if any, as they may think fit, order the certificate to be cancelled and may issue a new certificate in lieu thereof;
 
(b)  
lost, stolen or destroyed, then upon proof thereof to the satisfaction of the directors and Upon such indemnity, if any, as the directors deem adequate being given, a new share certificate in place thereof shall be issued to the person entitled to the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or
 
(c)  
represents more than one share and the registered owner thereof surrenders it to the Company with a written request that the Company issue registered in his name two or more certificates each representing a specified number of shares and in the aggregate representing the same number of shares as the certificate so surrendered, the Company shall cancel the certificate so surrendered and issue in place thereof certificates in accordance with the request.
 
A sum, not exceeding that permitted by the CBCA, as the directors may from time to time fix, shall be paid to the Company for each certificate issued under this Part 2.
 
2.3 Except as required by law or statute or this By-Law, no person shall be recognized by the Company as holding any share upon any trust, and the Company shall not be bound by or compelled in any way to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any interest in any fractional part of a share or (except only as by law or statute or this By-Law provided or as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.
 
2.4 Every share certificate shall be signed manually by at least one officer or director of the Company, or by or on behalf of a registrar, branch registrar, transfer agent or branch transfer agent of the Company and any additional signatures may be printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced and a certificate signed in either of those fashions shall be as valid as if signed manually, notwithstanding that any person whose signature is so printed or mechanically reproduced on a share certificate has ceased to hold the office that he is stated on such certificate to hold at the date of the issue of a share certificate.
 
2.5 Save as provided by the CBCA, the Company shall not give financial assistance by means of a loan, guarantee, the provision of security or otherwise for the purpose of or in connection with the purchase of or subscription by any person for shares or debt obligations issued by the Company or an affiliate of the Company or upon the security in whole or in part, of a pledge or other charge upon the shares or debt obligations issued by the Company or an affiliate of the Company.
 
2.6 Every share certificate issued by the Company shall be in such form as the directors approve and shall comply with the CBCA.
 
2.7 The certificates of shares registered in the name of two or more persons shall be delivered to the person first named on the register.
 
PART 3 - ISSUE OF SHARES
 
3.1 Subject to the CBCA and to any direction to the contrary contained in a resolution passed at a general meeting authorizing any increase of capital, the issue of shares, whether in the original or any increased capital of the Company, shall be under the control of the directors who may, subject to the rights of the holders of the shares of the Company for the time being issued, allot or otherwise dispose of, and/or grant options on, shares authorized but not yet issued at such limes and to such persons, including directors, and in such classes, and in such manner and upon such terms and conditions, and at such price or for such consideration, as the directors, in their absolute discretion, may determine.
 
 
 

 
 
3.2 If the Company is not a reporting company or reporting issuer then before allotting any shares of the Company, the directors shall first offer those shares pro rata to the members; but if there are classes of shares, the directors shall first offer the shares to be allotted pro rata to the members holding shares of the class proposed to be allotted and if any shares remain, the directors shall then offer the remaining shares pro rata to the other members. The offer shall be made by notice specifying the number of shares offered and limiting a time for acceptance. After the expiration of the time for acceptance or on receipt of written confirmation from the person to whom the offer is made that he declines to accept the offer, and if there are no other members holdings shares who should first receive an offer, the directors may for three months thereafter offer the shares to such persons and in such manner as they think most beneficial to the Company; but the offer to those persons shall not be at a price less than, oron terms more favourable than, the offer to the members.
 
3.3 Except as otherwise provided in the CBCA. the Company or its directors on behalf of the Company may pay a commission or allow a discount to any person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, whether absolutely or conditionally, for any shares with or without par value in the Company, or procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions, whether absolutely or conditionally, for any such shares provided that the rate of the commission or discount shall not in the aggregate exceed that permitted by the CBCA. The Company may also pay such brokerage as may be lawful on any shares of the Company whether with or without par value.
 
3.4 No share may be issued until it is fully paid by the receipt by the Company of the full consideration therefor in cash, property or past services actually performed for the Company. A document evidencing indebtedness of the person to whom the shares are allotted is not property for the purpose of this Part 3. The value of property and services for the purpose of this Section shall be the value determined by the directors by resolution to be, in all circumstances of the transaction, the fair market value thereof.
 
PART 4 - SHARE TRANSFERS
 
4.1 Subject to the restrictions, if any, set forth in this By-Law, any member may transfer his shares by instrument in writing executed by or on behalf of such member and delivered to the Company or its transfer agent. The instrument of transfer of any share of the Company shall be in the form, if any, on the back of the Company's form of share certificates, and in any form which the directors may approve. If the directors so require, each instrument of transfer shall be in respect of only one class of share.
 
4.2 Every instrument of transfer shall be executed by the transferor and left at the registered or records office of the Company or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar for registration together with the share certificate for the shares to be transferred and such other evidence, if any, as the directors or the transfer agent or registrar may require to prove the title of the transferor or his right to transfer the shares. All instruments of transfer where the transfer is registered shall be retained by the Company or its transfer agent or registrar and any instrument of transfer, where the transfer is not registered, shall be returned to the person depositing the same together with the share certificate which accompanied the same when tendered for registration. The transferor shall remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered on the register in respect of that share.
 
4.3 The signature of the registered owner of any shares, or of his duly authorized attorney, upon the instrument of transfer constitutes an authority to the Company to register the shares specified in the instrument of transfer in the name of the person named in that instrument of transfer as transferee or, if no person is so named, then in any name designated in writing by the person depositing the share certificate and the instrument of transfer with the Company or its agents.
 
4.4 The Company, and its directors, officers and agents are not bound to enquire into any title of the transferee of any shares to be transferred, and are not liable to the registered or any intermediate owner of those shares, for registering the transfer.
 
    4.5 There shall be paid to the Company in respect of the registration of any transfer a sum, not exceeding that permitted by the CBCA, as the directors deem fit.
 
 
 

 
 
PART 5 - TRANSMISSION OF WORKS
 
5.1 In the case of the death of a member the legal personal representative of the deceased shall be the only person recognized by the Company as having any title to or interest in the shares registered in the name of the deceased. Before recognizing any legal personal representative the directors may require him to obtain a grant of probate or letters of administration in British Columbia.
 
5.2 Any person, who becomes entitled to a share as a result of the death or bankruptcy of any member, upon producing the evidence required by the CBCA, or who becomes entitled to a share as a result of an order of a court of competent jurisdiction or a statute, upon producing such evidence as the directors think sufficient that he is so entitled, may be registered as holder of the share or may transfer the share.
 
PART 6 - ALTERATION OF CAPITAL
 
6.1 Company may by ordinary resolution filed with the Registrar amend its memorandum to increase the share capital of the Company by:
 
(a) creating shares with par value or shares without par value, or both;
(b) increasing the number of shares with par value or shares without par value, or both;
(c)       increasing the par value of a class of shares with par value, if no shares of that class are issued.
6.2 The directors may determine the price or consideration at or for which shares without par value may be issued.
 
6.3 Except as otherwise provided by conditions imposed at the time of creation of any new shares or by this By-Law, any addition to the authorized capital resulting from the creation of new shares shall be subject to the provisions of this By-Law.
 
6.4 Unless this By-Law elsewhere specifically otherwise provides, the provision of this By-Law relating to general meetings shall apply, with the necessary changes and sofar as they are applicable, to a class meeting of members holding a particular class of shares.
 
PART 7 - PURCHASE OF SHARES
 
7.1 Subject to the special rights and restrictions attached to any class of shares, the Company may, by a resolution of the directors and in compliance with the CBCA, redeem or purchase any of its shares at the price and upon the terms specified in such resolution, but no such purchase shall be made if the Company is insolvent at the time of the proposed purchase or the proposed purchase would render the Company insolvent. Unless the Company is purchasing the shares from a dissenting member pursuant to the CBCA, the Company shall make its offer to purchase through the facilities of a stock exchange, if a reporting company, or pro rata to every member who holds shares of the class proposed to be purchased. The shares so purchased by the Company may be sold by it but the Company shall not exercise any vote in respect of these shares while they are held by the Company.
 
PART 8 - BORROWING POWERS
 
8.1 The directors may from time to time at their discretion authorize the Company to borrow any sum or sums of money or to undertake any obligation (including obligations of guarantee or indemnity) for the purposes of the Company and may raise or secure the repayment of that sum or sums or the performance of any such obligation in such manner and upon such terms and conditions, in all respects, as they think fit. and in particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, by the issue of bonds or debentures, or any mortgage or charge, whether specific or floating, or other security on the undertaking of the whole or any part of the property of the Company, both present and future.
 
 
 

 
 
8.2 The directors may make any debenture, bonds or other debt obligations issued by the company by their terms, assignable free from any equities between the Company and the person to whom they may be issued, or any other person who lawfully acquires the same by assignment, purchase or otherwise, howsoever.
 
8.3 The directors may authorize the issue of any debentures, bonds or other debt obligations of the Company at a discount, premium or otherwise, and with special or other rights or privileges as to redemption, surrender, drawings, allotment of or conversion into or exchange for shares, attending at general meetings of the Company and otherwise as the directors may determine at or before the time of issue.
 
8.4 The Company shall keep or cause to be kept in accordance with the CBCA:
 
(a) a register of its debentures and debt obligations, and
 
(b) a register of the holders of its bonds, debentures and other debt obligations,
 
and subject to the provisions of the CBCA may keep or cause to be kept one or more branch registers of the holders of its bonds, debentures, or other debt obligations within or without the Province of British Columbia as the directors may from time to time determine and the directors may by resolution, regulations or otherwise make such provisions as they think lit respecting the keeping of such branch registers.
 
8.5               If the directors so authorize, or if any instrument under which any bonds, debentures or other debt obligations of the Company are issued so provides, any bonds, debentures and other debt obligations of the Company, instead of being manually signed by the directors or officers authorized in that behalf, may have the facsimile signatures of such directors or officers printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced thereon and in either case, shall be as valid as if signed manually, but no such bond, debenture, or other debt obligation shall be issued unless it is manually signed, countersigned or certified by or on behalf of a trust company or other transfer agent or registrar duly authorized by the directors or the instrument under which such bonds, debentures or other debt obligations are issued so to do. Notwithstanding that any persons whose facsimile signature is so used shall have ceased to hold the office that he is stated on such bond, debenture or other debt obligation to hold at the date of the actual issue thereof, the bond, debenture or other debt obligation shall be valid and binding on the Company.
 
PART 9 - GENERAL MEETINGS
 
9.1 Subject to Section 9.2 and to the CBCA the first annual general meeting of the Company shall be held within 15 months from the date of the Company’s creation and thereafter an annual general meeting shall be held once in every calendar year at such time, not being more than 13 months after the holding of the last preceding annual general meeting, and place as the directors shall appoint.
 
9.2 If the Company is not a reporting company and if all members entitled to attend and vote at the annual general meeting of the Company consent in writing each year to the business required to be transacted at the annual general meeting that business shall be as valid as if transacted at an annual general meeting, duly convened and held and, it is not necessary for the Company to hold an annual general meeting that year.
 
9.3 Every general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be called an extraordinary general meeting.
 
9.4 The directors may whenever they think fit, and they shall, promptly on the receipt of a requisition of a member or members of the Company representing not less than one-twentieth of such of the issued shares in the capital of the Company as at the date of the requisition carry the right of voting in all circumstances at general meetings, call a general meeting of the Company.
 
9.5    Any such requisition, and the meeting to be called pursuant thereto, shall comply with the provisions of the CBCA.
 
 9.6     Not less than 21 days' notice of any general meeting specifying the time and place of meeting and in case of special business, the general nature of that business shall be given in the manner mentioned in Part 21, or in such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed by ordinary resolution whether previous notice thereof has been given or not, to any person as may by law or under this By-Law or other regulations of the Company be entitled to receive such notice from the Company. But the accidental omission to give notice of any meeting to, or the non-receipt of any such notice by, any of such person shall not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.
 
 
 

 
 
9.7     Persons entitled to notice of a general meeting may waive or reduce the period of notice convening the meeting, by unanimous consent in writing, and may give such waiver before, during or after the meeting.
 
9.8     Where any special business includes the presenting, considering, approving, ratifying or authorizing of the execution of any document, then the portion of any notice relating to such document shall be sufficient if the same states that a copy of the document or proposed document is or will be available for inspection by members at a place in the Province of British Columbia specified in such notice during business hours in any specified working day or days prior to the date of the meeting.
 
PART 10 - PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
 
10.1   The following business at a general meeting shall be deemed to be special business:
 
(a)  
all business at an extraordinary general meeting, and
 
(b)  
all business that is transacted at an annual general meeting, with the exception of the consideration of the financial statement and the report of the directors and auditors, the election of directors, the appointment of the auditors and such other business as, under this By-Law, ought to be transacted at an annual general meeting, or any business which is brought under consideration by the report of the directors.
 
10.2   Save as otherwise herein provided a quorum for a general meeting shall be: two members or proxyholders representing two members, or one member and a proxyholder representing another member or two proxyholders personally present at the commencement of the meeting and together holding or representing by proxy not less than 5.0% of the issued shares of a class of shares the holders of which are entitled to attend and to vote at such meeting.
 
10.3   No business, other than the election of a chairman and the adjournment of the meeting shall be transacted at any general meetingunlessthequorumrequisitewaspresentatthecommencement ofthe meeting.
 
10.4   If within 1/2 hour from the time appointed fora meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened by requisition ofthe members, shall be dissolved; but in any other case it shall stand adjourned tothesameday in the next week at the same time and place. I f at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within 112 hourfromthetimeappointed,thememberspresentorany proxyholder shallbeaquorum.
 
10.5   The Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence the President of the Company shall be entitled to preside as chairman at every general meeting ofthe Company.
 
10.6   If at any meeting neither the Chairman ofthe Board, if any, nor President is present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting or is willing to act as chairman, the directors present shall choose someone of their number to be chairman. If no director be present or if all the directors present decline to take the chair or shall fail to so choose, the members or proxyholders present entitled to vote shall choose some person present to be chairman.
 
10.7   Thechairmanofthemeetingmay,with theconsentofany meetingal which a quorum is present and shall if so directed by the meeting, adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting otherthan the business leftunfinishedatthemeetingfrom which the adjournment look placc. When a meeting is adjourned for 30days or more, notice ofthe adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of a general meeting, save as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournmentor of the businesstobe transacted atany adjourned meeting.
 
 
 

 
 
10.8   Subject to the provisions of the CBCA every question submitted to a general meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless a poll is. before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands, directed by the chairman or demanded by a member entitled to vote who is present in person or by proxy, and the chairman shall declare to the meeting the decision on every question in accordance with the result of the show of handsorthe poll, andsuchdecisionshallbeenteredinthebook of proceedings of the Company. A declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried or carried unanimously or by aparticularmajority or lostornot carried by a particular majority, and an entry to that effect in the book containing the minutes of the proceedings of the Company shall be conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution.
 
10.9    No resolution proposed at a meeting need be seconded and the chairman of any meeting shall be entitled to moveorsecond a resolution.
 
10.10    In case of an equality of votes upon a resolution, the chairman shall, either on a show of hands or on a poll, have' a casting or second vote in addition to the vote or votesto which he may be entitled as a member or proxyholder.
 
10.11    Subject to the provisions of Section 10.12 if a poll is duly demanded as aforesaid, it shall be taken in such manner and at such time within seven days from the date of the meeting and place as the chairman of the meeting directs, and either at once or after an iiiterva!oradjoummentnotexceedingsevendays,andtheresult ofthe poll shall be deemed to be theresolution ofthe meeting at which thepoll is demanded. A demand for a poll may be withdrawn. In the case of any dispute as to the admission or rejection of a vote, the chairman shall determine the same and such determination made ingood faith shall be final and conclusive.
 
10.12    A member entitled to more than onevoteneednot,ifhe votes,use allhisvotesorcastallthe votes heusesinthesame way.
 
10.13     No poll may be demanded on the election of a chairman of ameeting and apolldemanded ona question of adjournmentshallbe taken atthe meeting without adjournment.
 
10.14    The demand of a poll shall not prevent the continuance of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question on whicha poll hasbeen demanded.
 
10.15 Every ballot cast upon a poll and every proxy appointing a proxyholder who cast a ballot upon a poll shall be retained by the secretary fortheperiod and be subject to the inspection as LheCBC'Amayprovide,andif notsoprovidedthenasmaybe decided bythe meeting atwhichtheproxy or ballot was used.
 
                                              PART 11 - VOTES OF MEMBERS
 
11.1    subject to any special rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, on a show of hands everymember present inperson shall have one vote, and on a poll every member, present in person or by proxy, shall have one vote for eachshare ofwhichhe isthe holder.
 
11.2    Any person who is not registered as a member but is entitled to vote at any general meeting in respect ofa share, may vote the share in the same manner as if he were a member; but, unless the directors have previously adm itted his right to voteat that meeting in respect of the share, he shall satisfy the directors of his right to vote the share before the time for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting, as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote.
 
11.3     Where there are joint members registered in respect of any share, any one of thejoint members may voteat any meeting, eitherpersonally or by proxy, in respect ofthe share as if he were solely entitled to it. Ifmore than one of the joint members ispresentatany meeting, personally or by proxy, thejoint member present whose name stands first on the register in respect ofthe share shall alone be entitled to vote in respect of that share. Several executors or administrators ofa deceased member in whose sole name any share stands shall, for the purpose of this Section, be deemed joint members.
 
11.4     A corporation, not being a subsidiary, that is a member may vote by its proxyholder or by its duly authorized representative, who is entitled to speak and vote, and in all other respects exercise the rights of a member and any authorized representative shall be deemed to be a member for all purposes in connection with any general meeting oftheCompany.
 
 
 

 
 
11.5   A member for whom acommitteehasbeenduly appointedmay vote, whetheronashowofhandsoronapoll,by hiscommittee and his committee may appoint a proxyholder.
 
11.6   A member holding more than one share in respect of which he is entitled to vote shall be entitled to appoint one or more proxyholders to attend, act and vote for him on the same occasion. If such member shouldappoint more than one proxyholder for the same occasion he shall specify the number of shares each proxyholder shall bcentitledtovote.
 
   11.7     A proxy or an instrument appointing a duly authorized representative of a corporation shall be in writing, underthehand ofthe appointor or of his attorney duly authorized in writing,or, if such appointor is a corporation, either under itssealorunder the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorized.
 
11.8   Any person of full age may act as proxyholder whetheror not he is entitled on hisown behalf to be present and to vote at the meeting at which he acts as proxyholder. The proxy may authorize the person so appointed to actas proxyholder forthe appointorfortheperiod.atsuchmeetingormeetingstolheextent permitted bytheCBCA.
 
11.9    A proxy and the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a notarially certified copy thereof shall be deposited at the registered office ofthe Company or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice calling the meeting, not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting at which the person named in the proxy proposes to vote, or shall be deposited with the chairman ofthe meeting prior to the commencement thereof. In addition to any other method of depositing proxies provided for in this By-Law, the directors may from time to time make regulations permitting the lodging ol proxies appointing the proxyholders at some place or placesotherthan the placeat which a meeting or adjourned meeting of members isto be held and for particulars of such proxies to be cabled or telegraphed or sent in writing before the meeting or adjourned meeting to the Company or any agent ofthe Company for the purpose of receiving such particulars and providing that proxies appointing a proxyholder so lodged may be voted upon as though the proxies themselves were produced to the chairman of the meeting or adjourned meeting as required by this Part and votes giveninaccordancewith such regulationsshall bevalid and shall be counted.
 
11.10   A vote given in accordance with the terms of a proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the member or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the share in respect of which the proxy is given, provided no prior notice in writing of the death, insanity, revocation or transfer as aforesaid shall have been received at the registered office of the Company or by the chairman ofthe meeting or adjourned meeting atwhichthe vote was given.
 
11.11   Unless, in the circumstances, the CBCA requires any other form ofproxy, a proxy appointing a proxyholder, whether for a specified meeting or otherwise, shall be in the form following, or in any other form that the directorsorthechairman of the meeting at which the form of proxy isto be used shall approve:
 
(Name of Company)
 
The undersigned hereby appoints                                                                                     
(or failing him                                                                   ) as proxyholder forthe undersigned to attend at and vote forandon behalf of the undersigned atthegeneral meeting of
the Company to be held on the _____ day of ____, 20___, and at any adjournment of that meeting.
 
Signed this                                   day of ____________________, 20_______
 
                            ______________________________________________
(Signature of Member)
 
 
 

 
 
10
PART 12-DIRECTORS
 
12.1    The management ofthe business of the Company shall be vested in the directors and the directors may exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as the Company is, by its Memorandum or otherwise, authorized to exercise and do, and which are not by this By-Law or by statute or otherwise lawfully directed or required to be exercised or done by the Company in general meeting, butsubjectneverthelesstotheprovisionsofall laws affecting the Company and of this By-Law and to any regulations not being inconsistent with this By-Law which shall from time to time be made by the Company in general meeting; but no regulation made by the Company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act ofthe directors that would havebeen valid ifthat regulation had not been made.
 
12.2    Thepersonsspecified in the Amalgamation Agreementare the first directors ofthe Company. The directors to succeed the first directors and the number of directors may be determined in writing by a majority ofthe Directors. The number of directors may be changed from time to time by ordinary resolution, whether previous notice thereof has been given or not, but shall never be less than one while the Company is not- a reporting company and three while the Company is a reporting Company. Further, the number of directors can be increased pursuant to Section 15.5.
 
12.3    A director shall not be required to have any share qualification but any person not being a member ofthe Company who becomes a director shall be deemed to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the Sectionstothesame extentasif he were a member ofthe Company.
 
12.4     Theremunerationofthedirectorsassuchmay from time to timebedetermined bythemembers, unless by ordinary resolution thedirectorsareauthorizedtodeterminetheir remuneration, such remunerationto be inaddition to any salary or other rem uneration paid to any officer oremployee ofthe Company as such, who is also adirector. The djrectorsshall berepaidsuch reasonable expenses as they may incur in and about the business oftheCompany andif any director shall perform any professional or other services for the Company that in the opinion of the directors are outside the ordinary duties of a director or shall otherwise be specifically occupied in or about the Company's business he may be paid a remuneration to be fixed by the Board, or, at the optionof such director, by thecompany in general meeting, and such remuneration may be either in addition to, or in substitution for, any other remuneration that he may be entitled to receive, and the same shall be charged as part of the ordinary working expenses. Unless otherwise determined by ordinary resolution the directors on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any director who has held any salaried office or place ofprofit withtheCompanyortohisspouseordependantsand may make contributions to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of anysuch gratuity,pension or allowance.
 
12.5     The directors may from li me to time and at any time by power of attorney appoint any company, firm or person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the directors, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions, not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the directors under this By-Law, and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons deal ing with any such attorney as the directors may think fit and may alsoauthorize any such attorneytodelegatealloranyofthe powers, authorities and discretions vested inhim.
 
12.6     A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract of proposed contract or transaction with theCompany shall declare the natureand extent of his interest ata meeting ofthedirectors or in any resolution to be signed by the directors relat ing to such contract or proposed contract in accordance with the provisions of the CBCA. A director shall not vote in respect of any such contract or transaction with the Company in which he is interested and if he shall do so his vote shall not be counted, but he may be counted in the quorum present at the meeting at which such vote is taken. Subject to the CBCA, the foregoing shall not apply to
 
      (a)       any contract or transaction relating to a loan to the Company, which a director or a specified corporation or a specified firm in which he has an interest has guaranteed or joined in guaranteeing the repayment oftheloan orany partofthe loan, or
       (b)     any contract or transaction made or to be made with, or for the benefit of a holding corporation or a subsidiary corporation ofwhich adirector isadirector, or
 
       (c)      any contract by a director or by any company of which the director is a shareholder, officer or director to subscribe for or underwriteshares, debentures or debt obligations to be issued by the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, or any contract, or transaction in which a director is, directly or indirectly, interested if all the other directors are also, directly or indirectly interested in the contract or transaction, or
 
 
 

 
    
      (d) if authorized by ordinary resolution pursuant to Section 12.4, the remuneration of the directors.
 
Subject to the CBCA the foregoing prohibitions and exceptions thereto may from time to time be suspended or amended to any extent by ordinary resolution, either generally or in respect of any particular contract or transaction or for any particular period.
 
12.7     A director may hold any officeorplaceofprofitunder the Company, other than auditor, in conjunction with his office of director for such period and on such terms, as to remuneration or otherwise, as the directors may determine. Subject to compliance with the CBCA, no director or intended director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the office .or place of profit or as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, and, subject to compliance with the CBCA, no contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which a directoris in anyway interested shall beliabletobeavoided.
 
12.8     Any director may act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company, and he or hisfirm shall be entitledto remuneration forprofessional services as if he were nota director.
 
12.9     A director whose permanent place of residence is outside the city where the registered office of the Company Ls situate, or who is about to leave or is temporarily outside the said city, or who may be expecting to be absent from the place where a meeting ofthe Board is to be held, or ^otherwise unable to attend the meeting ofthe Board, may appoint any person,whether amemberordirectoroftheCompanyornot.toacton his behalf as an alternate director and while such other person holds office as an alternate director, he shall be entitled to notice of meetings of the directors and to attend and votethereat accordingly and he shall, i f present, be included in computing the quorum, and if he be a director, shall be entitled to two votes, one as a director and the other as an alternate director, and shall further be empowered to sign resolutions Ofthe Board ofdirectors.andshall ipso facto vacaleoffice if and when the appointor vacates or is removed from office as director and any appointment or removal under this clause shall be effected by notice which may be in writing under the hand ofthe director making the same or may be made by telegram, cable or telex. An appointment under this Section may be a general appointment, or may be restricted to a single specified meeting of the Board and any adjourned portion thereof , or may be otherwise restricted in its operation or duration.
 
PART 13 - TERMINATION OF DIRECTORSHIP OF DIRECTORS
 
 13.1    The directorship of a director shall be immediately terminated:
 
(a) if he is found to beincapable of managing his own affairs by reason of mental infirmity;
(b) on the date of resignation stated in any notice in writing to the Company at its registered office by the director;
(c) ifhe is removed pursuant to Section 14.2;
 
(d) ifhe has been convicted within or without the Province of an indictable offence and the other directors resolve to removehim;or
 
(e) if he ceases to be qualified to act as a director under the CBCA
.
 
PART 14-RETIREMENT AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
 
14.1 At each annual general meeting ofthe Company all the directors shall retire in which case the Company shall electa Board of Directors consisting ofthe number of directors forthe time being fixed pursuanttothis By-Law but which shall not be less than that required by the CBCA. If in any calendar year the Company does not hold an annual general meeting the directors appointed at the last annual general meeting of the Company shall be deemed to have been elected or appointed as directors on the last day on which the meeting could have been held
 
 
 

 
 
 pursuant to the CBCA and the directors so appointed or elected may hold office, unless other directors have been appointed in the meantime, until other directors are appointed or elected or until the day on which the next annual general meeting is held.
 
14.2 The Company may by special resolution remove any director and, by ordinary resolution, appoint another person in his stead. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meetingofthe Company, butshallbe eligible for re-election atsuch meeting.
 
14.3 The directors shall have power at any time and from time to time to appoint any person as a director, to fill a casual vacancy on the Board ora vacancy resulting from an increase ofthe number of directors necessitated by the CBCA upon the Company becoming a reporting company. Any director so appointed shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting ofthe Company at which directors are to be elected, but be eligibfefor re-election atsuch meeting.
 
PART 15 - PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS
 
15.1 The directors may meet together at such places as they think fit for the dispatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings and proceedings, as they see fit. The directors may from time to time fix the quorum necessary forthe transaction of business and unlessso fixed such quorum shall bea majority ofthe Board. The Chairman ofthe Board, if any. or in his absence the President ofthe Company, shall be chairman of all meetings ofthe Board, but ifatany meeting neither the Chairman oftheBoard, ifany, nor the President shall be present within30 minutes afterthe time appointed forholding the same or if both the Chairman oftheBoard andthe President, being present decline to act, the directors present may choose someone of their number to be chairman at such meeting. A directorinterestedis to be counted inaquorum notwithstandinghisinterest.
 
15.2 a director may at any time, and the Secretary upon the written request of a director shall, call a meeting of the directors. Notice thereof specifying the time and place of such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, addressed to each of the directors at his registered address at least 48 hours before the time fixed for the meeting or such lesser period as may be reasonable under the circumstances, or such notice may be given to each director either personally or by leaving it at his usual business orresidentialaddrcssor by telephone, telegram, telex or other method of transmitting visually recorded messages, at least 48 hours before such time or such lesser period as may be reasonable under the circumstances. It shall not be necessary to give to any director notice of a meeting of directors immediately following a general meeting at which such director has been elected or notice of a meeting of directors at which such director shall have been appointed. Accidental omission to give notice of a meeting of directors to, or the non-receipt of notice by, any director, shall not invalidate the proceedings of that meeting.
 
15.3 Any director ofthe Company may from time to time file with the Secretary a writing waiving notice of any meeting of the directors being sent to him and agreeing to ratify and confirm any business transacted at any meeting ofthe directors though he may not be present at such meeting and though no notice has been sent to him ofsuch meetingand any and all meetmgsofthedirectorsof the Company so held (providedthat the quorum ofthe directors be present) shall be valid and binding upon the Company; provided that the director in such waiver may specify the period forwhichsuch waiver shall beeffective.
 
15.4 A meeting of the directors at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all or any of the authorities, power and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the directors.
 
15.5 The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body but, if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed pursuant to this By-Law as the necessary quorum of directors, the continuing directors or director may act forthe purpose of filling any vacancies in or increasing the number of directors to that number, or for the purpose of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose. The Board may,at any time ana from timeto time, appointoneormoreadditionaldirectorsolihecompanyin addit ion to the number ofdirectors elected pursuantto Section 12.2.
 
15.6 The directors may delegate any but not all of their powers to committees consisting of such of the directors as they think fit. Any committee so formed shall in the exercise ofthe powers so delegated conform to any regulations that may from time to time be imposed on it by the directors, and shall report every act or thing done in exercise of such powers to the earliest meeting ofthedirectorstobeheld next after thesame shall have been done.
 
15.7 A committee may elect a chairman of its meetings; if no such chairman is elected, or if at any meetings the chairman is not present within 3 0 minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the members present may chooseone of their number to be chairman ofthe meeting.
 
 
 

 
 
15.8 Themembersofacommitteemaymeetandadjournasthey think proper. Questionsarisingatanyineetingshall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and in case of an equality of votes the chairman shall havea second casting vote.
 
15.9 All acts done by any meeting of the directors or by a committee of directors or by any person acting as a director shall, notwithstanding that it shall be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any such director or person acting asaforesaid. orthatthey orany oflhem were disqualified, be as valid as ifevery such personhad beendulyappointedandwas qualified to bea director.
 
15.10 For the first meeting ofthe Board to be held immediately followingtheappointmentorelectionofadirectoror directorsat an annual or general meeting of shareholders or fora meeting of the Board at which adirector isappointed to fill a vacancy in the Board, no notice ofsuchmeetingsshall be necessary to the newly elected or appointed directoror directorsinorderforthe meeting to be duly constituted, provided that a quorum of directors is present.
 
15.11 Any director of the Company who may be absent either temporarily or permanently from the Province of British Columbia may fileattheofFiceoftneCompanyawaiverofnotice which may be by let ter, telegram or cable of any meeting ofthe directors and may at any time withdraw such waiver, and until such waiver'is withdrawn, no noticeofmeetingsofdirectorsshall besenttosuch director, and any and allmeetingsofthedirectorsofthe Company, notice of which shall not have been given to such director, shall, provided a quorum of the directors is present, be valid and binding uponthe Company.
 
15.12 Questions arising at any meeting of the directors shall be decided by a majority of votes. In case of an equality of votes the Chairman shallhavea second orcasting vote.
 
15.13 A resolution in writing, signed by each director or his alternate shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of directors duly called and held. Such resolution may be in one or more counterparts each signed by one or more directors or alternate directors which together shall be deemed to constitute one resolution in writing, but the provision of Section 12.6 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to any resolution passed in accordance herewith.
 
PART 16 - OFFICERS
 
16.1 The Board of Directors shall from time to time appoint a President, a Secretary and such other officers of the Company as it may determine, none of whom, save the Chairman of the Board, if any, and the President, need be directors.
 
16.2 All appointments of officers shall be made upon such terms and conditions and at such remuneration, whether by way of salary, fee, commission, participation in profits, or otherwise, as the directors may determine, and every such appointment shall be subject to termination at the pleasure of the directors unless otherwise lixed by contract.
 
16.3 Every officer of the Company who holds any office or possesses any property whereby, whether directly or indirectly, dutiesorinterestsmightbecreatedinconflictwithhisdutiesor interestsasanofficeroftheCompanyshall, in writing, disclose to the President the factandthe nature, character andextentof theconflict.
PART 17 - MINUTES, DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS
17.1 Thedirectorsshallcauseminutestobedulyenteredin books providingforthepurposes:
(a)  
of allappointments of officers;
(b)  
of the names of the directors or their alternates present at each meeting of directors and of any committee of directors;
 
 
 

 
 
(c)  
of all orders made by the directors or committees of directors;
(d)  
of all resolutions and proceedings of general meetings of the Company and of all meetings of the directors and of committees ofthe directors.
 
17.2    The directors shall cause the company to keep at its records office or at such other place as the CBCA may permit, the documents, copy documents, registers, minutes, and records which the Company is required by the CBCAtokeepat its recordsol flee orsuchother place.
 
PART 18 - EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS
 
18.1    The directors may provide a common seal for the Company and for its use and the directors shall have power from time to time to destroy the same and substitute a new seal in place thereof.
 
18.2    Subject to the provisions of the CBCA, the directors may provide for use in any other Province, State or Country an official seal, which shall have on its face of the name of the Province, Territory, State or Country where it is to be used.
 
18.3    Thedirectorsshall provide forthe safe custody ofthe common seal oftheCompany, ifany,which shall not be affixed to any instrument except in the presence ofany two directors ofthe Company by the authority ofa resolution of the directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by such resolution;and such person or persons shall sign every instrument to which the seal ofthe company isaffixed inhisortheir presence; provided thataresolutionof thedirectorsdirecting the general useofthe seal, ifany. may atany time be passed by the directors and shall apply to the use of the seal until countermanded by another resolutionofthedirectors.
 
18.4     The signature of any officer of the Company may, if authorized by the directors, be printed, lithographed, engraved or otherwise mechanically reproduced upon all instruments executed or issued by the Company or any officer thereof; and any instrument on which the signature ofany such person is so reproduced, snail be deemed to have been manually signed by such person whose signature is so reproduced and shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if such instrument had been signed manually, and notwithstanding that the person whose signature is so reproduced may have ceased to hold office at the date of the delivery or issue of such instrument. The term "instrument" as used in this Section shall include deeds, mortgages, hypothecs, charges, conveyances, transfers and assignments of property, real or personal, agreements, releases, receipts and discharges forthe payment of money or other obligations, certificates ofthe Company's shares, share warrants of the Company, bonds, debentures and other debt obligations of the company and all paper writings but shall not include share certificates or debentures whichshallbesigned in accordance with the CBCA.
 
PART 19-DIVIDENDS
 
19.1    The directors may declare dividends and fix the date of record therefor and the date for payment thereof. No notice need be Riven ofthe declaration ofany dividend. If no date of record is fixed, the date of record shall be determined under the provisions ofthe CBCA.
 
19.2    Subject to the terms of the shares with special rights or restrictions, all dividends shall be declared according to the number of shares held.
 
19.3    No dividend shall bear interest against the Company.
 
19.4    The directors may direct payment ofany dividend wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets or of paid-up shares, bonds, debentures or other debt obligations ofthe Company, or in any one or more of those ways, and, where any difficulty arisesin regard to thedistrihution, the directors may settle the same as they think expedient, and in particular may fix the value for the distribution of specific assets, and may determine that cash pavmentsshall bemadetoamemberuponthebasisofthe value so fixed in place of fractional shares, bonds, debenturesor other debt obligations inorderloadjusttherightsofall parties, and may vest any of those specific assets intrusteesupon such trusts forthe persons entitledasmayseem expedient tothedirectors.
 
19.5    Notwithstanding anything contained in this By-Law the directors may from time to time capitalize any undistributed surplus on hand ofthe Company and may from time to time issue as fully paid and non­assessable any unissued shares or any bonds, debentures or other debt obligations of the Company as a dividend
 
 
 

 
 
representing such undistributed surplus on hand or any part thereof.
 
19.6    Any dividend, interest or other moneys payable incash inrespectofsharesmay bepaid bychequeor warrant sent through the post directed to the registered address ofthe holder, or, in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of that one of the joint holders who is first named on the register or to such person and to such address as the holder or joint holders may in writingdirect. Every such chequeor warrant shall bemadc payable to the order ofthe person to whom it is sent. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends, bonuses or other moneys payable inrespect ofthe shares held by themasjoint holders.
 
19.7     A transfer of shares shall not pass the right to any dividend declared thereon before the registration of the transfer intheregister.
 
19.8    Notwithstanding any other provisions of this By-Law should any dividend result in any shareholders being entitled to a fractional part of a share of the Company, the directors shall have the right to pay such shareholders in place of that fractional share, the cash equivalent thereof calculated on the par value thereof or, in the case of shares without par value, calculated on the price or consideration for which such shares were or were deemed to be issued, and shall havethefurtherright and complete discretion to carry out such distribution and to adjustthe rights of the shareholders with respect thereto on as practical and equitable a basis as possible including the right to arrange through a fiscal agent or otherwise for the sale, consolidation or other disposition of those fractional shareson behalfof those shareholders ofthe Company.
 
19.9    The directors may, before declaring any dividend, set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as they think properasappropriationsfrom income,which shall atthediscretion ofthe directors, be applicable for meeting contingencies, orfor equalizingdividends, or for any other purpose to which theprofits of the Company may be properly applied, and pending such application may, either beemployedinthebusinessoftheCompany or be invested in such investments as the directors in their discretion mayfromtimetotimedetermine.
 
PART 20-ACCOUNTS
 
20.1    The directors shall cause records and books of accounts to be kept as necessary to properly record the financial affairs and conditions of the Company and to comply with the provisions of statutes applicable to the Company.
 
20.2    The directors shall determine the place at which the accounting records of the Company shall be kept and those records shallbeopento the inspection ofany director during the normal businesshours ofthe Company.
 
PART 21 - NOTICES
 
21.1    A notice may be given to any member or director, either personally or by sending it to him by prepaid post, envelope or wrapper addressedto the member or directorat his registered address.
 
21.2    A notice may be given by the Company to j oint members in respect of a share registered in their names by giving the notice tothejoint member first named intheregister of members inrespect ofthat share.
 
21.3    A notice may be given by the Company to the persons entitled to a share in the consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter, envelope or wrapper addressed to them by name, or by the titlcof representatives ofthe deceased, or trustee ofthe bankrupt, or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for the purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or until that address has been so supplied, by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if thedeath or bankruptcy had notoccurred.
 
21.4     Any notice or document sent by post to or left at the registered address ofany member shall, not withstanding that member is then deceased and whether or not the Company has notice of his death, be deemed to held solely or jointly with other persons lis place as the member or joint member in have been duly served in respect of any registered shares, whether by that deceased member, until some other person is registered in respect of those shares, and that service shall for all purposes of these Sections be deemed a sufficient service of such notice or document on his personal representatives and all persons, if any, jointly interested with him in those shares.
 
 
 

 
 
21.5    A member, or a member’s authorized representative, shall be entitled to give a notice to the Company by giving it in writing and sending it by prepaid post, or delivering it, to the registered office of the Company.
 
21.6     Any notice sent by post shall be deemed to have been served on the business day following that on which the letter, envelope or wrapper containing that notice is posted, andin proving service thereof it shall be sufficient to prove that the letter, envelope or wrapper containing the notice was properly addressed and put in a Canadian Government postoffice,postage prepaid.
 
21.7    If anumberof days notice oranoticeextending over any other period, isrequired to begiven,theday of service shall not, unless it is otherwise provided in this By-Law, be counted in the number of days or other period required.
 
21.8    Notice of every general meeting shall begiveninthe manner authorized by this By-Law, to:
 
(a)  
eveiy member holding a share or shares carrying the right to vote at such meetings on the record date or, if no record date wasestablished by the directors, onthedate ofthemeeting;
 
(b)  
the personal representative ofa deceased member;
(c)  
the trustee in bankruptcy a bankrupt member;
(d)  
theauditor oftheCompany;
(e)  
any other person entitled to receive notice under the CBCA.
 
21.9     All notices given pursuant to this By-Law must be in writing.
 
PART 22-INDEMNIFICATION AND PROTECTION OF DIRECTORS,
OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND CERTAIN AGENTS
 
22.1     The company may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether or not brought by the Company or by a corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as hereinafter mentioned and whether civil, criminal or administrative, by reason ofthe fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Companyorisorwasservingat the request of the Company as a director, officer, employeeor agentofanother corporation, a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against all costs, charges and expenses including legal fees and any amount paid to settle the action or proceeding or satisfy a judgment, if he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as aforesaid of which he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent, as the case may be, and exercised the care. diligence and skill ofa reasonably prudent person, and withrespecttoany criminal or administrative, action or proceeding, he had reasonable grounds for believing that his conduct was lawful; provided that the company shall not be bound to indemnify any such person, other than a director, officer or an employee of the Company, whoshallhave notice or who shallbe deemed to havenoticeofthis Section andto have contracted
 
with the Company in the terms hercofsolely byvirtueofhisacceptance ofsuchofliceoremploymenufinaetingas agent for the Company or as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other legal entity or enterprise as aforesaid, he does so by written request ofthe Company containing an express reference to this Section; provided that no indemnification of a directoror former director ofthe Company, or director or former director of a corporation in which the Company is or was a shareholder, shall be made except to the extent approved by the Court pursuant to the CBCA or any other statute. The determination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or otherwise shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act honestly and in good faith and in the best interests of the Company and did not exercise the care, diligence and skill ofa reasonably prudent person and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings,did not have reasonable grounds to believe thathisconduct waslawful.
 
 
 

 
 
22.2    The Company may indemnity any person other than a director in respect of any loss, damage, costs or expenses whatsoever incurred by him while acting as an officer, employee or agent for the Company unlesssuch loss, damage, costs or expenses arises out offai lure to comply with instructions, willful act or default or fraud by such person in any of which events the Company shall only indemnify such person if the directors, in then absolute discretion, so decide or the Company by ordinary resolution shall so direct.
 
22.3    The indemnification provided by Uiis Part shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any other Part, or any valid and lawful agreement, voteofmembersordisinteresteddirectorsor otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in anothercapacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall enure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person. The indemnification provided by this Section shall not be exclusive of any powers, rights, agreements or undertakings which may be legally permissible or authorized by or under any applicable law. Notwithstanding any other provisions set forth in this Part, the indemnification authorized by this Part shall be applicable only to the extent that any such indemnification shall not duplicate indemnityor reimbursement which that person has received or shall receive otherwise thanunderthisPart.
 
22.4    The directors are authorized from lime to time to cause the Company to give indemnities to any directors, officer, employee, agent or other person who has undertaken or is about to undertake any liability on behalfoftheCompanyorany corporation controlled by it.
 
22.5    Subject to the CBCA. no director or officer or employee for the time being ofthe Company shall be liable forthe acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other director or officer or employee, or for joining in any receipt or act for conformity, or for any loss, damage or expense happeningto the Company through the insufficiency or deficiency of title to any property acquired by order of the Board forthe Company, or for the insufficiency or deficiency ofany security in or upon which any of the moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be invested or for any loss or damages arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency, or tortious act ofany person, firm or corporation with whom or which any moneys, securities or effects shall be lodged or deposited or for any loss occasioned by any error of judgment or oversight on his part or for any other loss, damage or misfortune whatever which may happen in the execution of the dutiesofh is respective office or trustor in relation thereto unless the same shall happen by or through hisown willful act or default, negligence, breach of trust of breach of duty.
 
22.6     Directors may rely upon the accuracy of any statement of fact represented by an officer of the Company to be correct or upon statements in a written report ofthe auditor of the Company and shall not be responsible or held liable for any lossordamage resulting from the paying of any dividends orotherwise acting in goodfaithupon anysuchstatement.
 
22.7    The directors may cause the Company to purchase and maintain insurance forthe benefit of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, a partnership, joint venture, trustorother enterprise againstany liability incurred byhim as a director, officer, employee or agent.
 
PART 23 - PREFERENCE SHARES
 
23.1    The Preference shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series
composed of such number of shares and with such preference, deferred or other special rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached thereto as shall be fixed hereby or from time to time before issuance by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of the shares of any series which may be passed by the directors of the Company and confirmed and declared by Sections of amendment including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing:
 
(i) the rate, amount or method of calculation of any dividends, and whether such rate, amount or method of calculation shall be subject to change or adjustment in the future, the currency or currencies of payment, the date or dates and place or places of payment thereof and the date or dates from which any such dividends shall accrue;
 
 
 

 
 
                    (ii)  any right of redemption and/or purchase and the redemption or purchase prices and terms and conditions of any such right;
 
                    (iii) any right of retraction vested in the holders of Preference shares of such series and the prices and terms and conditions of any such rights;
 
                    (iv)  any right upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company;
 
                    (v) any voting rights;
 
                    (vi) any rights of conversion; and
 
                    (vii) any other provisions attaching to any such series of Preference shares.
 
      23.2    The Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to the payment of dividends, be entitled to a preference over the common shares and over any other shares of the Company ranking junior to the Preference shares.
 
       23.3 Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attached to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Company in accordance with section A of the conditions attaching to the Preference shares, in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or other distribution of assets of the Company among shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the holders of the Preference shares shall be entitled to receive, before any distribution of any part of the assets of the Corporation among the holders of the common shares or any other shares of the Company ranking junior to the Preference shares for each Preference share, an amount equal to the price at which such Preference share was issued together with, in the case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to cumulative dividends, all unpaid cumulative dividends (which for such purpose shall be calculated as if such cumulative dividends were accruing from day-to-day for the period from the expiration of the last period for which cumulative dividends have been paid up to and including the date of distribution) and, in the case of any Preference share that is part of a series of Preference shares entitled to non-cumulative dividends, any dividends declared thereon and unpaid. After payment to the holders of the Preference shares of the amounts so payable to them, they shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of the Company in connection with the events contemplated by this Section.
 
     23.4    No rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to any series of Preference shares shall confer upon the shares of such series a priority in respect of dividends or distribution of assets or return of capital in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation over the shares of any other series of Preference shares. The Preference shares of each series shall, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets or return of capital in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, rank on a parity with the Preference shares of every other series; provided however that in case such assets are insufficient to pay in full the amount due on all Preference shares, then such assets shall be applied, firstly, to the payment equally and rateably of an amount equal to the price at which the Preference shares of each series were issued and the premium payable thereon, if any, and secondly, rateably in payment of all accrued and unpaid cumulative dividends and declared but unpaid non-cumulative dividends.
 
 
 

 
 
23.5    Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions that may be attached to a particular series of Preference shares by the directors of the Corporation in accordance with section A of the conditions attaching to the Preference shares, the holders of a series of Preference shares shall not, as such, be entitled to receive notice of or to attend any meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation and shall not be entitled to vote at any such meeting (except where the holders of a specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately as a class as provided in the Act.
 
23.6     The holders of Preference shares, or of any series of Preference shares, shall not be entitled to vote separately as a class or series (and no rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to the Preference shares or any series of Preference shares shall entitle any holder of Preference shares or of any series of Preference shares to vote separately as a class or series) upon any proposal to amend the Sections of the Corporation to:
 
(a)  
increase or decrease any maximum number of authorized Preference shares or increase any maximum number of authorized shares of a class having rights or privileges equal or superior to the Preference shares;
(b)  
effect an exchange, reclassification or cancellation of all or part of the Preference shares; or
 
(c)  
create a new class of shares equal or superior to the Preference shares.
 
23.7 Notwithstanding the aforesaid rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions on the right to vote, the holders of a series of Preference shares are entitled to notice of meetings of shareholders called for the purpose of authorizing the dissolution of the Corporation or the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the Corporation other than in the ordinary course of business of the Corporation under subsection 189(3) of the Act, as such subsection may be amended from time to time.
 
23.8 Subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other class of shares of the Corporation the holders of the common shares shall be entitled to receive any dividends declared by the Corporation.
 
23.9 The holders of the common shares shall be entitled to receive the remaining property of the Corporation upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary of involuntary.
 
23.10 The holders of the common shares shall be entitled to one vote for each common share held at all meetings of shareholders, except meetings at which only holders of another specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote.
 
 
April 2, 2012
 
/s/ Carl R Jonsson, Secretary                               
Carl R. Jonsson, Secretary
 

 





 


Exhibit 4
 
27
 
APPENDIX “C”
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
(the "Corporation")
 
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION PLAN
APRIL 10, 2007, as Amended March 31, 2011
(the "Plan")
 
1.     Purpose of this Plan
 
The purpose of this Plan is to assist the Corporation in attracting, retaining and motivating Directors, employees and service providers (as those terms are defined or recognized in the Manual of the Toronto Stock Exchange (“Exchange”), and which terms are hereinafter collectively referred to as "Directors, employees and other service providers for itself and its subsidiaries and to closely align the personal interests of such Directors, employees and service providers with those of the Corporation by providing them with the opportunity, through options, to acquire common shares in the capital of the Corporation.
 
2.     Implementation
 
This Plan and the grant and exercise of any options under this Plan are subject to compliance with the applicable requirements of each stock exchange or securities market ("Exchanges") on which the shares of the Corporation are listed or quoted at the time of the grant of any options under this Plan and of any governmental authority or regulatory body to which the Corporation is subject.
 
3.     Administration
 
This Plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (“Board”) which shall, without limitation, subject to any necessary approval of the exchanges, have full and final authority in its discretion, but subject to the express provisions of this Plan, to interpret this Plan, to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to it and to make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this Plan. The Board may delegate any or all of its authority with respect to the administration of this Plan and any or all of the rights, powers and discretions with respect to this Plan granted to it hereunder to such committee of Directors as the Board may designate and upon such delegation such committee, as well as the Board, shall be entitled to exercise any or all of such authority, rights, powers and discretions with respect to this Plan. When used hereafter in this Plan, "Board" shall be deemed to include a committee of Directors acting on behalf of the Board.
 
4.     Shares Issuable Under this Plan
 
Subject to any requirements of the Exchanges:
 
(a)  
the aggregate number of shares (“Optioned Shares”) that may be issuable pursuant to options granted under this Plan will not exceed 10% of the number of issued shares of the Corporation, on an undiluted basis, at the time of the granting of options under this Plan;
 
(b)  
no more than 5% of the issued shares of the Corporation, calculated at the date an option is granted, may be optioned to any one Optionee (as hereinafter defined);
 
(c)  
no more than 2% of the issued shares of the Corporation, calculated at the date the option is granted, may be optioned to any one service provider;
 
(d)  
no more than 10% of the issued shares of the Corporation, calculated, on an undiluted basis, may be issued or made issuable to insiders of the Corporation at any one time or within any one year period, under this and all other security based compensation arrangements of the Corporation.
 
 
 

 
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5.     Eligibility
 
Options may be granted under this Plan only to Directors, employees and service providers of the Corporation and any of its subsidiaries (collectively the "Optionees" and individually an "Optionee"). Subject to the provisions of this Plan, the total number of Optioned Shares to be made available under this Plan and to each Optionee, the time or times and price or prices at which options shall be granted, the time or times at which such options are exercisable, and any conditions or restrictions on the exercise of options, shall be in the full and final discretion of the Board.
 
6.     Terms and Conditions
 
All options under this Plan shall be granted upon and subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.
 
6.01    Exercise price
 
The exercise price to each Optionee for each Optioned Share shall be determined by the Board but shall not, in any event, be less than:
 
(a) the closing price of the Corporation’s shares on the Exchange on the trading day prior to the date of the grant of the option; and
 
(b) the minimum price allowed by the exchanges.
 
6.02   Amendments to Plan
 
(a) Shareholder approval will be required in respect of any amendment or amendments to the Plan:
 
(i) as to the number of shares issuable under the Plan;
 
(ii) which reduces the exercise price of an option;
 
(iii) extending the term of an option beyond its original expiry date, except as otherwise permitted by the Plan;
 
(iv) of this amending section of the Plan;
 
(v)           as to the number of Options which may be granted to any class or category of optionees;
 
(vi) amendments required to be approved by shareholders under applicable law.
 
(b) Any amendments to the Plan other than those described in sub-clause (a) can be done by the Board of Directors of the Corporation without shareholder approval.
 
6.03            Option Agreement
 
All options shall be granted under this Plan by means of an agreement (the "Option Agreement") between the Corporation and each Optionee in the form attached hereto as Schedule "A" or such other form as may be approved by the Board, such approval to be conclusively evidenced by the execution of the Option Agreement by any one director or officer of the Corporation, or otherwise as determined by the Board.
 
 
 

 
29
 
6.04            Length of Grant
 
Subject to sections 6.10 - 6.15 any options granted under this Plan shall expire not later than that date which is 5 years from the date such options are granted.
 
6.05           Non-Assignability of Options
 
An option granted under this Plan shall not be transferable or assignable (whether absolutely or by way of mortgage, pledge or other charge) by an Optionee other than by will or other testamentary instrument or the laws of succession and may be exercisable during the lifetime of the Optionee only by such Optionee.
 
6.06            Vesting
 
At the time of the granting of an option the Board may impose a vesting schedule, and in such case the vesting schedule shall be set forth in the Option Agreement.
 
6.07            Right to Postpone Exercise
 
Each Optionee, upon becoming entitled to exercise an option in respect of any Optioned Shares in accordance with the Option Agreement, shall thereafter be entitled to exercise the option to purchase such Optioned Shares at any time prior to the expiration or other termination of the Option Agreement or the option rights granted thereunder in accordance with such agreement.
 
6.08            Exercise and Payment
 
Any option granted under this Plan may be exercised by an Optionee or, if applicable, the legal representatives of an Optionee, by giving notice to the Corporation specifying the number of shares in respect of which such option is being exercised, accompanied by payment (by cash or certified cheque payable to the Corporation) of the entire exercise price (determined in accordance with the Option Agreement) for the number of shares specified in the notice. Upon any such exercise of an option by an Optionee the Corporation shall cause its transfer agent and registrar to promptly deliver to such Optionee or the legal representatives of such Optionee, as the case may be, a share certificate in the name of such Optionee or the legal representatives of such Optionee, as the case may be, representing the number of shares specified in the notice.
 
6.09            Rights of Optionees
 
Optionees shall have no rights whatsoever as shareholders of the Corporation in respect of any of the Optioned Shares (including, without limitation, voting rights or any right to receive dividends, warrants or rights under any rights offering) other than Optioned Shares in respect of which Optionees have exercised their option to purchase and which have been issued by the Corporation.
 
6.10            Third Party Offer
 
If at any time when an option granted under this Plan remains unexercised with respect to any common shares, an offer to purchase all of the common shares of the Corporation is made by a third party, the Corporation may upon giving each Optionee written notice to that effect, require the acceleration of the time for the exercise of the option rights granted under this Plan and of the time for the fulfilment of any conditions or restrictions on such exercise.
 
 
 

 
30
6.11             Alterations in Shares
 
In the event of a stock dividend, subdivision, redivision, consolidation, share reclassification (other than pursuant to this Plan), amalgamation, merger, corporate arrangement, reorganization, liquidation or the like of or by the Corporation, the Board may make such adjustment, if any, of the number of Optioned Shares, or of the exercise price, or both, as it shall deem appropriate to give proper effect to such event. If such an event is imminent, the Board may, in a fair and equitable manner, determine the manner in which all unexercised option rights granted under this Plan shall be treated including, without limitation, requiring the acceleration of the time for the exercise of such rights by the Optionees and of the time for the fulfilment of any conditions or restrictions on such exercise. All determinations of the Board under this section shall be full and final.
 
6.12             Termination for Cause
 
If an Optionee ceases to be either a Director, employee or service provider of the Corporation or of any of its subsidiaries as a result of having been dismissed from any such position for cause, all unexercised option rights of that Optionee under this Plan shall immediately become terminated and shall lapse, notwithstanding the original term of the option granted to such Optionee under this Plan.
 
6.13             Termination Other Than For Cause
 
If an Optionee ceases to be either a Director, employee or service provider of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries for any reason other than as a result of having been dismissed for cause as provided in section 6.12 or as a result of the Optionee's death, such Optionee shall have the right for a period of 30 days (or until the normal expiry date of the option rights of such Optionee if earlier) from the date of ceasing to hold such position to exercise the option under this Plan with respect to all Optioned Shares of such Optionee to the extent they were exercisable on the date of ceasing to hold such position . Upon the expiration of such 30 day period all unexercised option rights of that Optionee shall immediately become terminated and shall lapse notwithstanding the original term of the option granted to such Optionee under this Plan.
 
6.14              Deceased Optionee
 
In the event of the death of an Optionee, the legal representatives of the deceased Optionee shall have the right for a period of one year (or until the normal expiry date of the option rights of such Optionee if earlier) from the date of death of the deceased Optionee to exercise the deceased Optionee's option with respect to all of the Optioned Shares of the deceased Optionee to the extent they were exercisable on the date of death. Upon the expiration of such period all unexercised option rights of the deceased Optionee shall immediately terminate and shall lapse notwithstanding the original term of the option granted to the deceased Optionee under this Plan.
 
6.15              Blackout Period
 
If an option expires during a trading blackout or within 10 business days after the date on which the blackout ends, then the expiry date of the option will be extended for a period of 10 business days after the date on which the trading blackout ends.
 
7.                  Amendment and Discontinuance of Plan
 
Subject to any requirement of the exchanges, the Board may from time to time amend or revise the terms of this Plan or may discontinue this Plan at any time, provided that no such action may in any manner adversely affect the rights under any options earlier granted to an Optionee under this Plan without the consent of that Optionee.
 
 
 

 
31
 
8.                  No Further Rights
 
Nothing contained in this Plan nor in any option granted hereunder shall give any Optionee or any other person any interest or title in or to any shares of the Corporation or any rights as a shareholder of the Corporation or any other legal or equitable right against the Corporation whatsoever other than as set forth in this Plan and pursuant to the exercise of any option, nor shall it confer upon the Optionees any right to continue as a Director, employee or service provider.
 
9.                 Compliance with Laws
 
The obligations of the Corporation to sell shares and deliver share certificates under this Plan are subject to such compliance by the Corporation and the Optionees as the Corporation deems necessary or advisable with all applicable corporate and securities laws, rules and regulations.
 
10.               Withholding Taxes
 
Notwithstanding the other provisions and requirements set forth in this Plan the Corporation shall require, as a condition of the exercise of any options granted pursuant to this Plan, that an optionee exercising an option shall pay to the Corporation for remittance to the Canadian taxation authorities such amounts as are, by the tax laws and regulations applicable at the time, required in relation to the option being exercised to be collected and remitted. The Corporation must upon receiving the required monies from an optionee exercising an option, forthwith remit them to the Canadian taxation authorities accompanied by the appropriate forms to identify the optionee on behalf of whom the payment is being made.
 
11.               Previous Plans
 
All options granted under the Corporation’s previous Incentive Stock Option Plans will be deemed to have been granted pursuant to, and subject to the terms of, this Plan, to the extent that the provisions of such previously granted options are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan.
 
DATED: April 10, 2007.
 
SIGNED FOR IDENTIFICATION
 
__________________________________
Carl Jonsson, Director and Secretary
 
 
 

 
32
 
SCHEDULE “A”
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION PLAN
 
OPTION AGREEMENT
 
This Option Agreement is entered into between Caledonia Mining Corporation (the "Company") and the Optionee named below pursuant to the Incentive Stock Option Plan of the Company dated April 10, 200, as amended March 31, 2011 (the "Plan"), and confirms that:
 
1. on                                               ,               ;
 
2.                                    (the "Optionee");
 
3. was granted the option to purchase                               common shares (the "Optioned Shares") of the Company;
 
4. for the price of $              per Optioned Share;
 
5. exercisable from time to time up to but not after                                                                                                           ;
 
all on the terms and subject to the conditions set out in the Plan.
 
By signing this Option Agreement, the Optionee acknowledges that the Optionee has read and understands the Plan and agrees to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Option Agreement.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Option Agreement as of the        day of
                                                                          .
 
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
 
 
                                                                                                                     By:                                                                   
(the Optionee)                                                                                                       Authorized Signatory

 


 




Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven Curtis, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Company”).

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the Company, and have:

 
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The Company’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function);

 
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 
b.
Any, fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
 
Date: March 27, 2015
 
  (signed) 
 
Steven Curtis
 
       President and Chief
       Executive Officer
       
 
 
 






Exhibit 12.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I  Mark Learmonth, certify that:


1.           I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Company”).

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 
The Company’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e)) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the Company, and have:

 
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures  and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The Company’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function);

 
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to  adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 
b.
Any, fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


 
 
  Date: March 27, 2015  (signed)  Mark Learmonth
       
      Vice- President Finance and Chief
      Financial Officer
 
 
 






Exhibit 13.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), that I, Steven Curtis, President and Chief Executive Officer of  Caledonia , certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code 18 U.S.C.1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Rule 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report.


By:           (signed) Steven Curtis
Steven Curtis, President and Chief Executive Officer
Caledonia Mining Corporation

Date:       March 27, 2015

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided by Steven Curtis and will be retained by Caledonia Mining Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.



CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2014 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), that I, Mark Learmonth, Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer of  Caledonia , certify, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code 18 U.S.C.1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

1
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Rule 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report.


By:          (signed) Mark Learmonth
Mark Learmonth, Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Caledonia Mining Corporation

Date:       March 27, 2015

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided by Mark Learmonth and will be retained by Caledonia Mining Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
 
 






Exhibit 15.1

SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL REPORT AND PEA ON
 THE BLANKET MINE PROPERTY IN ZIMBABWE


Prepared by Minxcon (Pty) Ltd
on behalf of
Caledonia Mining Corporation
December 2, 2014
 
 
  Qualified Persons who prepared the Report –   Daan van Heerden (qualified person)
     Uwe Engelmann (supervising principal)
     Dario Clemente (supervising principal)
     Jaco Burger (author)
     J Knight (author)
     A Scholtz (author)
     D Dreyer (author)
 
 
SUMMARY

Minxcon Proprietary Limited (“Minxcon”) was commissioned by Greenstone Management Services Proprietary Limited (“GMS”) to compile an NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Blanket Mine for its parent company Caledonia Mining Corporation (“Caledonia”). The Report was required to provide the basis for a PEA on the potential of the depth extension of the current reserves as contained in the LoM Plan.

The Blanket Mine is located in the south-west of Zimbabwe, approximately 15 km northwest of Gwanda, the provincial capital of Matabeleland South. Gwanda is situated 150 km southeast of Bulawayo, the country's second largest city, and 200 km northwest of the Beit Bridge Border post with South Africa. Although some 268 mines operated in this greenstone belt in the early 1900s, Blanket Mine is one of the few remaining operating mines.

In keeping with the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act, which was enacted in 2007, 51% of Blanket Mine is owned by indigenous Zimbabweans. The various transactions were implemented with effect from September 5, 2012. In terms of the agreements, the transactions are vendor financed by way of dividend sacrifice.
 
Blanket Gold Mine is a well-established Zimbabwean gold mine, which operates at a depth of approximately 750 m below surface and produced approximately 45,500 ounces of gold in 2013. Blanket also holds brownfield exploration and development projects both on the existing mine area and on its prospects in the surrounding Gwanda area. The Blanket Mine covers the claims of Jethro, Blanket section, Feudal, AR, Sheet, Eroica and Lima, comprising a total area of approximately 2,540 ha.
 
The Blanket Mine exploits a fairly typical Archaean greenstone-hosted deposit situated on the northwest limb of the Gwanda Greenstone belt. Most mining activity takes place within AR South, AR Main and Eroica ore shoots. The gold enrichment occurs in near-vertical shoots spread out along an approximate north−south axis. Two main types of mineralization are recognized, namely disseminated sulphide replacement type mineralization forming the bulk of the orebodies, and gold-bearing quartz-filled shear zones. At Blanket Mine, the rock units strike north−south and dip steeply to the west.

The local geology consists of a basal felsic unit in the east that is not known to be mineralised. This unit is overlain by an ultramafic zone that includes the locally mineralized BIFs hosting the orebodies of the nearby Vubachikwe mine. The operating Blanket orebodies are situated in the immediately overlying unit – a sequence of komatiitic and tholeiitic lavas. A capping of andesite completes the stratigraphic sequence.

The mafic unit which hosts the gold mineralisation is for the most part a metabasalt with locally preserved pillow basalts. Regionally, the rock is a fine-grained massive amphibolite with localised shear planes. A low angle transgressive shear zone (up to 50 m wide cutting through the mafic zone) is the locus of some 25 gold ore shoots. The shear zone is characterised by a well-developed fabric and the presence of biotite.
 
 
 
 

 
 
Exploration activities are carried out both on and off the mine. Mine exploration takes place mostly underground on the producing claims and is aimed at defining the depth outline of the ore shoot trends, as well as quantifying additional resources. Off-mine exploration takes place on regional projects which have the potential to yield new sources of ore and possibly give rise to new mines.

The following table reflects the Mineral Resource Statement for Blanket Mine as at August 2014, as verified by Minxcon. The Blanket Mine Resource classifications have been changed to Measured, Indicated and Inferred and the Mineral Resources are declared as inclusive of all Mineral Reserves. Accordingly, the Mineral Reserves are declared separately, and are determined by their inclusion in the Life of Mine plan.

August 2014 Mineral Resource as Verified by Minxcon
Mineral Resource Category
Tonnage
Au Grade
Contained Gold
t
g/t
kg
oz
Measured Resource
1,572,733
3.91
6,146
197,606
Indicated Resource
2,478,902
3.77
9,340
300,288
Total Measured and Indicated
4,051,635
3.82
15,486
497,895
Inferred Resource
3,344,831
5.11
17,106
549,963
Notes:
Tonnes are in situ.
All figures are in metric tonnes.
Mineral Reserves are included in the Mineral Resources.
Mineral Resources are stated at a 1.96 g/t cut-off.
No geological losses were applied to the tonnage.
Tonnage and grade have been rounded and this may result in minor adding discrepancies.
The tonnages are stated at a relative density of 2.86 t/m3.

The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources were converted to Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves by applying applicable mining rates and other modifying factors. The Mineral Reserve Statement for Blanket mine is illustrated in the following table.

Mineral Reserve Statement (October 2014)
Mineral Reserve Category
Tonnage
Au Grade
Contained Gold
t
g/t
kg
oz
Proven
856,005
3.40
2,912
93,638
Probable
2,077,828
3.78
7,862
252,758
Total Mineral Reserves
2,933,833
3.67
10,774
346,396
Notes:
Tonnages refer to tonnes delivered to the metallurgical plant.
All figures are in metric tonnes.
Pay limit for Blanket Mine 2.03 g/t.
Pay Limit calculated: USD/oz. = 1250; Direct Cash Cost (C1) – 71 USD/t milled.

Mr. Uwe Engelmann, Pr. Sci. Nat., a consultant with Minxcon is the “Independent Qualified Person” for Blanket’s resources as required by National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators. Mr. Daan van Heerden, Pr. Eng., a director of Minxcon is the “Independent Qualified Person” for Blanket’s reserves as required by National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators.

Cautionary note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Inferred Resources.
The above table uses the term “inferred resources”. We advise U.S. investors that, while this term is recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. “Inferred resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the basis of feasibility or prefeasibility studies, except in rare cases. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred resource exists, or is economically or legally minable.
 
 
 

 
 
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Indicated Resources.
The above table uses the term “indicated resources”. We advise U.S. investors that these terms are not recognized by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The estimation of measured resources and indicated resources involves greater uncertainty as to their existence and economic feasibility than the estimation of proven and probable reserves. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that mineral resources in these categories will be converted into reserves.

Blanket Mine is an operational mine with well-established infrastructure and no major modifications or upgrades are necessary to sustain mining and processing operations. Major infrastructure consists of underground workings, a process plant, workshops and a tailings dam.

Two types of mining methods are used at the Blanket Mine:
 
·
Underhand stoping in the narrow Mineral Deposits,
 
·
Long hole stoping in the wider Mineral Deposits.
 
The surrounding country rock at the Blanket Mine, a massive amphibolite, is generally very competent and support such as rock bolts are rarely required. All ore is trammed to the 22 Level Ore Bins where, after primary crushing, the ore is loaded into skips via a loading flask and hoisted to surface.

The Blanket Gold Plant consists of crushing, milling, Carbon-in-Leach (“CIL”) and batch elution electro-winning circuits. The front-end comminution circuits (crushing and milling) have a capacity of about 40 ktpm while the CIL and downstream circuits have a capacity of approximately 100 ktpm to 120 ktpm. The plant achieved a recovery of about 93% over the past year. The plant is well-operated and maintained and housekeeping is of a high standard. Approximately 50% of the gold is recovered via the Knelson concentrators as free gold. Tailings from the CIL stream is pumped to a tailings dam, with the effluent being recycled to the plant.

Two permits for effluent disposal have been issued to the Blanket Mine, covering the sewage effluent and mill tailings disposals. The Mine has implemented a pollution monitoring system around the current tailings dam with the installation of a number of piezometers, which are routinely monitored on an independent basis by Fraser Alexander personnel from its Harare office.

In terms of the Mining General Regulations, certain closure obligations are to be fulfilled.   These are covered in a Closure Plan initially prepared by Knight Piesold. Management revised the quantum of the provisions in 2013.

The Blanket Mine smelts gold Doré bars on a weekly basis and delivers them to a local refinery which is operated by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. The Doré bars are then smelted, sampled and assayed and Blanket is paid according to the London Bullion Market Association Tuesday pm Gold Fix.

Minxcon prepared a market valuation based on the free cash flow from the Blanket Mineral Reserves to demonstrate whether the extraction of the ore body is viable and justifiable under the defined set of modifying factors. This was demonstrated using the Discounted Cash Flow (“DCF”) method on a Free Cash Flow to the Firm (“FCFF”) basis, to calculate the nett present value (“NPV”) and the intrinsic value of the mine in real terms. The DCF valuation was calculated at a gold price of USD1,250/oz and yielded a NPV of USD66 million at a real discount rate of 8.36%.

Direct Cash cost for Blanket is USD71/milled tonne, which equates to USD641/oz, which is below the average global gold cash cost of USD767/oz. The fully-allocated cost for the Mine is USD95/milled tonne equating to USD864/oz.

Preliminary Economic Assessment Summary

Minxcon was commissioned by GMS in November 2014 to complete a scoping level study on the Blanket Mine which comprises of an initial extension from below 750 m Level to 1000 m Level, in the form of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA). The PEA includes Inferred Mineral Resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorised as mineral reserves. A DCF valuation was completed as part of the PEA and the value derived from the PEA includes the LoM Reserve plan as well as the Inferred Resources used in the expansion of the mine plan. The best-estimated value of the PEA was calculated at USD147 million with at a real discount rate of 8.36% compared to the value of USD66 million derived from the LoM Reserve plan. The PEA thus adds an additional USD981 million to the LoM Reserve plan. Substantial upside potential exist in that the resource planned in the PEA is small in comparison to the exploration targets that could be converted to resource below 750 m Level.
 
 
 
 

 
 
Confidence in the Mineral Resource is concept level because the resources below 750 m Level are predominantly in the Inferred category, but mitigated by the fact that only 3% of the Inferred Resources is required to achieve payback. The PEA mine plan, design, schedule and OPEX estimation is better that concept level and based on current actual performance. The capital estimation was estimated on a definitive level of confidence.

The existing infrastructure at the Blanket Mine will be utilised in parallel with new infrastructure specifically aimed at targeting the Below 750 m Level mining areas. The average tonnage planned in the Reserve plan at steady state is around 38 ktpm and this is expected to increase to above 50 ktpm.

The average grade is expected to increase slightly from 3.67 g/t to 4.02 g/t. The historic metallurgical recoveries of 93.3% are not expected to change with the increased mill throughput at Blanket Mine.

The infrastructure extensions as defined in the PEA add an additional approximately 345 koz to the 320 koz (665 koz in total) already included in the LoM Reserve plan, effectively doubling the amount of gold expected to be recovered. In addition to the PEA gold production, substantial additional resource potential exists in the Exploration Target areas below AR Main, AR South, Lima and Eroica. The PEA project will provide access to these Exploration Target areas that will potentially extend the LoM.

Direct Cash cost for the PEA is USD66/milled tonne which equates to USD546 oz; well below the average global gold cash cost of USD767/oz. The fully-allocated cost for the PEA is USD94/milled tonne which equates to USD775/oz; noticeably lower than similar gold mining operations.
 
The Report, authored by J. Burger, J. Knight, F.J.J. Fourie and D. Dreyer, dated November 26, 2014, can be viewed on the Company’s website pursuant to the links “Investors” and “Technical Reports” - and on SEDAR at: www.sedar.com
 
 






Exhibit 15.2
Property and Claims Information

THE DATA PROVIDED BELOW FOR THE THREE PROPERTY AREAS IS CONSIDERED THE MATERIAL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE PROPERTIES AND CLAIMS. THE FULL TEXT OF THIS DATA AND INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE IN THE VARIOUS TECHNICAL REPORTS THAT ARE AVAILABLE ON THE COMPANY WEBSITE www.caledoniamining.com

BLANKET GOLD MINE
a)           Nature of Ownership Interests
Blanket Mine’s claims area is based on 2701 pegged claims.  An application made to the Ministry of Mines to convert the claims area into a mining lease was approved and its issue is awaited.
Blanket’s exploration properties are all pegged claims (see Table 14 g(i)) and held 100% by Blanket although some of the claims are subject to royalties.
b)           Salient Terms of Agreements, Royalties
 
·
1.5 – 2.0% NSR. Blanket owns the claims totally.
 
Based on current mining law in Zimbabwe, Blanket’s Mining Lease is valid in perpetuity.
Prospecting claims are renewable on an annual basis (Table 14 g(i)) by payment of a claim fee based on the area of the claim. The claims may also be maintained by carrying out exploration activities on the claims.  Royalties are payable on some of the claims (see Table 14 g(i)).
c)           Mineral Rights – Process of Acquisition
Mineral rights in Zimbabwe may be acquired by pegging claims or by purchasing claims. In the case of the purchase of an operating mine the mining lease/ claim is transferrable together with the related conditions.  Proposed changes to the Mining Law will require that indigenous persons hold a significant interest in mining companies.  Claims are held indefinitely so long as they are serviced in terms of work done or fees paid.
d)           The Claim/Right type and Conditions
Zimbabwe recognizes both precious metal (gold) and base metal claims regardless of the nature of the deposit.  In the event of a gold mine being located on base metal claims, the claims can be converted to precious metal claims. The claims are awarded and monitored by the State.  A mining lease is awarded over existing claims on application by the mining company.
e)           Property details
See Table 14 g(i).
f)           Conditions of retention, Payments etc
See Table 14 g(i).  Claim fee payments are made by Blanket Gold Mine (responsible person – V. Naik).
g)           Property area – see Table 14 g (i)

The protection of non-producing claims is the subject of ongoing discussions as the claim protection fees have been dramatically increased and the economic feasibility of protecting all claims is being assessed.
 
 
 
 

 

CLAIM BLOCK
NUMBER OF
CLAIM
CLAIM/BLOCK
EXPIRY DATES
AREA
PROPERTY NAME
CLAIM BLOCKS
TYPE
NUMBERS
 
(ha)
GWANDA CLAIMS
         
Blanket Mine
         
Valentine
26   
Gold
GA2767-92
21-Mar-16
240.6
Oqueil
36   
Gold
35928-63
29-Jan-16
270
Havard
1   
Base
5576BM
02-Feb-15
25
Blanket
11   
Gold
GA512'GA547,GA247-8,GA349,
06-Apr-16
114
     
GA5030,1817,31202,3958
   
   
Base
6874BM,9627BM
26-Aug-15
 
Feudal
6   
Gold
31190,19918,21065,GA446,
10-May-16
77
   
Base
10051BM,10358BM
25-Sep-15
 
Lima
85  
Gold
36066-117,35753-68,34052-67,
02-Apr-16
828.5
   
Base
10925BM
23-Sep-15
 
Sheet
21  
Gold
35628-39,34744,34747-51,34856,GA341,
03-Apr-16
179.6
   
Base
9629BM
26-Aug-15
 
Sabiwa
12  
Gold
GA281,GA513,1978,25610,9628BM,
11-Apr-16
594
   
Base
9628BM,10922-23BM,10894-96BM,10049-50BM
23-Sep-15
 
Mbudzane Rock
43  
Gold
36160-202
21-May-16
353.9
Jethro
1  
Gold
19923
23-Jul-16
9
DT
2  
Gold
21775
01-Sep-16
10
Smiler
1  
Gold
32939
20-Nov-15
10
Site Cemetry
1  
Site
577
14-Dec-15
2
Site Compound
1  
Site
701
15-Sep-15
10
Site Compound
1  
Site
575
14-Dec-15
17
Site Compound
1  
Site
574
14-Dec-15
7
Site Dump
1  
Site
646
15-Sep-15
18
Site Housing
1  
Site
573
17-Mar-15
23
Site Housing
1  
Site
645
15-Sep-15
8
Site Magazine
1  
Site
578
14-Dec-15
29
Site Slimes
1  
Site
613
21-Mar-15
28
Blanket Exploration
         
Penzance
3  
Base
11264BM,11265BM,8838BM
07-Jan-15
99
Bunny's Luck
6  
Base
10443-48BM
15-Jan-15
150
Cinderella
5  
Base
11122-23BM,10824-26BM
19-Jan-15
428
Eagle 16
1  
Base
11266BM
21-Jan-15
51
Spruit
5  
Base
10623-24BM,GA532-4BM
24-Feb-15
388
Shakeshake
3  
Base
10625-27BM
24-Feb-15
288
Surprise
2  
Base
10628-29BM
24-Feb-15
196
Abercorn
2  
Base
11269BM,10602BM
11-May-15
216
Banshee
1  
Base
11093BM
14-Jul-15
135
 
 
 
 

 
 
Dan's Luck South
3  
Base
GA537-38BM,11268BM
11-Mar-15
135
Abercorn
1  
Gold
32251
28-Apr-15
10
Annette
3  
Gold
GA3258-60
03-Apr-16
24
Dan's Luck
2  
Gold
32776,GA3769B
13-May-15
18
Eagle Hawk
1  
Gold
30544
08-Oct-16
10
GG
7  
Gold
GA3769-75
06-Jul-16
162.9
Gum
2  
Gold
GA3060-61
10-Oct-16
12
Lincoln
1  
Gold
30548
01-Oct-16
10
Mascot
3  
Gold
GA583,29657,32756
03-May-16
30
Mazeppa
1  
Gold
32769
26-May-15
3
Rubicon
23  
Gold
34519-20,34794-805,34913-21
23-Jan-16
220
Valentine
3  
Gold
GA2994-96
11-Jul-16
30
Vulture
2  
Gold
5031, 8106
13-Jan-16
20
Will South
1  
Gold
33143
30-Sep-15
5
Site
1  
Site
649
08-May-15
4
Site
1  
Site
607
24-Sep-15
1
Site
1  
Site
608
24-Sep-15
1
Site
1  
Site
609
24-Sep-15
1
Site
1  
Site
610
24-Sep-15
1
Site
1  
Site
512
31-Dec-15
1
Bubi Claims
         
Stu
4  
Base
12072-74BM,12021BM
07-Jan-13
495
Chikosi
7  
Base
12011-17BM
30-Jan-13
499.5
Sandy
2  
Base
12018-19BM
30-Jan-13
300
Ruswayi
6  
Base
12022-27BM
30-Jan-13
544
Lonely
5  
Base
12028-30BM,12075-76BM
02-Feb-13
670
Spawn
3  
Base
12031-33BM
30-Jan-13
311
Kadoma Claims
         
Goldern Donkey
2  
Gold
1254-55
18-Mar-13
8
Headley NE
3  
Gold
1256-58
18-Mar-13
30
Harare
         
Apollo
27  
Gold
17438-46,28665-79,28734-36
27-Sep-13
208
Electra
1  
Base
19482BM
13-Mar-13
12
Apollo
3  
Base
28382-84BM
27-Sep-13
96
Avlin
15  
Gold
28030-28044
08-Sep-13
117
TOTAL
419  
     
8793.96
   Exploration claims
       
           
GG-GG6, GGA-GGE
11  
Gold
GA651,GA942-51
06-Jul-16
110

 
 




 


Exhibit 15.3
 
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT DATED AS OF DECEMBER 5, 2013 BETWEEN CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
AND
COMPUTERSHARE INVESTOR SERVICES INC.
AS RIGHTS AGENT
 
 
 

 
 
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT dated as of December 5, 2013 , between Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Corporation”), a corporation existing under the laws of Canada, and Computershare Investor Services Inc., a company existing under the laws of Canada (the “Rights Agent”);
 
WHEREAS:
 
(a)  
the Board of Directors of the Corporation, in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, has determined that it is advisable and in the best interests of the Corporation to adopt a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) to take effect immediately, subject to the approval of the Independent Shareholders at the next meeting of Shareholders, to be held in May, 2014, to ensure, to the extent possible, that all shareholders of the Corporation are treated fairly in connection with any offer or bid for the Voting Shares of the Corporation and to ensure that the Board of Directors is provided with sufficient time to evaluate unsolicited take-over bids and find an alternative value enhancing transaction, if appropriate in the circumstances;
 
(b)  
in order to implement the adoption of the Rights Plan, the Board of Directors confirmed and authorized:
 
(i)  
the issuance of one Right effective the Record Time in respect of each Common Share outstanding at the Record Time; and
 
(ii)  
the issuance of one Right in respect of each Common Share issued after the Record Time and prior to the earlier of the Separation Time and the Expiration Time;
(c)  
each Right entitles the holder thereof, after the Separation Time, to purchase securities of the Corporation pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
 
 
 

 
- 2 -
 
(d)  
the Corporation has appointed the Rights Agent to act on behalf of the Corporation and the holders of Rights, and the Rights Agent has agreed to act on behalf of the Corporation in connection with the issuance, transfer, exchange and replacement of Rights Certificates, the exercise of Rights and other matters referred to in this Agreement; and
 
(e)  
capitalized terms used above without definition have the meanings given to such terms in Article 1 of this Agreement;
 
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the respective agreements set forth herein, the Corporation and the Rights Agent agree as follows:
 
ARTICLE 1
INTERPRETATION 1.1                                                                    Certain Definitions
 
For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated;
 
(a)  
“Acquiring Person” means any Person who is the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares; provided, however, that the term “Acquiring Person” shall not include:
 
(i)  
the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the Corporation;
 
(ii)  
any Person who becomes the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares as a result of one or any combination of:
(A) a Voting Share Reduction,
(B) a Permitted Bid Acquisition,
(C) an Exempt Acquisition,
(D) a Convertible Security Acquisition, or
 
 
 

 
- 3 -
(E) a Pro Rata Acquisition;
 
provided, however, that if a Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares by reason of one or any combination of (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) above and thereafter becomes the Beneficial Owner of additional Voting Shares in an amount greater than 1% of the outstanding Voting Shares (other than pursuant to one or any combination of (A), (B), (C), (D) or (E) above), then as of the date such Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of such additional Voting Shares, such Person shall become an “Acquiring Person”;
 
(iii)  
for a period of 10 days after the Disqualification Date (as defined below), any Person who becomes the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares as a result of such Person becoming disqualified from relying on Clause (B) of the definition of “Beneficial Owner” solely because such Person makes or proposes to make a Take-over Bid, either alone, through such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or by acting jointly or in concert with any other Person (for the purposes of this definition, “Disqualification Date” means the first date of public announcement that any Person is making or has announced an intention to make a Take-over Bid, either alone, through such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or by acting jointly or in concert with any other Person, and includes, without limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 102.1 of the Securities Act);
 
(iv)  
an underwriter or member of a banking or selling group that becomes the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the Voting Shares in connection with a distribution of securities of the Corporation, which includes, without limitation, a distribution of securities pursuant to a prospectus or by way of private placement; or
 
(v)  
a Person (a “Grandfathered Person”) who is the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares determined as at the
 
 
 

 
- 4 -
 
Record Time, provided, however, that this exception shall not be, and shall cease to be, applicable to a Grandfathered Person in the event that (i) such Grandfathered Person shall, after the Record Time, become the Beneficial Owner of any additional Voting Shares in an amount greater than 1% of the outstanding Voting Shares, other than through one or any combination of a Permitted Bid Acquisition, an Exempt Acquisition, a Voting Share Reduction, a Pro Rata Acquisition or a Convertible Security Acquisition or (ii) such Grandfathered Person shall, after the Record Time, cease to be the Beneficial Owner of 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares.
 
(b)  
“Affiliate”, when used to indicate a relationship with a Person, means a Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person.
 
(c)  
“Agreement” means this shareholder rights plan agreement, as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time; “hereof”, “herein”, “hereto” and similar expressions mean and refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular part of this Agreement.
 
(d)  
“Associate”, when used to indicate a relationship with a specified Person, means
(i) a spouse of that Person, (ii) any Person of the same or opposite sex with whom that Person is living in a conjugal relationship outside marriage, (iii) a child of that Person or (iv) a relative of that Person or of a Person mentioned in items (i),
(ii) or (iii) of this definition if that relative has the same residence as that Person.
 
(e)  
A Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of, to have “Beneficial Ownership” of, and to “Beneficially Own”:
 
(i)  
any securities as to which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates is the owner at law or in equity;
 
(ii)  
any securities as to which such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates has the right to acquire or to become the owner at law or in
 
 
 

 
 
- 5 -
 
equity (whether such right is exercisable immediately or within a period of 60 days thereafter and whether or not on condition or the happening of any contingency) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement, pledge or understanding, whether or not in writing (other than (A) customary agreements with and between underwriters and/or banking group members and/or selling group members in connection with a distribution to the public or pursuant to a private placement of securities of the Corporation and (B) pledges of securities in the ordinary course of business); and
 
(iii)  
securities which are Beneficially Owned within the meaning of Clauses 1.1(e)(i) or (ii) by any other Person with whom such Person is acting jointly or in concert;
 
provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of, or to have “Beneficial Ownership” of, or to “Beneficially Own”, any security because:
 
(A)  
the holder of such security has agreed pursuant to a Permitted Lock-up Agreement to deposit or tender such security to a Take-over Bid made by such Person, made by any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or made by any other Person acting jointly or in concert with such Person, or such security has been deposited or tendered pursuant to any Take-over Bid made by such Person, made by any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or made by any other Person acting jointly or in concert with such Person, until such deposited or tendered security has been taken up or paid for, whichever shall first occur;
 
(B)  
such Person, any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or any other Person acting jointly or in concert with such Person holds such security provided that:
 
(1)  
the ordinary business of any such Person (the “Investment Manager”) includes the management of mutual funds or other investment funds for others (which others, for greater certainty,
 
 
 

 
 
- 6 -
 
may include or be limited to one or more employee benefit plans or pension plans) and the Investment Manager holds such security in the ordinary course of such business in the performance of such Investment Manager’s duties for the account of any other Person (a “Client”), including nondiscretionary accounts held on behalf of a Client by a broker or dealer registered under applicable law,
 
(2)  
such Person (the “Trust Company”) is licensed to carry on the business of a trust company under applicable laws and, as such, acts as trustee or administrator or in a similar capacity in relation to the estates of deceased or incompetent Persons (each an “Estate Account”) or in relation to other accounts (each an “Other Account”) and holds such security in the ordinary course of such duties for the estate of any such deceased or incompetent Person or for such other accounts,
 
(3)  
such Person is established by statute for purposes that include, and the ordinary business or activity of such Person (the “Statutory Body”) includes, the management of investment funds for employee benefit plans, pension plans, insurance plans or various public bodies, and the Statutory Body holds such security in the ordinary course of and for the purposes of its activities as such,
 
(4)  
such Person is a Crown agent or agency (a “Crown Agent”), or
 
(5)  
such Person (the “Administrator”) is the administrator or trustee of one or more pension funds or plans (a “Plan”) or is a Plan registered under the laws of Canada or any province thereof or the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof, and the Administrator holds such security in the ordinary course of and for the purposes of its activities as such;
 
 
 

 
 
- 7 -
 
provided, in any of the above cases, that the Investment Manager, the Trust Company, the Statutory Body, the Crown Agent, the Administrator or the Plan, as the case may be, is not then making a Take-over Bid or has not then announced an intention to make a Take-over Bid, other than an Offer to Acquire Voting Shares or other securities by means of a distribution by the Corporation or by means of ordinary market transactions (including prearranged trades entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person) executed through the facilities of a stock exchange or organized over-the-counter market, in each case, alone, through its Affiliates or Associates or by acting jointly or in concert with any other Person;
 
(C)  
such Person is (1) a Client of the same Investment Manager as another Person on whose account the Investment Manager holds such security,
(2) an Estate Account or an Other Account of the same Trust Company as another Person on whose account the Trust Company holds such security or (3) a Plan with the same Administrator as another Plan on whose account the Administrator holds such security;
 
(D)  
such Person is the registered holder of securities solely as the result of carrying on the business of or acting as a nominee of a securities depositary;
 
(E)  
such Person is (1) a Client of an Investment Manager and such security is owned at law or in equity by the Investment Manager, (2) an Estate Account or an Other Account of a Trust Company and such security is owned at law or in equity by the Trust Company or (3) a Plan and such security is owned at law or in equity by the Administrator of the Plan; or
 
(F)  
such security having been deposited or tendered pursuant to a Take-over Bid made by such Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or any other Person referred to in Clause (iii) of this definition until the
 
 
 

 
 
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earlier of such deposited or tendered security being accepted unconditionally for payment or exchange or being taken up and paid for.
 
(f)  
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Corporation.
 
(g)  
“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of Toronto, Ontario, are authorized or obligated by law to close.
 
(h)  
Canadian Dollar Equivalent" of:
 
(i)  
any amount which is expressed in British pound sterling means on any date the Canadian dollar equivalent of such amount determined by multiplying such amount by the U.K.-Canadian Exchange Rate in effect on such date; or
 
(ii)  
any amount, which is expressed in United States dollars means, on any date, the Canadian dollar equivalent of such amount determined by multiplying such amount by the U.S. - Canadian Exchange Rate in effect on such date.
 
(i)  
"Canadian-U.K. Exchange Rate" means on any date the inverse of the U.K.- Canadian Exchange Rate.
 
(j) “Canadian - U.S. Exchange Rate” means, on any date, the inverse of the U.S. - Canadian Exchange Rate in effect on such date.
 
(k) “Close of Business” on any given date means the time on such date (or, if such date is not a Business Day, the time on the next succeeding Business Day) at which the principal transfer office in the City of Toronto, Ontario of the transfer agent for the Common Shares (or, after the Separation Time, the principal transfer office in Toronto, Ontario of the Rights Agent) is closed to the public.
 
 
 

 
 
- 9 -
 
(l)  
“Common Shares” means voting common shares in the capital of the Corporation, as such shares may be subdivided, consolidated, reclassified or otherwise changed from time to time.
 
(m) “Competing Permitted Bid” means a Take-over Bid that:
 
(i)  
is made after a Permitted Bid or another Competing Permitted Bid has been made and prior to the expiry of that Permitted Bid or Competing Permitted Bid (in this definition, the “Prior Bid”);
 
(ii)  
satisfies all the provisions of the definition of a Permitted Bid, other than the requirement set out in Clause (ii) and (iv) of the definition of Permitted Bid; and
 
(iii)  
contains, and the take-up and payment for securities tendered or deposited thereunder are subject to, irrevocable and unqualified conditions that:
 
(A)  
no Voting Shares shall be taken up or paid for pursuant to such Take-over Bid (x) prior to the Close of Business on a date that is not earlier than the later of the last day on which the Take-over Bid must be open for acceptance after the date of such Take-over Bid under applicable Canadian provincial securities legislation and the earliest date on which Voting Shares may be taken up or paid for under any Prior Bid, and (y) then only if, at the time that such Voting Shares are first taken up or paid for, more than 50% of the then outstanding Voting Shares held by Independent Shareholders have been deposited or tendered pursuant to such Take-over Bid and not withdrawn provided that if the Take-over Bid is for less than all of the outstanding Voting Shares, no Voting Shares will be taken up or paid for pursuant to the Take-over Bid prior to the Close of Business at the end of the 10 Business Day period referenced in 1.1(j)(iii)(B); and
 
 
 

 
 
- 10 -
 
(B)  
in the event that the requirement set forth in Subclause (iii)(A)(y) of this definition is satisfied, the Offeror will make a public announcement of that fact and the Take-over Bid will remain open for deposits and tenders of Common Shares for not less than ten Business Days from the date of such public announcement;
 
provided always that a Competing Permitted Bid will cease to be a Competing Permitted Bid at any time when such bid ceases to meet any of the provisions of this definition and provided that, at such time, any acquisition of Voting Shares made pursuant to such Competing Permitted Bid, including any acquisitions of Voting Shares theretofore made, will cease to be a Permitted Bid Acquisition.
 
(n) A Person is “controlled” by another Person if:
 
(i) in the case of a corporation:
 
(A)  
securities entitled to vote in the election of directors carrying more than 50 per cent of the votes for the election of directors are held, directly or indirectly, by or for the benefit of the other Person; or
 
(B)  
the votes carried by such securities are entitled, if exercised, to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation; or
 
(ii)  
in the case of a Person that is not a corporation, more than 50% of the voting or equity interests of such entity are held, directly or indirectly, by or on behalf of the Person or Persons;
 
and “controls”, “controlling” and “under common control with” shall be interpreted accordingly.
 
(o)           “Convertible Securities” means, at any time, any securities issued by the Corporation from time to time (other than the Rights) carrying any purchase, exercise, conversion or exchange right pursuant to which the holder thereof may
 
 
 

 
 
- 11 -
 
acquire Voting Shares or other securities which are convertible into, exercisable into or exchangeable for Voting Shares (in each case, whether such right is exercisable immediately or after a specified period and whether or not on condition or the happening of any contingency).
 
(p) “Convertible Security Acquisition” means the acquisition by a Person of Voting Shares upon the exercise of Convertible Securities received by such Person pursuant to a Permitted Bid Acquisition, Exempt Acquisition or a Pro Rata Acquisition.
 
(q) “Co-Rights Agents” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Subsection 4.1(a).
 
(r) “Corporations Act” means the Canada Business Corporations Act, as amended, and the regulations made thereunder, and any comparable or successor laws or regulations thereto.
 
(s) “Disposition Date” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Subsection 5.2(c).
 
(t) “Election to Exercise” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Clause 2.2(d)(ii).
 
(u)           “Exempt Acquisition” means a Voting Share acquisition or a Convertible Securities Acquisition (i) in respect of which the Board of Directors has waived the application of Section 3.1 pursuant to the provisions of Section 5.2,
(ii) pursuant to an amalgamation, arrangement or other statutory procedure requiring Shareholder Approval, (iii) pursuant to a distribution of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (and the exercise of such Convertible Securities) pursuant to any equity incentive stock plan of the Corporation where the eligible participants include directors, employees (including officers) and consultants of the Corporation, (iv) which were made pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan, or (v) pursuant to the exercise of Rights.
 
(v) “Exercise Price” means, as of any date from and after the Separation Time, the price at which a holder may purchase the securities issuable upon exercise of one whole Right which, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms hereof,
 
 
 

 
 
- 12 -
 
shall be an amount equal to five times the Market Price per Common Share determined as at the Separation Time.
 
(w) “Expansion Factor” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Clause 2.3(a)(x).
 
(x) “Expiration Time” means the Close of Business on that date that is the earliest of
(i) the Termination Time, and (ii) the date of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.17 or, if this Agreement is confirmed pursuant to Section 5.17, the date of termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.18 or, if this Agreement is reconfirmed pursuant to Section 5.18 at the third and sixth annual meetings of shareholders following the meeting at which this Agreement is confirmed pursuant to Section 5.17, upon the conclusion of the Corporation’s annual meeting of shareholders in 2022.
 
(y) “Flip-in Event” means a transaction in or pursuant to which any Person becomes an Acquiring Person.
(z) “Grandfathered Person” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 1.1(a)(v). (aa) “holder” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 2.8.
(bb) “Independent Shareholders” shall mean holders of Voting Shares, other than:
(i)  
any Acquiring Person;
(ii)  
any Offeror, other than any Person who by virtue of Clause (B) of the definition of “Beneficial Owner” is not deemed to Beneficially Own the Voting Shares held by such Person;
 
(iii)  
any Affiliate or Associate of any Acquiring Person or Offeror;
 
(iv)  
any Person acting jointly or in concert with any Acquiring Person or Offeror; and
 
(v)  
any employee benefit plan, deferred profit sharing plan, stock participation plan and any other similar plan or trust for the benefit of employees of the
 
 
 

 
 
- 13 -
Corporation unless the beneficiaries of the plan or trust direct the manner in which the Voting Shares are to be voted or direct whether the Voting Shares are to be tendered to a Take-over Bid.
 
(cc) “Market Price” per security of any securities on any date of determination shall mean the average of the daily closing prices per share of such securities (determined as described below) on each of the 20 consecutive Trading Days through and including the Trading Day immediately preceding such date; provided, however, that if an event of a type analogous to any of the events described in Section 2.3 shall have caused the closing prices used to determine the Market Price on any Trading Days not to be fully comparable with the closing price on such date of determination or, if the date of determination is not a Trading Day, on the immediately preceding Trading Day, each such closing price so used shall be appropriately adjusted in a manner analogous to the adjustment provided for in Section 2.3 or as the Board of Directors shall otherwise determine in order to make it fully comparable with the closing price on such date of determination or, if the date of determination is not a Trading Day, on the immediately preceding Trading Day. The closing price per security of any securities on any date shall be:
 
(i)  
the closing board lot sale price or, in case no such sale takes place on such date, the average of the closing bid and asked prices for each such security as reported by the principal stock exchange or securities quotation system on which such securities are listed or admitted to trading (based on the volume of securities traded during the most recently completed financial year);
 
(ii)  
if for any reason none of the prices described in Clause (i) above are available for such date or the securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a stock exchange or securities quotation system, the last board lot sale price or, if such price is not available, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, for each such security on such date as reported by such other
 
 
 

 
 
- 14 -
securities exchange or securities quotation system on which such securities are listed or admitted to trading (and if such securities are listed or admitted to trading on more than one other stock exchange or securities quotation system such prices shall be determined based on the stock exchange or securities quotation system on which such securities are then listed or admitted to trading on which the largest number of such securities were traded during the most recently completed financial year);
 
(iii)  
if for any reason none of the prices described in Clauses (i) and (ii) above are available for such date or the securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a stock exchange or any other securities exchange or securities quotation system, the last sale price, or if no sale takes place, the average of the high bid and low asked prices for each such security on such date in the over-the-counter market, as quoted by any reporting system then in use (as determined by the Board of Directors); or
 
(iv)  
if for such date none of the prices described in Clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above are available or the securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a stock exchange and are not quoted by any reporting system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices for such date as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the securities selected in good faith by the Board of Directors;
 
provided, however, that if for any reason none of such prices is available on such day, the closing price per share of such securities on such date means the fair value per share of such securities on such date as determined by a nationally or internationally recognized firm of investment dealers or investment bankers selected by the Board of Directors and provided further that if an event of a type analogous to any of the events described in Section 2.3 hereof shall have caused any price used to determine the Market Price on any Trading Day not to be fully comparable with the price as so determined on the Trading Day immediately preceding such date of determination, each such price so used shall be
 
 
 

 
 
- 15 -
 
appropriately adjusted in a manner analogous to the applicable adjustment provided for in Section 2.3 hereof in order to make it fully comparable with the price on the Trading Day immediately preceding such date of determination. The Market Price shall be expressed in Canadian dollars and if initially determined in respect of any day forming part of the 20 consecutive Trading Day period in question in British pound sterling, such amount shall be translated into Canadian dollars on such date at the Canadian Dollar Equivalent thereof.
 
(dd) “Nominee” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Subsection 2.2(c).
 
(ee) “Offer to Acquire” includes:
 
(i)  
an offer to purchase or a solicitation of an offer to sell Voting Shares or Convertible Securities; and
 
(ii)  
an acceptance of an offer to sell Voting Shares or Convertible Securities, whether or not such offer to sell has been solicited;
 
or any combination thereof, and the Person accepting an offer to sell shall be deemed to be making an Offer to Acquire to the Person that made the offer to sell.
 
(ff) “Offeror” means a Person who has announced a current intention to make or who is making a Take-over Bid, but only to the extent such announced intention or Take-over Bid has not been withdrawn or terminated or has not expired;
 
(gg) “Offeror’s Securities” means Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by an Offeror on the date of the Offer to Acquire.
 
(hh) “Permitted Bid” means a Take-over Bid made by an Offeror by way of take-over bid circular which also complies with the following provisions:
 
(i)  
the Take-over Bid is made to all holders of Voting Shares, other than the Offeror;
 
 
 

 
 
- 16 -
 
(ii)  
the Take-over Bid contains, and the take-up and payment for securities tendered or deposited is subject to, an irrevocable and unqualified provision that no Voting Shares will be taken up or paid for pursuant to the Take-over Bid prior to the Close of Business on the date which is not less than 60 days following the date of the Take-over Bid and only if at such date more than 50% of the Voting Shares held by Independent Shareholders shall have been deposited or tendered pursuant to the Take-over Bid and not withdrawn provided that if the Take-over Bid is for less than all of the outstanding Voting Shares, no Voting Shares will be taken up or paid for pursuant to the Take-over Bid prior to the end of the 10 Business Day period referenced in 1.1(ee)(iv);
 
(iii)  
unless the Take-over Bid is withdrawn, the Take-over Bid contains an irrevocable and unqualified provision that Voting Shares may be deposited pursuant to such Take-over Bid at any time during the period of time described in Clause 1.1 (ee)(ii) and that any Voting Shares deposited pursuant to the Take-over Bid may be withdrawn until taken up and paid for; and
 
(iv)  
the Take-over Bid contains an irrevocable and unqualified provision that in the event the deposit condition set forth in Clause 1.1(ee)(ii) is satisfied, the Offeror will make a public announcement of that fact and the Take-over Bid will remain open for deposits and tenders of Voting Shares for not less than 10 Business Days from the date of such public announcement;
 
provided always that a Permitted Bid will cease to be a Permitted Bid at any time when such bid ceases to meet any of the provisions of this definition and provided that, at such time, any acquisition of Voting Shares made pursuant to such Permitted Bid, including any acquisition of Voting Shares theretofore made, will cease to be a Permitted Bid Acquisition.
 
 
 

 
 
- 17 -
 
(ii)  
“Permitted Bid Acquisition” means an acquisition of Voting Shares made pursuant to a Permitted Bid or a Competing Permitted Bid.
 
(jj) “Permitted Lock-up Agreement” means an agreement between a Person and one or more holders of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (each a “Locked- up Person”) (the terms of which are publicly disclosed and a copy of which is made available to the public (including the Corporation) not later than the date the Lock-up Bid (as defined below) is publicly announced or, if the Lock-up Bid has been made prior to the date on which such agreement is entered into, forthwith, and in any event not later than the date of such agreement), pursuant to which each such Locked-up Person agrees to deposit or tender Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) to a Take-over Bid (the “Lock-up Bid”) made or to be made by the Person or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates or any other Person referred to in Clause (iii) of the definition of Beneficial Owner; provided that:
 
(i) the agreement:
 
(A)  
permits the Locked-up Person to terminate its obligation to deposit or tender, and permits the Locked-up Person to withdraw if already deposited or tendered, the Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) from the Lock-up Bid in order to tender or deposit such securities to another Take-over Bid or to support another transaction that represents a price or value of consideration for each Voting Share or Convertible Security that exceeds the price or value of consideration represented or proposed to be represented by the Lock-up Bid; or
 
(B)  
(1) permits the Locked-up Person to terminate its obligation to
deposit or tender, and permits the Locked-up Person to withdraw if already deposited or tendered, the Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) from the Lock-up Bid in order to tender or deposit the Voting Shares or
 
 
 

 
 
- 18 -
 
Convertible Securities to another Take-over Bid, or to support another transaction that provides for a price or value of consideration for each Voting Share or Convertible Security that exceeds by as much as or more than a specified amount (the “Specified Amount”) the price or value of consideration for each Voting Share or Convertible Security contained in or proposed to be contained in the Lock-up Bid; and
 
(2)  
does not by its terms provide for a Specified Amount that is greater than 7% over the price or value of consideration for each Voting Share or Convertible Security contained in or proposed to be contained in the Lock-up Bid;
 
and, for greater clarity, the agreement may contain a right of first refusal or permit a period of delay to give such Person an opportunity to at least match a higher price or value of consideration in another Take-over Bid and may provide for any other similar limitation on a Locked-up Person’s right to withdraw Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) from the agreement, as long as the Locked-Up Person can accept another bid or tender to another transaction; and
 
(ii)  
no “break-up” fees, “top-up” fees, penalties, expenses or other amounts that exceed in the aggregate the greater of:
 
(A)  
the cash equivalent of 2^% of the price or value payable under the Lock-up Bid to a Locked-up Person; and
 
(B)  
50% of the amount by which the price or value payable under another Take-over Bid or transaction to a Locked-up Person exceeds the price or value of the consideration that such Locked-up Person would have received under the Lock-up Bid,
 
 
 

 
- 19 -
 
is payable by a Locked-up Person pursuant to the agreement in the event a Locked-up Person fails to deposit or tender Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) to the Lock-up Bid, withdraws Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (or both) previously tendered thereto or supports another transaction.
 
(kk) “Person” includes any individual, firm, partnership, association, trust, body corporate, corporation, unincorporated organization, syndicate, governmental entity or other entity.
 
(ll)           “Pro Rata Acquisition” means an acquisition by a Person of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities pursuant to:
 
(i)  
a stock dividend, stock split or other event in respect of securities of the Corporation of one or more particular classes or series pursuant to which such Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities on the same pro rata basis as all other holders of securities of the particular class, classes or series;
 
(ii)  
the acquisition or the exercise by the Person of only those rights to purchase Voting Shares or Convertible Securities distributed to that Person in the course of a distribution to all holders of securities of the Corporation of one or more particular classes or series (other than holders resident in a jurisdiction where such distribution is restricted or impracticable as a result of applicable law) pursuant to a rights offering (other than the Rights) or pursuant to a prospectus provided that the Person does not thereby acquire a greater percentage of such Voting Shares, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Voting Shares, so offered than the Person’s percentage of Voting Shares owned immediately prior to such acquisition;
 
(iii)  
a distribution of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities (and the conversion or exchange of such Convertible Securities), made pursuant to
 
 
 

 
 
- 20 -
a prospectus or by way of a private placement, provided that the Person does not thereby acquire a greater percentage of such Voting Shares, or Convertible Securities, so offered than the Person’s percentage of Voting Shares Beneficially Owned immediately prior to such acquisition; or
 
(iv)  
such other written agreements in respect of a Voting Share acquisition from treasury entered into by the Corporation after the date hereof, provided that the Person does not acquire a greater percentage of such Voting Shares offered in that distribution than the percentage of Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by that Person immediately prior to such distribution.
 
(mm) “Record Time” means the close of business on the Effective Date.
 
(nn) “Redemption Price” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Subsection 5.1(a).
 
(oo)           “Right” means a right to purchase a Common Share upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement.
 
(pp) “Rights Certificate” means the certificates representing the Rights after the Separation Time, which shall be substantially in the form attached hereto as Attachment I.
 
(qq) “Rights Register” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Subsection 2.6(a).
 
(rr) “Securities Act” means the Securities Act (Ontario), as amended from time to time, and the regulations thereunder, and any comparable or successor laws or regulations thereto.
 
 
 

 
 
- 21 -
(ss) “Separation Time” shall mean the Close of Business on the tenth Trading Day after the earlier of:
 
(i) the Stock Acquisition Date;
 
(ii)  
the date of the commencement of or first public announcement of the intent of any Person (other than the Corporation or any Subsidiary of the Corporation) to commence a Take-over Bid (other than a Permitted Bid or a Competing Permitted Bid); and
 
(iii)  
the date upon which a Permitted Bid or Competing Permitted Bid ceases to be such;
 
or, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) of this definition, such later date as may be determined by the Board of Directors; provided that if any such Take-over Bid expires, is cancelled, terminated or otherwise withdrawn prior to the Separation Time, such Take-over Bid shall be deemed, for the purposes of this provision, never to have been made.
 
(tt) “Shareholder Approval” means approval by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of Voting Shares at a meeting called and held in accordance with applicable laws and the articles and by-laws of the Corporation or a written resolution approved by holders of a majority of the outstanding Voting Shares excluding, in all cases, Voting Shares held by Persons who are not Independent Shareholders.
 
(uu) “Stock Acquisition Date” shall mean the first date of public announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include, without limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 102.1 of the Securities Act, the 1934 Exchange Act or any other applicable securities laws) by the Corporation or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such.
 
 
 

 
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(vv) A corporation shall be deemed to be a “Subsidiary” of another corporation if:
(i)  
it is controlled by:
(A)  
that other;
(B)  
that other and one or more corporations each of which is controlled by that other; or
 
(C)  
two or more corporations each of which is controlled by that other; or
 
(ii)  
it is a Subsidiary of a corporation that is that other’s Subsidiary.
 
(ww) “Take-over Bid” means an Offer to Acquire, where the Voting Shares subject to the Offer to Acquire, together with (i) the Voting Shares into which securities subject to the Offer to Acquire are convertible and (ii) the Offeror’s Securities, constitute in the aggregate 20% or more of the outstanding Voting Shares at the date of the Offer to Acquire.
 
(xx) “Termination Time” shall mean the time at which the right to exercise Rights shall terminate pursuant to Section 5.1(d) hereof.
 
(yy) “Trading Day”, when used with respect to any securities, means a day on which the principal securities exchange (as determined by the Board of Directors) on which such securities are listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the securities are not listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange, a Business Day.
 
(zz) U.K.-Canadian Exchange Rate" means on any date:
 
(i)  
if on such date the Bank of Canada sets an average noon spot rate of exchange for the conversion of one British pound sterling into Canadian dollars, such rate; and
 
 
 

 
 
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(ii)  
in any other case, the rate on such date for the conversion of one British pound sterling into Canadian dollars which is calculated in the manner which shall be determined by the Board of Directors from time to time acting in good faith.
 
(aaa) “U.S. - Canadian Exchange Rate” means, on any date:
 
(i)  
if on such date the Bank of Canada sets an average noon spot rate of exchange for the conversion of one United States dollar into Canadian dollars, such rate; and
 
(ii)  
in any other case, the rate for such date for the conversion of one United States dollar into Canadian dollars calculated in such manner as may be determined by the Board of Directors from time to time acting in good faith.
 
(bbb) “Voting Share Reduction” means an acquisition or redemption by the Corporation of Voting Shares or any other transaction which, by reducing the number of Voting Shares outstanding, increases the proportionate number of Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by any person to 20% or more of the Voting Shares then outstanding.
 
(ccc) “Voting Shares” shall mean the Common Shares of the Corporation and any other shares in the capital of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of all directors.
 
(ddd) “1933 Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 of the United States, as amended, and the rules and regulations made thereunder, as now in effect or as the same may from time to time be amended, re-enacted or replaced.
 
(eee) "1934 Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the United States, as amended, and the rules and regulations made thereunder, as now in effect or as the same may from time to time be amended, re-enacted or replaced.
 
 
 

 
 
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1.2 Currency
 
All sums of money, which are referred to in this Agreement are expressed in lawful money of Canada, unless otherwise specified.
 
1.3 Headings
 
The division of this Agreement into Articles, Sections, Subsections, Clauses, Paragraphs, Subparagraphs or other portions hereof and the insertion of headings, subheadings and a table of contents are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
 
1.4  
Calculation of Number and Percentage of Beneficial Ownership of Outstanding Voting Shares
 
For purposes of this Agreement, the percentage of Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by any Person, shall be and be deemed to be the product (expressed as a percentage) determined by the formula:
 
100 x A/B
 
where:
 
A = the number of votes for the election of all directors generally attaching to the Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by such Person; and
 
B = the number of votes for the election of all directors generally attaching to all outstanding Voting Shares.
 
For the purposes of the foregoing formula, where any Person is deemed to Beneficially Own unissued Voting Shares, such Voting Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of calculating the percentage of Voting Shares Beneficially Owned by such Person in both the numerator and the denominator, but no other unissued Voting Shares which may be acquired shall, for the purposes of that calculation, be deemed to be outstanding.
 
 
 

 
 
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1.5 Acting Jointly or in Concert
 
For the purposes of this Agreement, a Person is acting jointly or in concert with another Person if the second Person, as a result of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding, whether formal or informal and whether or not in writing, with the first Person or any Associate or Affiliate thereof, acquires or offers to acquire Voting Shares (other than (A) customary agreements with and between underwriters and/or banking group members and/or selling group members with respect to a distribution of securities by way of prospectus or private placement; or (B) pledges of securities in the ordinary course of business).
 
ARTICLE 2 THE RIGHTS 2.1                                                                Issuance and Evidence of Holdings of Rights
One Right in respect of each Common Share outstanding at the Record Time and each Common Share which may be issued after the Record Time and prior to the earlier of the Separation Time and the Expiration Time shall be issued in accordance with the terms hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, one Right in respect of each Common Share issued after the Record Time upon the exercise of rights pursuant to Convertible Securities outstanding at the Record Time may be issued after the Separation Time but prior to the Expiration Time.
 
Certificates, if any, representing Common Shares which are issued after the date of this Agreement but prior to the earlier of the Separation Time and the Expiration Time shall also evidence one Right for each Common Share represented thereby and shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to them the following legend:
 
“Until the Separation Time (as defined in the Shareholder Rights Agreement referred to below), this certificate also evidences and entitles to holder hereof to certain Rights described in a Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement dated as of December 5, 2013 (the “Shareholder Rights Agreement”) between Caledonia Mining Corporation (the “Corporation”) and Computershare Investor Services Inc. (the “Rights Agent”), the terms of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal executive
 
 
 

 
 
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offices of the Corporation. Under certain circumstances set out in the Shareholder Rights Agreement, the rights may expire, may be amended or redeemed, may become null and void or may be evidenced by separate certificates and no longer evidenced by this certificate. The Corporation will mail or arrange for the mailing of a copy of the Shareholder Rights Agreement to the holder of this certificate without charge as soon as practicable, after the receipt of a written request therefor.”
 
Certificates representing Common Shares that are issued and outstanding at the Record Time shall evidence one Right for each Common Share represented thereby, notwithstanding the absence of the foregoing legend, until the Close of Business on the earlier of the Separation Time and the Expiration Time.
 
Registered holders of Common Shares who have not received a share certificate shall be entitled to Rights as if such certificates had been issued and such Rights shall for all purposes hereof be evidenced by the corresponding entries on the Corporation’s securities register for common shares.
 
2.2 Exercise of Rights; Detachment of Rights
 
(a)  
Subject to adjustment as herein set forth and subject to Section 3.1 hereof, each Right will entitle the holder thereof, from and after the Separation Time and prior to the Expiration Time, to purchase one Common Share for the Exercise Price (which Exercise Price and number of Common Shares are subject to adjustment as set forth below). Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, any Rights held by the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries shall be void.
 
(b)  
Until the Separation Time:
 
(i)  
the Rights shall not be exercisable and no Right may be exercised; and
 
(ii)  
each Right will be evidenced by the certificate for the associated Common Share registered in the name of the holder thereof (which certificate shall also be deemed to represent a Rights Certificate) and will be transferable
 
 
 

 
 
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only together with, and will be transferred by a transfer of, such associated Common Share.
 
(c) From and after the Separation Time and prior to the Expiration Time:
 
(i)  
the Rights shall be exercisable; and
 
(ii)  
the registration and transfer of Rights shall be separate from and independent of the Common Shares.
 
Promptly following the Separation Time, the Corporation will prepare and the Rights Agent will mail to each holder of record of Common Shares as of the Separation Time and, in respect of each Convertible Security converted into Common shares after the Separation Time and prior to the Expiration Time promptly after conversion by the holder so converting (other than an Acquiring Person and, in respect of any Rights Beneficially Owned by such Acquiring Person which are not held of record by such Acquiring Person, the holder of record of such Rights (a “Nominee”)) at such holder’s address as shown by the records of the Corporation (the Corporation hereby agreeing to furnish copies of such records to the Rights Agent for this purpose):
 
(x) a Rights Certificate appropriately completed, representing the number of Rights held by such holder at the Separation Time and having such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the Corporation may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law, rule or regulation or with any rule or regulation of any self-regulatory organization, stock exchange or quotation system on which the Rights may from time to time be listed or traded, or to conform to usage; and
 
(y) a disclosure statement describing the Rights,
 
 
 

 
 
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provided that a Nominee shall be sent the materials provided for in (x) and (y) in respect of all Common Shares held of record by it which are not Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person.
 
(d)  
Rights may be exercised, in whole or in part, on any Business Day after the Separation Time and prior to the Expiration Time by submitting to the Rights Agent:
 
(i)  
the Rights Certificate evidencing such Rights;
 
(ii)  
an election to exercise such Rights (an “Election to Exercise”) substantially in the form attached to the Rights Certificate appropriately completed and executed by the holder or his executors or administrators or other personal representatives or his or their legal attorney duly appointed by an instrument in writing in form and executed in a manner satisfactory to the Rights Agent; and
 
(iii)  
payment by certified cheque, banker’s draft or money order payable to the order of the Rights Agent, of a sum equal to the Exercise Price multiplied by the number of Rights being exercised and a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or charge which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the transfer or delivery of Rights Certificates or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Common Shares in a name other than that of the holder of the Rights being exercised.
 
(e)  
Upon receipt of a Rights Certificate, together with a duly completed Election to Exercise executed in accordance with Clause 2.2(d)(ii), which does not indicate that such Right is null and void as provided by Subsection 3.1(b), and payment as set forth in Clause 2.2(d)(iii), the Rights Agent (unless otherwise instructed by the Corporation in the event that the Corporation is of the opinion that the Rights cannot be exercised in accordance with this Agreement) will thereupon promptly:
 
(i)  
requisition from the transfer agent or any co-transfer for the Common Shares certificates representing the number of such Common Shares to be
 
 
 

 
 
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purchased (the Corporation hereby irrevocably agreeing to authorize its transfer agent to comply with all such requisitions);
 
(ii)  
when appropriate, requisition from the Corporation the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuing fractional Common Shares;
 
(iii)  
after receipt of the certificates referred to in Clause 2.2(e)(i), deliver the same to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificates, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such holder;
 
(iv)  
after receipt of the certificates referred to in Clause 2.2(e)(i), deliver any cash referred to in Clause 2.2(e)(ii) to or to the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificate; and
 
(v)  
tender to the Corporation all payments received on exercise of the Rights.
 
(f)  
In case the holder of any Rights exercises less than all the Rights evidenced by such holder’s Rights Certificate, a new Rights Certificate evidencing the Rights remaining unexercised (subject to the provisions of Subsection 5.6(a)) will be issued by the Rights Agent to such holder or to such holder’s duly authorized assigns.
 
(g)  
The Corporation covenants and agrees that it will:
 
(i)  
take all such action as may be necessary and within its power to ensure that all Common Shares delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such Common Shares (subject to payment of the Exercise Price), be duly and validly authorized, executed, issued and delivered and fully paid and non-assessable.
 
(ii)  
take all such actions as may be necessary and within its power to comply with the requirements of the Corporations Act, the Securities Act and the securities laws or comparable legislation of each of the provinces of
 
 
 

 
 
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Canada, the 1933 Securities Act and the 1934 Exchange Act and any other applicable law, rule or regulation, in connection with the issuance and delivery of the Rights Certificates and the issuance of any Common Shares upon exercise of Rights;
 
(iii)  
use reasonable efforts to cause all Common Shares issued upon exercise of Rights to be listed on the stock exchanges on which such Common Shares were traded immediately prior to the Stock Acquisition Date;
 
(iv)  
cause to be reserved and kept available out of the authorized and unissued Common Shares, the number of Common Shares that, as provided in this Agreement, will from time to time be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights;
 
(v)  
pay when due and payable, if applicable, any and all federal, provincial and municipal transfer taxes and charges (not including any income or capital taxes of the holder or exercising holder or any liability of the Corporation to withhold tax) which may be payable in respect of the original issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates, or certificates for Common Shares to be issued upon exercise of any Rights, provided that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any transfer tax or charge which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the transfer or delivery of Rights Certificates or the issuance or delivery of certificates for Common Shares in a name other than that of the holder of the Rights being transferred or exercised; and
 
(vi)  
after the Separation Time, except as permitted by the provisions hereof, not take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.
 
 
 

 
 
- 31 -
 
2.3 Adjustments to Exercise Price; Number of Rights
 
The Exercise Price, the number and kind of securities subject to purchase upon exercise of each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 2.3.
 
(a)           In the event the Corporation at any time after the Separation Time and prior to the
 
Expiration Time:
 
(i)  
declares or pays a dividend on Common Shares payable in Common Shares (or capital stock or other securities exchangeable for or convertible into or giving a right to acquire Common Shares or other capital stock) other than pursuant to any optional stock dividend program, dividend reinvestment plan or a dividend payable in Voting Shares in lieu of a regular periodic cash dividend;
 
(ii)  
subdivides or changes the then outstanding Common Shares into a greater number of Common Shares;
 
(iii)  
consolidates or changes the then outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of Common Shares; or
 
(iv)  
otherwise issues any Common Shares (or other securities exchangeable for or convertible into or giving a right to acquire Common Shares) in respect of, in lieu of or in exchange for existing Common Shares in a reclassification, amalgamation, merger, statutory arrangement, or consolidation,
 
the Exercise Price, the number of Rights outstanding and the securities
purchasable upon exercise of the Rights shall be adjusted as of the record or
effective date as follows:
 
          (x) the Exercise Price in effect after such adjustment will be equal to the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment divided by
 
 
 

 
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the number of Common Shares (the “Expansion Factor”) that a holder of one Common Share immediately prior to such dividend, subdivision, change, consolidation or issuance would hold thereafter as a result thereof (assuming the exercise of any such exchange, conversion or acquisition rights); and
 
(y) each Right held prior to such adjustment shall become that number of Rights equal to the Expansion Factor;
 
and the adjusted number of Rights will be deemed to be allocated among the Common Shares with respect to which the original Rights were associated (if they remain outstanding) and the shares issued in respect of such dividend, subdivision, change, consolidation or issuance, so that each such Common Share will have exactly one Right associated with it.
 
To the extent that any such exchange, conversion or acquisition rights are not exercised prior to the expiration thereof, the Exercise Price shall be readjusted to the Exercise Price which would be in effect, based on the number of Common Shares actually issued on the exercise of such rights.
 
In the event the Corporation at any time after the Record Time and prior to the Separation Time issues any Common Shares (or other securities exchangeable for or convertible into or giving a right to acquire Common Shares), each such Common Share shall automatically have one new Right associated with it, which Right shall be evidenced by the certificate representing such associated Common Share.
 
(b)  
If, after the Record Time and prior to the Separation Time, the Corporation shall issue any shares of capital stock other than Common Shares (or other securities exchangeable for or convertible into or giving a right to acquire shares of any such capital stock) in a transaction of a type described in Clause 2.3(a)(i) or (iv), the shares of such capital stock shall be treated herein as nearly equivalent to Common Shares to the extent practicable and appropriate under the
 
 
 

 
 
- 33 -
 
circumstances, as determined by the Board of Directors, and the shares purchasable upon exercise of Rights shall be adjusted as necessary such that the shares purchasable upon exercise of each Right after such adjustment will be the shares that a holder of the shares purchasable upon exercise of one Right immediately prior to such issuance would hold thereafter as a result of such issuance. Notwithstanding Section 5.5, the Corporation and the Rights Agent are authorized and agree to amend this Agreement in order to give effect to the foregoing.
 
(c)  
In the event that at any time after the Record Time and prior to the Expiration Time there shall occur:
 
(i)  
a reclassification or redesignation of the Common Shares or any change of the Common Shares into other shares (other than as the result of an event described in Subsection 2.3(a));
 
(ii)  
a consolidation, merger or amalgamation of the Corporation with or into another body corporate (other than a consolidation, merger or amalgamation which does not result in a reclassification of the Common Shares or a change of the Common Shares into other shares); or
 
(iii)  
the transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation to any other Person;
 
a holder of a Right shall thereafter be entitled to receive and shall accept upon exercise of such Right, in lieu of the number of Common Shares to which such holder was entitled to acquire upon such exercise, the kind and amount of shares and/or other securities or property which such holder would have been entitled to receive as a result of such occurrence if, on the effective date thereof, such holder had been the holder of the number of Common Shares to which such holder was then entitled upon exercise of such Right. The Corporation shall take all necessary steps so that holders of Rights shall thereafter be entitled to acquire such shares and/or other securities or property, subject to adjustment thereafter in accordance
 
 
 

 
 
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with provisions the same, as nearly as may be possible, as those contained in this Section 2.3.
 
(d)  
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no adjustment in the Exercise Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent in the Exercise Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Subsection 2.3(d) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 2.3 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a share. Any adjustment required by this Section 2.3 shall be made no later than the earlier of:
 
(i)  
three years from the date of the transaction which gives rise to such adjustment; and
 
(ii)  
the Expiration Time.
 
(e)  
Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Exercise Price or the number of Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to express the Exercise Price per Common Share and the number of Common Shares which were expressed in the initial Rights Certificates issued hereunder.
 
(f)  
In any case in which this Section 2.3 shall require that an adjustment in the Exercise Price be made effective as of a record date for a specified event, the Corporation may elect to defer until the occurrence of such event the issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the number of Common Shares and other securities of the Corporation, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the number of Common Shares and other securities of the Corporation, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Exercise Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Corporation shall deliver to such holder an appropriate instrument evidencing such holder’s right to
 
 
 

 
 
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receive such additional shares (fractional or otherwise) or other securities upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.
 
(g)  
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 2.3 to the contrary, the Corporation shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Exercise Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 2.3, as and to the extent that in their good faith judgment the Board of Directors shall determine to be advisable, in order that any:
 
(i) consolidation or subdivision of Common Shares;
 
(ii)  
issuance (wholly or in part for cash) of Common Shares or securities that by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares;
 
(iii) stock dividends; or
 
(iv)  
issuance of rights, options or warrants, hereafter made by the Corporation to holders of its Common Shares,
 
shall not be taxable to such shareholders.
 
(h)  
Whenever an adjustment to the Exercise Price or a change in the securities purchasable upon exercise of the Rights is made pursuant to this Section 2.3, the Corporation shall promptly and in any event, where such change or adjustment occurs prior to the Separation Time, not later than the Separation Time:
 
(i)  
file with the Rights Agent and with each transfer agent for the Common Shares a certificate specifying the particulars of such adjustment or change; and
 
(ii)  
cause notice of the particulars of such adjustment or change to be given to the holders of the Rights.
 
Failure to file such certificate or to cause such notice to be given as aforesaid, or any defect therein, shall not affect the validity of such adjustment or change.
 
 
 

 
 
- 36 -
 
(i)  
The Corporation covenants and agrees that, after the Separation Time, it will not, except as permitted by the provisions hereof, take (or permit any Subsidiary of the Corporation to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.
 
2.4 Date on Which Exercise Is Effective
 
Each Person in whose name any certificate for Common Shares or other securities, if applicable, is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the Common Shares or other securities, if applicable, represented thereon, and such certificate shall be dated the date upon which the Rights Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered in accordance with Subsection 2.2(d) (together with a duly completed Election to Exercise) and payment of the Exercise Price for such Rights (and any applicable transfer taxes and other governmental charges payable by the exercising holder hereunder) was made; provided, however, that if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Common Share transfer books of the Corporation are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Common Share transfer books of the Corporation are open.
 
2.5 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating of Rights Certificates
 
(a)  
The Rights Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Corporation by its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or any director under the corporate seal of the Corporation reproduced thereon. The signature of any of these individuals on the Rights Certificates may be manual or facsimile. Rights Certificates bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Corporation shall bind the Corporation, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices either before or after the countersignature and delivery of such Rights Certificates.
 
 
 

 
 
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(b)  
Promptly after the Corporation learns of the Separation Time, the Corporation will notify the Rights Agent of such Separation Time and will deliver Rights Certificates executed by the Corporation to the Rights Agent for countersignature and disclosure statements describing the Rights, and the Rights Agent shall manually countersign (in a manner satisfactory to the Corporation) and send such Rights Certificates to the holders of the Rights pursuant to Subsection 2.2(c) hereof. No Rights Certificate shall be valid for any purpose until countersigned by the Rights Agent as aforesaid.
 
(c)  
Each Rights Certificate shall be dated the date of countersignature thereof.
 
2.6 Registration, Transfer and Exchange
 
(a)  
After the Separation Time, the Corporation will cause to be kept a register (the “Rights Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Corporation will provide for the registration and transfer of Rights. The Rights Agent is hereby appointed registrar for the Rights (the “Rights Registrar”) for the purpose of maintaining the Rights Register for the Corporation and registering Rights and transfers of Rights as herein provided and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. In the event that the Rights Agent shall cease to be the Rights Registrar, the Rights Agent will have the right to examine the Rights Register at all reasonable times.
 
After the Separation Time and prior to the Expiration Time, upon surrender for registration of transfer or exchange of any Rights Certificate, and subject to the provisions of Subsection 2.6(c), the Corporation shall execute, and the Rights Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, in the name of the holder or the designated transferee or transferees, as required pursuant to the holder’s instructions, one or more new Rights Certificates evidencing the same aggregate number of Rights as did the Rights Certificates so surrendered.
 
(b)  
All Rights issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Rights Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Corporation, and such Rights
 
 
 

 
 
- 38 -
 
shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Agreement as the Rights surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
 
(c)  
Every Rights Certificate surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Corporation or the Rights Agent, as the case may be, duly executed by the holder thereof or such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing. As a condition to the issuance of any new Rights Certificate under this Section 2.6, the Corporation or the Rights Agent may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of the Rights Agent) connected therewith.
 
2.7 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Rights Certificates
 
(a)  
If any mutilated Rights Certificate is surrendered to the Rights Agent prior to the Expiration Time, the Corporation shall execute and the Rights Agent shall countersign and deliver in exchange therefor a new Rights Certificate evidencing the same number of Rights as did the Rights Certificate so surrendered.
 
(b)  
If there shall be delivered to the Corporation and the Rights Agent prior to the Expiration Time:
 
(i)  
evidence to their reasonable satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Rights Certificate; and
 
(ii)  
such security or indemnity as may be reasonably required by each of them in their sole discretion to save each of them and any of their agents harmless;
 
then, in the absence of notice to the Corporation or the Rights Agent that such Rights Certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Corporation shall execute and upon the Corporation’s request the Rights Agent shall countersign and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Rights
 
 
 

 
 
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Certificate, a new Rights Certificate evidencing the same number of Rights as did the Rights Certificate so destroyed, lost or stolen.
 
(c)  
As a condition to the issuance of any new Rights Certificate under this Section 2.7, the Corporation or the Rights Agent may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of the Rights Agent) connected therewith.
 
(d)  
Every new Rights Certificate issued pursuant to this Section 2.7 in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Rights Certificate shall evidence an original additional contractual obligation of the Corporation, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Rights Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately with any and all other Rights, duly issued hereunder.
 
2.8 Persons Deemed Owners of Rights
 
The Corporation, the Rights Agent and any agent of the Corporation or the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person, in whose name a Rights Certificate (or, prior to the Separation Time, the associated Common Share certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby for all purposes whatsoever. In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the term “holder” of any Right means the registered holder of such Right (or, prior to the Separation Time, the associated Common Share).
 
2.9 Delivery and Cancellation of Certificates
 
All Rights Certificates surrendered upon exercise or for redemption, registration of transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Rights Agent, be delivered to the Rights Agent and, in any case, shall be promptly cancelled by the Rights Agent. The Corporation may at any time deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation any Rights Certificates previously countersigned and delivered hereunder which the Corporation may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Rights Certificates so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the Rights Agent. No Rights Certificate shall be countersigned in lieu of or in exchange for any Rights
 
 
 

 
 
- 40 -
Certificates cancelled as provided in this Section 2.9, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement. The Rights Agent shall, subject to applicable laws, destroy all cancelled Rights Certificates and deliver a certificate of destruction to the Corporation on request.
 
2.10 Agreement of Rights Holders
 
Every holder of Rights, by accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Corporation and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of Rights that:
 
(a)  
such holder of Rights shall be bound by and subject to the provisions of this Agreement, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, in respect of all Rights held;
 
(b)  
prior to the Separation Time, each Right will be transferable only together with, and will be transferred by a transfer of, the associated Common Share certificate representing such Right;
 
(c)  
after the Separation Time, the Rights Certificates will be transferable only on the Rights Register as provided herein;
 
(d)  
prior to due presentment of a Rights Certificate (or, prior to the Separation Time, the associated Common Share certificate) for registration of transfer, the Corporation, the Rights Agent and any agent of the Corporation or the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name the Rights Certificate (or, prior to the Separation Time, the associated Common Share certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on such Rights Certificate or the associated Common Share certificate made by anyone other than the Corporation or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the Corporation nor the Rights Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary;
 
(e)  
such holder of Rights has waived his right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional shares or other securities upon exercise of a Right (except as provided herein);
 
 
 

 
 
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(f)  
subject to the provisions of Section 5.5, without the approval of any holder of Rights or Voting Shares and upon the sole authority of the Board of Directors, this Agreement may be supplemented or amended from time to time to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be inconsistent with the intent of this Agreement or is otherwise defective, as provided here; and
 
(g)  
notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Corporation nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of a Right or any other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree or ruling issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation.
 
2.11 Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder
 
No holder, as such, of any Rights or Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose whatsoever the holder of any Common Share or any other share or security of the Corporation which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Rights Certificate be construed or deemed or confer upon the holder of any Right or Rights Certificate, as such, any right, title, benefit or privilege of a holder of Common Shares or any other shares or securities of the Corporation or any right to vote at any meeting of shareholders of the Corporation whether for the election of directors or otherwise or upon any matter submitted to holders of Common Shares or any other shares of the Corporation at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any action of the Corporation, or to receive notice of any meeting or other action affecting any holder of Common Shares or any other shares of the Corporation except as expressly provided herein, or to receive dividends, distributions or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by Rights Certificates shall have been duly exercised in accordance with the terms and provisions hereof.
 
 
 

 
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ARTICLE 3 ADJUSTMENTS TO THE RIGHTS IN THE EVENT OF CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS 3.1 Flip-in Event
 
(a)  
Subject to Subsection 3.1(b) and Sections 5.1 and 5.2, in the event that prior to the Expiration Time a Flip-in Event shall occur, the Corporation shall take such action as shall be necessary to ensure and provide, within 10 Business Days thereafter or such longer period as may be required to satisfy the requirements of applicable securities laws or comparable legislation so that, except as provided below, each Right shall thereafter constitute the right to purchase from the Corporation, upon exercise thereof in accordance with the terms hereof, that number of Common Shares having an aggregate Market Price on the date of consummation or occurrence of such Flip-in Event equal to twice the Exercise Price for an amount in cash equal to the Exercise Price (such right to be appropriately adjusted in a manner analogous to the applicable adjustment provided for in Section 2.3 in the event that after such occurrence, an event of a type analogous to any of the events described in Section 2.3 shall have occurred).
 
(b)  
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, upon the occurrence of any Flip-in Event, any Rights that are or were Beneficially Owned on or after the earlier of the Separation Time or the Stock Acquisition Date by:
 
(i)  
an Acquiring Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or any Person acting jointly or in concert with an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person); or
 
(ii)  
a transferee of Rights, directly or indirectly, from an Acquiring Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or any Person acting jointly or in concert with an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person), where such transferee becomes a transferee concurrently with or subsequent to the Acquiring Person becoming such in a transfer that the Board of Directors has determined is
 
 
 

 
 
 
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part of a plan, understanding or scheme of an Acquiring Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or any Person acting jointly or in concert with an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person), that has the purpose or effect of avoiding this Clause 3.1(b),
 
shall become null and void without any further action, and any holder of such Rights (including transferees) shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights under any provision of this Agreement and further shall thereafter not have any other rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights, whether under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise.
 
(c)  
Any Rights Certificate that represents Rights Beneficially Owned by a Person described in either Clause 3.1(b)(i) or (ii) or transferred to any nominee of any such Person, and any Rights Certificate issued upon the transfer, exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Rights Certificate referred to in this sentence, shall contain the following legend:
 
“The Rights represented by this Rights Certificate were issued to a Person who was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or an Associate of an Acquiring Person or a Person who was acting jointly or in concert with an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement). This Rights Certificate and the Rights represented hereby are void or shall become void in the circumstances specified in Subsection 3.1(b) of the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement.”
 
provided, however, that the Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility to ascertain the existence of facts that would require the imposition of such legend but shall impose such legend only if instructed to do so by the Corporation in writing or if a holder fails to certify upon transfer or exchange in the space
 
 
 

 
 
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provided on the Rights Certificate that such holder is not a Person described in such legend.
 
3.2 Fiduciary Duties of the Board of Directors of the Corporation
 
Nothing contained herein shall be construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors shall not be entitled to recommend that holders of the Voting Shares reject or accept any Take-over Bid or take any other action including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution, defence or settlement of any litigation and the submission of additional or alternative Take-over Bids or other proposals to the shareholders of the Corporation with respect to any Take-over Bid or otherwise that the Board of Directors believes is necessary or appropriate in the exercise of its fiduciary duties.
 
ARTICLE 4 THE RIGHTS AGENT
 
4.1 General
 
(a)  
The Corporation hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Corporation and the holders of the Rights in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Corporation may from time to time appoint such co-Rights Agents (the “Co-Rights Agents”) as it may deem necessary or desirable. In the event the Corporation appoints one or more Co-Rights Agents, the respective duties of the Rights Agent and Co-Rights Agents shall be as the Corporation may determine. The Corporation agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) and other disbursements reasonably incurred in the execution and administration of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder, with the prior approval of the Corporation. The Corporation will fully indemnify and hold the Rights Agent, its officers, directors, employees and agents harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, costs, charges, counsel
 
 
 

 
 
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fees, payments, expenses and liabilities arising directly or indirectly out of its agency relationship to the Corporation as set forth in this Agreement (which right to indemnification will survive the termination of this Agreement or the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent) except for any liability arising out of the negligence, bad faith or intentional misconduct by the Rights Agent. In the absence of negligence, bad faith or intentional misconduct on its part, the Rights Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered, omitted by it or for any error of judgement made by it in good faith in the performance of its duties under this Agreement. In no event will the Rights Agent be liable for special, indirect, consequential or punitive loss or damages of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
 
(b)  
The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its administration of this Agreement in reliance upon any certificate for Common Shares, Rights Certificate, certificate for other securities of the Corporation, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons.
 
(c)  
The Corporation shall inform the Rights Agent in a reasonably timely manner of events which may materially affect the administration of this Agreement by the Rights Agent and, at any time upon request shall provide to the Rights Agent an incumbency certificate certifying the then current officers of the Corporation.
 
4.2 Merger, Amalgamation or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent
 
(a)  
Any corporation into which the Rights Agent may be merged or amalgamated or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, amalgamation, statutory arrangement or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent is a party, or any corporation succeeding to the
 
 
 

 
 
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shareholder or stockholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, will be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, provided that such corporation would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 4.4 hereof. In case, at the time such successor Rights Agent succeeds to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Rights Certificates have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Rights have not been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases such Rights Certificates will have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.
 
(b)  
In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent is changed and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.
 
4.3 Duties of Rights Agent
 
The Rights Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms and conditions, all of which the Corporation and the holders of certificates for Common Shares and the holders of Rights Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:
 
(a)  
the Rights Agent may retain and consult with legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Corporation) and the opinion of such counsel will be full and
 
 
 

 
 
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complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with such opinion; the Rights Agent may also, with the prior approval of the Corporation, consult with such other experts as the Rights Agent shall consider necessary or appropriate to properly carry out the duties and obligations imposed under this Agreement;
 
(b)  
whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Rights Agent deems it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Corporation prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by a Person believed by the Rights Agent to be the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or any director of the Corporation and delivered to the Rights Agent, and such certificate will be full authorization to the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate;
 
(c)  
the Rights Agent will be liable hereunder for its own negligence, bad faith or intentional misconduct;
 
(d)  
the Rights Agent will not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the certificates for Common Shares or the Rights Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same, but all such statements and recitals are and will be deemed to have been made by the Corporation only;
 
(e)  
the Rights Agent will not be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any certificate for a Common Share or Rights Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor will it be responsible for any breach by the Corporation of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Rights Certificate; nor will it be responsible for any change in the exercisability of
 
 
 

 
 
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the Rights (including the Rights becoming void pursuant to Subsection 3.1(b) hereof) or any adjustment required under the provisions of Section 2.3 hereof or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of Rights after receipt of the certificate contemplated by Section 2.3 describing any such adjustment); nor will it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization of any Common Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Rights or as to whether any Common Shares will, when issued, be duly and validly authorized, executed, issued and delivered and fully paid and non­assessable;
 
(f)  
the Corporation agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement;
 
(g)  
the Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions in writing with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from any individual believed by the Rights Agent to be the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or any director of the Corporation, and to apply to such individuals for advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and it shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such individual, it is understood that instructions to the Rights Agent shall, except where circumstances make it impracticable or the Rights Agent otherwise agrees, be given in writing and, where not in writing, such instructions shall be confirmed in writing as soon as reasonably possible after the giving of such instructions;
 
(h)  
the Rights Agent and any shareholder, director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in Common Shares, Rights or other securities of the
 
 
 

 
 
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Corporation or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Corporation may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Corporation or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Rights Agent under this Agreement;
 
(i)  
nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Corporation or for any other legal entity; and
 
(j) the Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent will not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Corporation resulting from any such act, default, neglect or misconduct, provided reasonable care was exercised in the selection and continued employment thereof.
 
4.4 Change of Rights Agent
 
The Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon 60 days’ notice (or such lesser notice as is acceptable to the Corporation) in writing mailed to the Corporation and to each transfer agent of Common Shares by registered or certified mail. The Corporation may remove the Rights Agent upon 30 days’ notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent and to each transfer agent of the Common Shares by registered or certified mail. If the Rights Agent should resign or be removed or otherwise become incapable of acting, the Corporation will appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. If the Corporation fails to make such appointment within a period of 30 days after such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent, then by prior written notice to the Corporation the resigning Rights Agent at the Corporation’s expense or the holder of any Rights (which holder shall, with such notice, submit such holder’s Rights Certificate, if any, for inspection by the Corporation), may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Corporation or by such a court, shall be a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada or a province thereof authorized to carry on the business of a trust company in
 
 
 

 
 
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the province of Ontario. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent will be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall, following payment of all outstanding fees and expenses owed to it under this Agreement, deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment, the Corporation will file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Shares and mail a notice thereof in writing to the holders of the Rights in accordance with Section 5.11. Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 4.4, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of any successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.
 
4.5 Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Legislation
 
The Rights Agent shall retain the right not to act and shall not be liable for refusing to act if, due to a lack of information or for any other reason whatsoever, the Rights Agent reasonably determines that such an act might cause it to be in non-compliance with any applicable anti­money laundering or anti-terrorist legislation, regulation or guideline. Further, should the Rights Agent reasonably determine at any time that its acting under this Agreement has resulted in it being in non-compliance with any applicable anti-money laundering or anti-terrorist legislation, regulation or guideline, then it shall have the right to resign on 10 days’ prior written notice to the Corporation, provided: (i) that the Rights Agent’s written notice shall describe the circumstances of such non-compliance; and (ii) that if such circumstances are rectified to the Rights Agent’s satisfaction within such 10 day period, then such resignation shall not be effective.
 
 
 

 
 
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ARTICLE 5 MISCELLANEOUS 5.1Redemption of Rights
 
(a)  
Until the occurrence of a Flip-in Event, as to which the application of Section 3.1 has not been waived pursuant to Section 5.2, the Board of Directors,
 
(i)  
may, at any time prior to Separation Time, subject to receipt of Shareholder Approval, or
 
(ii)  
may, at any time after the Separation Time, subject to receipt of the consent of holders of Rights given in accordance with Section 5.5,
 
elect to redeem all but not less than all of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.00001 per Right, appropriately adjusted in a manner analogous to the applicable adjustment provided for in Section 2.3, if an event of the type analogous to any of the events described in Section 2.3 shall have occurred (such redemption price being herein referred to as the “Redemption Price”).
 
(b)  
If a Person acquires, pursuant to a Permitted Bid or a Competing Permitted Bid or pursuant to an Exempt Acquisition occurring under Subsection 5.2(b) hereof, outstanding Voting Shares, the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall, immediately upon such acquisition and without further formality, be deemed to have elected to redeem the Rights at the Redemption Price.
 
(c)  
Where a Take-over Bid that is not a Permitted Bid or Competing Permitted Bid expires, is withdrawn or otherwise terminated after the Separation Time has occurred and prior to the occurrence of a Flip-in Event, the Board of Directors may elect to redeem all of the outstanding Rights at the Redemption Price.
 
(d)  
If the Board of Directors elects to or is deemed to have elected to redeem the Rights (i) the right to exercise the Rights will thereupon, without further action
 
 
 

 
 
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and without notice, terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price, and (ii) subject to Subsection 5.1(f), no further Rights shall thereafter be issued.
 
(e)  
Within 10 Business Days of the Board of Directors electing or having been deemed to have elected to redeem the Rights, the Corporation shall give notice of redemption to the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to each such holder at his last address as it appears upon the Rights Register of the Rights Agent, or, prior to the Separation Time, on the share register maintained by the Corporation’s transfer agent or transfer agents. Each such notice of redemption shall state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price shall be made.
 
(f)  
Upon the Rights being redeemed pursuant to Subsection 5.1(c), all the provisions of this Agreement shall continue to apply as if the Separation Time had not occurred and Rights Certificates representing the number of Rights held by each holder of record of Common Shares as of the Separation Time had not been mailed to each such holder and for all purposes of this Agreement, the Separation Time shall be deemed not to have occurred.
 
5.2 Waiver of Flip-In Events
 
(a)  
The Board of Directors, may, at any time prior to the occurrence of a Flip-in Event that would occur by reason of an acquisition of Voting Shares or Convertible Securities otherwise than pursuant to a Take-over Bid made by means of a take-over bid circular to all holders of Voting Shares or otherwise than in the circumstances set forth in Subsection 5.2(c) and subject to receipt of Shareholder Approval, waive the application of Section 3.1 to such Flip-in Event by written notice delivered to the Rights Agent. In the event the Board of Directors proposes such a waiver, the Board of Directors shall extend the Separation Time to a date subsequent to and not more than ten Business Days following the meeting of Shareholders called to approve such waiver.
 
 
 

 
 
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(b)  
The Board of Directors may, at any time prior to the occurrence of a Flip-in Event that would occur as a result of a Take-over Bid made by way of a take-over bid circular sent to all holders of Voting Shares, waive the application of Section 3.1 to such Flip-in Event by written notice delivered to the Rights Agent provided, however, that if the Board of Directors waives the application of Section 3.1 to such a Flip-in Event, the Board of Directors shall be deemed to have waived the application of Section 3.1 to any other Flip-in Event occurring by reason of any Take-over Bid that is made by means of a take-over bid circular to all holders of Voting Shares prior to the expiry of any Take-over Bid in respect of which a waiver is, or is deemed to have been, granted under this Subsection 5.2(b).
 
(c)  
The Board of Directors may waive the application of Section 3.1 in respect of the occurrence of any Flip-in Event if the Board of Directors has determined that a Person became an Acquiring Person by inadvertence and without any intention to become, or knowledge that it would become, an Acquiring Person under this Agreement and, in the event that such a waiver is granted by the Board of Directors, such Stock Acquisition Date shall be deemed not to have occurred. Any such waiver pursuant to this Subsection 5.2(c) must be on the condition that such Person, within 14 days after the foregoing determination by the Board of Directors or such earlier or later date as the Board of Directors may determine (the “Disposition Date”), has reduced its Beneficial Ownership of Voting Shares such that the Person is no longer an Acquiring Person. If the Person remains an Acquiring Person at the Close of Business on the Disposition Date, the Disposition Date shall be deemed to be the date of occurrence of a further Stock Acquisition Date and Section 3.1 shall apply thereto.
 
5.3 Expiration
 
No Person shall have any rights whatsoever pursuant to this Agreement or in respect of any Right after the Expiration Time, except the Rights Agent as specified in Subsection 4.1(a) of this Agreement.
 
 
 

 
 
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5.4 Issuance of New Rights Certificates
 
Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the Corporation may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board of Directors to reflect any adjustment or change in the number or kind or class of securities purchasable upon exercise of Rights made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
 
5.5 Supplements and Amendments
 
(a)  
The Corporation may, at any time without the approval of any holders of Rights or Shareholder Approval, make amendments to this Agreement to correct any clerical or typographical error or which are required to maintain the validity of this Agreement as a result of any change in any applicable legislation or regulations or rules thereunder. The Corporation may, prior to the date of the shareholders’ meeting referred to in Section 5.17, supplement, amend, vary, rescind or delete any of the provisions of this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Rights or Voting Shares where the Board of Directors acting in good faith deems such action necessary or desirable. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 5.5 to the contrary, no such supplement or amendment shall be made to the provisions of Article 4 except with the written concurrence of the Rights Agent to such supplement or amendment.
 
(b)  
Subject to Subsection 5.5(a), the Corporation may, with the prior consent of the holders of Voting Shares obtained as set forth below, at any time prior to the Separation Time, supplement, amend, vary, rescind or delete any of the provisions of this Agreement and the Rights (whether or not such action would materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights generally). Such consent shall be deemed to have been given if the action requiring such approval is authorized by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by Independent Shareholders present or represented at and entitled to be voted at a meeting of the holders of Voting Shares duly called and held in compliance with applicable laws and the articles of the Corporation.
 
 
 

 
 
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(c)  
The Corporation may, with the prior consent of the holders of Rights, at any time on or after the Separation Time, amend supplement, amend, vary, rescind or delete any of the provisions of this Agreement and the Rights (whether or not such action would materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights generally), provided that no such amendment, variation or deletion shall be made to the provisions of Article 4 except with the written concurrence of the Rights Agent thereto. Such consent shall be deemed to have been given if such amendment, variation or deletion is authorized by the affirmative votes of the holders of Rights present or represented at and entitled to be voted at a meeting of the holders and representing more than 50% of the votes cast in respect thereof.
 
(d)  
Any approval of the holders of Rights shall be deemed to have been given if the action requiring such approval is authorized by the affirmative votes of the holders of Rights present or represented at and entitled to be voted at a meeting of the holders of Rights and representing a majority of the votes cast in respect thereof. For the purposes hereof, each outstanding Right (other than Rights which are void pursuant to the provisions hereof) shall be entitled to one vote, and the procedures for the calling, holding and conduct of the meeting shall be those, as nearly as may be, which are provided in the Corporation’s articles and the Corporations Act with respect to meetings of shareholders of the Corporation.
 
(e)  
Any amendments made by the Corporation to this Agreement pursuant to Subsection 5.5(a) which are required to maintain the validity of this Agreement as a result of any change in any applicable legislation or regulation thereunder shall:
 
(i)  
if made before the Separation Time, be submitted to the shareholders of the Corporation at the next meeting of shareholders and the shareholders may, by the majority referred to in Subsection 5.5(b), confirm or reject such amendment; or
 
(ii)  
if made after the Separation Time, be submitted to the holders of Rights at a meeting to be called for on a date not later than immediately following the next meeting of shareholders of the Corporation and the holders of
 
 
 

 
 
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Rights may, by resolution passed by the majority referred to in Subsection 5.5(d), confirm or reject such amendment.
 
(f)  
The Corporation shall give notice in writing to the Rights Agent pursuant to Section 5.11 of any supplement, amendment, deletion, variation or rescission to this Agreement within five Business Days of the date of any such supplement, amendment, deletion, variation or rescission, provided that failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the validity of any such supplement, amendment, deletion, variation or rescission.
 
Any such amendment shall, unless the Board of Directors otherwise stipulates, be effective from the date of the resolution of the Board of Directors adopting such amendment, until it is confirmed or rejected or until it ceases to be effective (as described in the next sentence) and, where such amendment is confirmed, it continues in effect in the form so confirmed. If such amendment is rejected by the shareholders or the holders of Rights or is not submitted to the shareholders or holders of Rights as required, then such amendment shall cease to be effective from and after the termination of the meeting at which it was rejected or to which it should have been but was not submitted or from and after the date of the meeting of holders of Rights that should have been but was not held, and no subsequent resolution of the Board of Directors to amend this Agreement to substantially the same effect shall be effective until confirmed by the shareholders or holders of Rights, as the case may be.
 
5.6 Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares
 
(a)  
The Corporation shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Rights Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. After the Separation Time, in lieu of issuing fractional Rights, the Corporation shall pay to the holders of record of the Rights Certificates (provided the Rights represented by such Rights Certificates are not void pursuant to the provisions of Subsection 3.1(b), at the time such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable), an amount in cash equal to the fraction of the Market Price of one whole Right that the fraction of a Right that would otherwise be issuable is of one whole Right.
 
 
 

 
 
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(b)  
The Corporation shall not be required to issue fractions of Common Shares upon exercise of Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Common Shares. In lieu of issuing fractional Common Shares, the Corporation shall pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates, at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided, an amount in cash equal to the fraction of the Market Price of one Common Share that the fraction of a Common Share that would otherwise be issuable upon the exercise of such Right is of one whole Common Share at the date of such exercise.
 
(c)  
The Rights Agent shall have no obligation to make any payments in lieu of issuing fractions of Rights or Common Shares pursuant to paragraphs (a) or (b), respectively, unless and until the Corporation shall have provided to the Rights Agent the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuing such fractional Rights or Common Shares, as the case may be.
 
5.7 Rights of Action
 
Subject to the terms of this Agreement, all rights of action in respect of this Agreement, other than rights of action vested solely in the Rights Agent, are vested in the respective holders of the Rights. Any holder of Rights, without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Rights, may, on such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own benefit and the benefit of other holders of Rights, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Corporation to enforce such holder’s right to exercise such holder’s Rights, or Rights to which such holder is entitled, in the manner provided in such holder’s Rights and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement and will be entitled to specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual or threatened violations of the obligations of any Person subject to, this Agreement.
 
 
 

 
 
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5.8 Regulatory Approvals
 
Any obligation of the Corporation or action or event contemplated by this Agreement shall be subject to the receipt of any requisite approval or consent from any governmental or regulatory authority. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any issuance of or delivery of debt or equity securities (other than non-convertible debt securities) of the Corporation upon the exercise of Rights and any amendment or supplement to this Agreement shall be subject to the prior written consent of the Toronto Stock Exchange and any other exchange upon which the Common Shares may be listed.
 
5.9 Declaration as to Non-Canadian Holders
 
If in the opinion of the Board of Directors (who may rely upon the advice of counsel) any action or event contemplated by this Agreement would require compliance by the Corporation with the securities laws or comparable legislation of a jurisdiction outside Canada, the Board of Directors acting in good faith shall take such actions as it may deem appropriate to ensure such compliance. In no event shall the Corporation or the Rights Agent be required to issue or deliver Rights or securities issuable on exercise of Rights to Persons who are citizens, residents or nationals of any jurisdiction other than Canada, in which such issue or delivery would be unlawful without registration of the relevant Persons or securities for such purposes. If it would be necessary in any jurisdiction other than Canada to register any of the Rights or securities issuable on exercise of Rights prior to such issue or delivery, the Corporation will use its best efforts to establish procedures whereby shareholders entitled to such Rights, or holders of Rights entitled to securities upon the exercise of Rights, will have the ability to trade or exercise such Rights, or and be issued such securities, without the need to register those securities in the jurisdiction in which they reside, through the establishment of a trustee to hold and sell such securities in Canada, or such other mechanism as the Board of Directors believes is appropriate.
 
 
 

 
 
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5.10 Privacy Legislation
 
The parties acknowledge that federal and/or provincial legislation that addresses the protection of individual’s personal information (collectively, “Privacy Laws”) applies to obligations and activities under this Agreement. Despite any other provision of this Agreement, neither party will take or direct any action that would contravene, or cause the other to contravene, applicable Privacy Laws. The Corporation will, prior to transferring or causing to be transferred personal information to the Rights Agent, obtain and retain required consents of the relevant individuals to the collection, use and disclosure of their personal information, or will have determined that such consents either have previously been given upon which the parties can rely or are not required under the Privacy Laws. The Rights Agent will use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that its services hereunder comply with Privacy Laws.
 
5.11 Notices
 
(a)  
Notices or demands authorized or required by this Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights to or on the Corporation shall be sufficiently given or made if delivered, sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, or sent by facsimile or other form of recorded electronic communication, charges prepaid and confirmed in writing, as follows:
 
Caledonia Mining Corporation
Suite 4009 1 King Street West Toronto, Ontario M5H 1A1 N3H 4R76
 
Attention:                              Corporate Secretary
Facsimile No.: (416) 369-0449
 
 
 

 
 
- 60 -
with a copy to:
 
Borden Ladner Gervais LLP 40 King Street West Scotia Plaza Suite 4100 Toronto, Ontario M5H 3Y4
 
Attention:                           Paul A.D. Mingay
Facsimile No.: (416) 361-7098
 
Notices or demands authorized or required by this Agreement to be given or made by the Corporation or by the holder of any Rights to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if delivered, sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, or sent by facsimile or other form of recorded electronic communication, charges prepaid and confirmed in writing, as follows:
 
Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue 8th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
 
Attention:                           General Manager, Client Services
Facsimile No.: (416) 263-9800
 
(b)  
Notices or demands authorized or required by this Agreement to be given or made by the Corporation or the Rights Agent to or on the holder of any Rights shall be sufficiently given or made if delivered or sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as it appears upon the register of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Separation Time, on the register of the Corporation for the Common Shares. Any notice which is mailed or sent in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice.
 
(c)  
Any notice given or made in accordance with this Section 5.11 shall be deemed to have been given and to have been received on the day of delivery, if so delivered, on the third Business Day (excluding each day during which there exists any
 
 
 

 
 
- 61 -
 
general interruption of postal service due to strike, lockout or other cause) following the mailing thereof, if so mailed, and on the day of telegraphing, telecopying or sending of the same by other means of recorded electronic communication (provided such sending is during the normal business hours of the addressee on a Business Day and if not, on the first Business Day thereafter).
 
(d)  
If mail service is or is threatened to be interrupted at a time when the Corporation or the Rights Agent wishes to give a notice or demand hereunder to or on the holders of the Rights, the Corporation or the Rights Agent may, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.11, give such notice by means of publication once in each of two successive weeks in the business section of The Globe and Mail and notice so published shall be deemed to have been given on the date on which the first publication of such notice in any such publication has taken place.
 
(e)  
Each of the Corporation and the Rights Agent may from time to time change its address for notice under Subsection 5.11(a) by notice to the other given in the manner aforesaid.
 
5.12 Costs of Enforcement
 
The Corporation agrees that if the Corporation fails to fulfil any of its obligations pursuant to this Agreement, then the Corporation will reimburse the holder of any Rights for the costs and expenses (including legal fees) reasonably incurred by such holder to enforce his rights pursuant to any Rights or this Agreement.
 
5.13 Successors
 
All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Corporation or the Rights Agent shall bind and enure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.
 
 
 

 
 
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5.14 Benefits of this Agreement
 
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Corporation, the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; further, this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Corporation, the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights.
 
5.15 Governing Law
 
This Agreement and each Right issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the province of Ontario and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such province applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within such province.
 
5.16 Severability
 
If any term or provision hereof or the application thereof to any circumstance shall, in any jurisdiction and to any extent, be invalid or unenforceable, such term or provision shall be ineffective only as to such jurisdiction and to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability in such jurisdiction without invalidating or rendering unenforceable or ineffective the remaining terms and provisions hereof in such jurisdiction or the application of such term or provision in any other jurisdiction or to circumstances other than those as to which it is specifically held invalid or unenforceable.
 
5.17 Effective Date
 
This Agreement is effective and in full force and effect in accordance with its terms from and after, December 5, 2013 (the “Effective Date”). If this Agreement is not approved by resolution passed by a majority of greater than 50% of the votes cast by (i) Independent Shareholders, and
(ii) Independent Shareholders other than Grandfathered Persons, in each case present in person or voting by proxy at a meeting of those shareholders of the Corporation who vote in respect of such confirmation at a meeting to be held not later than six months from December 5, 2013, then this Agreement and all outstanding Rights shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect on and from the date that is the earlier of (a) the date of termination of the meeting called
 
 
 

 
 
- 63 -
 
to consider the confirmation of the Agreement, and (b) the Close of Business on the date that is 6 months from the Effective Date.
 
No person shall have any rights pursuant to this Agreement or in respect of any Rights after the Expiration Time, except the Rights Agent as specified in Subsection 4.1(a).
 
5.18 Reconfirmation
 
Notwithstanding the confirmation of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.17, this Agreement must be reconfirmed by a resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast by the Independent Shareholders in each case present in person or voting by proxy at a meeting of those shareholders of the Corporation who vote in respect of such reconfirmation at every third annual meeting following the meeting at which this Agreement is confirmed pursuant to Section 5.17. If the Agreement is not so reconfirmed or is not presented for reconfirmation at such annual meeting, the Agreement and all outstanding Rights shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect on and from the date of termination of the annual meeting; provided that termination shall not occur if a Flip-in Event has occurred (other than a Flip-in Event which has been waived pursuant to Subsection 5.2), prior to the date upon which this Agreement would otherwise terminate pursuant to this Section 5.18.
 
5.19 Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors
 
All actions, calculations and determinations (including all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which are done or made by the Board of Directors, in good faith, shall not subject the Board of Directors or any director of the Corporation to any liability whatsoever to the holders of the Rights.
 
5.20 Time of the Essence
Time shall be of the essence in this Agreement.
 
 
 

 
 
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5.21 Execution in Counterparts
 
This Agreement may be executed by facsimile and in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
 
By:                         “Steve Curtis ”                                                       
 
Name: Steve Curtis
 
Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
COMPUTERSHARE INVESTOR SERVICES INC.
 
By:                         “Florence Smith ”                                                       
 
Name: Florence Smith
 
Title: Professional Client Services
By:
“Graham Sheward”                                        
 
Name: Graham Sheward
 
Title: Professional Client Services
 
 
 

 
 
ATTACHMENT I
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT FORM OF RIGHTS CERTIFICATE
 
Certificate No.  ____________________________                                                Rights  ____________________________                                  
THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO TERMINATION ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES (SPECIFIED IN SUBSECTION 3.1(b) OF THE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN AGREEMENT), RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR CERTAIN RELATED PARTIES OR TRANSFEREES OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR CERTAIN RELATED PARTIES, MAY BECOME VOID.
 
Rights Certificate
 
This certifies that                                                                                                              is the registered holder of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles the registered holder thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2013, as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Shareholder Rights Agreement”), between Caledonia Mining Corporation, a corporation existing under the laws of Canada (the “Corporation”) and Computershare Investor Services Inc., a company existing under the laws of Canada (the “Rights Agent”) (which term shall include any successor Rights Agent under the Shareholder Rights Agreement), to purchase from the Corporation at any time after the Separation Time (as such term is defined in the Shareholder Rights Agreement) and prior to the Expiration Time (as such term is defined in the Shareholder Rights Agreement), one fully paid common share of the Corporation (a “Common Share”) at the Exercise Price referred to below, upon presentation and surrender of this Rights Certificate with the Form of Election to Exercise (in the form provided hereinafter) duly executed and submitted to the Rights Agent at its principal office in the City of Toronto, Ontario. The Exercise Price shall be an amount expressed in Canadian dollars equal to five times the
 
 
 

 
 
- 2 -
 
Market Price (as such term is defined in the Shareholder Rights Agreement) per Common Share at the Separation Time, subject to adjustment in certain events as provided in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
This Rights Certificate is subject to all of the terms and provisions of the Shareholder Rights Agreement, which terms and provisions are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which Shareholder Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Rights Agent, the Corporation and the holders of the Rights Certificates. Copies of the Shareholder Rights Agreement are on file at the registered office of the Corporation.
 
This Rights Certificate, with or without other Rights Certificates, upon surrender at any of the offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, may be exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing an aggregate number of Rights equal to the aggregate number of Rights evidenced by the Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates surrendered. If this Rights Certificate shall be exercised in part, the registered holder shall be entitled to receive, upon surrender hereof, another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised.
 
Subject to the provisions of the Shareholder Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate may be, and under certain circumstances are required to be, redeemed by the Corporation at a redemption price set out in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
No fractional Common Shares will be issued upon the exercise of any Rights evidenced hereby, but in lieu thereof a cash payment will be made, as provided in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
No holder of this Rights Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Common Shares or of any other securities which may at any time be issuable upon the exercise hereof; nor shall anything contained in the Shareholder Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Corporation or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to shareholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to
 
 
 

 
 
- 3 -
 
any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting shareholders (except as provided in the Shareholder Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate shall have been exercised as provided in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
This Rights Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.
 
WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Corporation and its corporate seal.
 
Date:                                                                               
 
CALEDONIA MINING CORPORATION
 
By:                                                                      
          
Authorized Signature Countersigned:
COMPUTERSHARE INVESTOR SERVICES INC.
 
By:                                                                                  
Authorized Signature
 
 
 

 
 
FORM OF ELECTION TO EXERCISE
(To be exercised by the registered holder if such holder desires to exercise the Rights represented by this Certificate.)
TO:                                                                    
 
AND TO: Computershare Investor Services Inc.
 
The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise                                                                                                                              whole Rights represented by the attached Rights Certificate to purchase the Common Shares or other securities, if applicable, issuable upon the exercise of such Rights and requests that certificates for such securities be issued in the name of:
 
(Name)
(Address)
(City and Province)
(Social Insurance Number or other taxpayer identification number)
 
If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate, a new Rights Certificate for the balance of such Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:
 
(Name)
 
(Address)
 
(City and Province)
 
(Social Insurance Number or other taxpayer identification number)
 
Dated:                                                                   Signature:
 
Signature Guaranteed:                                                          (Signature must correspond to name as written upon
the face of this Rights Certificate in every particular, without
alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.)
 
The signature(s) on this form must also be guaranteed by one of the following methods:
 
In Canada and the US: a Medallion Guarantee obtained from a member of an acceptable Medallion Guarantee Program
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
- 2 -
 
 
(STAMP,SEMP or MSP). Many banks, credit unions and broker dealers are members of a Medallion Guarantee Program. The guarantor must affix a stamp in the space above bearing the actual words “Medallion Guaranteed”.
In Canada: a Signature Guarantee obtained from a major Canadian Schedule I bank that is not a member of a Medallion Guarantee Program. The guarantor must affix a stamp in the space above bearing the actual words “Signature Guaranteed”.
 
Outside Canada and the US: holders must obtain a guarantee from a local financial institution that has a corresponding affiliate in Canada or the US that is a member of an acceptable Medallion Guarantee Program. The corresponding affiliate must over guarantee the guarantee provided by the local financial institution.
 
 
 

 
 
- 3 -
 
CERTIFICATE
 
(To be completed if true.)
 
The undersigned party exercising Rights hereunder hereby represents, for the benefit of all holders of Rights and Common Shares, that the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate are not, and, to the knowledge of the undersigned, have never been, Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof or a Person acting jointly or in concert with an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof. Capitalized terms shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
Signature
 
(please print name of signatory)
 
 
 

 
 
NOTICE
 
In the event the certification set forth above in the Form of Election to Exercise is not completed upon exercise of the Right(s) evidenced hereby, the Corporation will deem the Beneficial Owner of the Right(s) evidenced by this Rights Certificate to be an Acquiring Person (as defined in the Rights Agreement) and, accordingly, such Rights shall be null and void and not transferable or exercisable.
 
 
 
(To be attached to each Rights Certificate.)
 
 
 

 
 
 
FORM OF ASSIGNMENT
(To be executed by the registered holder if such holder desires to transfer the Rights represented by this Certificate.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED                                                                 hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto
 
(Please print name and address of transferee.)
 
the Rights represented by this Rights Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein,
and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint                                                                                                                              , as attorney, to
transfer the within Rights on the books of the Corporation, with full power of substitution.
 
Dated:                                                              Signature:                                                                          
 
Signature Guaranteed:                                                                       (Signature must correspond to name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.)
 
 
The signature(s) on this form must also be guaranteed by one of the following methods:
 
In Canada and the US: a Medallion Guarantee obtained from a member of an acceptable Medallion Guarantee Program (STAMP,SEMP or MSP). Many banks, credit unions and broker dealers are members of a Medallion Guarantee Program. The guarantor must affix a stamp in the space above bearing the actual words “Medallion Guaranteed”.
 
In Canada: a Signature Guarantee obtained from a major Canadian Schedule I bank that is not a member of a Medallion Guarantee Program. The guarantor must affix a stamp in the space above bearing the actual words “Signature Guaranteed”.
 
Outside Canada and the US: holders must obtain a guarantee from a local financial institution that has a corresponding affiliate in Canada or the US that is a member of an acceptable Medallion Guarantee Program. The corresponding affiliate must over guarantee the guarantee provided by the local financial institution.
 
CERTIFICATE
 
(To be completed if true.)
 
The undersigned party transferring Rights hereunder hereby represents, for the benefit of all holders of Rights and Common Shares, that the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate are not, and, to the knowledge of the undersigned, have never been, Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof or by any Person acting jointly or in
 
 
 

 
 
- 2 -
 
concert with an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate thereof. Capitalized terms shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Shareholder Rights Agreement.
 
Signature
 
(please print name of signatory)
 
(To be attached to each Rights Certificate.)
 
 
 
 

 
 
- 3 -
 
NOTICE
 
In the event the certification set forth above in the Form of Assignment is not completed, the Corporation will deem the Beneficial Owner of the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate to be an Acquiring Person (as defined in the Rights Agreement) and, accordingly, such Rights shall be null and void and not transferable or exercisable.
TOR01: 5399074: v2

 


 


 

Exhibit 15.4
 
Share Subscription Agreements – Blanket Mine
 


SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
between
 
NATIONAL INDIGENISATION ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT FUND
(The NIEEF is established by Section 12 of the Indigenisation Act and is administered by NIEEB, a body corporate established by Section 7 of the Act.)
("the Subscriber")
 
and
 
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 172/69)
("the Company" )
 
and
 
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 5/45)
("CHZ")
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 

CONTENTS


 

No
     Clause
                                                                             Page No
 
 
1
     DEFINITIONS
1
2
     BACKGROUND
2
3
     CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
2
4
     SUBSCRIPTION
3
5
     PRICE AND PAYMENT
3
6
     FUNDING
4
7
     DIRECTORS
5
8
     MANAGEMENT
6
9
     CONFIDENTIALITY
6
10
     SUPPORT
7
11
     DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
7
12
     BREACH AND TERMINATION
8
13
     ARBITRATION
9
14
     GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
10
15
     INTERPRETATION
11
16
     GENERAL
11
17
     COSTS
12
18
     WARRANTY
12
SCHEDULE 1
THE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT



 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
    1  DEFINITIONS
 
 
In this Agreement, unless the context indicates otherwise, the words and expressions set out below shall have the meaning assigned to them and cognate expressions shall have a corresponding meaning, namely:
 

1.1 
 
Agreement
means this subscription agreement and Schedule 1 hereto;
1.2 
 
Auditors
means the Company’s auditors as at the Signature Date or failing that, at the election of the board of directors of the Company, Deloitte, KPMG or Ernst & Young;
1.3 
 
Business Day
means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday in Zimbabwe;
1.4 
 
Closing Date
means the 5th (fifth) Business Day after the fulfilment of the suspensive conditions in clause 3;
1.5 
 
Directors
means the directors of the Company from time to time appointed in accordance with clause 7;
1.6 
 
Indigenisation
means the process and objectives contemplated in the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
1.7 
 
Indigenisation Act
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act [Chapter 14.33];
1.8 
 
Interest
means interest calculated monthly in arrears at  10 (ten) percentage points above the 12 (twelve) month London InterBank Offered Rate published by Thomson Reuters from time to time;
1.9 
 
Loan Account
means the loan account to be opened in the Subscriber's name in the books of the Company;
1.10 
 
MOU
means the memorandum of understanding concluded by Caledonia Mining Corporation, CHZ, the Company, and the Minister of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe on 20 February 2012;
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
1.11 
 
Parties
means CHZ, the Company, and the Subscriber and "Party" means any one of them, as the context may indicate;
1.12 
 
Regulations
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment (General) Regulations, 2010;
1.13 
 
Signature Date
means the date of signature of this Agreement by the Party last in time to do so;
1.14 
 
Subscription Price
means the subscription price for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 5.1; and
1.15 
 
Subscription Shares
means 6,848,000 (six million eight hundred and forty eight thousand) “A” class shares representing 16% (sixteen percent) of the issued share capital of the Company after the implementation of the transactions envisaged in the MOU.
 
 
 
    2  BACKGROUND
 
 
 
2.1  
CHZ and the Company have agreed to the Indigenisation of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the MOU.
 
2.2  
In terms of the MOU, the Company is required to issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber.
 
2.3  
The Parties wish to record the terms on which the Subscriber will subscribe for the Subscription Shares.
 
 
 
    3   CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
3.1  
The implementation of this Agreement is, save for the provisions of clauses 1, 3 and 9 to 18, inclusive, which will be of immediate force and effect, subject to:
 
3.1.1  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation from the Ministry of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe that the implementation of this Agreement and the other transactions envisaged in the MOU constitutes compliance by CHZ and the Company with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
 
3.1.2  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of the approvals, to the extent certified in writing by the Auditors to be required by law, by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe of the transactions contemplated in the MOU and any related transactions and/or corporate re-organisation required to give effect to the Indigenisation by CHZ of the Company; and
 
 
 
2

 
 
 
3.1.3  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation of the unconditional withdrawal by the Zimbabwe Ministry of Mines and Mining Development of the letter sent by it to the Company dated 13 December 2011 requiring the Company to reach agreement with the Zimbabwean Mining Development Corporation regarding the Indigenisation of the Company.
 
3.2  
The Parties shall use all commercially reasonable endeavours to procure the fulfilment of the conditions precedent stipulated in clause 3.1.
 
3.3  
The conditions in clause 3.1 above are stipulated for the benefit of CHZ and CHZ may waive any one or all of those conditions by way of written notice to the Subscriber.
 
3.4  
In the event of the conditions stipulated in clause 3.1 not being fulfilled or waived on or before 30 September 2012, or on or before such later date as CHZ and the Company may agree upon in writing, this Agreement shall lapse and shall be of no further force or effect and no Party shall have any claim against the other Parties arising from the provisions of this Agreement or the termination thereof.
 
 
   4  SUBSCRIPTION
 
4.1  
The Subscriber hereby subscribes for the Subscription Shares.
 
4.2  
The Company hereby accepts the subscription for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 4.1, and undertakes to allot and issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber on the Closing Date.
 
 
   5  PRICE AND PAYMENT
 
5.1  
The Subscription Price for the Subscription Shares shall be the sum of US$ 11,742,439.02 (eleven million seven hundred and forty two thousand four hundred and thirty nine US Dollars and two cents), which amount shall be debited to the Loan Account which shall:
 
 
 
3

 
 
5.1.1  
bear compound Interest from the Closing Date to the date of repayment, both dates inclusive; and
 
5.1.2  
be paid in instalments on the date of payment of dividends by the Company from time to time, in an amount equal to 80% (eighty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber, after deduction of withholding or any other taxes, in respect of the Subscription Shares. Each such payment shall be credited to the Loan Account in part settlement of Interest in the first instance and thereafter in settlement of capital owing in respect of the Subscription Price.  Such payments shall cease once the Loan Account has been settled.
 
5.2  
The remaining 20% (twenty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber shall be paid by the Company to the Subscriber after deduction of any Zimbabwean withholding or other tax or levies that may be applicable on the full amount of dividends declared by the Company.
 
5.3  
The Subscriber hereby irrevocably authorises the Company to apply dividends declared and becoming due for payment to the Subscriber, in the manner set out in clause 5.1.2.
 
5.4  
The Subscriber shall be entitled to transfer the Subscription Shares to any party provided that:
 
5.4.1  
the Company shall not register the transfer of the Subscription Shares unless the transferee acknowledges in writing to the Company that those shares are subject to the dividend rights in clause 5.1.2; and
 
5.4.2  
any transfer of the Subscription Shares will not result in non-compliance by CHZ or the Company with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations.
 
5.5  
The amount due in respect of the Subscription Price and Interest shall be payable free of any deduction or set off and any taxes that may be levied thereon, which shall be for the account of the Subscriber.
 
 
   6  FUNDING
 
6.1  
If the Directors should at any time resolve to call on the shareholders of the Company to advance capital to the Company, either by way of share capital or loans, the Subscriber shall advance such capital pro rata to its shareholding in the Company at the date on which the Directors determine that the capital is required.
 
 
4

 
6.1.1  
If the Subscriber is unable or unwilling to provide the capital required in terms of clause 6.1, then it shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 30 (thirty) days of the date on which it is advised in writing (“the Finance Date”) by the Company that capital is required from it.
 
6.1.2  
If the Company should receive a notice contemplated in clause 6.1.1, or if the Subscriber should fail to give a notice as contemplated in clause 6.1.1 and should fail to comply with its obligation to advance capital to the Company in terms of this clause 6.1 within 90 (ninety) days from the Finance Date, and if CHZ is prepared to provide the amount of the finance which the Subscriber was required to advance to the Company, then CHZ shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 10 (ten) Business Days of receipt of the notice referred to in clause 6.1.1, or of failure by the Subscriber to advance capital as required in terms of this clause 6.1.
 
6.2  
If the Subscriber is called upon to advance an amount to the Company in terms of clause 6.1 above, and if the Subscriber has declined or, as the case may be, failed to comply with such request in accordance with the provisions of clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, then, if it shall have exercised the right to advance to the Company the amount which the Subscriber has declined to advance, CHZ shall have the right, to call upon the Subscriber to sell to it such number of shares at par as shall, after transfer thereof into the name of CHZ, result in CHZ holding such percentage of the issued voting capital of the Company as shall be equal to the percentage which the aggregate of loan capital and share capital contributed by CHZ to the Company constitutes of the total capital contributed by all shareholders by way of share capital and loan capital.
 
 
   7  DIRECTORS
 
7.1  
The board of Directors shall be comprised of a minimum of 8 (eight) Directors.
 
7.2  
The Parties agree that:
 
7.2.1  
the Subscriber shall be entitled to appoint 1 (one) Director who shall be acceptable to the majority of the board of directors of the Company whose acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld; and
 
7.2.2  
CHZ shall be entitled to appoint 4 (four) Directors.
 
7.3  
The Subscriber and CHZ shall have the right, from time to time, by notice in writing to the Company, to remove a Director nominated by it in terms of clause 7.1 as a Director and to nominate, in accordance with clause 7.2 another person in the place of the Director so removed.
 
 
 
5

 
   8  MANAGEMENT
 
The management of the Company shall continue to be undertaken by Greenstone Management Services (Proprietary) Limited ("Greenstone") in terms of the existing management agreement between Greenstone and the Company on at least identical terms and conditions as set out in Schedule 1 hereto.
 
 
   9  CONFIDENTIALITY
 
9.1  
All communications between the Parties and all information and other materials supplied to or received by a Party from any of the other Parties which relates in any way to this Agreement and to the Company shall be kept confidential by the Parties unless or until the relevant Party can reasonably demonstrate that:
 
9.1.1  
any such communication, information or material is, or part of it is, in the public domain through no fault of its own; or
 
9.1.2  
any such communication, information or material has been lawfully obtained from any third party; or
 
9.1.3  
the information is already lawfully known to the relevant Party at the time  that Party receives such information; or
 
9.1.4  
the relevant Party is obliged by law to disclose such information,
 
whereupon this obligation in respect of that information shall cease.
 
9.2  
The Parties shall use their best endeavours to procure the observance of these restrictions and shall take all reasonable steps to minimise the risk of disclosure of confidential information by ensuring that only they themselves and such of their employees, agents or consultants whose duties will require them to possess any of such information shall have access to such information, and will be instructed to treat the same as confidential.
 
9.3  
The obligation contained in this clause 9 shall endure, even after the termination of this Agreement, without limit in point of time, except and until such confidential information falls within any of the provisions of clauses 9.1.1 to 9.1.4, and shall be subject to the Company's confidentiality regime at the Signature Date.
 
 
6

 
 
   10SUPPORT
 
 
The Parties undertake at all times to do all such things, perform all such actions and take such steps (including in particular the exercise of their voting rights in the Company) and to procure the doing of all such things, the performance of all such actions and taking of all such steps as may be open to them and necessary for or incidental to the putting into effect the provisions of this Agreement.
 
 
   11  DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
 
11.1  
Each Party chooses the address set out opposite its name below as its domicilium citandi et executandi at which all notices, legal processes and other communications must be delivered for the purposes of this Agreement:
 
11.1.1  
the Subscriber
12th Floor, Social Security Centre
cnr Sam Nujoma Street & Julius Nyerere Way
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: +263 4 750 139
Email: chapfikadvd@yahoo.co.uk,
wgwatiringa@nieeb.co.zw and
endhlovu@nieeb.co.zw
 
[For attention: Mr David Chapfika – Chairman
NIEEB and Mr Wilson Gwatiringa – Chief Executive
Officer [NIEEB]


 
11.1.2  
the Company
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
Eastgate
3rd Street and R. Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: 263 284 23193
Email: CMangezi@blanketmine.com
[For attention: Mr. Caxton Mangezi]
 
 
11.1.3  
 CHZ
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
Eastgate
3rd Street and R Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe

Fax: +27 11 447 2554
Email: SCurtis@greenstone.co.za
[For attention: Mr. Steve Curtis]
 
 
7

 
11.2  
Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given in terms of this Agreement shall be valid and effective only if in writing, and delivered by hand or sent or transmitted by registered post, telefax or by email.
 
11.3  
Each Party may by written notice to the other Parties change its chosen address and/or its chosen telefax number and/or its email address to another physical address, telefax number or email, provided that the change shall become effective on the fourteenth day after the receipt of the notice by the addressee.
 
11.4  
Any notice to a Party:
 
11.4.1  
sent by prepaid registered post to it at its chosen address;
 
11.4.2  
delivered by hand to a responsible person during ordinary business hours at its chosen address;
 
11.4.3  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by facsimile to its chosen telefax number; or
 
11.4.4  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by email to its chosen email address,
 
 
unless the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to have been received, in the case of clause 11.4.1, on the 7th (seventh) Business Day after posting and, in the case of clauses 11.4.2, 11.4.3 and 11.4.4, on the day of delivery or transmission as the case may be.
 
 
   12BREACH AND TERMINATION
 
12.1  
Should a Party (“the Defaulting Party”) commit a breach of any provision of this Agreement and fail to remedy such breach within 14 (fourteen) days from the date of written notice from any other Party to this Agreement (“the Aggrieved Party”) calling upon it to do so, the Aggrieved Party shall have the right, without prejudice to any other rights available in law, either:
 
12.1.1  
if the breach complained of can be fully remedied by the payment of money, to take whatever action may be necessary to obtain payment of the amounts required by the Aggrieved Party to remedy such breach; or
 
 
8

 
12.1.2  
if the breach complained of cannot be fully remedied by the payment of money, or, alternatively, if it can be so remedied and payment of any amounts claimed by the Aggrieved Party in terms of clause 12.1.1 is not made to the Aggrieved Party within 7 (seven) days of the date of determination through arbitration or legal process of the amount legally payable, to take whatever action may be necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to terminate this Agreement,
 
 
and in either event to claim such damages as it may have suffered as a result of such breach of contract.
 
12.2  
The Defaulting Party shall be liable for all costs and expenses (calculated on an attorney and own client scale) incurred as a result of or in connection with the default.
 
12.3  
Without limiting the generality of this clause 12, if at any time it is or becomes unlawful for the Company to perform or comply with any or all of its obligations under this Agreement or any of its obligations under this Agreement are not or cease to be legal, valid, binding and enforceable, the Company shall be entitled, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, by written notice to the Subscriber, to claim immediate payment of the balance of the Subscription Price and all Interest accrued in terms thereof regardless of whether or not such amounts are then otherwise due and payable.
 
12.4  
Should the Company terminate this Agreement in the circumstances contemplated in this clause 12, the Company shall have the right, exercisable by written notice given to the Subscriber to purchase from the Subscriber all of the Subscription Shares at a value determined by the Auditors less any amounts owed by the Subscriber to the Company in terms of clause 5.1.
 
 
   13  ARBITRATION
 
13.1  
Any dispute arising out of this Agreement or the interpretation thereof, both while in force and after its termination, shall be submitted to and determined by arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 6 of 1996, (for the purpose of this clause 13, ("the Act").  Such arbitration shall be held in Harare unless otherwise agreed and shall be held in a summary manner with a view to it being completed as soon as possible.
 
13.2  
There shall be one arbitrator, who shall be, if the question in issue is:
 
 
9

 
13.2.1  
primarily an accounting matter, an independent chartered accountant of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing;
 
13.2.2  
primarily a legal matter, a practising Senior Counsel or commercial attorney of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing; and
 
13.2.3  
any other matter, a suitably qualified independent person.
 
13.3  
The appointment of the arbitrator shall be agreed upon between the Parties, but failing agreement between them within a period of 14 (fourteen) days after the arbitration has been demanded by a Party by notice in writing to the others, a Party shall be entitled to request the Commercial Arbitration Centre in Harare to make the appointment.
 
13.4  
The arbitrator shall have the powers conferred upon an arbitrator under the Act.
 
13.5  
A Party shall have the right to appeal against the decision of the arbitrator in accordance with the Act.  The decision resulting from such appeal shall be final and binding on the Parties, and may be made an order of any court of competent jurisdiction.  The Parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare should a Party wish to make the arbitrator's decision an order of Court.
 
13.6  
The fact that any dispute has been referred to or is the subject of arbitration in terms of this clause 13, as well as any information submitted or furnished to the arbitrators or in any other manner forming part of the record of any arbitration proceedings, shall be kept confidential by the parties to such arbitration proceedings, and the parties to such proceedings shall use their reasonable endeavours to procure that all their employees, agents or advisers who are involved in or who obtain knowledge of any confidential information disclosed during such proceedings, shall be made aware of, and shall undertake in writing to be bound by, and to comply with, the provisions of this clause 13.
 
   14  GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
 
14.1  
The interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the law of Zimbabwe in all respects.
 
14.2  
Any Party shall be entitled to institute all or any proceedings against any of the other Parties in connection with this Agreement in the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare.
 
 
 
10

 
   15  INTERPRETATION
 
15.1  
In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise:
 
15.1.1  
words importing any one gender shall include the other 2 (two) genders;
 
15.1.2  
the singular shall include the plural and vice versa; and
 
15.1.3  
a reference to natural persons shall include created entities (corporate or unincorporated) and vice versa.
 
15.2  
In this Agreement, the headings have been inserted for convenience only and shall not be used for nor assist or affect its interpretation.
 
15.3  
If anything in a definition is a substantive provision conferring rights or imposing obligations on anyone, effect shall be given to it as if it were a substantive provision in the body of this Agreement.
 
 
   16  GENERAL
 
16.1  
This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the Parties as to the subject matter hereof.
 
16.2  
No Party shall have any claim or right of action arising from any undertaking, representation or warranty not included in this Agreement.
 
16.3  
No failure by a Party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of such provision or affect in any way that Party’s right to require performance of any such provision at any time in the future, nor shall the waiver of any subsequent breach nullify the effectiveness of the provision itself.
 
16.4  
No agreement to vary, add to, or cancel this Agreement shall be of any force or effect unless reduced to writing and signed on behalf of all of the Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.5  
No Party may cede any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.6  
This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, in which event the originals together will constitute the entire agreement between the Parties.
 
 
11

 
 
   17  COSTS
 
 
Each Party shall bear its own costs to be incurred in connection with the drafting and negotiation of this Agreement.
 
 
   18  WARRANTY
 
The Company and CHZ warrant that the shareholder of the Company does not at the Signature Date have any liability for the unlawful conduct of the business and affairs of the Company.
 
  SIGNED at Johannesburg on 12 June 2012

For and on behalf of:
NATIONAL INDIGENISATION ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT FUND
 
 
 
______________________________
Signatory: D. Chapfika
Capacity: Chairman NIEEB
Authority: Board Resolution

 
 
Witness:
 
 
______________________________
Name:
 

 

  SIGNED at Johannesburg on 12 June 2012

For:
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED
 
____________________________________
Signatory: S.R. Curtis
Capacity:  Director
Authority:  Board Resolution

 
 
Witness:
 
 
______________________________
Name:
 

 

 
 
12

 
 
SIGNED at Johannesburg on 12 June 2012

For:
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED
 
 
_________________________________
Signatory: S.E. Hayden
Capacity:  Director
Authority:  Board Resolution


 
 
Witness:
 
 
______________________________
Name:
 

 


 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE 1

MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14
 

 


SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
between
 
FREMIRO INVESTMENTS (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 5560/2011)
("the Subscriber")
 
and
 
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 172/69)
("the Company" )
 
and
 
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 5/45)
("CHZ")

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
CONTENTS


No           Clause Page No


No
     Clause
                                       Page No
 
 
1
     DEFINITIONS
1
2
     BACKGROUND
2
3
     CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
2
4
     SUBSCRIPTION
3
5
     PRICE AND PAYMENT
3
6
     FUNDING
4
7
     DIRECTORS
5
8
     MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
5
9
     CONFIDENTIALITY
6
10
     SUPPORT
6
11
     DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
7
12
     BREACH AND TERMINATION
8
13
     ARBITRATION
9
14
     GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
10
15
     INTERPRETATION
10
16
     GENERAL
11
17
     COSTS
11
18
     WARRANTY
 12



 
 
 


    1  DEFINITIONS
 
 
In this Agreement, unless the context indicates otherwise, the words and expressions set out below shall have the meaning assigned to them and cognate expressions shall have a corresponding meaning, namely:
 
1.1 
 
Agreement
means this subscription agreement;
1.2 
 
Auditors
means the Company’s auditors as at the Signature Date or failing that, at the election of the board of directors of the Company, Deloitte, KPMG or Ernst & Young;
1.3 
 
Business Day
means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday in Zimbabwe;
1.4 
 
Closing Date
means the 5th (fifth) Business Day after the fulfilment of the suspensive conditions in clause 3;
1.5 
 
Directors
means the directors of the Company from time to time appointed in accordance with clause 7;
1.6 
 
Indigenisation
means the process and objectives contemplated in the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
1.7 
 
Indigenisation Act
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act [Chapter 14.33];
1.8 
 
Interest
means interest calculated monthly in arrears at 10 (ten) percentage points above the 12 month LIBOR base rate published by REUTERS  from time to time;
1.9 
 
Loan Account
means the loan account to be opened in the Subscriber's name in the books of the Company;
1.10 
 
MOU
means the memorandum of understanding concluded and signed by Caledonia Mining Corporation, CHZ, the Company, and the Minister of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe on 20 February 2012;
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
1.11 
 
Parties
means CHZ, the Company, and the Subscriber and "Party" means any one of them, as the context may indicate;
1.12 
 
Regulations
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment (General) Regulations, 2010;
1.13 
 
Signature Date
means the date of signature of this Agreement by the Party last in time to do so;
1.14 
 
Subscription Price
means the subscription price for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 5.1; and
1.15 
 
Subscription Shares
means 6,420,000 (six million four hundred and twenty thousand) “A” class shares representing 15% (fifteen per cent) of the issued share capital of the Company after the implementation of the transactions envisaged in the MOU which will total 42,800,000 shares.
 
   2  BACKGROUND
 
2.1  
CHZ and the Company have agreed to the Indigenisation of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the MOU.
 
2.2  
In terms of the MOU, the Company and the Subscriber are required to conclude an agreement in terms of which the Subscriber will subscribe for the Subscription Shares.
 
2.3  
The Parties wish to record the terms on which the Subscriber will subscribe for the Subscription Shares.
 
 
    3  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
3.1  
The implementation of this Agreement is, save for the provisions of clauses 1,  6.2 to 17, inclusive, which will be of immediate force and effect, subject to:
 
3.1.1  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation from the Ministry of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe that the implementation of this Agreement constitutes compliance by CHZ and the Company with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
 
 
2

 
3.1.2  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of the approvals, to the extent certified in writing by the Auditors to be required by law, by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe of the transactions contemplated in the MOU and any related transactions and/or corporate re-organisation required to give effect to the Indigenisation by CHZ of the Company; and
 
3.1.3  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation of the unconditional withdrawal by the Zimbabwean Ministry of Mines and Mining Development of the letter sent by it to the Company dated 13 December 2011 requiring the Company to reach agreement with the Zimbabwean Mining Development Corporation regarding the Indigenisation of the Company.
 
3.2  
The Parties shall use all commercially reasonable endeavours to procure the fulfilment of the conditions precedent stipulated in clause 3.1.
 
3.3  
In the event that CHZ is unable to obtain the confirmation stipulated in 3.1 on or before 30 September 2012, CHZ may at its sole discretion, renegotiate the terms of this agreement.
 
 
   4  SUBSCRIPTION
 
4.1  
The Subscriber hereby subscribes for the Subscription Shares.
 
4.2  
The Company hereby accepts the subscription for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 4.1, and undertakes to allot and issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber on the Closing Date.
 
 
   5PRICE AND PAYMENT
 
5.1  
The Subscription Price for the Subscription Shares shall be the sum of US$ 11,008,536 (eleven million and eight thousand five hundred and thirty six dollars ), which amount shall be debited to the Loan Account which Loan Account shall:
 
5.1.1  
bear compound Interest from the Closing Date to the date of repayment, both dates inclusive; and
 
5.1.2  
be paid in instalments on the date of payment of dividends by the Company from time to time, in an amount equal to 80% (eighty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber, after deduction of withholding or any other taxes, in respect of the Subscription Shares. Each such payment shall be credited to the Loan Account in part settlement of Interest in the first instance and thereafter in settlement of capital owing in respect of the Subscription Price. Such payments shall cease once the full loan amount has been settled.
 
 
3

 
5.2  
The remaining 20% (twenty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber shall be paid by the Company to the Subscriber after deduction of any Zimbabwean withholding or other tax or levies that may be applicable on these dividends declared.
 
5.3  
The Subscriber hereby irrevocably authorises the Company to apply dividends declared and becoming due for payment to the Subscriber, in the manner set out in clause 5.1.2.
 
5.4  
For as long as any amounts are owed to the Company by the Subscriber in respect of the Subscription Price in terms of clause 5.1 the Subscriber may not, without prior written consent of CHZ, cede any right, title or interest in, pledge, or otherwise encumber any Subscription Share.
 
5.5  
The amount due in respect of the Subscription Price and Interest shall be payable free of any deduction or set off and any taxes that may be levied thereon, which shall be for the account of the Subscriber.
 
 
   6  FUNDING
 
6.1  
If the Directors should at any time resolve to call on the shareholders of the Company to advance capital to the Company, either by way of share capital or loans, the Subscriber shall advance such capital pro rata to its shareholding in the Company at the date on which the Directors determine that the capital is required.
 
6.1.1  
If the Subscriber is unable or unwilling to provide the capital required in terms of clause 6.1, then it shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 30 (thirty) days of the date on which it is advised in writing (“the Finance Date”) by the Company that capital is required from it.
 
6.1.2  
If the Company should receive a notice contemplated in clause 6.1.1, or if the Subscriber should fail to give a notice as contemplated in clause 6.1.1 and should fail to comply with its obligation to advance capital to the Company in terms of this clause 6.1 within 90 (ninety) days from the Finance Date, and if CHZ is prepared to provide the amount of the finance which the Subscriber was required to advance to the Company, then CHZ shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 10 (ten) Business Days of receipt of the notice referred to in clause 6.1.1, or of failure by the Subscriber to advance capital as required in terms of this clause 6.1.
 
 
4

 
6.2  
If the Subscriber is called upon to advance an amount to the Company in terms of clause 6.1 above, and if the Subscriber has declined or, as the case may be, failed to comply with such request in accordance with the provisions of clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, then, if it shall have exercised the right to advance to the Company the amount which the Subscriber has declined to advance, CHZ shall have the right to call upon the Subscriber to sell to CHZ such number of shares at par as shall, after transfer thereof into the name of CHZ, result in CHZ holding such percentage of the issued voting capital of the Company as shall be equal to the percentage which the aggregate of loan capital and share capital contributed by CHZ to the Company constitutes of the total capital contributed by all shareholders by way of share capital and loan capital
 
 
   7  DIRECTORS
 
7.1  
The board of Directors shall be comprised of a minimum of 8 (eight) Directors.
 
7.2  
The Parties agree that:
 
7.2.1  
the Subscriber shall be entitled to appoint 1 (one) Director who shall be acceptable to the majority of the Board of Directors of the Company whose acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld; and
 
7.2.2  
CHZ shall be entitled to appoint 4 (four) Directors.
 
7.3  
The Subscriber and CHZ shall have the right, from time to time, by notice in writing to the Company, to remove a Director nominated by it in terms of clause 7.1 as a Director and to nominate, in accordance with clause 7.2 another person in the place of the Director so removed.
 
 
   8  MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
 
For as long as any amounts are owed to the Company by the Subscriber on the Loan Account, the management of the Company shall continue to be undertaken by Greenstone Management Services (“Greenstone”) in terms of the existing management agreement between Greenstone and the Company on   identical terms and conditions. The Parties undertake to vote in favour of all resolutions necessary to give effect to this clause 8 , failing which the vendor funding shall immediately be withdrawn and, the Subscriber asked to settle the outstanding balance in cash within 90 days of such notice, failing which the outstanding principal amount and interest shall automatically be converted into equivalent A shares and issued to CHZ.
 
 
 
5

 
   9CONFIDENTIALITY
 
9.1  
All communications between the Parties and all information and other materials supplied to or received by a Party from any of the other Parties which relates in any way to this Agreement and to the Company shall be kept confidential by the Parties unless or until the relevant Party can reasonably demonstrate that:
 
9.1.1  
any such communication, information or material is, or part of it is, in the public domain through no fault of its own; or
 
9.1.2  
any such communication, information or material has been lawfully obtained from any third party; or
 
9.1.3  
the information is already lawfully known to the relevant Party at the time  that Party receives such information; or
 
9.1.4  
the relevant Party is obliged by law to disclose such information,
 
whereupon this obligation in respect of that information shall cease.
 
9.2  
The Parties shall use their best endeavours to procure the observance of these restrictions and shall take all reasonable steps to minimise the risk of disclosure of confidential information by ensuring that only they themselves and such of their employees, agents or consultants whose duties will require them to possess any of such information shall have access to such information, and will be instructed to treat the same as confidential.
 
9.3  
The obligation contained in clause 9.2 shall endure, even after the termination of this Agreement, without limit in point of time, except and until such confidential information falls within any of the provisions of clauses 9.1.1 to 9.1.4, and shall be subject to the Company's confidentiality regime at the Signature Date.
 
 
    10SUPPORT
 
 
The Parties undertake at all times to do all such things, perform all such actions and take such steps (including in particular the exercise of their voting rights in the Company) and to procure the doing of all such things, the performance of all such actions and taking of all such steps as may be open to them and necessary for or incidental to the putting into effect the provisions of this Agreement.
 
 
 
6

 
   11  DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
 
11.1  
Each Party chooses the address set out opposite its name below as its domicilium citandi et executandi at which all notices, legal processes and other communications must be delivered for the purposes of this Agreement:
 
11.1.1  
 the Subscriber    
58 Broadlands Road
 
Emerald Hill,
Harare,
Zimbabwe

Fax: To be advised
Email:july.ndlovu@mweb.co.za
[For attention: July Ndlovu]
 

11.1.2  
the Company    
6th Floor Red Bridge NEEastgate
3rd Street and R. Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: 263 284 23193
Email: CMangezi@blanketmine.com
[For attention: Mr. Caxton Mangezi]
 
11.1.3  
 CHZ 
6th Floor Red Bridge NEEastgate
 3rd Street and R Mugabe Road
 Harare
 Zimbabwe

Fax: +27 11 447 2554
Email: SCurtis@caledoniamining.com
[For attention: Mr. Steven Curtis]
 
11.2  
Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given in terms of this Agreement shall be valid and effective only if in writing, and delivered by hand or sent or transmitted by registered post, telefax or by email.
 
11.3  
Each Party may by written notice to the other Parties change its chosen address and/or its chosen telefax number and/or its email address to another physical address, telefax number or email, provided that the change shall become effective on the fourteenth day after the receipt of the notice by the addressee.
 
 
7

 
11.4  
Any notice to a Party:
 
11.4.1  
sent by prepaid registered post to it at its chosen address;
 
11.4.2  
delivered by hand to a responsible person during ordinary business hours at its chosen address;
 
11.4.3  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by facsimile to its chosen telefax number; or
 
11.4.4  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by email to its chosen email address,
 
 
unless the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to have been received, in the case of clause 11.4.1, on the 7th (seventh) Business Day after posting and, in the case of clauses 11.4.2, 11.4.3 and 11.4.4, on the day of delivery or transmission as the case may be.
 
 
   12BREACH AND TERMINATION
 
12.1  
Should a Party (“the Defaulting Party”) commit a breach of any provision of this Agreement and fail to remedy such breach within 14 (fourteen) days from the date of written notice from any other Party to this Agreement (“the Aggrieved Party”) calling upon it to do so, the Aggrieved Party shall have the right, without prejudice to any other rights available in law, either:
 
12.1.1  
if the breach complained of can be fully remedied by the payment of money, to take whatever action may be necessary to obtain payment of the amounts required by the Aggrieved Party to remedy such breach; or
 
12.1.2  
if the breach complained of cannot be fully remedied by the payment of money, or, alternatively, if it can be so remedied and payment of any amounts claimed by the Aggrieved Party in terms of clause 12.1.1 is not made to the Aggrieved Party within 7 (seven) days of the date of determination through arbitration or legal process of the amount legally payable, to take whatever action may be necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to terminate this Agreement,
 
 
and in either event to claim such damages as it may have suffered as a result of such breach of contract.
 
12.2  
The Defaulting Party shall be liable for all costs and expenses (calculated on an attorney and own client scale) incurred as a result of or in connection with the default.
 
12.3  
Without limiting the generality of this clause 12, if at any time it is or becomes unlawful for the Company to perform or comply with any or all of its obligations under this Agreement or any of its obligations under this Agreement are not or cease to be legal, valid, binding and enforceable, the Company shall be entitled, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, by written notice to the Subscriber, to claim immediate payment of the balance of the Subscription Price and all Interest accrued in terms thereof regardless of whether or not such amounts are then otherwise due and payable.
 
12.4  
Notwithstanding the aforesaid, should the Subscriber institute and/or cause to be instituted, any legal action of any nature whatsoever against the Company, the Company shall have the right, exercisable by written notice given to the Subscriber at any time after the institution of any such legal action, to terminate this Agreement and purchase from the Subscriber all of the Subscription Shares at a value determined by the Auditors less any amounts owed by the Subscriber to the Company in terms of clause 5.1.
 
 
   13ARBITRATION
 
13.1  
Any dispute arising out of this Agreement or the interpretation thereof, both while in force and after its termination, shall be submitted to and determined by arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 6 of 1996, (for the purpose of this clause 13, ("the Act"). Such arbitration shall be held in Harare unless otherwise agreed and shall be held in a summary manner with a view to it being completed as soon as possible.
 
13.2  
There shall be one arbitrator, who shall be, if the question in issue is:
 
13.2.1  
primarily an accounting matter, an independent chartered accountant of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing;
 
13.2.2  
primarily a legal matter, a practising Senior Counsel or commercial attorney of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing; and
 
13.2.3  
any other matter, a suitably qualified independent person.
 
13.3  
The appointment of the arbitrator shall be agreed upon between the Parties, but failing agreement between them within a period of 14 (fourteen) days after the arbitration has been demanded by a Party by notice in writing to the others, a Party shall be entitled to request the High Court of Zimbabwe to make the appointment.
 
 
8

 
13.4  
The arbitrator shall have the powers conferred upon an arbitrator under the Act.
 
13.5  
A Party shall have the right to appeal against the decision of the arbitrator in accordance with the Act. The decision resulting from such appeal shall be final and binding on the Parties, and may be made an order of any court of competent jurisdiction. The Parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare should a Party wish to make the arbitrator's decision an order of Court.
 
13.6  
The fact that any dispute has been referred to or is the subject of arbitration in terms of this clause 13, as well as any information submitted or furnished to the arbitrators or in any other manner forming part of the record of any arbitration proceedings, shall be kept confidential by the parties to such arbitration proceedings, and the parties to such proceedings shall use their reasonable endeavours to procure that all their employees, agents or advisers who are involved in or who obtain knowledge of any confidential information disclosed during such proceedings, shall be made aware of, and shall undertake in writing to be bound by, and to comply with, the provisions of this clause 13.
 
   14 GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
 
14.1  
The interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the law of the Zimbabwe in all respects.
 
14.2  
Any Party shall be entitled to institute all or any proceedings against any the other Parties in connection with this Agreement in the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare.
 
 
   15 INTERPRETATION
 
15.1  
In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise :
 
15.1.1  
words importing any one gender shall include the other 2 (two) genders;
 
15.1.2  
the singular shall include the plural and vice versa; and
 
15.1.3  
a reference to natural persons shall include created entities (corporate or unincorporated) and vice versa.
 
 
9

 
15.2  
In this Agreement, the headings have been inserted for convenience only and shall not be used for nor assist or affect its interpretation.
 
15.3  
If anything in a definition is a substantive provision conferring rights or imposing obligations on anyone, effect shall be given to it as if it were a substantive provision in the body of this Agreement.
 
 
   16  GENERAL
 
16.1  
This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the Parties as to the subject matter hereof.
 
16.2  
No Party shall have any claim or right of action arising from any undertaking, representation or warranty not included in this Agreement.
 
16.3  
No failure by a Party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of such provision or affect in any way that Party’s right to require performance of any such provision at any time in the future, nor shall the waiver of any subsequent breach nullify the effectiveness of the provision itself.
 
16.4  
No agreement to vary, add to, or cancel this Agreement shall be of any force or effect unless reduced to writing and signed on behalf of all of the Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.5  
No Party may cede any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.6  
This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, in which event the originals together will constitute the entire agreement between the Parties.
 
 
   17  COSTS
 
 
Each Party shall bear its own costs to be incurred in connection with the drafting and negotiation of this Agreement.
 
 

 
 
    18   WARRANTY
 
 
The Company and CHZ warrant that the shareholder of the Company does not at the date of this agreement have any liability for the unlawful conduct of the business and affairs of the Company.
 

 
10

 




SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED

    
 
_________________________________
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:




SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED


 
_________________________________
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:


 

SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
FREMIRO INVESTMENTS (PRIVATE) LIMITED



 
_________________________________
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:
 
 
 
11

 
 
 


SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
between
 
BLANKET EMPLOYEE TRUST SERVICES (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company to be incorporated in Zimbabwe)
("the Subscriber")
 
and
 
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 172/69)
("the Company" )
 
and
 
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 5/45)
("CHZ" )

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
CONTENTS


No
     Clause
Page No
 
 
1
     DEFINITIONS
1
2
     BACKGROUND
2
3
     CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
2
4
     SUBSCRIPTION
3
5
     PRICE AND PAYMENT
4
6
     FUNDING
4
7
     DIRECTORS
5
8
     MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
6
9
     CONFIDENTIALITY
6
10
     SUPPORT
7
11
     DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
7
12
     BREACH AND TERMINATION
8
13
     ARBITRATION
9
14
     GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
10
15
     INTERPRETATION
11
16
     GENERAL
11
17
     COSTS
12
18
     WARRANTY
12



 
 
 

 
 
   1  DEFINITIONS
 
 
In this Agreement, unless the context indicates otherwise, the words and expressions set out below shall have the meaning assigned to them and cognate expressions shall have a corresponding meaning, namely:
 

1.1 
 
Agreement
means this subscription agreement;
1.2 
 
Auditors
means the Company’s auditors as at the Signature Date or failing that, at the election of the board of directors of the Company, Deloitte, KPMG or Ernst & Young;
1.3 
 
Business Day
means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday in Zimbabwe;
1.4 
 
Closing Date
means the 5th (fifth) Business Day after the fulfilment of the suspensive conditions in clause 3;
1.5 
 
Directors
means the directors of the Company from time to time appointed in accordance with clause 7;
1.6 
 
Indigenisation
means the process and objectives contemplated in the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
1.7 
 
Indigenisation Act
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act [Chapter 14.33];
1.8 
 
Interest
means interest calculated monthly in arrears at 10 (ten) percentage points above the 12 (twelve) month London InterBank Offered Rate published by Thomson Reuters from time to time;
 
1.9 
 
Loan Account
means the loan account to be opened in the Subscriber's name in the books of the Company;
1.10 
 
MOU
means the memorandum of understanding concluded by Caledonia Mining Corporation, CHZ, the Company, and the Minister of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe on 20 February 2012;
 
 
1

 
1.11 
 
Parties
means CHZ, the Company, and the Subscriber and "Party" means any one of them, as the context may indicate;
1.12 
 
Regulations
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment (General) Regulations, 2010;
1.13 
 
Signature Date
means the date of signature of this Agreement by the Party last in time to do so;
1.14 
 
Subscription Price
means the subscription price for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 5.1; and
1.15 
 
Subscription Shares
means 4,280,000 (four million two hundred and eighty thousand) “A” class shares representing 10% (ten percent) of the issued share capital of the Company after the implementation of the transactions envisaged in the MOU.
 
   2  BACKGROUND
 
2.1  
CHZ and the Company have agreed to the Indigenisation of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the MOU.
 
2.2  
In terms of the MOU, the Company is required to issue the Subscription Shares to the Blanket Mine Employee Trust.
 
2.3  
The Company has procured the incorporation of the Subscriber for the purpose of subscribing for and holding the Subscription Shares and the Blanket Mine Employee Trust will, on its formation, acquire the entire issued share capital of the Subscriber.
 
2.4  
The Parties wish to record the terms on which the Subscriber will subscribe for the Subscription Shares.
 
 
   3  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
3.1  
The implementation of this Agreement is, save for the provisions of clauses 1, 3 and 7 to 18, inclusive, which will be of immediate force and effect, subject to:
 
 
2

 
3.1.1  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation from the Ministry of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe that the implementation of this Agreement and the other transactions envisaged in the MOU constitutes compliance by CHZ and the Company with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
 
3.1.2  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of the approvals, to the extent certified in writing by the Auditors to be required by law, by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe of the transactions contemplated in the MOU and any related transactions and/or corporate re-organisation required to give effect to the Indigenisation by CHZ of the Company; and
 
3.1.3  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation of the unconditional withdrawal by the Zimbabwe Ministry of Mines and Mining Development of the letter sent by it to the Company dated 13 December 2011 requiring the Company to reach agreement with the Zimbabwean Mining Development Corporation regarding the Indigenisation of the Company.
 
3.2  
The Parties shall use all commercially reasonable endeavours to procure the fulfilment of the conditions precedent stipulated in clause 3.1.
 
3.3  
The conditions in clause 3.1 above are stipulated for the benefit of CHZ and CHZ may waive any one or all of those conditions by way of written notice to the Subscriber.
 
3.4  
In the event of the conditions stipulated in clause 3.1 not being fulfilled or waived on or before 30 September 2012, or on or before such later date as CHZ and the Company agree upon in writing, this Agreement shall lapse and shall be of no further force or effect and no Party shall have any claim against the other Parties arising from the provisions of this Agreement or the termination thereof.
 
 
   4SUBSCRIPTION
 
4.1  
The Subscriber hereby subscribes for the Subscription Shares.
 
4.2  
The Company hereby accepts the subscription for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 4.1, and undertakes to allot and issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber on the Closing Date.
 
 
 
3

 
   5  PRICE AND PAYMENT
 
5.1  
The Subscription Price for the Subscription Shares shall be the sum of US$ 7,339,024 (seven million three hundred and thirty nine thousand and twenty four US Dollars), which amount shall be debited to the Loan Account which Loan Account shall:
 
5.1.1  
bear compound Interest from the Closing Date to the date of repayment, both dates inclusive; and
 
5.1.2  
be paid in instalments on the date of payment of dividends by the Company from time to time, in an amount equal to 80% (eighty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber, after deduction of withholding or any other taxes, in respect of the Subscription Shares. Each such payment shall be credited to the Loan Account in part settlement of Interest in the first instance and thereafter in settlement of capital owing in respect of the Subscription Price. Such payments shall cease once the Loan Account has been settled.
 
5.2  
The remaining 20% (twenty percent) of the dividends payable to the Subscriber shall be paid by the Company to the Subscriber after deduction of any Zimbabwean withholding or other tax or levies that may be applicable on the dividends declared by the Company.
 
5.3  
The Subscriber hereby irrevocably authorises the Company to apply dividends declared and becoming due for payment to the Subscriber, in the manner set out in clause 5.1.2.
 
5.4  
For as long as any amounts are owed to the Company by the Subscriber in respect of the Subscription Price in terms of clause 5.1, the Subscriber may not, without prior written consent of CHZ, cede any right, title or interest in, pledge, or otherwise encumber any Subscription Share.
 
5.5  
The amount due in respect of the Subscription Price and Interest shall be payable free of any deduction or set off and any taxes that may be levied thereon, which shall be for the account of the Subscriber.
 
 
   6  FUNDING
 
6.1  
If the Directors should at any time resolve to call on the shareholders of the Company to advance capital to the Company, either by way of share capital or loans, the Subscriber shall advance such capital pro rata to its shareholding in the Company at the date on which the Directors determine that the capital is required.
 
 
4

 
6.1.1  
If the Subscriber is unable or unwilling to provide the capital required in terms of clause 6.1, then it shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 30 (thirty) days of the date on which it is advised in writing (“the Finance Date”) by the Company that capital is required from it.
 
6.1.2  
If the Company should receive a notice contemplated in clause 6.1.1, or if the Subscriber should fail to give a notice as contemplated in clause 6.1.1 and should fail to comply with its obligation to advance capital to the Company in terms of this clause 6. within 90 (ninety) days from the Finance Date, and if CHZ is prepared to provide the amount of the finance which the Subscriber was required to advance to the Company, then CHZ shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 10 (ten) Business Days of receipt of the notice referred to in clause 6.1.1, or of failure by the Subscriber to advance capital as required in terms of this clause 6.1.
 
6.2  
If the Subscriber is called upon to advance an amount to the Company in terms of clause 6.1 above, and if the Subscriber has declined or, as the case may be, failed to comply with such request in accordance with the provisions of clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, then, if it shall have exercised the right to advance to the Company the amount which the Subscriber has declined to advance, CHZ shall have the right, to call upon the Subscriber to sell such number of shares at par as shall, after transfer thereof into the name of CHZ, result in CHZ holding such percentage of the issued voting capital of the Company as shall be equal to the percentage which the aggregate of loan capital and share capital contributed by CHZ to the Company constitutes of the total capital contributed by all shareholders by way of share capital and loan capital.
 
 
   DIRECTORS
 
7.1  
The board of Directors shall be comprised of a maximum of 8 (eight) Directors.
 
7.2  
The Parties agree that:
 
7.2.1  
the Subscriber shall be entitled to appoint 1 (one) Director, of the Company, who shall be acceptable to the majority of the board of directors of the Company whose acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld; and
 
7.2.2  
CHZ shall be entitled to appoint 4 (four) Directors of the Company.
 
 
5

 
7.3  
The Subscriber and CHZ shall have the right, from time to time, by notice in writing to the Company, to remove a Director nominated by it in terms of clause 7.1 as a Director and to nominate, in accordance with clause 7.2 another person in the place of the Director so removed.
 
 
   8  MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
 
For as long as any amounts are owed to the Company by the Subscriber on the Loan Account, the management of the Company shall continue to be undertaken by Greenstone Management Services (“Greenstone”) in terms of the existing management agreement between Greenstone and the Company on at least identical terms and conditions. The Parties undertake to vote in favour of all resolutions necessary to give effect to this clause 8. Should the management agreement be terminated, for whatever reason, before the Loan Account has been settled, the balance of the Loan Account shall be payable by the Subscriber to the Company on demand.
 
 
   9  CONFIDENTIALITY
 
9.1  
All communications between the Parties and all information and other materials supplied to or received by a Party from any of the other Parties which relates in any way to this Agreement and to the Company shall be kept confidential by the Parties unless or until the relevant Party can reasonably demonstrate that:
 
9.1.1  
any such communication, information or material is, or part of it is, in the public domain through no fault of its own; or
 
9.1.2  
any such communication, information or material has been lawfully obtained from any third party; or
 
9.1.3  
the information is already lawfully known to the relevant Party at the time  that Party receives such information; or
 
9.1.4  
the relevant Party is obliged by law to disclose such information,
 
whereupon this obligation in respect of that information shall cease.
 
9.2  
The Parties shall use their best endeavours to procure the observance of these restrictions and shall take all reasonable steps to minimise the risk of disclosure of confidential information by ensuring that only they themselves and such of their employees, agents or consultants whose duties will require them to possess any of such information shall have access to such information, and will be instructed to treat the same as confidential.
 
 
6

 
9.3  
The obligation contained in this clause 9 shall endure, even after the termination of this Agreement, without limit in point of time, except and until such confidential information falls within any of the provisions of clauses 9.1.1 to 9.1.4, and shall be subject to the Company's confidentiality regime at the Signature Date.
 
 
   10  SUPPORT
 
 
The Parties undertake at all times to do all such things, perform all such actions and take such steps (including in particular the exercise of their voting rights in the Company) and to procure the doing of all such things, the performance of all such actions and taking of all such steps as may be open to them and necessary for or incidental to the putting into effect the provisions of this Agreement.
 
 
   11  DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
 
11.1  
Each Party chooses the address set out opposite its name below as its domicilium citandi et executandi at which all notices, legal processes and other communications must be delivered for the purposes of this Agreement:
 
11.1.1  
the Subscriber   
Blanket Mine, P.O.Box 4
Gwanda,
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: 263 84 2 23259
Email: CMangezi@blanketmine.com
[For attention: Mr. Caxton Mangezi]

11.1.2  
the Company      
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
 
Eastgate
3rd Street and R. Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: 263 284 23193
Email: PDell@caledoniazim.com
[For attention: Mr. Caxton Mangezi]
 
11.1.3  
CHZ  
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
 
Eastgate
3rd Street and R Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: +27 11 447 2554
Email: SCurtis@caledoniamining.com
[For attention: Mr. Steve Curtis]
 
 
7

 
11.2  
Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given in terms of this Agreement shall be valid and effective only if in writing, and delivered by hand or sent or transmitted by registered post, telefax or by email.
 
11.3  
Each Party may by written notice to the other Parties change its chosen address and/or its chosen telefax number and/or its email address to another physical address, telefax number or email, provided that the change shall become effective on the fourteenth day after the receipt of the notice by the addressee.
 
11.4  
Any notice to a Party:
 
11.4.1  
sent by prepaid registered post to it at its chosen address;
 
11.4.2  
delivered by hand to a responsible person during ordinary business hours at its chosen address;
 
11.4.3  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by facsimile to its chosen telefax number; or
 
11.4.4  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by email to its chosen email address,
 
 
unless the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to have been received, in the case of clause 11.4.1, on the 7th (seventh) Business Day after posting and, in the case of clauses 11.4.2, 11.4.3 and 11.4.4, on the day of delivery or transmission as the case may be.
 
 
   12BREACH AND TERMINATION
 
12.1  
Should a Party (“the Defaulting Party”) commit a breach of any provision of this Agreement and fail to remedy such breach within 14 (fourteen) days from the date of written notice from any other Party to this Agreement (“the Aggrieved Party”) calling upon it to do so, the Aggrieved Party shall have the right, without prejudice to any other rights available in law, either:
 
12.1.1  
if the breach complained of can be fully remedied by the payment of money, to take whatever action may be necessary to obtain payment of the amounts required by the Aggrieved Party to remedy such breach; or
 
 
8

 
12.1.2  
if the breach complained of cannot be fully remedied by the payment of money, or, alternatively, if it can be so remedied and payment of any amounts claimed by the Aggrieved Party in terms of clause 12.1.1 is not made to the Aggrieved Party within 7 (seven) days of the date of determination through arbitration or legal process of the amount legally payable, to take whatever action may be necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to terminate this Agreement,
 
 
and in either event to claim such damages as it may have suffered as a result of such breach of contract.
 
12.2  
The Defaulting Party shall be liable for all costs and expenses (calculated on an attorney and own client scale) incurred as a result of or in connection with the default.
 
12.3  
Without limiting the generality of this clause 12, if at any time it is or becomes unlawful for the Company to perform or comply with any or all of its obligations under this Agreement or any of its obligations under this Agreement are not or cease to be legal, valid, binding and enforceable, the Company shall be entitled, without prejudice to any other rights or remedies which it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, by written notice to the Subscriber, to claim immediate payment of the balance of the Subscription Price and all Interest accrued in terms thereof regardless of whether or not such amounts are then otherwise due and payable.
 
12.4  
Should the Company terminate this Agreement in the circumstances contemplated in this clause 12, the Company shall have the right, without prejudice to any other rights available to it, exercisable by written notice given to the Subscriber to purchase from the Subscriber all of the Subscription Shares at a value determined by the Auditors less any amounts owed by the Subscriber to the Company in terms of clause 5.1.
 
 
   13  ARBITRATION
 
13.1  
Any dispute arising out of this Agreement or the interpretation thereof, both while in force and after its termination, shall be submitted to and determined by arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 6 of 1996, (for the purpose of this clause 13, ("the Act"). Such arbitration shall be held in Harare unless otherwise agreed and shall be held in a summary manner with a view to it being completed as soon as possible.
 
13.2  
There shall be one arbitrator, who shall be, if the question in issue is:
 
 
9

 
13.2.1  
primarily an accounting matter, an independent chartered accountant of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing;
 
13.2.2  
primarily a legal matter, a practising Senior Counsel or commercial attorney of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing; and
 
13.2.3  
any other matter, a suitably qualified independent person.
 
13.3  
The appointment of the arbitrator shall be agreed upon between the Parties, but failing agreement between them within a period of 14 (fourteen) days after the arbitration has been demanded by a Party by notice in writing to the others, a Party shall be entitled to request the Commercial Arbitration Centre in Harare to make the appointment.
 
13.4  
The arbitrator shall have the powers conferred upon an arbitrator under the Act.
 
13.5  
A Party shall have the right to appeal against the decision of the arbitrator in accordance with the Act. The decision resulting from such appeal shall be final and binding on the Parties, and may be made an order of any court of competent jurisdiction. The Parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare should a Party wish to make the arbitrator's decision an order of Court.
 
13.6  
The fact that any dispute has been referred to or is the subject of arbitration in terms of this clause 13, as well as any information submitted or furnished to the arbitrators or in any other manner forming part of the record of any arbitration proceedings, shall be kept confidential by the parties to such arbitration proceedings, and the parties to such proceedings shall use their reasonable endeavours to procure that all their employees, agents or advisers who are involved in or who obtain knowledge of any confidential information disclosed during such proceedings, shall be made aware of, and shall undertake in writing to be bound by, and to comply with, the provisions of this clause 13.
 
   14GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
 
14.1  
The interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the law of the Zimbabwe in all respects.
 
14.2  
Any Party shall be entitled to institute all or any proceedings against any the other Parties in connection with this Agreement in the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare.
 
 
10

 
 
   15  INTERPRETATION
 
15.1  
In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise :
 
15.1.1  
words importing any one gender shall include the other 2 (two) genders;
 
15.1.2  
the singular shall include the plural and vice versa; and
 
15.1.3  
a reference to natural persons shall include created entities (corporate or unincorporated) and vice versa.
 
15.2  
In this Agreement, the headings have been inserted for convenience only and shall not be used for nor assist or affect its interpretation.
 
15.3  
If anything in a definition is a substantive provision conferring rights or imposing obligations on anyone, effect shall be given to it as if it were a substantive provision in the body of this Agreement.
 
 
   16  GENERAL
 
16.1  
This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the Parties as to the subject matter hereof.
 
16.2  
No Party shall have any claim or right of action arising from any undertaking, representation or warranty not included in this Agreement.
 
16.3  
No failure by a Party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of such provision or affect in any way that Party’s right to require performance of any such provision at any time in the future, nor shall the waiver of any subsequent breach nullify the effectiveness of the provision itself.
 
16.4  
No agreement to vary, add to, or cancel this Agreement shall be of any force or effect unless reduced to writing and signed on behalf of all of the Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.5  
No Party may cede any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Parties to this Agreement.
 
16.6  
This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, in which event the originals together will constitute the entire agreement between the Parties.
 
 
11

 
 
   17  COSTS
 
 
Each Party shall bear its own costs to be incurred in connection with the drafting and negotiation of this Agreement.
 
 
   18  WARRANTY
 
 
The Company and CHZ warrant that the shareholder of the Company does not at the Signature Date have any liability for the unlawful conduct of the business and affairs of the Company.
 


SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
BLANKET EMPLOYEE TRUST SERVICES (PRIVATE) LIMITED



 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:



SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED



 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:





SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED


 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:

 
12

 
 
 


SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
 
between
 
GWANDA COMMUNITY SHARE OWNERSHIP TRUST
(a trust registered in Zimbabwe under registration number [●] )
("the Subscriber")
 
and
 
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 172/69)
("the Company" )
 
and
 
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED
(a company incorporated in Zimbabwe under registration number 5/45)
("CHZ" )
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 

CONTENTS
 
 
No
     Clause
Page No
 
 
1
     DEFINITIONS
1
2
     BACKGROUND
2
3
     CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
3
4
     SUBSCRIPTION
4
5
     DONATION
4
6
     FUNDING
4
7
     DIRECTORS
5
8
     CONFIDENTIALITY
6
9
     SUPPORT
6
10
     DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
7
11
     BREACH AND TERMINATION
8
12
     ARBITRATION
9
13
     GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
10
14
     INTERPRETATION
10
15
     GENERAL
10
16
     COSTS
11
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
   1  DEFINITIONS
 
 
In this Agreement, unless the context indicates otherwise, the words and expressions set out below shall have the meaning assigned to them and cognate expressions shall have a corresponding meaning, namely:
 

1.1 
 
Agreement
means this subscription agreement;
1.2 
 
Auditors
means the Company’s auditors as at the Signature Date or failing that, at the election of the board of directors of the Company, Deloitte, KPMG or Ernst & Young;
1.3 
 
BETS
means Blanket Employee Trust Services (Private) Limited, a company registered in Zimbabwe under registration number [●], and which is a wholly owned subsidiary company of the Blanket Employee Trust ;;
1.4 
 
Business Day
means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday in Zimbabwe;
1.5 
 
Closing Date
means the 5th (fifth) Business Day after the fulfilment of the suspensive conditions in clause 3;
1.6 
 
Directors
means the directors of the Company from time to time appointed in accordance with clause 7;
1.7 
 
Indigenisation
means the process and objectives contemplated in the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
1.8 
 
Indigenisation Act
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act [Chapter 14.33];
1.9 
 
MOU
means the memorandum of understanding concluded by Caledonia Mining Corporation, CHZ, the Company, and the Minister of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe on 20 February 2012;
 
 
1

 
 
 
1.10 
 
Parties
means CHZ, the Company, and the Subscriber and "Party" means any one of them, as the context may indicate;
1.11 
 
Regulations
means the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment (General) Regulations, 2010;
1.12 
 
NIEEF
means the National Indigenisation Economic Empowerment Fund established in terms of section 12 of the Indigenisation Act;
1.13 
 
Signature Date
means the date of signature of this Agreement by the Party last in time to do so;
1.14 
 
Subscriber's Bank Account
means the bank account nominated by the Subscriber for the payment of the amount referred to in clause 5, the details of which are as follows:
Bank: [•]
Branch: [•]
Branch Code: [•]
Account Number: [•];
1.15 
 
Subscription Shares
means 4,280,000 (four million two hundred and eighty thousand) B” class shares representing 10% (ten percent) of the issued share capital of the Company, which shall confer the right to receive the dividend described in clause 4.3 below; and
1.16 
 
Zimco
means Zimco (Private) Limited, a company to be incorporated in Zimbabwe.
 
   2  BACKGROUND
 
2.1  
CHZ and the Company have agreed to the Indigenisation of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the MOU.
 
2.2  
In terms of the MOU, the Company is required to issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber.
 
 
2

 
2.3  
The Parties wish to record the terms on which the Subscriber will subscribe for the Subscription Shares.
 
 
   3  CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 
3.1  
The implementation of this Agreement is, save for the provisions of clauses 1, 3.2 and 7 to 16, inclusive, which will be of immediate force and effect, subject to:
 
3.1.1  
the following agreements being concluded and becoming unconditional according to their terms, save for the condition that this Agreement is concluded and becomes unconditional:
 
3.1.1.1  
an agreement between the Company and BETS in terms of which BETS will subscribe for 4,280,000 (four million two hundred and eighty thousand) "A" class shares representing 10% (ten percent) of the issued share capital of the Company;
 
3.1.1.2  
an agreement between the Company and Zimco in terms of which Zimco will subscribe for 6,420,000 (six million four hundred and twenty thousand) “A” class shares representing 15% (fifteen percent) of the issued share capital of the Company; and
 
3.1.1.3  
an agreement between the Company and NIEEF in terms of which NIEEF will subscribe for 6,848,000 (six million eight hundred and forty eight thousand) "A" class shares representing 16% (sixteen percent) of the issued share capital of the Company;
 
3.1.2  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation from the Ministry of Youth, Development, Indigenisation and Empowerment of the Government of Zimbabwe that the implementation of this Agreement and the agreements in clause 3.1.1 constitutes compliance by CHZ and the Company with the requirements of the Indigenisation Act and the Regulations;
 
3.1.3  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of the approvals, to the extent certified in writing by the Auditors to be required by law, by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe of the transactions contemplated in the MOU and any related transactions and/or corporate re-organisation required to give effect to the Indigenisation by CHZ of the Company; and
 
 
3

 
3.1.4  
receipt by CHZ and the Company of written confirmation of the unconditional withdrawal by the Zimbabwe Ministry of Mines and Mining Development to the Company of the letter sent by it to the Company dated 13 December 2011 requiring the Company to reach agreement with the Zimbabwean Mining Development Corporation regarding the Indigenisation of the Company.
 
3.2  
The Parties shall use all commercially reasonable endeavours to procure the fulfilment of the conditions precedent stipulated in clause 3.1.
 
3.3  
The conditions in clause 3.1 above are stipulated for the benefit of CHZ and CHZ may waive any one or all of those conditions by way of written notice to the Subscriber.
 
3.4  
In the event of the conditions stipulated in clause 3.1 not being fulfilled on or before 30 September 2012, or on or before such later date as CHZ and the Company agree upon in writing, this Agreement shall lapse and shall be of no further force or effect and no Party shall have any claim against the other Parties arising from the provisions of this Agreement or the termination thereof.
 
 
   4  SUBSCRIPTION
 
4.1  
The Subscriber hereby subscribes for the Subscription Shares.
 
4.2  
The Company hereby accepts the subscription for the Subscription Shares as set out in clause 4.1, and undertakes to allot and issue the Subscription Shares to the Subscriber on the Closing Date at a nominal value of US$ 1 (one US Dollar).
 
4.3  
The Subscription Shares shall confer on the Subscriber the right to receive a dividend in the amount of US$1,000,000 (one million US Dollars), which shall be payable by the Company to the Subscriber within 12 (twelve) months of the Closing Date.
 
 
   5  DONATION
 
The Company hereby donates, and undertakes on the Closing Date to pay to the Subscriber, an amount of US$1,000,000 (one million US Dollars) in cash, by way of electronic transfer by the Company to the Subscriber's Bank Account.
 
 
   6  FUNDING
 
6.1  
If the Directors should at any time resolve to call on the shareholders of the Company to advance capital to the Company, either by way of share capital or loans, the Subscriber shall advance such capital pro rata to its shareholding in the Company at the date on which the Directors determine that the capital is required.
 
 
4

 
6.1.1  
If the Subscriber is unable or unwilling to provide the capital required in terms of clause 6.1, then it shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 30 (thirty) days of the date on which it is advised in writing (“the Finance Date”) by the Company that capital is required from it.
 
6.1.2  
If the Company should receive a notice contemplated in clause 6.1.1, or if the Subscriber should fail to give a notice as contemplated in clause 6.1.1 and should fail to comply with its obligation to advance capital to the Company in terms of this clause 6.1 within 90 (ninety) days from the Finance Date, and if CHZ is prepared to provide the amount of the finance which the Subscriber was required to advance to the Company, then CHZ shall notify the Company in writing to that effect within 10 (ten) Business Days of receipt of the notice referred to in clause 6.1.1, or of failure by the Subscriber to advance capital as required in terms of this clause 6.1.
 
6.2  
If the Subscriber is called upon to advance an amount to the Company in terms of clause 6.1 above, and if the Subscriber has declined or, as the case may be, failed to comply with such request in accordance with the provisions of clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, then, if it shall have exercised the right to advance to the Company the amount which the Subscriber has declined to advance, CHZ shall have the right, to call upon the Subscriber to sell CHZ such number of shares at par as shall, after transfer thereof into the name of CHZ, result in CHZ such percentage of the issued voting capital of the Company as shall be equal to the percentage which the aggregate of loan capital and share capital contributed by CHZ to the Company constitutes of the total capital contributed by all shareholders by way of share capital and loan capital.
 
 
   7  DIRECTORS
 
7.1  
The board of Directors shall be comprised of a maximum of 8 (eight) Directors.
 
7.2  
The Parties agree that:
 
7.2.1  
the Subscriber shall be entitled to appoint 1 (one) Director who shall be acceptable to the majority of the Board of Directors of the Company whose acceptance shall not be unreasonably withheld;; and
 
 
5

 
7.2.2  
CHZ shall be entitled to appoint 4 (four) Directors.
 
7.3  
The Subscriber and CHZ shall have the right, from time to time, by notice in writing to the Company, to remove a Director nominated by it in terms of clause 7.1 as a Director and to nominate, in accordance with clause 7.2 another person in the place of the Director so removed.
 
 
   8  CONFIDENTIALITY
 
8.1  
All communications between the Parties and all information and other materials supplied to or received by a Party from any of the other Parties which relates in any way to this Agreement and to the Company shall be kept confidential by the Parties unless or until the relevant Party can reasonably demonstrate that:
 
8.1.1  
any such communication, information or material is, or part of it is, in the public domain through no fault of its own; or
 
8.1.2  
any such communication, information or material has been lawfully obtained from any third party; or
 
8.1.3  
the information is already lawfully known to the relevant Party at the time  that Party receives such information; or
 
8.1.4  
the relevant Party is obliged by law to disclose such information,
 
whereupon this obligation in respect of that information shall cease.
 
8.2  
The Parties shall use their best endeavours to procure the observance of these restrictions and shall take all reasonable steps to minimise the risk of disclosure of confidential information by ensuring that only they themselves and such of their employees, agents or consultants whose duties will require them to possess any of such information shall have access to such information, and will be instructed to treat the same as confidential.
 
8.3  
The obligation contained in this clause 8 shall endure, even after the termination of this Agreement, without limit in point of time, except and until such confidential information falls within any of the provisions of clauses 8.1.1 to 8.1.4, and shall be subject to the Company's confidentiality regime at the Signature Date.
 
 
   9  SUPPORT
 
 
The Parties undertake at all times to do all such things, perform all such actions and take such steps (including in particular the exercise of their voting rights in the Company) and to procure the doing of all such things, the performance of all such actions and taking of all such steps as may be open to them and necessary for or incidental to the putting into effect the provisions of this Agreement.
 
 
 
6

 
   10  DOMICILIUM CITANDI ET EXECUTANDI
 
10.1  
Each Party chooses the address set out opposite its name below as its domicilium citandi et executandi at which all notices, legal processes and other communications must be delivered for the purposes of this Agreement:
 
10.1.1  
 the Subscriber  
[•]
 
Fax: [•]
Email:[•]
[For attention: [•]]


10.1.2  
the Company  
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
 
Eastgate
3rd Street and R. Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: 263 284 23193
Email: CMangezi@blanketmine.com
[For attention: Mr. Caxton Mangezi]
 
10.1.3  
CHZ     
6th Floor Red Bridge NE
Eastgate
3rd Street and R Mugabe Road
Harare
Zimbabwe
 
Fax: +27 11 447 2554
Email: scurtis@caledoniamining.com
[For attention: Mr. Steve Curtis]
 
10.2  
Any notice or communication required or permitted to be given in terms of this Agreement shall be valid and effective only if in writing, and delivered by hand or sent or transmitted by registered post, telefax or by email.
 
10.3  
Each Party may by written notice to the other Parties change its chosen address and/or its chosen telefax number and/or its email address to another physical address, telefax number or email, provided that the change shall become effective on the fourteenth day after the receipt of the notice by the addressee.
 
 
7

 
10.4  
Any notice to a Party:
 
10.4.1  
sent by prepaid registered post to it at its chosen address;
 
10.4.2  
delivered by hand to a responsible person during ordinary business hours at its chosen address;
 
10.4.3  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by facsimile to its chosen telefax number; or
 
10.4.4  
transmitted during ordinary office hours by email to its chosen email address,
 
 
unless the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to have been received, in the case of clause 10.4.1, on the 7th (seventh) Business Day after posting and, in the case of clauses 10.4.2, 10.4.3 and 10.4.4, on the day of delivery or transmission as the case may be.
 
 
   11BREACH AND TERMINATION
 
11.1  
Should a Party (“the Defaulting Party”) commit a breach of any provision of this Agreement and fail to remedy such breach within 14 (fourteen) days from the date of written notice from any other Party to this Agreement (“the Aggrieved Party”) calling upon it to do so, the Aggrieved Party shall have the right, without prejudice to any other rights available in law, either:
 
11.1.1  
if the breach complained of can be fully remedied by the payment of money, to take whatever action may be necessary to obtain payment of the amounts required by the Aggrieved Party to remedy such breach; or
 
11.1.2  
if the breach complained of cannot be fully remedied by the payment of money, or, alternatively, if it can be so remedied and payment of any amounts claimed by the Aggrieved Party in terms of clause 11.1.1 is not made to the Aggrieved Party within 7 (seven) days of the date of determination through arbitration or legal process of the amount legally payable, to take whatever action may be necessary to enforce its rights under this Agreement or to terminate this Agreement,
 
 
and in either event to claim such damages as it may have suffered as a result of such breach of contract.
 
 
8

 
11.2  
The Defaulting Party shall be liable for all costs and expenses (calculated on an attorney and own client scale) incurred as a result of or in connection with the default.
 
11.3  
Should the Subscriber institute and/or cause to be instituted, any legal action of any nature whatsoever against the Company, the Company shall have the right, exercisable by written notice given to the Subscriber at any time after the institution of any such legal action, to terminate this Agreement and purchase from the Subscriber all of the Subscription Shares at a value determined by the Auditors.
 
 
   12  ARBITRATION
 
12.1  
Any dispute arising out of this Agreement or the interpretation thereof, both while in force and after its termination, shall be submitted to and determined by arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule to the Arbitration Act, 6 of 1996, (for the purpose of this clause 12, ("the Act"). Such arbitration shall be held in Harare unless otherwise agreed and shall be held in a summary manner with a view to it being completed as soon as possible.
 
12.2  
There shall be one arbitrator, who shall be, if the question in issue is:
 
12.2.1  
primarily an accounting matter, an independent chartered accountant of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing;
 
12.2.2  
primarily a legal matter, a practising Senior Counsel or commercial attorney of not less than 10 (ten) years' standing; and
 
12.2.3  
any other matter, a suitably qualified independent person.
 
12.3  
The appointment of the arbitrator shall be agreed upon between the Parties, but failing agreement between them within a period of 14 (fourteen) days after the arbitration has been demanded by a Party by notice in writing to the others, a Party shall be entitled to request the High Court of Zimbabwe to make the appointment.
 
12.4  
The arbitrator shall have the powers conferred upon an arbitrator under the Act.
 
12.5  
A Party shall have the right to appeal against the decision of the arbitrator in accordance with the Act. The decision resulting from such appeal shall be final and binding on the Parties, and may be made an order of any court of competent jurisdiction. The Parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare should a Party wish to make the arbitrator's decision an order of Court.
 
 
9

 
12.6  
The fact that any dispute has been referred to or is the subject of arbitration in terms of this clause 12, as well as any information submitted or furnished to the arbitrators or in any other manner forming part of the record of any arbitration proceedings, shall be kept confidential by the parties to such arbitration proceedings, and the parties to such proceedings shall use their reasonable endeavours to procure that all their employees, agents or advisers who are involved in or who obtain knowledge of any confidential information disclosed during such proceedings, shall be made aware of, and shall undertake in writing to be bound by, and to comply with, the provisions of this clause 12.
 
   13 GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
 
13.1  
The interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the law of the Zimbabwe in all respects.
 
13.2  
Any Party shall be entitled to institute all or any proceedings against any the other Parties in connection with this Agreement in the High Court of Zimbabwe sitting at Harare.
 
 
   14INTERPRETATION
 
14.1  
In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise:
 
14.1.1  
words importing any one gender shall include the other 2 (two) genders;
 
14.1.2  
the singular shall include the plural and vice versa; and
 
14.1.3  
a reference to natural persons shall include created entities (corporate or unincorporated) and vice versa.
 
14.2  
In this Agreement, the headings have been inserted for convenience only and shall not be used for nor assist or affect its interpretation.
 
14.3  
If anything in a definition is a substantive provision conferring rights or imposing obligations on anyone, effect shall be given to it as if it were a substantive provision in the body of this Agreement.
 
 
   15  GENERAL
 
15.1  
This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the Parties as to the subject matter hereof.
 
15.2  
No Party shall have any claim or right of action arising from any undertaking, representation or warranty not included in this Agreement.
 
15.3  
No failure by a Party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of such provision or affect in any way that Party’s right to require performance of any such provision at any time in the future, nor shall the waiver of any subsequent breach nullify the effectiveness of the provision itself.
 
15.4  
No agreement to vary, add to, or cancel this Agreement shall be of any force or effect unless reduced to writing and signed on behalf of all of the Parties to this Agreement.
 
15.5  
No Party may cede any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Parties to this Agreement.
 
15.6  
This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, in which event the originals together will constitute the entire agreement between the Parties.
 
 
   16COSTS
 
 
Each Party shall bear its own costs to be incurred in connection with the drafting and negotiation of this Agreement.
 
 

 
10

 
 
SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
GWANDA COMMUNITY SHARE OWNERSHIP TRUST



 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:

 
SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
BLANKET MINE (1983) (PRIVATE) LIMITED



 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:

 

 


SIGNED at
on 
2012

 
For:
CALEDONIA HOLDINGS ZIMBABWE (PRIVATE) LIMITED




 
_________________________________
 
Signatory:
Capacity:
Authority:

 
 11


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