By Daniel Gilbert And Erin Ailworth 

Chesapeake Energy Corp. sued its ousted founder, Aubrey McClendon, claiming Tuesday that he stole sensitive data in the days before he left in 2013.

The company alleges that Mr. McClendon, while still running the company, had his assistant print out maps and data about oil and gas prospects in Ohio and sent the same information to his personal email address.

"Due to the concealed nature of McClendon's conduct, Chesapeake did not discover McClendon's misappropriation until long after he had separated from Chesapeake," the company stated in a lawsuit filed in Oklahoma County District Court.

Mr. McClendon, who founded rival American Energy Partners LP after leaving Chesapeake, called the lawsuit "baseless" and accused Chesapeake of trying to breach his severance agreement. American Energy said in a news release Tuesday that the agreement allowed Mr. McClendon access to data concerning his personal investments in Chesapeake's wells.

"It is beyond belief that the company that I co-founded 25 years ago and where I worked tirelessly to build it into one of America's largest and most successful oil and gas producers has now decided to add insult to injury almost two years to the day after my resignation by wrongly accusing me of misappropriating information," Mr. McClendon said in a news release.

A spokesman for Chesapeake defended the lawsuit. "We believe that pursuing these legacy claims is in the best interest of the company and its shareholders," spokesman Gordon Pennoyer said.

Mr. McClendon co-founded Chesapeake and built it into the country's second-largest natural-gas producer after Exxon Mobil Corp. He was ousted in 2013 after clashing with the company's board of directors, which had been revamped by its largest shareholders.

It wasn't a clean break. Mr. McClendon had acquired a small stake in thousands of wells drilled by Chesapeake, an arrangement that ended last year. American Energy said Mr. McClendon has paid Chesapeake nearly $2.5 billion for his share of well costs, and that he still owns a stake in more than 16,000 wells.

American Energy, based about a mile from Chesapeake's campus in Oklahoma City, has expanded rapidly. As of the fall, the new firm had raised $14 billion in equity and debt.

Chesapeake claimed Mr. McClendon began soliciting investors for his new firm just hours after it announced he would leave in 2013. The company alleged that the maps and data he took with him showed unleased oil and gas acreage in Ohio's Utica shale--where American Energy made some of its first acquisitions.

American Energy said the information Mr. McClendon has "is rightfully his under the terms of the agreements Chesapeake made with him in early 2013."

Write to Daniel Gilbert at daniel.gilbert@wsj.com and Erin Ailworth at Erin.Ailworth@wsj.com

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